浙江工商大学英语2010年考博专业课初试真题
2010本转本英语试卷1
2010本转本英语试卷1浙江工商大学2010年本转本选拔考试试卷座位号课程名称：英语考试方式：闭卷考试时间：150分钟姓名：________注意事项1、考生应严格遵守考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可答题。
2、考生拿到试卷后首先填写密封线内各项内容（准考证号、姓名、学校）不得填出密封线外，同时把座位号填写在试卷右上角座位号栏内。
3、做客观题时，用2B铅笔填涂答题卡，做在试卷上无效。
做主观题时，用黑色签字笔或钢笔把答案写在答题纸上。
（注意：11-106 为客观题，请按实际题号相应答题。
）4、注意字迹清楚，保持卷面整洁。
5、考试结束将试卷放在桌上，不得带走。
待监考人员收毕清点后，方可离场。
Part I. Writing (30 minutes) （请将此题答在答题纸上）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition with the title“To Lead a Low-carbon Life on Campus”. Your composition should be at least 120 words. Remember to write your composition neatly. You should also base your composition on the outline below: 1.倡导校园低碳生活的重要性；2.校园里存在许多非低碳生活的现象；3.我的看法。
Part II. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet. Mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center. Note that:Y ( for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG( for NOT Given) i f the information is not given in the passage.（请将此题答在答题纸上）From Golda: the Life of Israel’s Prime Minister The Struggle with Her Parents over Her EducationWhen Golda graduated as valedictorian of her class,battle too. She returned to Milwaukee to finish high school.Golda’s Determination for a Jewish Homeland Golda was still in high school when the First World War broke out in Europe. And with the war came dire reports of increased programmes. The Jewish Pale of Settlement lay, unfortunately, in the every territory where Russian and German-Austrian armies clashed most often in violent battle. When the White Russian Army fled in retreat, they slaughtered Jews in that section for being German sympathizers. When the Russians swept back and Germans fled from the same section, they murdered Jews for being Russian spies.The White Russian armies and their bitter opponents, the Germans, seemed to agree on one tenet only: anti-Semitism. And they had ample opportunities for carrying out their battle cry: death to the Jews. Of the ten million Jews in Europe, eight million lived in the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires.Millions of Jews were rendered homeless.Committees were organized to raise funds for the ever-swelling ranks of Jewish refugees who fled from one town to the next, trying to keep out of the way of the armies. Golda worked with the People’s Relief and with an organization called Aid in Need, formed by Jewish workers in Milwaukee to help hungry and homeless European Jews…She felt broken apart inside. For nights she could not sleep. What good did it do, running around, making speeches, collecting money for a new generation of suffering, displaced, wandering Jews? There had been a better answer than this. There had to be one place in the world where Jews could at last be free form persecution. There had to be a Jewish homeland. And it must be created as soon as possible. All her beliefs suddenly solidified into one single purpose. As soon as she could, she would go to Palestine and devote her life to this goal. She joined Poale Zion, the Labour Zionist Party. Gloda’s Talent as a SpeakerShe set about making money for her passages to Palestine. She worked part-time at the Sixteenth Street and North Avenue branch of the Milwaukee PublicLibrary. In the spring of 1916 she graduated.…She entered Milwaukee Normal School for Teachers and took a part-time job at a Yiddish-speaking folk school which advocated Labour Zionism. But even this seemed too far removed from her goal. So she started speaking for the Labour Zionists’ Poale Zion.The organization soon discovered that the eighteen-year-old girl had a remarkable talent as a speaker. They sent her on speaking engagements around the country. Her mission: to try to stir the complacent American Jewish youth, awaken them to the philosophies and the necessities of Labour Zionism.One Friday night she was scheduled to speak in Milwaukee, not in a meeting room or an auditorium. She would speak on a street corner, standing on a soap box.Her father heard about the plan and was horrified. “Women,”he thundered at Golda, “did not do such things!”His daughter stood on a soap box exhorting people on the street! “If you dare to go ahead with that speech,” he threatened, “I’ll come down there and pull you off home by your braids!”“I’m sorry, Papa,”Golda said, firmly, “but the speech has already been announced.”She took the precaution of telling members of Poale Zion that her father might create a scandal that evening, and since she did not cherish the notion of being dragged off the soap box, she asked that they form a protective circle around her as she spoke.This was done. But it was almost unnecessary, for the crowd which gathered on the street corner that night was so large that Moshe Mabovitch would have had a hard time shoving his way through. Most of the bystanders had stopped out of curiosity. It was not every day that one saw an attractive young girl standing on a soap box and talking about a faraway land called Palestine. They soon found themselves spellbound, caught up by Golda’s impassionate oratory.As she spoke, Golda noticed her father at the edge of the crowd; noticed thankfully that he did not, after all, seem bent on making a scene.Afterward, Poale Zion members gathered around her with congratulations. It was a fine speech. One of the best she had ever made…When she got home, her mother was sitting at the kitchen table sewing.“Where is Papa?”“In bed.”Her mother looked up. She was smiling a little. “He came in. He sat down. He shrugged. He said, ‘Where did she get this talent for speaking?’ Then he stood up. He said, ‘God knows what this girl may be able to do!’ And he went to bed.”From that night onward the Mabovitches offered no more objections to anything Golda wanted to do. They seemed to realize that they had somehow bred a very special child. Their best contribution now would be not to interfere…Many years later, when the new country called Israel was about to be born, its leader, David Ben-Gurion, would proclaim, “Some day when our history is written, it will say that there was a Jewish woman who raised the money which made this nation possible.”The Jewish woman he referred to was Golda.1. Shortly after graduation, Golda went on to finish highschool.2. During the First World War, many Jews were killed by the White Russian Army because they were thought to be sympathetic towards Germans.3. Golda worked with an organization called Aid in Need to help hungry and homeless American Jews.4. Golda’s classmates and teachers in Milwaukee Normal School always supported her.5. Golda started to make money for her passages to Palestine because she was determined to create a Jewish homeland.6. Golda was only 18 years old when she was discovered to have a remarkable talent to deliver speeches.7. Golda’s father decided to make a scene after she insisted on delivering a speech in public.8. Most of the bystanders stopped to listen to Golda’s speech on the street corner out of curiosity.9. Golda was sure that her father would not drag her off the soap box.10. The Mabovitches began to realize that they had breda very special child when the new country called Israel was established.Part III. Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. （请将此题答在答题卡上）11. A) She is not interested in his dog.B) The man should not beat his dog.C) She doesn’t know anything about dogs.D) The man won’t take his dog on the train.12. A) The bird will make a good friend.B) She needs to buy a new car.C) She has spent her money unwisely.D) She should have paid less for the bird.13. A) She must do the exercises repeatedly.B) She has almost finished her homework.C) She must be careful not to over-exercise.D) She can’t do the exercises correctly.14. A) In an elevator. B) At a supermarket.C) In a clothing store. D) In a coffee shop.15. A) Green. B) Blue.C) Dark blue. D) Bright yellow.16. A) Look for a new wallet. B) Read the signs on the train walls.C) Guard her money. D) Not take the train.17. A) $3.15. B) $7.20.C) $6.80. D) $6.30.18. A) The woman is not impressed by the man’s resume.B) The man’s resume doesn’t work properly.C) The man has made many revisions to his resume.D) The man tries to make the resume longer.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) He has stomach upset. B) He has broken his leg.C) He has heart disease. D) He feels run-down.20. A) Yes, he did.B) No, he hasn’t been eating well.C) Yes, he eats a sandwich and a cup of coffee for lunch.D) Yes, he eats a lot for dinner.21. A) Unbalanced diet. B) Working late.C) Worrying. D) Eating too much.22. A) To get some exercise. B) To eat properly.C) To get enough sleep. D) To cook his own meal.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) To her brother. B) To her boyfriend.C) To her husband. D) To her son.24. A) He has no permit to send the coin.B) His counter is not responsible for the woman’sparcel.C) He is off duty now.D) The parcel counter is cheaper.25. A) A permit from the post office.B) A permit from the customhouse.C) A permit from the local government.D) A permit from the police station.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.（请将此题答在答题卡上）Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) What they are most worried about.B) How much exercise they get every day.C) What entertainment they are interested in.D) How long their parents accompany them daily.27. A) Receive early education. B) Have regular checkups.C) Get enough entertainment. D) Have more activities.28. A) It should have a computer for study. B) It should have no TV sets and computers.C) It should be no place for play. D) It should be near a common area.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) Modern equipment. B) Stricter laws.C) Better land. D) Quick wealth.30. A) Mountaineers. B) Mining companies.C) Followers of William Waldo. D) California state committees.31. A) Teaching survival tactics.B) Saving people’s lives.C) Showing people how to hunt for food.D) Selling prospecting suppliers.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) Because the traffic conditions in London are good.B) Because the traffic system of the city is not very complex.C) Because they have a driving license.D) Because they have received special training.33. A) Two years or more. B) Two to four months.C) At least half a year. D) About three weeks.34. A) Government officers are hard to please.B) The learner usually fails several times before he passes it.C) The driving test usually lasts two months.D) The learner has to go through several tough tests.35. A) Because they want to earn money from both jobs.B) Because they don’t want their present bosses to know what they’re doing.C) Because they cannot earn money as taxi drivers yet.D) Because they look forward to further promotion.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46, you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题在答题纸上，请在答题纸上作答。
