Digital Booklet - Game Of Thrones_ S
雅思听力场景词汇精华版
IELTS Listening VocabularyScene 1: Accommodation 住宿location 位置 考点 layout 布局 type of house 房屋类型 facilities 房屋设施 信息 Newspaper Advertisement/Ads 广告 House Agency 房屋中介 city centre 市中心 downtown 商业中心区 urban 城市的 位置 street 街道 avenue 大道 road 路 lane 小路小巷 flat (英) 公寓 apartment (美) 公寓 类型 studio flat/apartment 单居室公寓 hall(s) of residence (英) 学校公寓 dormitory/dorm (美) 学生宿舍 youth hostel 青年旅店 house agent 房屋代理人 人 landlord 房东 landlady 女房东 facilities 设施 lobby 大堂大厅 lounge 公共休息室 entrance gate/hall 入口 foyer 休息室、门厅 garden 花园 yard 围绕建筑物的一块场地 attic 阁楼 设施 balcony 阳台 basement 地下室 garage 车库 radio(s) 收音机 stereo 立体声音响 lamp 台灯 digital camera 数码相机 lift(英)elevator(美)电梯 furnished 配备家具的 饮食 vegetarian 素食者 n./a. take-away 外卖 homestay 家庭寄宿 host family 寄宿家庭 friendly faces 住在当地人家里 en suite 带独立卫浴设备的宿舍 standard suite 标准套间 bedsit 小套房(卧室兼起居室) property owner 业主 tenant 房客，租客 flatmate 同公寓房客 refrigerator(fridge) 冰箱 air-conditioner 空调 water heater 热水器 shower 淋浴 radiator 电暖炉 stove 炉灶 microwave oven 微波炉 flashlight 电筒 kitchen curtain 厨房窗帘 cabinet 橱柜 drawer 抽屉 cot 轻便小床 bed sheet 床单 blanket 毛毯 carpet 地毯 cushion 沙发靠垫 towel 浴巾毛巾 meal times 就餐时间 weekdays/workdays 周一至五 environment 环境 contact 联系方式 rental price 房租价格 rules and regulations 规则,规定 Accommodation Office 宿舍管理办公室 social network 社会网络 suburb 郊区 rural 农村的 outskirts 外围地区，郊外 countryside 乡下，农村 village 村庄 cottage 小屋，村舍Compiled By Chen Qian1not near the railway station 离火车站远 问题 far from the bus stop 离汽车站远 near the airport 离机场近 lock 锁 规定 front door key 前门钥匙 emergency, fire door 消防通道 maximum rent 最高租金 minimum rent 最低租金 费用 rental price 租金价格 refundable deposit 可退还的押金 hire furniture 租家具 week by week/ per week / weekly 付款 cash 现金 by cheque/check 支票insect 昆虫 shared kitchen 公用厨房 have no privacy 没有隐私 no smoking/drinking/pets allowed 禁止吸烟/喝酒/养宠物 be allergic to 对…过敏 laundry charges 洗衣费 water/electricity/power/telephone bill 水费/电费/电话账单 personal property insurance 个人财产保险 by credit card 信用卡 Master Card 万事达卡 Visa Card 维萨卡Compiled By Chen Qian2Scene 2: Food & Diet 饮食College Dining Room/Hall 学校餐厅 Riverside Restaurant 河边餐厅 seafood restaurant 海鲜餐厅 Place self-service restaurant 自助餐厅 café 咖啡馆, 小餐馆（不供酒水） cafeteria [美]自助食堂[餐馆] school cafeteria 学校食堂/自助餐厅 buffet lunch 自助餐 cater 提供饮食及服务 Drinks drinks and snacks 饮料和零食 refreshment 茶点，点心 alcoholic beverages 含酒精的饮料 cater 提供饮食及服务 regular dinner 套餐 snack 快餐，零售 mid-morning snacks (上午)间食 appetizer/starter 开胃小吃 soup 汤 side dishes 副菜 main course 主菜 Food dessert/after-dinner snacks 饭后甜点 French / Italian cuisine 法国/意大利菜 vegetarian 素食主义者 red meat (pork, lamb, mutton, beef) 红肉（猪肉、羔羊肉、羊肉、牛肉等） white meat(fish, chicken, duck) 白肉 (鱼肉、鸡肉、鸭肉等) meat and cheese 肉类和奶酪 junk food 垃圾食品 hot (味道)剌激性的, 辛辣的 Description spicy辛辣的 greasy 油腻的 Item kitchen utensils 厨房器皿 cutlery 餐具 pay the bill 付账的 Payment split the bill 平均分担费用 go Dutch AA 制 by credit card 信用卡付账 change 零钱 tips 小费 tasty美味的，可口的 delicious 美味的 low nutrition 低营养 knife and fork 刀和叉 tea and coffee 茶和咖啡 mineral water 矿泉水 fruit juice 果汁 coke cola 可乐 hamburger 汉堡包 vegetable burger 蔬菜堡 take-away 外卖 hot dog 热狗 sandwich 三明治 pizza 披萨 fish and chips 炸鱼加炸土豆片 sauce调味汁, 酱汁 vinegar 醋 flour 面粉 lentil curry 小扁豆咖喱 garlic大蒜 salad 沙拉 nut(s) 干果, 坚果 chocolate 巧克力 coffee shop 咖啡店 pub 酒吧 drive-in restaurant 免下车餐馆 bakery 面包店 pizzeria 比萨饼店 snack bar 小吃店 tavern 客栈Compiled By Chen Qian3Scene 3: Travel(l)ing 旅游主要考察地名(distance from nearest city),行政区划,人口(population),语言,风土人情,有利 考点 和不利因素 (advantage/disadvantage),吸引人之处(attraction) ,气候和天气(climate/weather： wet and windy, cold and wet, rainy, cloudy.) tour 旅行, 观光 tourism 旅游业 trip 短途旅行 voyage 航行, 航海 cruise乘船巡游 活动 hiking 徒步旅行 banquet 宴会 feast 盛宴 picnic 野餐 camping 野营 barbecue 烧烤 leisure time 空闲时间 relaxation 消遣，娱乐 unwind yourself 放松自己 recreation means 娱乐方式 travel agency 旅行社 package tour 跟团旅游 self-organized expedition 自助游 穿着 walking boots 步行靴 wading boots 涉水靴 stout boots 结实的靴子 携带物品 passport 护照 准备 visa 签证 fishing gear 钓具 double-grill 双层烤架 booklet 小册子 make a reservation 预定 book the ticket 预定票 confirm a reservation 确定定位 cancel one’s reservation 取消定位 first come, first reservation 先到先服务原则 fare 票价 toll 通行费 saver ticket 优惠票 open ticket 开放机票 one-way ticket 单程票 round-trip ticket 往返票Landscapeswimming 游泳 jogging 慢跑 excursion 远足 cycling 骑自行车 mountain climbing 登山 hot air ballooning 乘坐热气球 rafting 漂流 skiing 滑雪 water skiing 滑水 rowing划船，赛艇运动 plan the route 计划路线 itinerary 旅程, 行程 schedule 时间表；明细表 planner 计划(表) emergency contact person 紧急联系人comfortable clothes/trousers 舒适的衣服 sandal [`sændl] 凉鞋 sun glasses 太阳眼镜 book of local history 当地历史书 entrance fee 门票 insurance 保险 safety helmet 安全帽 souvenir 纪念品 tourist brochure 游客手册 timetable 时刻表 airport tax 机场税 duty-free shop 免税店 vacant seat 空座 excess change 超重 direct/ non-stop flight 直达航班 connecting-flight 转机 layover/ stopover 中途停留 check in 办理登记手续 driving license 驾照 expire （信用卡，护照）过期 cave 洞穴 fossil 化石4art gallery 画廊，艺术馆 education exhibition 教育展风景Compiled By Chen Qianexhibition of instruments 乐器展 historical/ art/science/natural/ museum 历史、艺术、科学、自然博物馆 concert hall 音乐厅 cathedral总教堂, 大教堂 church 教堂 castle 城堡 palace 宫殿 coastal area 沿海地区 eastern beach 东海岸 harbour/harbor海港 theme garden 主题花园 backyard (yard) <美>后花园 department store 百货商店 family ticket 家庭套票 children 人 kid 儿童 elder 长辈 the old 老人 hotel 宾馆 住宿 motel 汽车旅馆 youth hostel 青年旅社 free transportation 免费运送 one-way ticket 单程票 round trip ticket 往返票 rush hour 交通高峰期 vehicle 车辆 交通 wheel 方向盘，车轮 ferry 轮渡 flight 航班 bus route 公车路线 mini-sized coach 长途汽车 bicycle 自行车 motorcycle 摩托车 其他 safety regulations 安全规章ancient temple 古庙 silent island 孤岛 tower 塔 outdoor activities 户外活动 forest area森林地带 wildlife 野生动植物 safari park 野生动物园 tropical rainforest 热带雨林 creek 小溪 Central Park 中心公园 Stonehenge 巨石阵 Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁 Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院 Tower of London 伦敦塔 passenger 旅客 shopper 购物者 commuter 通勤者 tourist 游客 thief 小偷 B&B (bed and breakfast) cottage 小屋 trolley 电车 tram 有轨电车 steam engine ship 蒸汽船 cable car 缆车 wheelchair 轮椅 double-decker bus 双层公共汽车 coach/ motor coach 长途汽车 trolleybus 无轨电车 tramcar, streetcar 有轨电车 tube/subway/underground/Metro 地铁 driving/driver’s license 驾照 helmet 头盔 民宿Compiled By Chen Qian5Scene 4: Health 健康catch a cold 感冒 cough 咳嗽 症状 Symptom fever 发烧 dizzy 头晕 headache 头痛 stomachache 胃痛 toothache 牙痛 epidemic 流行病 疾病 Disease influenza 流感 heart disease 心脏病 injury 损伤 wound 伤口 disabled 肢体残疾的 Medical Center 医疗中心 Health Center 健康中心 private clinic 私人诊所 医院及医生 make an appointment 预约 surgeon 外科医生 physician 内科医生 oculist / eye doctor 眼科医生 dentist 牙医 head 头 forehead 额头 eyes 眼睛 身体 nose 鼻子 mouth 嘴 ear 耳朵 neck 脖子, 颈部 arm 手臂 precaution/prevention 预防 take one ‘s temperature 量体温 治疗 Treatment take one’s blood pressure 量血压 feel one’s pulse 量脉搏 to prescribe/ give a prescription 开处方 take medicine or pills 吃药 get/have/receive an injection 打针 chemist’s 药店，药房 antibiotics 抗生素 药物 aspirin 阿斯匹林 pain killer 止痛片 penicillin 盘尼西林 mental 精神的 其他 physical 肉体的 beats 跳动的次数 vet 兽医 psychiatric psychiatrist nurse 护士 patient 患者, 病人 wrist 手腕 palm 手掌 finger 手指 chin, jaws 下巴 waist 腰部 heart 心脏 ankle 脚踝 slim 苗条的, 纤细的 have an operation 动手术 ambulance 救护车 therapy 理疗，疗法 relaxation therapy 放松疗法 recreaton therapy 娱乐疗法 psychotherapy 精神疗法，心理疗法 physical therapy 理疗 pill，tablet 药片，药丸 vitamin 维他命 capsule 胶囊 ointment 药膏 vaccine 疫苗 cycle 循环 blood flow 血流 a.精神病的； n.精神病学家 private practice 私人诊所 General Practioner/ GP 全科医师 tropical disease 热带病 yellow fever 黄热病 chest infection 胸部发炎 decayed teeth 蛀牙 eyesight 视力 sore throat 嗓子疼 stuffed nose 鼻子不通 stiff neck 脖子发僵 allergic 过敏的 insomnia 失眠 drowsiness 嗜睡，睡意Compiled By Chen Qian6Scene 5: Social Life 社会生活Sports Activities Town Hall 市政厅 Main Hall 主厅 地点 Fitness Center 健身中心 Sports Hall 体育馆 gym 健身房, 运动场 stadium 露天体育场 personal trainer /PT 私人教练 instructor 教练 人 coach 教练 team leader 领队 judge 评委 interest 爱好 hobby 嗜好 taste 爱好 bowling 保龄球 活动 bowling alley 保龄球道 football 橄榄球 soccer 英式足球 hunting 打猎 hiking 远足 Shopping retail pattern 零售模式 shopping mall/center 购物中心 department store 百货商店 general store杂货店，综合商店 grocery store 食品商店 reasonable price 合理的价格 free parking lot 免费停车场 Movie movie theater 电影院 comedy 喜剧 tragedy 悲剧 documentary 纪录片 Party fancy dress 晚会服装；奇装异服 fancy party 化妆舞会 decoration balloons 装饰气球 toy 玩具 film festival 电影节 guest宾客 waiter / waitress (男/女)服务生 cartoon 卡通片 science fiction movie 科幻片 literary film 故事片 headphone头戴式耳机 bookshop 书店 shopping online 网上购物 website网站, 网址 counter（商店、银行等的）柜台 shop assistant售货员 item 项目/货品/东西 e.g. single item 单件物品 fitness club 健身俱乐部 soccer club 足球俱乐部 walking club 徒步旅行俱乐部 tennis club 网球俱乐部 chess club 国际象棋俱乐部 golf club 高尔夫俱乐部 referee/umpire 裁判员 sportsman 男运动员 membership 会员资格； gym membership 健身房会员 annual membership fee 年会费 cycling 骑自行车 tennis 网球 squash 壁球 surfing 冲浪 roller-skating 旱冰 water-skiing 滑水 swimming 游泳 yoga 瑜珈 weight training 力量训练Compiled By Chen Qian7dress code 着装要求 costume服装, 女装 formal clothes 正装 casual clothes 休闲装 服装 comfortable clothes 舒适的衣服 dark/black trousers 深色/黑色裤子 black skirt 黑色短裙 blue sweater 蓝色毛衣 school uniform 校服 party wear 晚宴装 Industry forestry industry 林业 mining industry 矿业 energy industry 能源业 fishing industry 渔业 insurance company 保险公司 Working employment 就业，职业 unemployment 失业 employ 雇佣 employer 雇主 employee 雇员 staff 全体职员 the role of staff 员工的角色 director 主任、董事、导演 accountant 会计师 shop manager 店长 senior manager 高层管理者 engine 发动机 engineer 工程师 cleaner 保洁员 customer 顾客 colleague 同事 vacancy 空缺 recruit method 招聘方法 salary/payment 薪水/报酬 Banking 人 账户 cashier 收银员 teller 银行职员 domestic bank 国内银行 oversea bank 国外银行 commercial bank 商业银行 merchant bank 商业银行 bank book/pass book 存折 open a bank account 开户casual/leisure wear 休闲服 sportswear 运动装 uniform 制服 suit一套衣服, 西装 swimming suit 游泳衣 silver cloth 银布 clothing 服装 jeans 牛仔服 sandal 凉鞋 spare socks 备用袜子 agriculture/agricultural farming products 农产品 wetland 沼泽地，湿地 marsh 沼泽 black velvet 黑天鹅绒，材料名 charitable organization 慈善组织 tourism organizaiton 旅游组织 co(-)operation合作 co(-)coperative 合作的, 协作的 corporation crime 公司/集团犯罪 violent crime 暴力犯罪 royal commission 英国皇家调查委员会 economic growth 经济增长 population growth 人口增长 British Council 英国文化协会 city council 城市委员会 (vs. counsel) geography trip 地理考察 subcommittee 小组委员会 welfare department 福利部门 flexible working time 弹性工作时间 position 位置，职位 extension 分机，延期 shift work 倒班 day/night work 白/晚班 accountant 会计 savings account 储蓄存款帐户 current account 活期存款帐户 check/cheque account 支票帐户 deposit account 定期存款帐户 monthly savings account 按月计息帐户 daily interest account 按天计息帐户8Compiled By Chen Qianopening sum 开户金额 current account balance 现金帐户余额 type of account 账户类型 fill out/in an application form 填申请表 申请 name date of birth address telephone (home & work) occupation 职业 type of account valid identity certificate 有效身份证明 security 担保人，保证金 bank statement 对账单 earn interest 赚取利息 annual interest rate 年利率 apply for a loan 申请贷款 grant a loan 批准贷款 low-interest loan 低息贷款 no-interest loan 无息贷款 instant account 速成户头 signature card 签名卡 draw/withdraw 提款 service charge 服务费/手续费 four in hundred 四张一百元面额 give the money in fives/tens 费用 换成五元或十元面额 coin 硬币 penny(单) pence (复) 便士 nickel（美、加）的五分硬币 dime（美、加）的十分硬币joint account 联名帐户 expense account 公款支付帐户 order check/cheque 记名支票 rubber check/cheque 空头支票 blank check/cheque 空白支票 traveler’s check/cheque 旅行支票 exchange rate 汇率 password/code 密码 full refund 全额偿还 extension 延期 overdraw/overdraft 透支 rebate 回扣 payday 发薪日 pay slip/envelop 薪水单 mortgage 抵押 by installment 分期付款 debt 债务 collateral 担保物 chquebook/checkbook 支票簿 money order 汇票 A.T.M 自动取款机 bill 钞票 change 零钱 cash 现金 unit 货币单位 value/worth 面值 ounce 盎司 1/16 磅 amount in figures 小写金额 amount in words 大写金额Compiled By Chen Qian9Scene 6: Education 教育major 主修 minor 副修 subject 学科 curriculum 课程 Arts 文科 fine arts 美术 Science 理科 School of Arts and Sciences 文理学院 Applied Mathematics 应用数学 Accountancy/Accounting 会计学 Architecture 建筑学 Anthropology 人类学 Astronomy 天文学 学科 Astrology 占星术 Archaeological 考古学的 Biology 生物学 Banking Chemistry 化学 chemistry lab 化学实验室 Computer Science 计算机专业 Engineering 工程(学) Economics 经济学 Environmental Science 环境学 Education 教育学 Finance 金融学 Geography 地理 geographical adj.