高中语法主谓一致精讲及练习

高中语法主谓一致精讲及练习语法：主谓一致主谓一致原则一、语法一致原则语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1.由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。

如：What I bought were three English books.What I say and do is （are）helpful to you.2.若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物或同一概念时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。

如：The writer and artist has come. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.3.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no， each， every ，more than a （an）/one ，many a （an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.No boy and no girl likes it.Every pen and every book _____________ ( lay ) on the desk already.No bird and no beast ______ (be) seen in the bare island.Many a boy and many a girl ______ (have) made such a funny experiment.3.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like，as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。

如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She， like you and Tom， is very tall.A professor, together with some students, _____ (be) sent to help in the work. No one but the teachers _____ (be) allowed to use the room.4. either， neither， each， every 或no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。

如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意：（1）在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。

如：Neither of the texts is （are） interesting.（2）若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。

如：None of us has （have） been to America.5. 在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

如：He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。

这些词有family, class, crowd,committee, population,audience等。

如：Class Four is on the third floor.Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意：people， police， cattle等名词一般都用作复数。

如：The police are looking for the lost child.My family _____ (be) a big family.My family _____ (be) listening to the radio.The police ____ (be) trying to catch the thief.7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。

如：There are a lot of people in the classroom.The rest of the lecture is wonderful.50% of the students in our class are girls.注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。

8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。

如：There comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result. Such are the facts.二、逻辑意义一致原则逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。

1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。

如：Which is your bag？ Which are your bags？All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。

如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。

如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。

如：One and a half apples is left on the table.5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。

如：Twelve plus eight is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6、a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。

如：A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.三、就近一致原则在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

1. 当两个主语由either …… or， neither …… nor， whether …… or ……， not only …… but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。

如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right.Is neither he nor they wholly right？2.there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。

如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。

如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。

如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.练习(1) Not only his children but also he himself ____________(want) to go there .(2) Either my wife or I ___________(go)to work there .3)There ____a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.(4)Here ____some envelopes and paper for you..(5)Not only his family but also he _____ (喜欢）Chaplin’s movies.(6)You or I ____ going to receive them this afternoon.7)They, together with Tom , _______ going to swim this afternoon .(be)8) No one but your parents _____ there then .(be)9) He, like you and your brother, ________ very clever. (be)10) The teacher, including his students, _______going to see Professor Tell. (be)11) Mary, together with his sisters ________ gone back.(have)12)A journalist and author _____(live)in the house.13)A lot of students _________ waiting outside .(be)14)More than 70 percent of the surface ___(be) covered by water .15)The rest of the money ___________ (belong) to you .16)None of the books _________ easy enough for us.(be)17)None of the money _______ paid to me.(be)18)A man who ________(think) only himself can never be happy.19)He is not one of those who _________ (bow) before difficulties.20)He is one of the students who ________(be) modest.21)He is the only one of the students who ____________(be) modest.22)To say it _________(be) one thing , to do it is another.23)What he says and what he does __________(do)not agree.24)Early to go to bed and early to rise __________(make) a man healthy, wealthy and wise.。