2010 大学生英语竞赛初赛(B级)试题及答案
2010 National English Contestfor College Students(Level B - Preliminary)( 总分：150分；答题时间：120分钟)Part I Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.1. For what occasion has the cake been made?A. A wedding.B. A birthday party.C. A conference reception.2. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. A travel agency.B. A photography class.C. A wildlife park.3. When did Nadia's family move to England from Germany?A. During World War I.B. During World War II.C. Ten years ago.4. What does the woman think of Matt?A. He is not trustworthy.B. He is quite honest.C. He is helpful.5. Which airport will the speakers depart from?A. Heathrow.B. Milan.C. Liverpool.Section B (10 marks)In this section, you will hear two interviews. Each interview will be read only once. At the end of each interview, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the five questions, each with three choicesmarked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Interview One6. Why was Jonas Day invited to the studio for the interview?A. He is a close friend of Madonna.B. He is an expert in student journalism.C. He has just won an award for writing an article about Madonna.7. When and where was Madonna born?A. In 1968; in Detroit.B. In 1958; in Rochester.C. In 1958; in New York.8. What is one thing most people don't associate with Madonna?A. She is chief executive of an entertainment company.B. She prefers making records to films.C. She is not concerned about media attention.9. What was Madonna's reaction to the bad publicity about her' private life?A. She was angry.B. She simply ignored it.C. She was surprised.10. Why did she want Michael Jackson's manager to be her manager too?A. She knew he was associated with many record producers.B. She was impressed by what he had done for Michael Jackson.C. She wanted to be more famous than Michael Jackson.Interview Two11. Why did Dave decide on a full-time career as a diving instructor?A. He had always liked teaching diving.B. His trainees were pleased with him.C. It was a chance to earn more money.12. What is most important for a diving instructor, according to Dave?A. Finding a good spot to dive.B. Knowing the local geographic conditions.C. Being patient with the trainees.13. How did Dave feel after the conversation with Mr and Mrs Jones?A. Embarrassed.B. Upset.C. Impatient.14. What does Dave find boring about his job?A. Following the same routine.B. Allowing students time for photos.C. Repeating instructions for students.15. What would Dave like to be in the future?A. A photographer.B. A secretary.C. A manager.Section C (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short news items. Each item will be read only once. After each item, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the questions and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.16. How many African nations have direct air links to America?A. Two.B. Four.C. Six.17. What is affecting the refugees in northern Yemen, according to the news?A. Cold weather.B. An earthquake.C. A flood.18. When did President Obama first contact Haitian President Rene Preval, after the quake?A. On Thursday.B. On Friday.C. On Saturday.19. Who will be the first users of Galileo, the new satellite navigation system?A. Rescue workers.B. GPS users.C. European drivers.20. Where were the Egyptian workers' tombs located?A. Near the country's oldest pyramid.B. Close to the Great Pyramid.C. Close to a queen's tomb.Section D (10 marks)Listen to part of a talk given by a woman called Vanessa to some students about her experiences of studying abroad. For questions 21 - 30, complete the notes. You will need to write a word or a short phrase. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Part II Multiple Choice (15 marks)Section A (10 marks)There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.31. There weren't many _______ at the games because the tickets were too expensive.A. competitorsB. onlookersC. contestantsD. spectators32. Owning a car has several advantages. _________ you can go wherever you want, whenever you want.A. First of allB. As a resultC. PersonallyD. Besides33. --Does the baby look like his father?--No, actually, I think he __ his mother.A. takes onB. takes afterC. takes upD. takes to34. We had a party last night. I've had to spend _________ morning clearing up the mess.A. wholeB. entireC. allD. most35. The committee meetings, _______ always dominated by the same people, slow-moving and inefficient.A. which were; wereB. that are; areC. been; wereD. though; are36. The current crisis should as a warning not to be overconfident in the markets.A. functionB. serveC. regardD. intend37. She wasn't allowed into the country; __ because her papers weren't in order.A. subsequentlyB. admittedlyC. presumablyD. thoroughly38. We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible. If it ___ a nice day, we ____ for a picnic.A. had been; would have goneB. was; would goC. were; would have goneD. would be; would go39. --It's been a wonderful day.--Yes, fantastic. We've had no _________________ with anything.' Everything's been perfect.A. obstaclesB. questionsC. barriersD. problems40. --Do you know anyone who does translations?--I met a man just the other day who was setting up an agency.--They don't do Chinese to English by any chance, do they?-- I could give you his number, if you like.A. Why don't you just do it?B. I wouldn't have a clue.C. Go for it.D. I'm thinking about it.Section B (5 marks)There are five incomplete statements or questions about English speaking countries in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the' most suitable answer from the given choices, then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.41. The headquarters of The World Health Organization (VCHO) and the World TradeOrganization (WTO) are in _____A. New YorkB. Washington, DCC. GenevaD. Brussels42. At the beginning there were only states in the United States of America became the 50th statein 1959.A. 11; AlaskaB. 13; AlaskaC. 11; HawaiiD. 13; Hawaii43. Britain doesn't share a land border with any other country except ____________.A. IrelandB. FranceC. IcelandD. Norway44. Which city is the capital of Australia?A. Brisbane.B. Melbourne.C. Canberra.D. Sydney.45. Which of the following is a Canadian province?A. Montreal.B. Ontario.C. Toronto.D. Calgary.Part III Cloze (10 marks)Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word according to the context, by using the correct form of the word given, or the first letter of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Flu and How Not to Catch ItThis winter, in offices and workplaces throughout the country, people are at risk of becoming a health danger to their colleagues. These are the people who, carrying flu viruses, have dragged themselves in to work in (46) sp______ of the high temperature, headache, sore throat and cough they are (47) su__________ from. Most experts agree that people with flu ought to stay at home, certainly in the case of those (48) _______ jobs involve public safety - airline pilots, air traffic (49) __________ (control) and train drivers.A diet rich in (50) ve_________ and fruit and regular exercise may help people avoid the illness. Experts are (51) (doubt) whether taking lots of vitamin C will (52) __________ any difference, but reducing stress levels may help. Basic hygiene is certainly important, as well, especially in the office. We know that the illness can be passed on (53) f cups and saucers, so do more than simply rinse them under the tap with all the others. Wash them properly with hot water and use disinfectants to clean surfaces. Remember to wash your hands (54) reg and don't touch your face, as flu enters the body through the eyes, nose and mouth. Other tips on prevention include (55) ______ rid of cloth handkerchiefs, which provide a home for germs. Change to paper tissues and throw them away afterwards.Part IV Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. Respond to the questions according to the passage. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Section A (10 marks)Trendy Solar Radio / Crank Radio Stylish as It Is UsefulThis crank AM/FM radio can be charged in threedifferent ways - by crank, solar power or with an ACwall adapter. Just 30 seconds of winding provides 35minutes of playing time. The handy integrated LEDflashlight gives this crank radio one more emergencyuse, though it's so stylish you will want to use it anytimeand anywhere.The crystal clear casing showcases the excellence of the engineering and engages users by converting human energy to pure listening pleasure. A full charge provides 25 hours of playing time. No disposable batteries required.Reg Price: $59.00New Year's Sale: $49.00The Kiran Solar LanternThis lantern is five times brighter than a kerosenelantern and will shine light for up to eight hours on afully charged battery. Not only can you charge it, usingthe solar panel, but it can be plugged in and chargedthrough an AC charger as well. It provides 360-degreelight and has a handle with multiple-settings to allowfor flexible usage. It has protection for over-chargingand has an all around tough design. In order to get afull charge the lampneeds eight hours of sun while it requires four hours of AC charging. This will give you four hours of light on the high setting and eight on the low setting.The lamp retails for only $10.The Frosted Scroll Solar-Powered LanternMost solar lights are used with plants and make your garden lookmuch better. Well, instead of sprucing up your plants, you can add alittle mood lighting to your deck or porch. This lamp could even beused indoors, if you make sure it stays close to a window to get thefull charge it needs to run. This is not the usual solar lamp found ingardens, which is exactly what makes it so appealing. In Order for this lamp to cast a pretty scroll design onto your tabletop, it'll need to soak up the sun through a solar panel located on the top. After it has been fully charged, though, it'll give you light for up to eight hours. It doesn't have to stay on all the time either, like a lot of other solar lights. This one comes with an on/off switch, so that you can choose when to use up the charge. You can purchase the lights individually for ￡24.99 or about $39.Fill in each blank with no more than three words according to the passage.New ProductionsSection B (10 marks)Property Prices "Causing Distress"Six out of 10 Chinese white-collar workers say they are fatigued by work and other pressures, a survey has found. The number 1 cause of anxiety is the ever-increasing cost of housing and property, the survey reported. About 