地理学的 geographic location 地理位置 President Chancellor Dean 系主任 Secretary 秘书 人 Associate Professor 副教授 Lecturer 讲师, Instructor 讲师 Supervisor 导师 Tutor 导师 Support Tutor 助教 Teaching Assistant (T.A.) 助教 Am. 校长 En.(大学/名誉)校长 Student Adviser 学生顾问/辅导员 Senior Advisor 资深督导师 Counselor 顾问，指导老师 Coordinator 协调员 international/overseas student 国际学生 freshman 大学一年级学生 sophomore 大学二年级学生 junior 大学三年级学生 senior 大学四年级学生 candidate 候选人，求职者 applicant 申请者 representative 代表，代理人 History 历史 economic history 经济学史 historian n.历史学家 historical a. International Business 国际商务 Journalism 新闻学 Linguistics 语言学 Literature 文学 Law 法学 Microbiology 微生物学 Money Management 理财课 Time Management 时间管理课 Stress Management 压力管理课 Space Management 空间管理课 Mass Media 大众传播 Modern Languages 现代语言 Politics 政治 Physical Education=PE 体育 Physiology 生理学 Psychology 心理学 psychological course 心理学课程 psychologist 心理学家 patients 患者 Philosophy 哲学 Statistics 统计学 Sociology 社会学Principal 校长Compiled By Chen Qian10orientation 新生入学，新生报到 orientation meeting 迎新会 welcome package 入学或旅游时收到的欢迎辞 新生入学 registration 注册 enroll 报名 enrollment fee 报名费 surroundings 环境 history of school 学校历史 semester/ term 学期 curriculum 课程 extra-curriculum 课外 课程 resume 个人简历 CV=Curriculum vitae 个人简历 compulsory course 必修课 optional / selective course 选修课 exemption 免修课 lecture 大班授课 lecturer 讲师 tutorial 小班辅导课 授课 attendance rate 出勤率 presentation 论文陈述,课堂发言 seminar 学术研讨 workshop 专题讨论会 group discussion 小组讨论 pressure / stress 压力 social problems social network disruption 社交圈 new surroundings 新环境 a balanced diet 均衡饮食 take regular exercise 有规律练习 assignment 作业 coursework 作业 case study 案例研究 essay 短文 short report 报告 study diary 学习日记 course feedbacks 课程反馈 evaluation 评估 assessment methods 考核方法 paper 论文 essay 短文 论文 thesis 硕士/专题论文 dissertation 博士论文 theme of project 项目主题 subject 研究对象 -faculty [美](大学或学院的)全体教职员；系 the students and faculty 全院师生 the faculty of theology 神学系 achievements 成就 buildings and functions 建筑及功能 culture 文化 rules and regulations 规章制度 problem-solving 问题解决 beginning course 入门课程 basic course 基础课 intermediate course 中级课程 advanced course 高级课程 intensive course 强化课 session 学期; (进行某活动连续的)一段时间 general English course 实用英语课程 academic English 学术英语 field trip 实地考察旅行 cassette recorder 卡带式录音机 tape recorder 磁带录音机 videotape 录像带 projector 投影仪 photocopier 复印机 printer 打印机 scanner 扫描仪 financial problems 经济问题 academic problems 学术问题 drop a course 退选一门课 dropout 辍学问题-评估exam 考试 open exam 开卷考试 closed exam 闭卷 failure 不及格 resit 重考 mark/score 分数 grade 年级，成绩 A plus record 记录，学习成绩; credit (point)学分 (academic) transcript 成绩单 research methods 搜集数据的方式 interview 采访 observation 实地观察 questionnaire 问卷调查 gather/collect data 收集数据 analysis 分析11Compiled By Chen Qiantopic/title of essay 论文题目 project outline 项目大纲 essay plan 论文计划 abstract 摘要 summary report 摘要报告 summarize 总结 objective 目标，目的 research 调查，研究 investigation 调查，研究 survey 调查 checklist 清单，一览表statistics 统计数据 common sense 常识 hypothesis 假设 reference 参考书目 bibliography 参考文献目录 introduction 引言 review of literature 文献综述 previous studies 采用前人的研究 theoretical background 理论背景 theoretical framework 理论架构 research findings 研究结果Compiled By Chen Qian12passport photos 护照照片 item: book librarian 图书管理员 delivery desk 借书台 library/admission card 借书卡 call slip 借书证 international system 网络系统 open shelves 开架书库 图书馆 close shelves 闭架书库 classification 分类 category 种类 catalog 目录 reference 参考书目 bibliography 参考书目 periodical 期刊 current issue 现刊 back issue 过期期刊 毕业 certificate 毕业证，结业证 diploma 毕业证，大专文凭 commencement 毕业典礼pink slip 代书板，(美)解雇通知书 reference stacks 书库 in circulation 在书库里 out circulation 已借出 not for circulation 不外借 closed reserve 只读不借 photocopy 影印，复印 reserve 预借 book in advance check out 登记借出 date of expiry 期限 renew renewal due 到期 overdue 过期 pay fines 交罚金 Bachelor’s degree 学士学位 Master’s degree 硕士学位 Doctor’s degree 博士学位 PHD=Doctor of Philosophy（哲学）博士 v .续借 n. 续借recall 收回、召回Compiled By Chen Qian13Scene 7: Environment 地理环境atmosphere 大气 atmospheric components 大气成分 气 air quality 空气质量 oxygen 氧气 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 gas 气体，煤气，汽油 pollution 污染 contamination 污染 污染 contaminant 污染物 contaminated land 污染的土地 contaminated soil 污染的土壤 rubbish 垃圾 garbage can 垃圾箱 waste disposal 垃圾处理 drop-off site 垃圾投放处 atmospheric pollution 大气污染 greenhouse effect 温室效应 现象 global warming 全球变暖 temperature 温度 - 10℃: 10 degrees centigrade wind erosion 风蚀 coal 煤 mine 矿，矿山 firewood 木柴，柴火 oil 汽油，油类 petrol 汽油 资源/材料 solar energy 太阳能 wind energy 风能 wind force 风力 electric power 电力 freshwater resources 淡水资源 conservation of freshwater 淡水保护 marine ecosystems 海洋生态系统 海洋 marine pollution 海洋污染 ocean temperature 海洋温度 living marine resources 海洋生物资源 nature conservation 自然保护 eco-development 生态发展 发展 renewable resources 可再生资源 cost-benefit 成本-效益 development cooperation 发展合作 development planning 发展计划 人口 human settlements 人类居住 environmental indicators 环境指标 social surveys 社会调查 status of development 发展状况 sustainable development 可持续发展 environmental economic issues 环境经济问题 minorities 少数民族14rainfall 降雨 acid rain 酸雨 fog 雾 evaporate v. 蒸发 evaporation n. 蒸发plastic collection 回收塑料 recycling material 回收材料 sewage 污水 sewer 下水道 soil 土壤 stone 石头，石料 caves 洞穴 bacteria 细菌 viruses 病毒 seismic activity 地震活动 solar radiation 太阳辐射 volcano eruption 火山喷发 tides 潮,潮汐 flood 洪水 drought control 抗旱 natural resources 自然资源 mineral resources 矿产资源 natural drainage systems 自然排水系统 water treatment 水处理 electric power plants 发电厂 nuclear power plants 核电站 nuclear fuels 核燃料 turbine (涡)轮机, 叶轮机, 汽轮机 fiberglass 玻璃纤维,玻璃丝 timber 木材, 木料 organic fiber 有机纤维 coastal ecosystems 沿海生态系统 coastal environments 沿海环境 coastal erosion 海岸侵蚀Compiled By Chen Qianhuman migration 人类迁居 human population 人口 human rights 人权 population shift 人口迁移 Geography 行政区 county state cost of living 优缺点 crime pace of life agriculture 农业 manufacturing 制造业 产业 processing 加工业 farming 农业，畜牧业 sheep and cattle 羊和牛 weather 天气 climate 气候 天气和气候 climatic issues 气候问题 humid / wet 潮湿的 humidity 湿度 语言 language 语言 accent 口音，重音race relations 种族关系 lifestyles/ life-styles 生活方式 urban area 城市地区 coastal area 沿海地区 province town interesting boring dull fishing 渔业 wine-making 酿酒 transportation 交通 printing 印刷业 electronics 电子行业 windy 有风的 rainy 有雨的 snowy 有雪的 cloudy 多云的 dialect 方言Compiled By Chen Qian15Scene 8: Animals & Plants 动植物动物 lion 狮子 goat 山羊 sheep (绵)羊 陆 kangaroo 袋鼠 koala 树袋熊 zebra 斑马 elephant 大象 crocodile 鳄鱼 海 shark 鲨 dolphin 海豚 空 falcon 猎鹰 pigeon 鸽子 creature 生物 认识植物 plant 植物 vegetation 植被 root 根 stem 茎（植物） stalk 茎（草或花） 类 trunk 干 branch 树枝 bought 粗枝 twig 细枝 bloom 开花植物 fruit tree 果树 blossom 果花 flower vase 花瓶 artificial flowers 人造花 rose 玫瑰 种类 cabbage 圆白菜,卷心菜 radish 萝卜 garlic 大蒜 onion 洋葱 red pepper 辣椒 spinach 菠菜 carrot 胡萝卜 cucumber 黄瓜 树木 shrub 灌木 wood 木材 species in rare animal area 其它 稀有动物的种类 捕猎 hunting tomato 西红柿 potato 马铃薯 melon 香瓜 bean 菜豆 watermelon 西瓜 pumpkin 南瓜 strawberry 草莓 wild berry 野草莓 pear 梨子 grape 葡萄 peach 桃子 mushroom 蘑菇 lettuce 莴苣，生菜 lentil 小扁豆 oak tree 橡树 ivy 常春藤 保护区 protected areas 受保护的物种 protected species 生态平衡 ecological balance grass 草本植物 tree 木本植物 bamboo 竹子 leaf 叶子 fruit 果实 core 核 seed 种子 bud 发芽 flower 花朵 owl 猫头鹰 rhino 犀牛 ostrich 鸵鸟 bear 熊 wolf 狼 fox 狐 deer 鹿 bull 公牛 whale 鲸 hippos 河马植物 botany, plant scienceCompiled By Chen Qian16。
“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题05140精编版
2016“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time allowed: 22 minutes)Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes on the left with the people on the right. Please note there are two extra options you do not need to use.Questions 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards, laboratories and consulting rooms. In short, we need your help now. Complete the coupon today and rest assured that your donation is going to the best possible cause.4. Where is the piece of text taken from?A. an advertisementB. an instruction bookletC. a storyD. a newspaperQuestions 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Few corners of the world remain untainted by intrepid tourists, and their impact is often devastating. Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlife and local populations in their insatiable quest for unexplored locations.5. What is the best title for this text?A. The future of tourismB. The role of tourismC. The price of tourismD. The benefits of tourismQuestions 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Buying and selling anything is your forte now. If you visit a jumble or car-boot sale or the like, a romantic encounter is more than probable! News linked to the family is brilliant!6. What type of text is this?A. A personal advertisement.B. A personal horoscope.C. A friend’s letter of advice.D. A written warning.Questions 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.With our travel agency, the holiday you book is the holiday you get. If you arrive and find we’ve failed to live up to our promises, let us know what the problem is within one day of your arrival. We’ll spend 24 hours doing everything possible to sort the problem out. In the unlikely event that we can’t resolve your problem and make you happy within 24 hours, we’ll fly you home and give your money back.7. The text could best be described as __________.A. a commitmentB. an appealC. a warningD. a vowQuestions 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use. They let you review your pictures the moment you take them, so you can re-shoot right away if you’re not satisfied. But remember, a digital camera is just a computer XXXX. It’s not a replacement for your ordinary camera.8. What is the meaning of the missing word (XXXX) in the text?A. “something that is poor quality”B. “an item that is not essential, something extra”C. “something expensive but good value for money”D. “a fashion which always remains popular”Questions 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.She had gone alone, but the children were to go to the station to meet her. And loving the station as they did, it was only natural that they should be there a good hour before there was any chance of Mother’s train arriving, even if the train were punctual, which was most unlikely.9. What can you say about their mother’s train?A. It would probably be early.B. It would probably be on time.C. It would probably be late.D. It had been cancelled.Question 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the number and proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions, from 1990¬1992 to 2014¬2016. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report201510. Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart.A.Current estimates suggest that nearly one in nine individuals do not haveenough to eat between 2014 and 2016.B.Projections indicate that the 2015 MDG target is nearly reached, with 12.9per cent of undernourished population.C.The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, but wentdown in the first five years of the new millennium.D.The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions hasfallen by almost half since 1990.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time allowed: 38 minutes)Question 11-12 (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes)Directions: Read the definitions of two types of logical fallacy. Answer the11. Which of the following provides a typical example of poisoning the well?A. That’s my stance on funding the education system, and anyone whodisagrees with me hates children.B. You are so weird. That means—we are pretty much sure—that your wholefamily is weird, too.C. God exists because the Bible says so. The Bible is inspired. Therefore, weknow that God exists.D. I don’t care what you say. We don’t need any more bookshelves. As long asthe carpet is clean, we are fine.12. Which of the following provides a typical example of a false dilemma?A. Smoking is harmful to health, so you are supposed to quit smoking.B. If the government doesn’t reduce public spending, our economy will collapse.C. You may as well avoid overeating, or else you might be obese in no time.D. You are the worst of the classmates; therefore, what you say is incredible. Questions 13 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about syllogism. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalid based on the principles of syllogism.Syllogism is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. It is perha ps today’s most commonly accepted form of logical reasoning in aptitude tests. The most commonly used type of syllogisms is elucidated in a frequently used example:Premise 1: All men are mortal.Premise 2: Socrates is a man.Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.Now practice syllogisms for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesn’t necessarily represent the “truth” always.13. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: All human action is conditioned by circumstances.Premise 2: All human action involves morality.Conclusion: All that involves morality is conditioned by circumstances. Questions 14 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about contraposition. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalid based on the principles of contraposition.In logic, contraposition is a law that says that a conditional statement is logically equivalent to its contrapositive. The contrapositive of the statement has its antecedent and consequent inverted and flipped. The most commonly used type of contraposition is elucidated in the following example:Premise 1: If it is raining, then there are clouds in the sky.Premise 2: There are no clouds in the sky.Conclusion: It is not raining.Now practice contraposition for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesn’t necessarily represent the “truth” always.14. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: If he is not an American, he is not from Texas.Premise 2: He is from Texas.Conclusion: He is an American.Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a science discovery. Answer the questions according to the text.Manipulating MemoryMemory is notoriously malleable. Our recollections fadeand take on new meanings; sometimes we rememberthings that never even happened. But 15 .Recently, however, scientists have started to grasp andtinker with memory’s physical basis. Last year, i n workevocative of films such as Eternal Sunshine of the SpotlessMind and Inception, researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories in mice using optogenetics, a powerful technique that can trigger nerve cells in animals’ brains by zapping t hem with beams of laser light. In a series of experiments, they showed that they could delete existing memories and “incept” false ones.This year, researchers went even further: switching the emotional content of a memory in mice from bad to good and vice versa. Under the laser, for example, male mice that had once associated a certain room with being shocked were tricked into acting as though they had once met friendly female mice there instead.Whether the mice in these experiments actually experienced vivid false memories or just a fuzzy sense of pleasure or fear is unclear. Nor is it clear whether the findings apply to the tricks of memory so familiar to people. Long-sought therapeutic advances, such as treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder, could remain far off. One thing is certain, however: Once considered beyond scientific dissection, memory is finally starting to yield its secrets.15. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the passage?A.what is really happening in our brain as memories are remodeled remainsmysteriousB.scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what havehappened to themC.advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings of ourbrainD.some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is notwhat it really is16. The word “incept” is closest in meaning to ________.A. operateB. startC. detectD. occupy17. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.People’s false memories result from the impact of different emotionprovoked by later experience on the same spot.B.The success in research indicates that it won’t be long that a therapy isworked out for people disturbed by painful memory.C.By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are able to create,erase, or alter their memories, good or bad.D.Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on themactually draw greatly upon scientific achievement.Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following passage about cholera. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the passage.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholera is caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Approximately one in 20 people infected with cholera has a serious case, with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock, and can result in death within hours if the infected person doesn’t receive treatment. Cholera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water. In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water, the feces of people with cholera can enter the water supply and spread quickly, resulting in an epidemic. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in some coastal waters, so shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas.18. Cholera is known to be a life-threatening disease which easily causes death of most of the patients.True ( ) False ( )19. Cholera typically occurs in areas near the sea or the river where contaminated food is a major source of the disease.True ( ) False ( )Questions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the abstract of a research paper from the DeepMind website. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the abstract.Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendAuthors: K. M. Hermann, T. Kočiský, E. Grefenstette, L. Espeholt, W. Kay, M. Suleyman, P. BlunsomPublished: NIPS 2015Abstract: Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale training and test datasets have been missing for this type of evaluation. In this work we define a new methodology that resolves this bottleneck and provides large scale supervised reading comprehension data. This allows us to develop a class of attention based deep neural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal prior knowledge of language structure.20. Previous studies didn’t take constant effort to evaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligence machines, which was why the present research was conducted.True ( ) False ( )21. One implication of the research is that a methodology that helps gather and handle big data is indispensible to artificial intelligence related studies.True ( ) False ( )Questions 22-23 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about the “Think small” advertising campaign. Answer the questions according to the passage.Think SmallI f you’re interested in marketing and advertising, Volkswagen’s “Think small” campaign for the Beetle when it was first introduced to North America in 1959 looms large as one of the greatest advertising campaigns of all time. It wasn’t just a revolution in automotive advertising; it changed the entire industry.Until the Beetle hit the market, automotive marketing copy was full of bluster, and the images were flights of fancy, emphasizing low, long lines and a fantasy lifestyle.The clean, simple photography on a white background that emphasized the Beetle’s compact, practical form may seem commonplace these days, but it was a revolution in a world where Americans grew up obsessed with muscle cars,horsepower, and tire smoke. Making the car small,when the convention was to make it fill the page, wasalso novel. The simplistic approach to design andlayout was totally contrary to the advertisingconventions of the time.__ 22__ The text was minimalist in both look andcontent, presenting the facts simply instead of tryingto weave tall tales and fantasies; and instead ofbluster, it ushered in an intelligent sense of humorthat made readers feel like they were in on the joke.The message was one of smart anti-luxury, and took gentle aim at an industry obsessed with superficiality and styling, rather than the substance underneath the car bodies.Not only does “Think small” continue to inspire Volkswagen advertising to this day, it ushered in a creative revolution in the advertising business and changed the world of marketing forever. “Think small” showed the power of humo r and honesty, and its photographic and design principles brought about a major shift in the look and feel of marketing around the world.22. Which of the sentences below best fits the numbered space in the passage?A.What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone of itscopy.B.This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expect in acar ad.C.This was an exercise in minimalism and a very accurate reflection on theproduct itself.D.The car wasn’t depicted as an integral piece of the daily lives of a middleclass family.23. It can be inferred that the advertising conventions of the 1950s were reflected in the following except that ___________.A.the ads in the 1950s typically showed proud owners and passengersevoking great joy about new shiny big acquisitions.B.the marketing concept then focused on providing as much information aspossible to the reader such as the way it’s created.C.the marketing schemes associated the advertised product with an idea ora way of living from average consumers’ perspective.D.the marketing practice may attach importance to a sense of humorbrought by the use of exaggerated language.Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passages on the same subject. You will be required to identify the writer’s position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer’s arguments. (Time allowed: 30 minutes)Questions 24-35 (Suggested completion time: 30 minutes)Directions: Read three passages about fashion. Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AIt’s not that easy to answer the question, “what is fashion?” because it means different things to different people. Fashion is an art. It’s a religion. It’s a job. It’s a peek into a personality. It’s playfulness. It’s an escape or a disguise. It is a feast for the eyes. But ultimately, 25 . French fashion designer Coco Chanel once said, “Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening.”It’s true. Fashion isn’t defined solely by our clothing choices, but is also conveyed through the way we carry ourselves, our personalities and our views of the world. At its most fundamental, fashion is simply the prevailing style or custom, as in dress or behavior.So, who exactly answers the question “what is fashion”? Who decides what’s fashionable and what isn’t? What’s in or what’s out?Fashion Designers. The iconic fashion houses—Prada, Gucci, Chanel—are referred to as haute couture, French for “high sewing.” These designers lead the way in creating trend-setting fashion. While some of their designs are outrageous andcompletely unrealistic when it comes to everyday wear, generally the theme is adapted into versions suitable for wearing.Media. Fashion trends are often sparked by characters on popular television shows and movies as well as adopted from magazine pages. “Sex and the City,” “The Devil Wears Prada,” these shows introduced us to new, cutting-edge designs. While you might not be caught dead wearing a Carrie Bradshaw original, you might take ideas inspired from her look and piece together your own creation. Celebrities. A prime example of a celebrity-driven fashion trend? UGGs. Until Kate Hudson and Jessica Simpson were spotted wearing them around L.A. several years ago, no one had given any thought to UGG boots. Now they are everywhere.Musicians. Musicians have always been very influential when it comes to dictating fashion. Rock ‘n’ roll is fashion. Elvis is an iconic example. In the 1950s, everyone wanted to dress like Elvis. What about the heavy metal hair bands so popular in the 1980s? Axl Rose reinvented the head bandana while Poison, Motley Crue and Bon Jovi set the pace for big, rocker hair.Just because you don’t know if a Prada bag is fall 2007 or spring 2008 doesn’t matter. All that matters is that you like it and it’s an expression of you. That is fashion.Passage BFashion is more prevalent in modern society than in primitive tribes or peasant communities. The modern society is an open society where class distinctions are not so rigid as in primitive society. Its urban and mobile class structure enables people to cultivate individual taste and adopt new course. The modern society is more tolerant of differences and therefore places few shackles on the cycle of fashion. Our standards of judgment have also changed. Today the individual is rated more by observable externalities than by his ancestry, his character or his genuine accomplishments. The clothes a man wears, the language he speaks, the manners he shows have more weight in ascribing a status than his simplicity, patriotism and integrity.If he can keep himself up to date in the matters of his dress, speech and manners, he will assure himself a high social esteem. Not only the mobile and urban character of modern society but its affluence also speaks for greater prevalence of fashion in it. Men today are richer than their ancestors and have more leisure. They have the necessary means and time to play with luxuries and to think of fashion. Maclver writes: We do not think of fashion in overalls; there is more of fashion in the body of an automobile than in its chassis. There is no fashion in steam shovels. Consequently the higher the standard of living the more material there is for fashion to operate upon.Passage CAs summer has officially faded into the colder weather of autumn, I assumed the days of Nike shorts, comically large T-shirts and polos would be only a memory of yesterday. This has not been the case.Fashion, in and of itself, is already a type of conformism. In order to be considered fashion, a look, a garment or a stylistic choice must be deemed fashionable.Who gets to decide this—what is fashionable? While certain fashion heavyweights play a role in this decision, the ultimate decision is left to the public.As I was surfing the Web recently for inspiration for this column, I came across the Prada website. What I discovered literally caused me to gasp. Of course, everyone knows Prada is an expensive brand—a luxury—but what I discovered shocked me: a keychain priced at $180. No, this keychain was not solid gold or encased in diamonds. It was simply a keychain: a skull with the word “Prada” on a small charm.How can a company charge $180 for a keychain? The answer: people are willing to pay for it. People know the brand and conform to the idea of owning a piece of such an Italian “luxury.”This is nonsensical. Why do we choose to wear miniscule shorts in frigid weather or spend nearly $200 on a charm? Such decisions are influenced by peers, the media and the personal resolution to not make rational, individualistic choices. We cling to the idea of acceptance.In short, we often choose to abide by the pressures of social conventionality, and this leads us to make ridiculous selections—pairing Ugg boots with shorts or wearing neon with camouflage—which we would otherwise not make.I am certainly shamefaced in my occasional conformity to these ludicrous fashion folkways. I am guilty of donning Crocs in public. Yikes!Transient, often preposterous trends referred to as fads inspire some rather strange ideas. Who can recall the pet rocks of the ‘70s or Popples of the ‘80s? Such pop trends are not confined to behavior; they bleed into the fashion world, evidenced in overly distressed jeans, the most painful of neon shades, shoes that resemble Swiss cheese and a host of other fads I do not have the space to mention.I refuse to give up hope for societal common sense.One day we will comprehend that shorts are for the summer and ridiculously expensive keychains are for “never.” Do not allow others to dictate for you. Be bold. Be an individual. Do not buy the keychain.24. The phrase “might not be caught dead” in Passage A most probably means ______.A.would rather not die anywayB.might not be caught red handedC.would refuse completely to do somethingD.might be uneasy though doing something25. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in Passage A?A.fashion is an individual statement of expression for each of usB.fashion facilitates social change by providing a transitional stageC.fashion is not an individual choice but a group choiceD.fashion determines our speech, opinion, dress, music, art, etc.26. It can be inferred from Passage A that fashion designers, media, celebrities and musicians share the following views except ______.A.that fashion is anything but separated from the daily life of ordinarypeople.B.that nothing completely absurd and unrealistic can finally becomefashion.C.that fashion is what society accepts and has an element of social sanctionbehind it.D.tha t if a particular choice remains confined to an individual it can’t becalled fashion.27. The word “affluence” in Passage B is closest in meaning to ______.A. versatilityB. wealthinessC. peculiarityD. charisma28. According to Passage B, which of the following attributes may probably be more important than others for an individual to be favorably received now?A. A wide range of erudition.B. Loyalty to his or her friends.C. A passion for popular novels.D. Good virtues such as honesty.29. Which of the following is NOT true about the author’s attitude towards fashion according to Passage C?A.The author thinks it a waste of time mentioning a list of examples ofirrational fads.B.People are mad about fashion and therefore lose their own goodjudgment.C.The author never allows himself to be carried away by the fashion trends.D.Behind the behavior of keeping up with fashion is a need to stay in thecrowd.E.30-31. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the three passages.30. All the three passages agree that fashion plays a role in the interplay of class relations that it satisfies the contrary desires for novelty and for conformity.True ( ) False ( )31. None of the three passages are denying conventional social values in people’s judgment, for example, what’s considered good about things or people.True ( ) False ( )Part IV Read and CreateIn Part IV, you will read a passage and then write a short essay according to it. You should write with clarity and logic. (Time allowed: 40 minutes)Question 32 (Suggested completion time: 40 minutes)Directions: Read a passage from Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking the Truth in the Sciences. Write a short essay according to the passage.… And as a multitude of laws often only hampers justice, so that a state is best governed when, with few laws, these are rigidly administered; in like manner, instead of the great number of precepts of which logic is composed, I believed that the four following would prove perfectly sufficient for me, provided I took the firm and unwavering resolution never in a single instance to fail in observing them.The first was never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgment than what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all ground of doubt.The second, to divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible, and as might be necessary for its adequate solution.The third, to conduct my thoughts in such order that, by commencing with objects the simplest and easiest to know, I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence.And the last, in every case to make enumerations so complete, and reviews so general, that I might be assured that nothing was omitted.The long chains of simple and easy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to reach the conclusions of their most difficult demonstrations, had led me to imagine that all things, to the knowledge of which man is competent, are mutually connected in the same way, and that there is nothing so far removed from us as to be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we cannot discover it, provided only we abstain from accepting the false for the true, and always preserve in our thoughts the order necessary for the deduction of one truth from another. And I had little difficulty in determining the objects with which it was necessary to commence, for I was already persuaded that it must be with the simplest and easiest to know, and, considering that of all those who have hitherto sought truth in the sciences, the mathematicians alone have been able to find any demonstrations, that is, any certain and evident reasons, I did not doubt but that such must have been the rule of their investigations.32. Answer the topic questions with no less than 300 words. You should write in YOUR OWN words:What is the main issue that Descartes explores in this part of the text, and w hat’s his method? What’s your OWN understanding of the methods proposed by Descartes?。