76 percent of office workers are over-worked and not entirely healthy, according to samples from 3 million health checks in 15 cities.Less than 3 percent of the respondents interviewed are completely healthy, said the White Paper on the Health of Chinese White-collar Workers, released on Sunday by the Chinese Medical Doctors' Association.The survey interviewed people aged between 26 and 45, with monthly incomes of between 5,000 yuan ($732) to 10,000 yuan. Many higher-income people between the ages of 35 and 50 are biologically 10 years older than their actual age, with declining health, the survey said.Buying property ranks as the most significant cause of pressure for 46 percent of those interviewed, followed by parents' health, difficulty in finding a spouse, and children's education.The increasing gap between income and housing prices is causing the most stress and some 85 percent of families cannot afford to buy a house, the survey said. The ratio of housing prices to family income should be three to six times, while in China the ratio this year is expected to reach 8.3, far beyond reasonable, the Economic Blue Paper published yesterday by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences reported. The survey said that the land supply system and developers' land stockpiles have also contributed to the out-of-reach property prices.Commercial property prices have gone up 5 to 10 percent, with a square metre costing between 4,935 to 5,280 yuan. From January to August of 2009, developers invested 2,111 billion yuan in property, up 14.7 percent from the previous year. Revenue from the sale of commercial property was 2,346.3 billion yuan, up 69.9 percent from 2008.Property prices are the talk of the town, and this topic reached a peak in 2009 as the Chinese television drama, Dwelling Narrowness, became a hit with many viewers across the country. The 35-episode series has touched a nerve with city dwellers who empathize with the characters in the drama, according to media reports. Caught in a debate between reality and morality, the audience could not help but connect with the distress and pressure experienced by the characters, caused by the cost of living in a city, according to television analysts.Most young college graduates and migrant workers who settle into jobs in big cities would prefer to buy an apartment rather than rent, according to media reports. However, rising housing prices make owning an apartment very difficult. Ownership creates a burden that costs parents' their entire savings or results in decades of mortgage loans.Wang Ke, a purchasing manager with a monthly salary of 10,000 yu'an, had to borrow money from her grandmother for the down payment for her apartment. With a monthly mortgage of 4,000 yuan, Wang said saving money is now virtually impossible. "Housing prices go up every day, though my salary doesn't," she said.Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage and the picture? Write:Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is" not given in the passage.61. The survey of stress on Chinese white-collar workers was co-conducted by the Beijing HealthProtection Association and the Chinese Medical Doctors' Association.62. Forty-six percent of those interviewed did occasional exercise and felt that property prices are themajor pressure.63. The ratio of housing prices to family income in China is lower than the usual standard. Fill in each blankwith no more than three words to complete the sentences according to the passage.64. Commercial property prices have increased by ______________ percent according to the survey.65. Wang Ke, who took part in the survey, bought her apartment by borrowing money from _________ forthe down payment and paying a monthly mortgage.Section C (10 marks)Lisa Tyler was weary after a long, hard day at the pottery factory where she works, but as she approached her home in the English city of Stoke-on-Trent, her heart lightened; soon she would be having a nice cup of tea, putting her feet up and watching Friends, her favorite TV series. But first, she needed to change out of her work clothes and pick up her three-year-old son from his grandmother's house nearby.As Lisa walked up her garden path, she noticed a light flashing on and off in an upstairs bedroom. A shiver went down her back. What if it was a burglar? Quietly, she crept round to the back of the house to see if there was any sign of a break-in. Sure enough, a window was open and someone's coat was hanging on the gatepost!Well, 26-year-old Lisa didn't fancy coming face to face with a burglar, so she ran to a neighbour's house and rang the police. As she sat waiting for the police to arrive, Lisa's curiosity got the better of her and she decided to go back and see what was going on. That's when she saw a leg coming out of the downstairs front window. It was a man climbing out. Lisa gasped in shock. The burglar was carrying her portable television!At this point, Lisa saw red. She didn't have many possessions and she'd saved long and hard to buy that set. Besides, nobody was going to stop her watching Friends."Oh no, you don't." she muttered under her breath, as fury swelled inside her. Without even stopping to think, she tore across the garden and started shouting at the burglar, "Give me my TV -drop it now! "Ignoring her, the man fled across the garden, so Lisa threw herself at him and successfully rugby tackled him to the ground. The burglar struggled to escape, but Lisa hung on like the best kind of guard dog, despite being punched and kicked. As she looked up, she realized that she recognized the burglar's face. She was so surprised that she lost her grip and the burglar got away, leaving the TV behind in the garden.By the time the police and her father arrived, Lisa was in tears. "I can't believe you were so foolish, Lisa," scolded her father. "You could have been killed.""I know, but at least he didn't get my TV." she replied.Lisa later remembered the name of the burglar, who had been in the same year as her at school.He was later caught and jailed for 15 months after committing a burglary and assault. In May last year, Lisa was given a Certificate of Appreciation by Staffordshire police for her "outstanding courage and public action". In the future, however, she intends to leave household security to a new member of her family, Chan, who is a real guard dog.Answer the questions in no more than 10 words.66. What first led Lisa to think there was a burglar in her house?67. Why didn't Lisa wait in her neighbor's house until the police arrived?68. What does "Lisa saw red (in the 4th paragraph)" most probably mean?69. What did the burglar do when Lisa shouted at him?70. How did Lisa help to catch the burglar later?Section D (10 marks)Melting GlaciersSeveral glaciers in the Alps have already disappeared in as fewas 40 years. In the Patagonian ice fields of Argentina, someglaciers have receded one and one-half kilometers in the last 13years. In the Himalayan Mountains, glaciers are melting so fastthat runoff sometimes floods the surrounding areas. Their fateis a preview of the future of other glaciers on Earth.The shrinking of the world's glaciers will have massiveconsequences for communities that depend on ice melt for theirwater. In the short-term, these consequences mayappear beneficial. For example, extra water from glaciersmeans that hydroelectric dams will run at maximum power. Inthe long run, however, the melting of Earth's glaciers could becatastrophic. Today's extra hydroelectric power has been stolenfrom the future. Communities with ample power now may havenone after the glaciers have melted and have stopped fillingreservoirs. Likewise, water for irrigation, drinking,transportation, and nuclear power stations will slow to thelevels provided solely by rainfall. The loss of ice will increasesea levels worldwide.Temperature change and a lack of snow is causing the retreat of the glaciers. According to many scientists, our planet is getting warmer. In the Alps, for example, temperatures have risen an average of 1-1.5 degrees Celsius (1.8-3 degrees Fahrenheit) since 1850. During the same period, Alpine glaciers in Switzerland have lost about half of their volume. Likewise, temperatures have changed in the Tien Shan Mountains in southern Kazakhstan. Researchers there have discovered a small rise in temperature, 0.5 degrees Celsius, over the last 50 years and even this is enough to reduce glaciers dramatically over time.As temperatures have increased, precipitation has decreased. Glaciers no longer build up during snowy winter months which also contributes to their decrease in size over in the long run.The warming of our globe is often blamed on human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels, especially in industrialized nations. Automobile emissions and industrial waste are increasing the quantity of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, possibly causing increased temperatures. However, scientists have not definitively tied human activity to the current temperature rise.Some scientists argue that global warming may be a normal trend of the Earth's temperature violations. One theory argues that we are near the end of a so-called "Little Ice Age", and that the retreat of the glaciers is a natural result of this cycle. Whether natural or produced by humans, there is little hope for the immediate future of glaciers as we know them.Complete the summary below by choosing no more than three words from the passage.Part V Translation (20 marks)Section A (10 marks)Translate the underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Top UK Universities Warn of Damage from Budget CutsThe heads of 20 of the UK's most prestigious universities have warned that government plans to cut funding will lead to a higher education "meltdown".In an article for the Guardian, the Russell Group said the gold standard education they now offer would be reduced to one of bronze or worse. (76) Universities are facing cuts of more than ￡900m over the next three years, and fear worse is still to come. The government said funding for frontline teaching was protected.The strongly worded article by the university heads is intended as a dire warning against forcing universities to bear the brunt of the need to slash public spending after the general election.It said: "(77) It has taken more than 800 years to create one of the world's greatest education systems and it looks like it will take just six months to bring it to its knees. Such huge cuts in university budgets would have a devastating effect not only on students and staff, but also on Britain's international competitiveness, economy and ability to recover from recession."The Russell Group, which includes Oxford and Cambridge universities as well as Warwick and Glasgow among others, said the upshot would be universities facing the closure of hundreds of courses, with fewer academic staff and bigger closes. (78) It said reports suggested that as many as 30 universities might not survive in their current form if even minimal funding cuts were introduced.The article also highlighted higher education spending in other countries. "(79) Nicolas Sarkozy has just announced an investment of 11 billion Euros in higher education in France, stating he wants 'the best universities in the world," it said. "Germany pumped a total of 18 billion Euros into promoting world-class research alongside university education, while Barack Obama ploughed an additional US$21 billion into federal science spending."(80) The article calls for ministers to consider reversing proposed cuts and for assurances that no further cuts will be imposed.Section B (10 marks)Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into English. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.中国2010年上海世博会吉祥物的名字叫“海宝(Haibao)”，意即“四海之宝”。
2010年医学博士英语真题及答案
2010 医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven't had a bite all day.Question: What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Now let's begin with question Number 1.1. A. She's looking for a girl.B. She needs a new purse.C. She's going to give a birthday party.Sample AnswerA B C DD. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2. A. She bears noises in her ears day and night.B. She has been overworking for a long time.C. Her right ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D. Her ear rings are giving her trouble day and night.3. A. He'll go to see Mr. White at 10:30.B. He'd like to make an earlier appointmentC. He'd like to cancel the appointment.D. He'd like to see another dentist.4. A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C. 8:40 D. 8:455. A. In a hotel. B. At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D. In the department store.6. A. To resign right away.B. To work one more day as chairman.C. To think twice before he makes the decision.D. To receive further training upon his resignation.7. A. She didn't do anything in particular.B. She send a wounded person to the ER.C. She had to work in the ER.D. She went t skiing.8. A. A customs officer. B. The man's mother.C. A school headmaster.D. An immigration officer.9. A. It feels as if the room is going around.B. It feels like a kind of unsteadinessC. It feels as if she is falling down.D. It feels as if she is goingaround.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree.B. John himself should be blamedC. John has a dog that barks a lot.D. John is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult,B. The chemistry homework is fun.C. The math homework is difficult.D. The math homework is fun.I2. A. His backache.B. His broken leg,C. His skin problem.D. His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox and measles.B. Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C. Whooping cough, smallpox and German measles.D.Whooping cough, chickenpox and German measles14. A. Saturday morning, B. Saturday night.C. Sunday afternoon.D. Next weekend.15. A. He's lost his notebook.B. His handwriting is messy.C. He'll miss class later this week.D. He cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirection: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B. He has just undergone an operation.C.He has just recovered from an illness.D. He will be discharged from the hospital this afternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs.B. He had his gallbladder inflamed.C. He was suffering from influenza.D. He had developed a big kidney stone.18. A. A lot better. B. Terribly awful.C. Couldn't be better.D. Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B. To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C. To stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D. To move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B. From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D. From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleep deprivation.B. The link between weight gain and sleep deprivation.C. The link between weight loss and physical exercise.D. The link between weight gain and physical exercise.22. A. More than 68,000. B. More than 60,800.C. More than 60,080,D. More than 60,008.23. A. Seven-hour sleeper gained more weight over time than 5-hour ones.B. Five-hour sleepers gained mote weight over t/me than 7-hour ones.C. Short-sleepers were 15% more likely to become obese.D. Short-sleepers consume fewer calories than long sleepers:24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B. Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C. Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.D. Higher metabolic rate resulting from less sleep,25. A. Exercise every day. B. Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D. Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B. She asks too many questions.C. She is always considerate of my feelings.D. She is the meanest mother in the neighborhood.27. A. A university instructor B. A teaching assistant.C. A Ph.D. student. D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no. B. They usually say yes.C. They usually wait and see.D. They usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident. B. Their brains grow too fast.C. They are psychologically dependent.D. Their brains are still immature in some areas .30. A. Be easy on your teen. B. Try to be mean to your teen.C. Say no to your teen when necessary.D. Don't care about your teen's feelings.Part II. Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the statements are incomplete, beneath each of which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can best complete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31. A number of black youths have complained of being by the police.A. harassedB. distractedC. sentencedD. released32. He rapidly became with his own power in the team.A. irrigatedB. irradiatedC. inoculatedD. intoxicated33. Throughout his political career he has always been in the .A. twilightB. spotlightC. streetlightD. torchlight34. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don't have definite proof.A. suspend B: supervene C. supervise D. suspect35. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can no longer besatisfactorily .A. alleviatedB. abolishedC. demolishedD. diminished36. The television station is supported by from foundations and other sources.A. donationsB. pensionsC. advertisementsD. accounts37. More legislation is needed to protect the properly rights of the patent.A. integrativeB. intellectualC. intelligent D, intelligible38. Officials are supposed to themselves to the welfare and health of the general public.A. adaptB. confineC. commitD. assess39. You should stop your condition and do something about it.A. drawing onB. touching onC. leaning onD. dwelling on40. The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen into human nature.A. perspectiveB. dimensionC. insightD. reflectionSection BDirections: In this section each of the following statements has a word or. phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark. the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET,41. The chemical was found to be detrimental to human health.A. toxicB. immuneC. sensitiveD. allergic42. It will be a devastating blow for the patient, if the clinic closes.A. permanentB. desperateC. destructiveD. sudden43. He kept telling us about his operation in the most graphic detail.A. verifiableB. explicitC. preciseD. ambiguous44. The difficult case tested the ingenuity of even the most skillful physician.A. credibilityB. commitment C; honesty D. talent45. He left immediately on the pretext that hah ad to catch a train.A. claimB. clueC. excuseD. circumstance46. The nurse was filled with remorse for not believing her.A. anguishB. regretC. apologyD. grief47. The doctor tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.A. delicateB. communicativeC. skillfulD. considerate48. Whether a person likes a routine office job or not depends largely on temperament.A. dispositionB. qualificationC. temptationD. endorsement49. The doctor ruled out Friday's surgery for the patient's unexpected complications.A, confirmed B. facilitated C. postponed D. cancelled50. It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.' A. cautious B. motionless C: calm D. alertPart IlI Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D listed below the passage, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at least 15% less than their normal weight.The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or {he disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only 6l pounds.A person with anorexia first develop joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in theblood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young woman's breathing, heartbeat,, and. blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, sometimes causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves. They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may suffer from fearfulness or continued deep sadness. Called depression. They may become dependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 . For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.Anorexia is a serious eating 60 . lf it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.51. A, specifically B. purposely C. particularly D .passionately52. A. from B. of C. at D. in53. A. kill B. starve C. abuse D. worsen54, A. When B. While C . As D. Since55. A. lost B. derived C. generated D. synthesized56. A. what B. why C. how D. which57. A, good B. high C. lower D. poor58. A. represent B. make C. present D. exert59. A. medication B. illusion C motion D. action :60. A. habit B. behavior C. disorder D. patternPart IV. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this section there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, 13, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneChildren should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobile phone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emitThe independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we don't fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach, particularly in relation to children.There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have sort ofbiological effect on the brain.John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation andResearch Agency's site at Portan Down, agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. "If you have a developing nervous system, it's known to be more susceptible to environmental insults," he says. "So if phones did prove to be hazardous -- which they haven't yet -- it would be sensible."In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain. "What we've found is an effect, but we don't know if it's hazardous," he says.Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children's exposure would be greater. "There's a lot less tissue in the way, and the skull is thinner, so children's heads are considerably closer," he says.Stewart's report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. "The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary," says Michael Clark of the National Radiological Protection Board. "But we accept that it's difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body."61. Just because it has not been confirmed yet whether mobile phone emissions can harm humantissue, according to the government report, it does not mean that .A. the government should prohibit children from using cell phonesB. we should put down the phone for the sake of safetyC. the industry can have a right to promote phone useD. children are safe using cell phones62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrain mobile phone use by children in term ofA. their neural developmentB. their ill-designed cell phonesC. the frequency of their irrational useD. their ignorance of its possible health effects63. On the issue in question, Preece .A. does not agree with TattersallB. tries to remove the obstacles in the wayC. asks for further investigationD. would stand by Stewart64. What is worrisome at present is that the UKA. is going to turn deaf ears to the voice of Stewart's planB. finds it difficult to cut the current safety standards on phone useC. maintains different standards on safety limit from the international onesD. does not even impose safety limit on the mobile phones' energy emissions65. Which of the following can be the best candidate for the title of the passage?A. Brain Wave.B. For Adults Only.C. Catch Them Young.D. The Answer in the Air.Passage TwoAdvances in cosmetics dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and mom openly today than even in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.Evidence of the smile's ascent may be seen in famous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs, voluptuous nudes, or middle-classfamily members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains (like the torturers inmartyrdom and crucifixion scenes) may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator of Yale University's Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples of Leonardo's Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the "Smiley Face" logo perfected (though not invented) in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey R. Ball.In some non-Western cultures, Trumble notes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarilyindicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to be openly displayed.Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public. "Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the 'true' smile," and .therefore suggest insincerity or lack of enthusiasm, he says.With tattooing, body piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow's beauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These corner-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one's favorite celebrity.What can you say to that except "Have a nice day"?66. Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, .A. people would not have been as happy as they are today .B. the rate of facial birth defects would not have declinedC. there would not have been many more open smilesD. we would not have seen smiling faces in public67. According to the passage, it seems that whether there is a smile et not in the portraits or pictures is decidedbyA. one's internal sense of the external worldB. one's identity or social positionC. one's times of existenceD. all of the above68. Trumble's study on smiles shows that .A. an open smile can serve as a cover-upB. the famous portraits radiate varying smilesC. even the human muscles can arouse varying emotionsD. smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures69. What Trumble expects to see is .A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in publicB. further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western culturesC. a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smilesD. more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public70. At the end of the passage, the author implicates .A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advancesB. an identical smile for everybodyC. future changes in life styleD. the future of smilesPassage ThreeAdolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the help of penicillin made by theAllies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from- bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffiel , a noted historian of microbiology.In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals first-hand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Thee Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler's desk, Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recenttranslation of Morrell's own diary .I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillinjumped out at me," he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got thedrug. At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies; German and Czechoslovakian: teams had tried without much success to make it, Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. "It's generally accepted that it was no good," says Wainwright.He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infectious if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. "My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy position as Hitler's doctor, would only have used pure stuff." And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get it?Wainwright's investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such as Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children."I have proof the Allies were sending it to these countries," says Wainwright. 'I'm saying thiswould have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler's doctor and the higher echelons of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.""We can never be certain it saved Hitler's life," says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler's henchmen, Reinhard Heydrich, otherwise known as the "Butcher of Prague died from blood poisoning after surviving a car-bomb assassination attempt. "Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicaemia," says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.71. According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler .A. might have used biological weapons in the warB. could not have committed suicide as confirmedC. could have died of bacterial infectionD. might have survived a bacterial plague72. Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf HitlerA. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacksB. was anxious to have penicillin developed in his countryC. received an injection of penicillin for blood poisoningD. was suspected of being likely to get infected73. As Wainwright reasons, Hitler's personal doctorA. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to himB. need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infectionC. would have had every reason to assassinate himD. must have tried to produce penicillin74. Wainwright implies that the Third ReichA. met the fate of collapse as expectedB. butchered millions of lives on the earthC. was severely struck by bacterial plaguesD. did have channels to obtain penicillin75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. How Hitler Manage to Survive Assassination Attempts?B. Morrel Loyal to His German Premier?C. Hitler Saved by Allied Drugs?D. Penicillin Abused in German?Passage FourGet ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn't involve huffing andpuffing as you burn off calories, Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while themachine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body's effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on its own, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. "The smart thing is that we've put them in one machine."And it is not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition aschildren develop, while patients remover from injury, or during pregnancy, And since it uses radiowaves rather than X-rays, Tapp's device is safe to use repeatedly.Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that is not fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.To find out a body's volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight to give the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject's volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body's resistance. But this method does not take body shape into account -- so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That is because skinny legs -- with a lower cross-sectional area -- will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower -- rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.Tapp's method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.76. The new machine is designedA. to picture the body's hidden fatB. to identify those at risk for obesityC. to help clinically treat specific casesD. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects77. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is thatA. it performs a dual functionB. it is of great accuracy in measurementC. it has significant implications in clinical practiceD. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy78. Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential to spare?A. A minuscule current.B. A radioactive tracer.C, A water tank.D. All of the above.79. In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scannerA. quickens the pace of the patient's rehabilitationB. is highly appreciated for its safetyC. features its measuring precisionD. is easy to operate in the clinic80. For scanning, all the subject has to do isA. take up a form of workout in the gymB. mm round the body fat scannerC. lie on the electromagnetic fieldD. stand in the systemPassage FiveThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula atuniversities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields.Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject.Both are wonderful experiences that are complementary practical and aesthetic ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint yon see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure.So it is with science, Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by computer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed.Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists are sometimes ridiculed with names such as "nerd" or "technocrats", generalists are often criticized for being too "soft" or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering.81. From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see。