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(C. Harris, J. Scheffer, D. Siegel) Crown Club Publishing/Warner-Chappell Music, Inc. (BMI)/JimiPub Music/EMI Blackwood Music, Inc. (BMI)/Warner-Tamerlane Music Corp. (BMI). Produced by Jim Jonsin for Rebel Rock Productions. Recorded by Robert Marks at The Hit Factory Criteria, Miami, FL. Assisted by Anthony Palazzole and Elliot Carter and Bradley “Dirt” Horne at Echo Studios, Atlanta, GA. Additional Recording by Elliot Carter and Bradley Horne at Echo Sounds, Atlanta, GA. Mixed by Robert Marks at Chung King Studios, New York, NY. Additional Keyboards by David Siegel. Additional Vocals by Ricco Barrino. Ricco Barrino appears courtesy of Grand Hustle Records. (C. Harris, N. Hills) Crown Club Publishing/Warner-Chappell Music, Inc. (BMI)/Danjahandz Musik/Warner Chappell Music, Inc. (BMI). Produced by Danja for Danjahandz Productions. Recorded by Elliott Carter at Echo Sounds, Atlanta, GA and Marcella “Ms. Lago” Araica at The Hit Factory Criteria, Miami, FL. Mixed by Marcella “Ms. Lago” Araica at Chalice Studios, Los Angeles, CA.
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Composed by Ni c k P h o e n i x , V o c a l s : A y a P e a r d , D r u m s : T a l B e r g m a n Composed by Ni c k P h o e n i x Composed by Th o m a s B e r g e r s e n , V o c a l s : M e r e t h e S o l t v e d t Composed by Th o m a s B e r g e r s e n , V o c a l s : T h o m a s B e r g e r s e n , C a r i n a I s t r e Composed by Ni c k P h o e n i x , C e l l o : T i n a G u o , W i n d s : C h r i s B l e t h , G u i t a r s : J a m e s R i c k a b a u g h Composed by Ni c k P h o e n i x Composed by Ni c k P h o e n i x Composed by Th o m a s B e r g e r s e n , E l e c t r i c V i o l i n : T h o ma s B e r g e r s e n , V o c a l s : M o l l y C o n o l e Composed by Th o m a s B e r g e r s e n , V o c a l s : M e r e t h e S o l t v e d t Composed by Ni c k P h o e n i x , C e l l o : T i n a G u o , W i n d s : C h r i s B l e t h , V o c a l s : N i c k Ph o e n i x Composed by Ni c k P h o e n i x , V o c a l s : A y a P e a r d
IEC-61854架空线.隔离层的要求和检验
NORMEINTERNATIONALECEI IEC INTERNATIONALSTANDARD 61854Première éditionFirst edition1998-09Lignes aériennes –Exigences et essais applicables aux entretoisesOverhead lines –Requirements and tests for spacersCommission Electrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical Commission Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueurFor price, see current catalogue© IEC 1998 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reservedAucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite niutilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucunprocédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo-copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur.No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, SwitzerlandTelefax: +41 22 919 0300e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http: //www.iec.chCODE PRIX PRICE CODE X– 2 –61854 © CEI:1998SOMMAIREPages AVANT-PROPOS (6)Articles1Domaine d'application (8)2Références normatives (8)3Définitions (12)4Exigences générales (12)4.1Conception (12)4.2Matériaux (14)4.2.1Généralités (14)4.2.2Matériaux non métalliques (14)4.3Masse, dimensions et tolérances (14)4.4Protection contre la corrosion (14)4.5Aspect et finition de fabrication (14)4.6Marquage (14)4.7Consignes d'installation (14)5Assurance de la qualité (16)6Classification des essais (16)6.1Essais de type (16)6.1.1Généralités (16)6.1.2Application (16)6.2Essais sur échantillon (16)6.2.1Généralités (16)6.2.2Application (16)6.2.3Echantillonnage et critères de réception (18)6.3Essais individuels de série (18)6.3.1Généralités (18)6.3.2Application et critères de réception (18)6.4Tableau des essais à effectuer (18)7Méthodes d'essai (22)7.1Contrôle visuel (22)7.2Vérification des dimensions, des matériaux et de la masse (22)7.3Essai de protection contre la corrosion (22)7.3.1Composants revêtus par galvanisation à chaud (autres queles fils d'acier galvanisés toronnés) (22)7.3.2Produits en fer protégés contre la corrosion par des méthodes autresque la galvanisation à chaud (24)7.3.3Fils d'acier galvanisé toronnés (24)7.3.4Corrosion causée par des composants non métalliques (24)7.4Essais non destructifs (24)61854 © IEC:1998– 3 –CONTENTSPage FOREWORD (7)Clause1Scope (9)2Normative references (9)3Definitions (13)4General requirements (13)4.1Design (13)4.2Materials (15)4.2.1General (15)4.2.2Non-metallic materials (15)4.3Mass, dimensions and tolerances (15)4.4Protection against corrosion (15)4.5Manufacturing appearance and finish (15)4.6Marking (15)4.7Installation instructions (15)5Quality assurance (17)6Classification of tests (17)6.1Type tests (17)6.1.1General (17)6.1.2Application (17)6.2Sample tests (17)6.2.1General (17)6.2.2Application (17)6.2.3Sampling and acceptance criteria (19)6.3Routine tests (19)6.3.1General (19)6.3.2Application and acceptance criteria (19)6.4Table of tests to be applied (19)7Test methods (23)7.1Visual examination (23)7.2Verification of dimensions, materials and mass (23)7.3Corrosion protection test (23)7.3.1Hot dip galvanized components (other than stranded galvanizedsteel wires) (23)7.3.2Ferrous components protected from corrosion by methods other thanhot dip galvanizing (25)7.3.3Stranded galvanized steel wires (25)7.3.4Corrosion caused by non-metallic components (25)7.4Non-destructive tests (25)– 4 –61854 © CEI:1998 Articles Pages7.5Essais mécaniques (26)7.5.1Essais de glissement des pinces (26)7.5.1.1Essai de glissement longitudinal (26)7.5.1.2Essai de glissement en torsion (28)7.5.2Essai de boulon fusible (28)7.5.3Essai de serrage des boulons de pince (30)7.5.4Essais de courant de court-circuit simulé et essais de compressionet de traction (30)7.5.4.1Essai de courant de court-circuit simulé (30)7.5.4.2Essai de compression et de traction (32)7.5.5Caractérisation des propriétés élastiques et d'amortissement (32)7.5.6Essais de flexibilité (38)7.5.7Essais de fatigue (38)7.5.7.1Généralités (38)7.5.7.2Oscillation de sous-portée (40)7.5.7.3Vibrations éoliennes (40)7.6Essais de caractérisation des élastomères (42)7.6.1Généralités (42)7.6.2Essais (42)7.6.3Essai de résistance à l'ozone (46)7.7Essais électriques (46)7.7.1Essais d'effet couronne et de tension de perturbations radioélectriques..467.7.2Essai de résistance électrique (46)7.8Vérification du comportement vibratoire du système faisceau/entretoise (48)Annexe A (normative) Informations techniques minimales à convenirentre acheteur et fournisseur (64)Annexe B (informative) Forces de compression dans l'essai de courantde court-circuit simulé (66)Annexe C (informative) Caractérisation des propriétés élastiques et d'amortissementMéthode de détermination de la rigidité et de l'amortissement (70)Annexe D (informative) Contrôle du comportement vibratoire du systèmefaisceau/entretoise (74)Bibliographie (80)Figures (50)Tableau 1 – Essais sur les entretoises (20)Tableau 2 – Essais sur les élastomères (44)61854 © IEC:1998– 5 –Clause Page7.5Mechanical tests (27)7.5.1Clamp slip tests (27)7.5.1.1Longitudinal slip test (27)7.5.1.2Torsional slip test (29)7.5.2Breakaway bolt test (29)7.5.3Clamp bolt tightening test (31)7.5.4Simulated short-circuit current test and compression and tension tests (31)7.5.4.1Simulated short-circuit current test (31)7.5.4.2Compression and tension test (33)7.5.5Characterisation of the elastic and damping properties (33)7.5.6Flexibility tests (39)7.5.7Fatigue tests (39)7.5.7.1General (39)7.5.7.2Subspan oscillation (41)7.5.7.3Aeolian vibration (41)7.6Tests to characterise elastomers (43)7.6.1General (43)7.6.2Tests (43)7.6.3Ozone resistance test (47)7.7Electrical tests (47)7.7.1Corona and radio interference voltage (RIV) tests (47)7.7.2Electrical resistance test (47)7.8Verification of vibration behaviour of the bundle-spacer system (49)Annex A (normative) Minimum technical details to be agreed betweenpurchaser and supplier (65)Annex B (informative) Compressive forces in the simulated short-circuit current test (67)Annex C (informative) Characterisation of the elastic and damping propertiesStiffness-Damping Method (71)Annex D (informative) Verification of vibration behaviour of the bundle/spacer system (75)Bibliography (81)Figures (51)Table 1 – Tests on spacers (21)Table 2 – Tests on elastomers (45)– 6 –61854 © CEI:1998 COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE––––––––––LIGNES AÉRIENNES –EXIGENCES ET ESSAIS APPLICABLES AUX ENTRETOISESAVANT-PROPOS1)La CEI (Commission Electrotechnique Internationale) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation composéede l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de la CEI). La CEI a pour objet de favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les domaines de l'électricité et de l'électronique. A cet effet, la CEI, entre autres activités, publie des Normes internationales.Leur élaboration est confiée à des comités d'études, aux travaux desquels tout Comité national intéressé par le sujet traité peut participer. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec la CEI, participent également aux travaux. La CEI collabore étroitement avec l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO), selon des conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.2)Les décisions ou accords officiels de la CEI concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesuredu possible un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux intéressés sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.3)Les documents produits se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales. Ils sont publiéscomme normes, rapports techniques ou guides et agréés comme tels par les Comités nationaux.4)Dans le but d'encourager l'unification internationale, les Comités nationaux de la CEI s'engagent à appliquer defaçon transparente, dans toute la mesure possible, les Normes internationales de la CEI dans leurs normes nationales et régionales. Toute divergence entre la norme de la CEI et la norme nationale ou régionale correspondante doit être indiquée en termes clairs dans cette dernière.5)La CEI n’a fixé aucune procédure concernant le marquage comme indication d’approbation et sa responsabilitén’est pas engagée quand un matériel est déclaré conforme à l’une de ses normes.6) L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments de la présente Norme internationale peuvent fairel’objet de droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. La CEI ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et de ne pas avoir signalé leur existence.La Norme internationale CEI 61854 a été établie par le comité d'études 11 de la CEI: Lignes aériennes.Le texte de cette norme est issu des documents suivants:FDIS Rapport de vote11/141/FDIS11/143/RVDLe rapport de vote indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant abouti à l'approbation de cette norme.L’annexe A fait partie intégrante de cette norme.Les annexes B, C et D sont données uniquement à titre d’information.61854 © IEC:1998– 7 –INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION––––––––––OVERHEAD LINES –REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS FOR SPACERSFOREWORD1)The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprisingall national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.2)The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, aninternational consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested National Committees.3)The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the formof standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.4)In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC InternationalStandards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly indicated in the latter.5)The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for anyequipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subjectof patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61854 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 11: Overhead lines.The text of this standard is based on the following documents:FDIS Report on voting11/141/FDIS11/143/RVDFull information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table.Annex A forms an integral part of this standard.Annexes B, C and D are for information only.– 8 –61854 © CEI:1998LIGNES AÉRIENNES –EXIGENCES ET ESSAIS APPLICABLES AUX ENTRETOISES1 Domaine d'applicationLa présente Norme internationale s'applique aux entretoises destinées aux faisceaux de conducteurs de lignes aériennes. Elle recouvre les entretoises rigides, les entretoises flexibles et les entretoises amortissantes.Elle ne s'applique pas aux espaceurs, aux écarteurs à anneaux et aux entretoises de mise à la terre.NOTE – La présente norme est applicable aux pratiques de conception de lignes et aux entretoises les plus couramment utilisées au moment de sa rédaction. Il peut exister d'autres entretoises auxquelles les essais spécifiques décrits dans la présente norme ne s'appliquent pas.Dans de nombreux cas, les procédures d'essai et les valeurs d'essai sont convenues entre l'acheteur et le fournisseur et sont énoncées dans le contrat d'approvisionnement. L'acheteur est le mieux à même d'évaluer les conditions de service prévues, qu'il convient d'utiliser comme base à la définition de la sévérité des essais.La liste des informations techniques minimales à convenir entre acheteur et fournisseur est fournie en annexe A.2 Références normativesLes documents normatifs suivants contiennent des dispositions qui, par suite de la référence qui y est faite, constituent des dispositions valables pour la présente Norme internationale. Au moment de la publication, les éditions indiquées étaient en vigueur. Tout document normatif est sujet à révision et les parties prenantes aux accords fondés sur la présente Norme internationale sont invitées à rechercher la possibilité d'appliquer les éditions les plus récentes des documents normatifs indiqués ci-après. Les membres de la CEI et de l'ISO possèdent le registre des Normes internationales en vigueur.CEI 60050(466):1990, Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International (VEI) – Chapitre 466: Lignes aériennesCEI 61284:1997, Lignes aériennes – Exigences et essais pour le matériel d'équipementCEI 60888:1987, Fils en acier zingué pour conducteurs câblésISO 34-1:1994, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination de la résistance au déchirement – Partie 1: Eprouvettes pantalon, angulaire et croissantISO 34-2:1996, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination de la résistance au déchirement – Partie 2: Petites éprouvettes (éprouvettes de Delft)ISO 37:1994, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination des caractéristiques de contrainte-déformation en traction61854 © IEC:1998– 9 –OVERHEAD LINES –REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS FOR SPACERS1 ScopeThis International Standard applies to spacers for conductor bundles of overhead lines. It covers rigid spacers, flexible spacers and spacer dampers.It does not apply to interphase spacers, hoop spacers and bonding spacers.NOTE – This standard is written to cover the line design practices and spacers most commonly used at the time of writing. There may be other spacers available for which the specific tests reported in this standard may not be applicable.In many cases, test procedures and test values are left to agreement between purchaser and supplier and are stated in the procurement contract. The purchaser is best able to evaluate the intended service conditions, which should be the basis for establishing the test severity.In annex A, the minimum technical details to be agreed between purchaser and supplier are listed.2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication of this standard, the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.IEC 60050(466):1990, International Electrotechnical vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 466: Overhead linesIEC 61284:1997, Overhead lines – Requirements and tests for fittingsIEC 60888:1987, Zinc-coated steel wires for stranded conductorsISO 34-1:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tear strength – Part 1: Trouser, angle and crescent test piecesISO 34-2:1996, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tear strength – Part 2: Small (Delft) test piecesISO 37:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tensile stress-strain properties– 10 –61854 © CEI:1998 ISO 188:1982, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Essais de résistance au vieillissement accéléré ou à la chaleurISO 812:1991, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination de la fragilité à basse températureISO 815:1991, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Détermination de la déformation rémanente après compression aux températures ambiantes, élevées ou bassesISO 868:1985, Plastiques et ébonite – Détermination de la dureté par pénétration au moyen d'un duromètre (dureté Shore)ISO 1183:1987, Plastiques – Méthodes pour déterminer la masse volumique et la densitérelative des plastiques non alvéolairesISO 1431-1:1989, Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique – Résistance au craquelage par l'ozone – Partie 1: Essai sous allongement statiqueISO 1461,— Revêtements de galvanisation à chaud sur produits finis ferreux – Spécifications1) ISO 1817:1985, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination de l'action des liquidesISO 2781:1988, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination de la masse volumiqueISO 2859-1:1989, Règles d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles par attributs – Partie 1: Plans d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles lot par lot, indexés d'après le niveau de qualité acceptable (NQA)ISO 2859-2:1985, Règles d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles par attributs – Partie 2: Plans d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles de lots isolés, indexés d'après la qualité limite (QL)ISO 2921:1982, Caoutchouc vulcanisé – Détermination des caractéristiques à basse température – Méthode température-retrait (essai TR)ISO 3417:1991, Caoutchouc – Détermination des caractéristiques de vulcanisation à l'aide du rhéomètre à disque oscillantISO 3951:1989, Règles et tables d'échantillonnage pour les contrôles par mesures des pourcentages de non conformesISO 4649:1985, Caoutchouc – Détermination de la résistance à l'abrasion à l'aide d'un dispositif à tambour tournantISO 4662:1986, Caoutchouc – Détermination de la résilience de rebondissement des vulcanisats––––––––––1) A publierThis is a preview - click here to buy the full publication61854 © IEC:1998– 11 –ISO 188:1982, Rubber, vulcanized – Accelerated ageing or heat-resistance testsISO 812:1991, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of low temperature brittlenessISO 815:1991, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of compression set at ambient, elevated or low temperaturesISO 868:1985, Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness)ISO 1183:1987, Plastics – Methods for determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plasticsISO 1431-1:1989, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Resistance to ozone cracking –Part 1: static strain testISO 1461, — Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated ferrous products – Specifications1)ISO 1817:1985, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of the effect of liquidsISO 2781:1988, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of densityISO 2859-1:1989, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 1: Sampling plans indexed by acceptable quality level (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspectionISO 2859-2:1985, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 2: Sampling plans indexed by limiting quality level (LQ) for isolated lot inspectionISO 2921:1982, Rubber, vulcanized – Determination of low temperature characteristics –Temperature-retraction procedure (TR test)ISO 3417:1991, Rubber – Measurement of vulcanization characteristics with the oscillating disc curemeterISO 3951:1989, Sampling procedures and charts for inspection by variables for percent nonconformingISO 4649:1985, Rubber – Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical drum deviceISO 4662:1986, Rubber – Determination of rebound resilience of vulcanizates–––––––––1) To be published.。
电子产品安全警告与说明书