2010年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛试卷及答案(D类)
2010 National English Contest for College Students(Level D—Preliminary)(总分：150分，答题时间：120分钟)Part I Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the question and three choices marked A,B and C, and decide which is the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.1.What‘s the weather like during Jack‘s holiday?A. It is snowing.B. It is sunny.C. It is raining.2.When wkll Rob have his nest driving lesson?A.On Monday.B. On Saturday.C. On Friday.3.How much do the woman‘s sports socks cost?A.$2.50.B.$3.99.C.$5.oo.4.why will Colin be home late ?A.He played football with his friends after school.B.He had to wait a long time for the bus.C.He did his homework at John‘s house.5.Where is the fish market?(图无法编制)Section B (10 marks)In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, read the five questions, each with the three choices markde A, B and C, and decide which is the best choice. Then mark the correspngding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.Conversation 16.When was Pan‘s accident?A.Yesterday.B. Two days ago.C.A week ago.7.What happened to Pam?A.She got kicded when riding a horse.B.She fell off her bicycle on her wqy to the boat club.C.She fell into the water while sailing a boat.8.Which part o f Pam‘s bofy got injured in the accident?A.One of her arms.B.Her brother.C. Her parents.9.Who will Pam stay with when she leaves hospital?A.After dinner.B. During lunch time.C. In the afternoon.10.When is the hospital open to visitors?A.Afer dinner.B. During lunch time.C. In the afternoon.Conversation 211.When did Jane and her family go to Scotland?A.In June.B.InJuly. C In August.12.What was the weather like during their holiday for most of the time?A.Windy.B. Wet.C. Sunny.13.How much did Jane‘s ticket for the boat trip cost?A.$12.B. $15.C. $20.14.Where did Jane‘s family stay in the Scottish village?A.In a guest-house.B. On a camp-site.C. At a hotel.15.What did Jane say about the village pub?A.Rather expensive.B. Nice and Friendly. C Very small.Section C (5 marks)In this section, you will hear a monologue. The monologue will be read only once. At the end of the monologue, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the five questions, each with three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.16.Where was George Weekes born?A.In Jamaica.B.In london.C.In Manchester.17.What does George say about his parts of London?A.It is a place well worth visiting.B. .It has problem as well as advantages.C. .It is the city‘s center.18.What does George‘s wife‘s favorite shop sell?A.ClothesB.Food.C.Books.19.Why does George like the bookshop?A.The books there are inexpensive.B.He can talk about his books to the customers there.C.It has many books he likes to read.20.Where does George sometimes go for a run?A.Along the river bank.B.It the country.C.On a farm.Section D(10 marks)In this section,there is a short passage which will be read twice. Listen to the passage carefully,and the blanks with the words or phrases you hear on the tape. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.E xercise is essential for mind,body and(21)_____.It‘s one of the best ways to(22)_____when all around you everything seems more and more unbalanced and the world becomes ever more fast and(23)_____.Don‘t groan because this is yet another article about(24)____.The reason why there are so many is that it is (25)_____good for you.There are plenty of reasons why you should exercise and very few –for most of us-why you should‘t.Exercise improves muscle(26)____and provides quick changes in(27)_____.It improves muscle power and promotes good posture-the way in which you hold your body when sitting or standing.It helps(28)____muscle imbalances which can lead to injuries.It provides quick improvement in(29)____such as things,stomach and upper arms.It imprves the condition of the heart and lungs and(30)_____.Part IIvocabulary and structure(15marks)There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part.For each blank, there are four choices markedA,B,CandD.Choose the one that best complets the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a sheet with a single line through the center.31.A webmaster is responsible_____developing and maintaining the Web site belonging to an organization or company.A.onB.aboutC.forD.to32.Each of the fifty US states has its own flag;in addition to this; each one has a state bird,____the mockingbird for Florida.A.of whichB.such asC.as forD.as well33.The comedian told the audience_____both hands every time they heard the word cat.A.for raisingB.who rise Cthat raise D.to raise34.Lorie waited over an hour for Ken.He really____have called her,don‘t you think?A.mustB.wouldC.mayD.should35.Please are a favorite subject for photographers because of____produced by the ice.A.cherishB.respectC.attendD.consider36.Icebergs are a favorite subject for photographers because of____produced by the ice.A.the remarkably vividB.the vivid blue remarkableC.remarkably the blue vivid.D.blue the vivid remarkable.37.You might not care about visiting your parents, but it___a lot to them.A.attachesB.associatesC.mattersD.concerns38.Please put the sauce on the side___on top of the chicken.A.owing toB.but forC.instead ofD.apart from39.There are many problems_____ the new program.A.adapted toB.concentrated onC.depended on Drelated to40.There‘s no reason to____me to do it now.I‘ll do it on my own later.A.punishB.controlC.forceD.insist41.If you buy twenty or more,you will get a____.A.favorB.meritC.discountD.budgest42.Some people believe that if you___a mirror,you___have seven years of bad luck.A.break;willB.will break;wouldC.break;wouldD.broke;will43.Fred:Thank you for a lovely evening.Amanda:I‘m glad you enjoyed it.Fred:_____Amanda:Yes,that‘d be nice. B YE THEN .Drive carefully.AThe food is very delicious. B.Do you want to go with me?C.It‘s really nice walking with you.D.You must over to our place next time. 44．Tom: So, ____ ?Boris: Oh, nothing much.The usual things,you know.Tom: Mm...still working at the same place,I suppose?Boris:Yes,that‘s right.A. what have you been up toB. What did you say just nowC. what can I do for youD. What happened to you45. Emily: _____?Scott: Yes, it certainly is.Emily: About time too—after all that rain we had.Scott:Yes, I know. That‘s why we went away this year.A.Is there anything I can do for youB.Is it suitable for you to goC.Is it a sunny day todayD.Isn‘t this weather fantasticPart III Cloze ( 10 marks )Read the passage and fill in each bank with one word. Choose the word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word, or by using some given letter of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Many of the things we do depend ( 46 )____ receiving information from other people.( 47 ) Ca___ a train, making a phone call and going to the cinema all involve information which is stored, ( 48 ) pro ____ and communicated. In the past this information used to be kept on paper in the ( 49 ) f ___ of , for example, books, newspapers and timetables. Now more and more information is put on computers.Computer play an important ( 50) ___ in our everyday lives, sometimes without us even ( 51) ___ ( realize) it. Consider the use of computers in both shops and offices. Big shops, ( 52 ) es ___ chain stores with branches all over the country, have to deal with very large amounts of information. They have to make sure there are enough goods on the shelves for customers to buy. They need to be able to re-order before stocks run ( 53 ) ___ and to decide which things are selling well and so on. All these processes get performed quickly and ( 54 ) effi ___ by computer.A lot of office work in the past involved information on paper. Once it had been dealt with by people,the paper was put away for future reference. This way of doing things was not ( 55 ) _____ ( particular ) easy or fast. A computerized system is much more efficient.Parrt IV Reading Comprehension ( 40 marks )Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. Respond to the questions accrding to the passage. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Section A ( 10 marks )When we think of good health, we almost always think about eating good food and doing exercise. However, geting enough sleep and dreaming are also part of good healh.After a hectic day of work and play, the body needs to rest, and sleep is the body‘s response to this need. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get whilesleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeeper than the one before. When you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to another.Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep say that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs move more quickly ( although your eyelids are closed ).This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement. Not only all humans, but all mammals have been shown to experience this REM stage. Dreaming is a normal and necessary part of a good sleeping pattern, but no one knows why we dream.If you have trouble falling asleep, there are a few possible ways of solving this problem. Some people recommend breathing very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!Questions 56—57: Read the questions and four choices marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best choice according to the passage.56. Which of the follwing is not mentioned as having to do with good health?A. Eating good food.B. Doing exercise every day.C. Getting enough sleep and dreamingD. Having medical examinations regularly.57. After you reach the fourth level of sleep, ____ from one level to anotheer.A. your muscles relax graduallyB. your body shifts back and forthC. your heart beats more slowlyD. your brain slows downQuestions 58—60: Complete each of the following statements with no more than six words according to the passage.58. Scientists find that ________one‘s eyeballs move more quickly although th eir eyelids are closed.59. No one has any idea ________, though dreaming is a normal and necessary part ofa good sleeping pattern.60. Breathing slowly and deeply, drinking warm milk or ________ help a person to feel drowsy and go to sleep.Section B (10 marks)The Sunning dale HotelThe sunning dale Hotel was built in 1910 and opened by Princess Louise. It has provided excellent service for from all