2lightning flash with arrowhead symbol an equilateral triangle is intended to the user to the presence of uninsulated voltage within the product’s enclosure that may be of suf ficient magni -tude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and mainte -nance (servicing)instructions in the litera -ture accompanying the product.FCC WARNING:This equipment may generate or use radio frequency energy .Changes or modifications to this equipment may cause harmful interference unless the modifications are expressly approved in the instruction manual.The user could lose the authorityto operate this equipment if an unauthorized changeor modification is made.REGULA T OR Y INFORMA TION:FCC Part 15This equipment has been tested and found to complywith the limits for a Class A digital device,pursuant to Part 15of the FCC Rules.These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful inter -ference when the equipment is operated in a commer -cial environment.This equipment generates,uses,and can radiate radio frequency energy and,if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual,may cause harmful interference to radio communications.Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.A suitable conduit entries,knock-outs or glands shall be provided in the cable entries of this prod -uct in the end user .Caution:Danger of explosion if battery is incor -rectly replaced.Replaced only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufac -turer .Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturer’s instructions.CAUTION:TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK)NOUSER-SER VICEABLE P AR TS INSIDE REFER SER VICING T O QUALIFIED SER VICE PERSONNEL.Color V ideo CameraInstruction ManualModels :Before installing,operating or adjusting thisproduct,please read this instruction bookletcarefully and completely.LS300N-B1LS300P-D1LS300N-D1LS300P-B1LS300P-C1••3Important Safety InstructionsHoles in metal,through which insulated wires pass,shall have smooth well rounded surfaces orshall be provided with brushings.W arning:Do not install this equipment in a confined space �such as a bookcase or similar unit.W arning:Wiring methods shall be in accordance with the �National Electric Code,ANSI/NFP A 70.W arning:This is a class A product.In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interfer -ence in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.Caution:This installation should be made by a quali-fied �service person and should conform to all local codes.Caution:T o avoid electrical shock,do not open the cabinet.�Refer servicing to qualified personnel only .Caution:The apparatus should not be exposed to water �(dripping or splashing)and no objects filled with �liquids,such as vases,should be placed on the apparatus.Disposal of your old appliance1.When this crossed-out wheeled binsymbol is attached to a product it meansthe product is covered by the European Directive 2002/96/EC.2.All electrical and electronic products should be disposed of separately from municipal waste stream via designated collection facilities appointed by the gov -ernment or the local authorities.3.The correct disposal of your old appliance will help prevent potential negative conse-quences for the environment and human health.4.For more detailed information about disposal of your old appliance,please contact your city of fice,waste disposal service or the shop where you purchased the product.This product is manufactured to com -ply with EMC Directive 2004/108/EC and Low V oltage Directive 2006/95/EC.European representative :T o disconnect power from the mains,pull out the mains cord plug.When install the product,ensure that the plug is easily accessible.This class [A] digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003Get appareil numerique de la classe [A] est conforme a la normeNMB-003 du canada1.Read these instructions.-All these safety and operating instructions should be read before the product is operated.2.Keep these instructions.-The safety ,operating and use instructions should be retained for future reference.3.Heed all warnings.-All warnings on the prod -uct and in the operating instructions should be adhered to.4.Follow all instructions.-All operating and useinstructions should be followed.5.Do not use this apparatus near water .-For example:near a bath tub,wash bowl,kitchen sink,laundry tub,in a wet basement;near a swimmingpool;etc.6.Clean only with dry cloth.-Unplug this productfrom the wall outlet before cleaning.Do not useliquid cleaners.7.Do not block any ventilation openings.Installin accordance with the manufacturer's instruc -tions.-Slots and openings in the cabinet areprovided for ventilation,to ensure reliable opera -tion of the product,and to protect it from over-heating.The openings should never be blockedby placing the product on a bed,sofa,rug or othersimilar surface.This product should not be placedin a built-in installation such as a bookcase or rack unless proper ventilation is provided and themanufacturer’s instructions have been adhered to.8.Do not install near any heat sources such asradiators,heat registers,stoves,or other appa -ratus (including amplifiers)that produce heat.Warning: To reduce a risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this product to rain or moisture.•5Important Safety Instructions Cautions for Safe Operation9.D o n o t d e f e a t t h e s a f e t y p u r p o s e o f t h e p o l a r -i z e d o r g r o u n d i n g -t y p e p l u g .A p o l a r i z e d p l u gh a s t w o b l a d e s w i t h o n e w i d e r t h a n t h e o t h e r .Ag r o u n d i n g t y p e p l u g h a s t w o b l a d e s a n d a t h i r dg r o u n d i n g p r o n g .T h e w i d e b l a d e o r t h e t h i r dp r o n g a r e p r o v i d e d f o r y o u r s a f e t y .I f t h e p r o -v i d e d p l u g d o e s n o t f i t i n t o y o u r o u t l e t ,c o n s u l ta n e l e c t r i c i a n f o r r e p l a c e m e n t o f t h e ob s o l e t eo u t l e t .10.Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched particularly at plugs,convenience receptacles,and the point where they exit fromthe apparatus.11.Only use attachments/accessories specified by the manufacturer e only with the cart,stand,tripod,bracket,or table specified by the manufacturer ,or sold with the apparatus.When a cart is used,use caution when moving the cart/apparatus com -bination to avoid injury from tip-over .U n p l u g t h i s a p p a r a t u s d u r i n g l i g h t n i n g s t o r m s o r w h e n u n u s e d f o r l o n g p e r i o d s o f t i m e .14.R e f e r a l l s e r v i c i n g t o q u a l i f i e d s e r v i c e p e r s o n -n e l .S e r v i c i n g i s r e q u i r e d w h e n t h e a p p a r a t u sh a s b e e n d a m a g e d i n a n y w a y ,s u c h a s p o w e r -s u p p l y c o r d o r p l u g i s d a m a g e d ,l i q u i d h a sb e e n s p i l l e d o r o b j ec t s h a v e f a l l e n i n t o t h ea p p a r a t u s ,t h e a p p a r a t u s h a sb e e n e x p o s e d t o r a i n o r m o i s t u r e ,d o e s n o t o p e r a t e n o r m a l l y ,o r h a s b e e n d r o p p e d.Power Supply Handling of the unit Be careful not to spill water or other liquids on the unit. Be cautions not to get combustible or metallic material inside the body. If used with foreign matter inside, the camera is liable to fail or to get a cause of fire or electric shock.Operating and storage location Avoid viewing a very bright object (such as light fittings) during an extended period. Avoid operating or storing the unit in thefollowing locations.•Extremely hot or cold places (operating temperature -10o C~50o C, however, we recommend that the unit be used within a temperature range of 0o C~45o C)•Damp or dust place•Places exposed to rain•Places subject to strong vibration•Close to generators of powerfulelectromagnetic radiation such as radio orTV transmitters.13.This camera must a lways be operated a AC 24V or DC 12V or AC 230V Certified/Listed, class 2power supply only.7Contents Operating Controls and their Functions Pin assignment of auto iris lens connector Pin No.DC iris V ideo iris1Damping -Vcc (+9V)2Damping +Not used 3Drive +V ideo4Drive -GroundTripod adapterCCD coverC/CS adjustment lever Auto iris lens connector OSD switchPower LED BNC connector for video output Lens selection switchPower input connector 123456789Models Models Signal System PowerLS300N-D1LS300P-D1LS300P-C1LS300N-B1LS300P-B1NTSC NTSC PAL PAL PAL DC 12VDC 12VAC 230VDC 12V / AC 24VDC 12V / AC 24V10Power input terminalCautions for Safe Operation (6)Models ................................................................................................................ 7Operating Controls and Their Functions .......................................................... 8-9OSD Menu ................................................................................................... 10-25AREA Setting ................................................................................................... 26Specifications ............................................................................................... 27-28LS300N(P)-B19Lens MountingCAUTIONAuto Iris Mode Selection1. Loosen the C/CS adjustment lever2. Hold up the lever to change the mount to CS / Hold down thelever to change the mount to C3. Tighten the C/CS adjustmet leverBe cautious not to use Auto Iris Lens with over 30mA.DC iris level is preset in the factory. Only if necessary, adjust the DCiris level to achieve the proper picture with AGC off.1. Set the auto iris mode selection switch to the position thatcorresponds to the lens which is mounted to the camera.Please refer to the table on the up.2. OSD Setting : Refer to 12 page (OSD MENU - Lens)DC ELC VIDEO POSITION DC iris lensManual or fixed iris lensVideo iris lensLENS11OSD MENU - Setting 12OSD MENU - LENSSETUP 1Settings can be made using the 5 buttonslocated on the back of the camera.1. Please press the SETUP button. - Settings can now be made.The SETUP menu is displayed on the monitor.2. Please select any function you wish to activate by using the UP and DOWN buttons.3. Please press the LEFT or RIGHT button if youwish to change mode.4. Please select 'EXIT' and then press the SETUP button to finish the setting.Please select the type of the lens you wish to use by pressing the LEFT or * When using an auto iris lens, the setting of the auto iris lens selection switch, located on the back of the camera, must be on DC or ELC or VIDEO depending on the type of the lens which is being used.• DC/VIDEO : Auto iris lens selection • MANUAL : Manual lens selection• DC mode - Brightness setting (0~255 steps)* When it is ‘RESET’ , ‘LENS’ comes to be initialized to ‘DC’ .13OSD MENU - SHUTTER OSD MENU - BLC(Backlight compensation)Please select the shutter mode by pressing the LEFT or RIGHT button.• AUTO : Please select ‘AUTO’ and then press the SETUPbutton to ‘AUTO’ the setting.Auto Control of the shutter speed can be achieved. Adjust range : 0 ~ 255 steps• FLK : 'FLK' mode when flickering occurs on the screen, due to an imbalance between illumination and frequency.- When selecting FLK mode, the shutter FIXED mode is fixed at 1/100(1/120).• FIXED : The shutter speed can be controlled manually.Adjust range : 1/60 ~ 1/100,000 sec (NTSC)1/50 ~ 1/100,000 sec (PAL)• MANUAL : The shutter speed can be controlled manually.Adjust range : 0(Shutter slow) ~ 255(Shutter fast) steps.Please select the mode you wish to operate by pressing the LEFT or RIGHT button.• ON : You can adjust the sensitivity and BLC area of backlight compensation.When there is a strong backlight behind the object(within the BLC AREA),Clear images of the object can still be obtained by using the BLC function.• OFF : Backlight compensation function does not operate.- When selecting DC/VIDEO lens, the shutter speed is ‘FIXED’ mode(1/60 or 1/50).- When selecting MANUAL lens, the shutter speed is ‘AUTO’ mode.* Please select ‘ON’ and the press the SETUP button to BLC the setting.- BLC AREA : Please select all the area you wish to observe.>Press the SETUP switch long. Enters with the set window. (Refer to 26 page : Area Setting.)- BLC RATIO : The brightness can be adjusted level.To control the brightness of the object ‘0(increase)’ to 63(decrease)’.15OSD MENU - AGC(Auto Gain Control)OSD MENU - WHITE BALANCE control• The BRIGHTNESS can be adjusted within the range of 0 ~ 255 steps.Please select the mode you wish to operate by pressing the LEFT or RIGHT button.* If AGC OFF, DAY & NIGHT AUTO mode is not working.- Refer to 19 page. (DAY & NIGHT setting)Please select the mode you wish to operate by pressing the LEFT or RIGHT button.• ATW(Auto Tracking White Balance) :This mode can be used out of the color temperaturerange 2,500K ~ 9,500K• AWB(Auto White Balance) :This is a preset type function whereby white color in thescene is detected and white balance is automatically adjusted, then the setting status is stored. This mode can be used within the color temperature range 2,500K ~ 9,500K.• FIXED :WHITE BALANCE can be controlled manually.Preset type - MODE1 : 2,500K(indoor)• MANUAL :This allows adjusting red and blue gain manuallyaccording to requirements.MODE2 : 3,200K(indoor)MODE3 : 5,100K(outdoor)MODE4 : 9,500K(outdoor)17OSD MENU - FUNCTION > ID Setup OSD MENU - FUNCTION > MIRROR1. Please position the highlight to point to 'FUNCTION' on the SETUP menu by using the UP and DOWN buttons.2. Please select the mode you wish to operate by pressing the UP or DOWN button.• ON : Set a horizontal image inversion.• OFF : Cancels the inversion.MIRROR OFF MIRROR ON If you press the SETUP button after moving cursor to 'C', all the letters will be ing the MENU key to set character postion.19OSD MENU - FUNCTION > DAY & NIGHTPlease select the mode you wish to operate by pressing the LEFT or RIGHT button.OSD MENU - FUNCTION > DAY & NIGHT• AUTO : The camera selects black and white mode.If the picture is dark, on color mode if the picture isbright enough.Please select 'AUTO' and then press the SETUP button to DAY&NIGHT setting.- DELAY : Delay time when the DAY&NIGHT function starts or stops. (0~63 sec)- START LEVEL : Set the brightness level where the DAY&NIGHT start tooperate. 0(high light)~255(low light)- END LEVEL : Set the brightness level where the DAY&NIGHT function stop operating. 0(high light)~255(low light)※Operating Conditions1) Due to the connection with the value of AGC, it doesn't work when "AGC OFF".2) Delay time shall be more than 1sec.(at least).(with the value "0", it is in "DAY MODE" continuously.)3) Because a start level is connected with the value of AGC, A start level shall be set less than the value of AGC.4) A start level shall be higher than an end level.• COLOR : Color mode enabled.• B / W : Black and White mode enabled.Please select 'B/W' and then press the SETUPbutton to BURST the setting.- BURST ON : BURST signal 'ON'- BURST OFF : BURST signal 'OFF'21OSD MENU - FUNCTION > PRIVACY 22This modes conceals the areas you do not wish to appear on the screen.• OFF : Cancels the PRIVACY mode.•ON : Operates the PRIVACY mode.OSD MENU - FUNCTION > Motion DetectionPlease select the area you wish to observe from the 64 areas in Area selection mode.• OFF : MOTION DETECTION mode is cancelled.• ON : Any motion in the selected areas is observed.Please select 'ON' and then press the SETUP button to MOTION the setting.- AREA : Set the MOTION area.> Press the SETUP switch long. Enters with the set window.(Refer to 26 page : Area Setting.)- MOTION TH : High luminous motion theshold valueTo control the MOTION TH.‘0(sensitivity)’ to ‘255(insensitivity)’- MOTION TRACE : ON - MOTION TRACE 'ON'OFF - MOTION TRACE 'OFF'* Please select 'ON' and then press the SETUP button to PRIVACY the setting.- Select an area to mask from the 4 areas in AREA SEL - Change the AREA STATE of the selected area to 'ON'- From COLOR, press the Left/Right buttons to control the color.- Set the area size from the LEFT/RIGHT/TOP/BOTTOM menu, and then press the SETUP button.OSD MENU - FUNCTION > GAMMA 23Select a GAMMA value. • Select [GAMMA] option on the [FUNCTION] screen. • Press LEFT or RIGHT button to select a GAMMA. To control the brightness,'0.05(increase)' to '1.00(decrease), USER'OSD MENU - FUNCTION > LANGUAGESelect a LANGUAGE for the setup menu and on-screen display.• Select [LANGUAGE] option on the [FUNCTION] screen.• Press LEFT or RIGHT button to select a LANGU- AGE.- ENGLISH- KOREAN- CHINESE1(SC)- CHINESE2(DC)- JAPANESEOSD MENU -ADJUST 25• CONTRAST : The CONTRAST can be adjusted within the value of 0~255 steps.• SHARPNESS : The outline of the video image becomes cleaner and more distinctive as the level of SHARPNESS increases. If the level goes up excessively.However, it may affect the video image and generate noise. (0~31 steps) • CB_GAIN : Obtains the optimum amount of blue gain. (0~255 steps)• CR_GAIN : Obtains the optimum amount of red gain. (0~255 steps)- If the level goes up excessively, It may affect the video image and generate noise.AREA SettingCursor :Please select area.- Yellow color is the selected area.- Orange color is the nonselected area.*Press the SETUP switch long. Enter with the sub set menu.All CLEAR : Cancel the all selected area.ALL SET : select all the area.RETURN : Using the ‘RETURN’ key to go back to the main menu.2827Specification。
Arduino编程参考手册中文版(带目录适合打印)
! (逻辑非)
指针运算符
* 指针运算符
& 地址运算符
位运算
& (位与)
| (位或)
^ (位异或)
~ (位非)
<< (左移)
>> (右移)
复合运算符
++ (自加)
-- (自减)
+= (复合加)
-= (复合减)
*= (复合乘)
/= (复合除)
&= (复合与)
|= (复合或)
范围
HIGH | LOW
int checkSensor(){
if (analogRead(0) > 400) {
return 1;
else{
return 0;
}
}
return关键字对测试一段代码很方便，不需“注释掉”大段的可能是错误的代码。
void loop(){
//在此测试代码是个好想法
return;
// 这里是功能不正常的代码
for
for语句
描述
for语句用于重复执行被花括号包围的语句块。一个增量计数器通常被用来递增和终止循环。for语句对于任何需要重复的操作是非常有用的。常常用于与数组联合使用以收集数据/引脚。for循环的头部有三个部分：
for (初始化部分; 条件判断部分; 数据递增部分) {
//语句块
。。。
}
初始化部分被第一个执行，且只执行一次。每次通过这个循环，条件判断部分将被测试;如果为真，语句块和数据递增部分就会被执行,然后条件判断部分就会被再次测试，当条件测试为假时，结束循环。
示例：
for (x = 0; x < 255; x ++)
Digital Booklet
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City and Yuna “Shine Your Way” 2. Prologue 3. Smash and Grab (contains a sample of “Tusk”) 4. Bear Owl Escape 5. Eep and the Warthog 6. Teaching Fire to Tiger Girl 7. Exploring New Dangers 8. Piranhakeets 9. Fire and Corn 10. Turkey Fish Follies 11. Going guy’s way 12. Story Time 13. Family Maze 14. Star Canopy 15. Grug Flips His Lid 16. Planet Collapse 17. We’ll Die If We Stay Here 18. Cave Painting 19. Big Idea 20. Epilogue 21. Cave Painting Theme 22. The Croods’ Family Theme 23. cantina croods
SOUNDTRACK ALBUM PRODUCED BY ALAN SILVESTRI AND DAVID BIFANO Executive in Charge of Music: Sunny Park Executive Soundtrack Producers: Jason Markey, Bob Bowen and Ryan Kavanaugh
Alan Silvestri thanks: Jeffrey Katzenberg, Chris Sanders, Kirk DeMicco, Bill Damaschke, Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell DreamWorks Animation thanks: Melissa Baldwin, Jim Beshears, Kevin Breen, Lindsey Buckingham, Steve Bursky, Dan Butler, Eric Caldwell, Daniel Chun, Ann Daly, Dave Dinsmore, Kim Fast, Anne Globe, David Gueringer, Dave Hage, Jerome Hill, Sam Hinton, Paul Iannicelli, Joe Izzo, Sonia Jauregui, Andy Kalyvas, Martin Kierszenbaum, Michael La Brusciano, Richard LaForge, Chris Lakey, Alison Lima, Carole Sue Lipman, Debbie Luner, Sean McGinn, Diane McKain, Liz McNicoll, Brandon Operchuck, Brett Padelford, Dennis Park, Vicki Pon, Monique Ramirez, Francisco Ramos, Michele Reed, Chevion Reese, Joel Roman, Ana Ruiz, Sam Schwartz, Jennifer Schiller, Cristina Schweitzer, Susan Spencer, Andrew Tomlin, Larry Weisberg, Cynthia Wiese, Ben Willis, David Yanover and Eric Ybanez Relativity Music Group thanks: Frank Banyai, Linda Benjamin, Big Picture Media, Patricia Blair, Kristin Cotich, Ryan Kavanaugh, Greg Lapidus, Tucker Tooley, Kelly Van Laanen and Happy Walters
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Music by Ramin Djawadi Music Produced by Ramin Djawadi Music Supervisor: Evyen J Klean Music Editor: David Klotz Orchestrator: Stephen Coleman Performed by: The Czech Film Orchestra and Choir Music Contractor: Zdena Pelikánová Copyist: Pavel Ciboch Recorded at Rudolfinum Concert Hall, Prague Technical Score Advisors: Brandon Campbell, William Marriott Mastered by: Gavin Lurssen at Lurssen Mastering Executive in Charge of WaterTower Music: Jason Linn Art Direction: Sandeep Sriram
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1. Main Titles 2. “The Rains Of Castamere” performed by Sigur Rós 3. Breaker Of Chains 4. Watchers On The Wall 5. I’m Sorry For Today 6. Thenns 7. Mereen 8. First Of His Name 9. The Biggest Fire The North Has Ever Seen 10. Three Eyed Raven 11. Two Swords 12. Oathkeeper 13. You Are No Son Of Mine 14. The North Remembers 15. Let’s Kill Some Crows 16. Craster’s Keep 17. The Real North 18. Forgive Me 19. He Is Lost 20. I Only See What Matters 21. Take Charge Of Your Life 22. The Children
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Ramin would like to thank: David Benioff, D.B. Weiss, Carolyn Strauss, Greg Spence, George R.R. Martin, Alex Graves, Michelle MacLaren, Alik Sakharow, Neil Marshall, Holly Schiffer, Janet Graham-Borba, Onnalee Blank, Matt Waters, Spike Allison Hooper, Melissa Demino, Chris Zampas, Alan Frier, Maria Machado, Sam Schwartz, Michael Gorfaine, Cheryl Tiano, everybody at Remote Control, Sandrine Pecher, Uli Kurtinat, the Djawadi family, Hans Zimmer, Jennifer Hawks Thanks to: Stacey Abiraj, Peter Axelrad, Paul Broucek, Rocco Carrozza, Janis Fein, Joshua Goodstadt, Cara Grabowski, Joe Kara, Kevin Kertes, Genevieve Morris, Jaimie Roberts, Dustin Rodriguez, Rebel Roy Steiner, Jr., Robert Zick Score Written by: Ramin Djawadi Score Published by: T-L Music Publishing (ASCAP) “The Rains of Castamere” Written by: Ramin Djawadi and George R.R. Martin Published by: T-L Music Publishing (ASCAP) Performed by: Sigur Rós 2014 Home Box Office
Music by Ramin Djawadi
Music Produced by Ramin Djawadi Music Supervisor: Evyen J Klean Executive in Charge of WaterTower Music: Jason Linn
& © 2014 WaterTower Music, 4000 Warner Blvd., Burbank, CA 91522. Game Of Thrones, Artwork and Photographs © 2014 Home Box Office, Inc. All Rights Reserved. HBO and related trademarks are the property of Home Box Office, Inc.
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