over the world and people of all ages and nationalities have stayed here. During the past 100 years over 50,000 guests from 174 different countries have visited Sunning dale.The hotel is no one of the main roads leading to the town center. It is about 20minutes by bus from the center of town, and buses to many other parts of the town stop outside the hotel. Guests should be careful not to travel on buses with the blue sign Express on the front because they do not stop near our hotel. An underground is less than 100 meters away.The main building has 200 well-furnished, centrally-heated single rooms, each fitted with hot and cold water basins. Showers, baths and toilets are at the end of all corridors.The hotel has a shop, sitting rooms, four television rooms, table tennis room, library and laundry. There are also eight pianos available for guests‘ use. There are spaces to park cars in the hotel drive.Daily newspapers are provided free and stamps can be bought at the office. Guests who stay for long period must pay for their accommodation weekly in advance and one week‘s no tice is required for departures. Short or long term guests are welcome but long term guests are offered rooms first.No animal of any description or fires of any type (either for heating food or heating the room) are allowed, and guests are requested to respect the comfort of others. If you have tapes or CDs, please try to keep the noise level down to a minimum, especially between the hours of 11 pm and 8 am.Guests are advised to use taxis to get to hotel if they arrive by train because we are some distance from the railway station.Question 61-63: Read the above advertisement carefully, and then tell whether statements 61 to 63 are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.61. An express bus will take you from the hotel to the center of the town.61. The hotel provides facilities for washing clothes.63. The hotel offers better service to guests who stay for a long time.Questions 64-65:complete each of the following statements with no more than six words according to the passage.64. You should not play loud music in the hotel, especially during the hours ____________.65. If you arrive in the town by train, you‘d better ___________ to the hotel.Section C (10 marks)Novels, magazines, and newspapers- many people read these in their spare time. These days it is easy for most of us to get hold of the latest books or magazines. We can go to bookstores, order them through the Internet, or borrow them from the local library. Now imagine having to walk miles and miles through a lot sandy desert just to borrow a book. This is the reality for people living in villages of the Garissa region of Kenya in East Africa.In2006, librarian Wycliffe Oluoch used to spend each day waiting for people to come to borrow some of the 24,000 books in his library in Garissa. The library had no shortage of books, but people weren‘t coming to read them. It was too much effort to walk through the desert just to borrow books. Oluoch racked his brain for ways to attract people into the library. After a lot of thought, he hit upon a great idea. If people wouldn‘t come to the library, then he would have to take the library to them. Oluochstrapped boxes of books onto the backs of camels and invented the Mobile Camel Library.Starting with three camels in 2006, but more recently expanding the service to six camels, the Mobile Library serves over one million people. Twice a month, the camel library can be seen carrying books all around the Garissa region. These hard-working animals need little water and can altogether carry up to 1,200 kilograms of books across the sands. A librarian, a library assistant, a herdsman and a lookout all travel with the camels. The lookout helps protect the books from thieves.The children of Garissa love the camel library appreciate Oluoch‘s efforts. Eleven-year-old Mohamud Mohamed read his books carefully and always returns them on time. He knows the Garissa library punishes people for losing books, just like any other library. However, the punishment is very stiff compared to that of other libraries. However, the punishment is very stiff compared to that of other libraries. If someone in village loses a book, the camel library stops visiting the village.Read the above passage carefully and answer questions 66 to 70. Complete each answer with no more than 10 words.66.Why didn‘t people visit the library in Garissa?67.How many kilograms of books does each camel carry?68.what makes camels good animals to carry books through the desert?69.What‘s the responsibility of the lookout in the Mobile Camel Library?70.What‘s the punishment if aperson loses abook?Section DA few years ago, people in England voted for the greateast person of all time from their country. They were not just voting for the most famous persin ever. They were voting for the people who had an impact on history.During this vote, anyone could add a person‘s name to the list, so the final list of names was quite long. It included people who were famous and unknown, rich and poor, loved and hated.Before the final deadline, about one million people filled out this surey. The Brits on the final out this surey.The brits on the final list inclued mang people famous not only from England, but around the world as well. For example, Princess Diana, Tony Blair, John Lennon, and Shakespeare were four famous people ranked hign on the list. Although there of these people ranked high on the list, none was chosen as the greatest Brit. In the end, the winner was Winston Churchill, who received more than 400,000 votes.Why did so many people think Churchill was great? He led England as Prime Minister during World War II. During the war, Germany sent planes to bomb England, and the time, many people were afraid Germany would win the war. But Churchill gave the people in England hope through his speeches. He also woked with Roosevelt in the United States and Stalin in Russia to win the war against Hitler, so he became an important man in world history as well.Churchill is quite famous for things that he said and wrote, In fact, he won the Nobel Prize in literature for his writing. Some things that Churchill said were humorous while other things were serious. Also some things he said have become common sayings in English. For example, he was the firiet person to use the words―the Iron Curtain ‖ to talk about Russia‘s control of Eastern Europe. Some of Churchill‘s most famous quotes are ―It is no use saying, ‗We‘re doing our best.‘ You have got to succeed in doing what is necessary,‖ and ―Never, never, never give up. ‖ Many quotes from Winston Churchill can be found in books like the Oxford Dictionary of Quotations.Read the passage carefully and then complete each space in the summary, using a maximum of there words from the passage.Summary:There was a survey in England to find the greast Brit___. Some of the famous names on the list include Princess Diana and Shakespeare, but more than 400,000 people___for Winston Churchill as the greatest Brit. Churchill___England during World War II. He is also famous not only for what he did but also for what he___. In fact, many___by Churchill can be found in the Oxford Dictionary.Part V TranslationSection ATranslate the underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.(76) Tea is a kind of drink made by pouring boiling water onto processed tea tree leaves. China was the first country ti produce tea. In the everyday life of Chinese people, tea is a very common drink.Chinese tea culture has a long history. Originally tea was used as a kind of medicine instead of a drink. (77) It was said that Shennong, a legendary person in ancient China, tasted a lot of plants and was poisoned many times. It was tea that cured him of the poisons. (78) Later, the ancient Chinese got to know more about tea, which became a drink instead of being regarded as a kind of medicine. The Chinese tea culture was formed gradually.It is recorded that tea was used as a drink in the Western Han Dynasty. (79) During the Three Kingdoms Period, drinking tea was very popular, at least in the Kingdom of Wu in southern China.(80)During the Wei Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, drinking tea was the fashion for people with high social status. Some literary writings about tea came into being, for exampl e, in the Jin Dynasty. Du Yu‘s Xiangmingfu(《香茗赋》)was a work representative of the tea literature of the time.Section BTranslate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.81.我第一次去南京时住过的金陵宾馆在汉中路上。
2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析
2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension:1. A2. A3. B4. B5. C6. C7. C8. D9. D 10. B11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. C21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. CPart Ⅱ. Vocabulary31 . A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. C41. A 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. D 50. CPart ⅢCloze51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. A 59. D 60. CPart Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension61. D 62. A 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. D 70. C71. C 72. D 73. A 74. B 75. C 76. A 77. A 78. D 79. C 80. D81. B 82. C 83. C 84. C 85. B 86. A 87. A 88. C 89. C 90. BPart Ⅱ. Vocabulary31. A 本句大意：一些黑人青年投诉说受到了警察骚扰。
选项A. 骚扰；B. 分散注意力；C. 判刑；D. 释放。
选项A符合原句意思，是正确答案。
32. D 本句大意：他迅速沉湎于他的权力。
选项A. irrigated灌溉；B. irradiated照射；C. inoculated接种过疫苗的；D. intoxicated沉湎于。
人大考博英语(2010-2017)
历年真题2017年中国人民大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题PartⅡReading Comprehension(40%)Directions:There are4reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D．You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET．Questions16to20are based on the following passage．Sometimes,over a span of many Years,a business will continue to grow,generating ever-increasing amounts of cash,repurchasing stock,paying increased dividends,reducing debt, opening new stores,expanding production facilities,moving into new markets,etc.,while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant(or even falls)．When this happens,the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range．Take,for example,Wal-Mart.Over the past five years,the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over80％,profits by over100％,and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30％during that timeframe.Clearly,the valuation picture has changed.An investor that read the annual report back in2000or2001might have passed on the security,deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio.Today,however,the equation is completely different--despite the stock price,WalMart is,in essence,trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend,twice the earnings power, more stores,and a bigger infrastructure.Home Depot is in much the same boat,largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world's largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy．Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon.Ten years ago,in1996, the stock traded between a range of$36．10and$54．30per share.At the time,it had reported earnings per share of$1．40and paid a cash dividend of$0．50per share.Corporate per share book value was$2．48．Last year,the stock traded within a range of$40．30 and$45．30per share;squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior!Yet,despite the stagnant stock price,the2006estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share standaround$2．16(a rise of54％),the cash dividend has more than doubled to$1．20, book value is expected to have grown to$7．40per share(a gain of nearly300％),and the total number of shares outstanding(未偿付的，未完成的)has actually decreased from2．481 billion to an estimated2．355billion due to the company's share repurchase program．16．This passage is probably a part of______．A．Find Hidden Value in the Market B．Become RicherC．Get Good Bargains D．Identify Good Companies17．The italicized word“stagnant”(line4,Para.1)can be best paraphrased as______．A．prominent B．terrible C．unchanged D．progressing18．Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price becauseA．it has stored a large quantity of goodsB．it has become financially more powerfulC．it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcyD．it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies19．All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT______．A．the cash dividend has increasedB．the earning power has become strongerC．both businesses have continued to growD．the stock price has greatly decreased20．According to the author,one had better______．A．buy more shares when the stock price falls downB．sell out the shares when the stock price falls downC．do some research on the value.of a business when its stock price falls downD．invest in the business when its stock price fails downQuestions21to25are based on the following passage．Today's college students are more narcissistic(自恋的)and self-centered than their predecessors,according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society．“We need to stop endlessly repeating'You're special'and having children repeat that back,”said the study's lead author,Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University.“Kids are self-centered enough already.”“Unfortunately,narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society,including the breakdown of close relationships with others,”he said.The study asserts that narcissists“are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived,at risk for infidelity,lack emotional warmth,and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty,and over-controlling and violent behaviors”.Twenge,the author of“Generation Me：Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident,Assertive,Entitled--and More Miserable Than Ever Before”,said narcissists tend to lack empathy,react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others．Some analysts have commended today's young people for increased commitment to volunteer work.But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically,noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications．Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的)that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies.“Permissiveness seems to be a component,”he said.“A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting.Less indulgence might be called for.”Yet students,while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings,don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation．Hanady Kader,a University of Washington senior,said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded.But she is dismayed(气馁；心,)by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status.“We're encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want,and nobody should stand in your way,”Kader said.“I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships.”Kari Dalane,a University of Vermont sophomore,says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered.“People are worried about themselves--but in the sense of where are they're going to find a place in the world,”she said.“People want to look their best,have a good time,but it doesn't mean they're not concerned about the rest of the world.”Besides,some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome,Dalane said.“It would be more depressing if people answered,'No,I'm not special.'”21．According to the passage,a narcissistic person may21．According to the passage,a narcissistic person may______．A．hate criticism B．be dishonest to his/her partnerC．be unwilling to help others D．All the above．22．The italicized word“commended”(line1,Para.3)means______．A．praised B．criticized C．recommended D．disfavored23．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．Narcissism may result in bad consequences．B．College students are active to participate in volunteer work．C．Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge．D．Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion．24．It is implied that______．A．both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissism B．the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC．the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the study D．college students are pessimistic about their future25．It is proper to be when you hear someone say“I'm special”．A．objective B．pessimistic C．optimistic D．worriedQuestions26to30are based on the following passage．The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries．The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards,instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election,which can occur more than50days after the card vote is completed．Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill.The National Association of Manufacturers,The National Federation of Independent Business,the U.S.Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers.“This isn't about preventing increased unionization, it's about protecting rights”,said the National Association of Manufacturer's Jason Straczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill.Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion(旨迫,胁迫)from unions．Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers.“Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren't,”Samuel said.He cites the31,358cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in2005．Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby,the secret ballot would not be eliminated.The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers.“On the ground,the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day,”said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council,who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level．The bill has other provisions(规定，条款)as well.The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration(促裁)when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a con-tract after3months.An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect for2years,a fact that Straczewski calls,“borderline unconstitutional”.“I don't see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract,”said Straczewski．The bill's proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers.The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service,the organization that oversees arbitration,reported that in2004,45percent of newly formed unions were deniedfirst contracts by employers.The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees.As it stands,the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in1935．The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages．26．Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A．House bill aims to spur labor union growth．B．House bill aims to counter labor union growth．C．Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employment．D．Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees'income．27．According to its opponents,the bill______．A．will protect employees'rightsB．will benefit workers by binding contractsC．will empower unions too muchD．makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions28．The word“it”(line5,Para.5)refers to______．A．the change B．the legislationC．the AFL-CIO D．the difference29．People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPTA．the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industries B．the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local levelC．binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract can't be agreed on betweena recently established union and a companyD．the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employ ees30．It is implied that______．A．fewer private industries joined unions in the pastB．workers'coercion often comes from unionsC．the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersD．punishment authorized by the bill will be lighterQuestions31to35are based on the following passage．Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society,changing many people's views on race,history and politics.The following is a sampling of African Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals．Muhammad AllCassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville,Kentucky,learning to fight at age12after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself.Six years later, he was an Olympic boxing champion,going on to win three world heavyweight titles.He became known as much for his swagger(趾高气扬)outside the ring as his movement in it, converting to Islam in1965,changing his name to Muhammad Ali and refusing to join the U.S.Army on religious grounds.Ali remained popular after his athletic career ended and he developed Parkinson's disease,even lighting the Olympic torch at the1996Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of Islam following the September11terrorist attacks．W.E．B．Du Bois(William Edward Burghardt Du Bois)Born in1868,this Massachusetts native was one of the most prominent,prolific intellectuals of his time.An academic,activist and historian,Du Bois co-founded the National Associationfor the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP),edited“The Crisis”magazine and wrote 17books,four journals and many other scholarly articles.In perhaps his most famous work,“The Souls of Black Folk”,published in1903,he predicted“the problem of20th century [would be］the problem of the colorline”．Martin Luther King Jr．The Rev.Martin Luther King Jr.is considered one of the most powerful and popular leaders of the American civil rights movement.He spearheaded(带头；作先锋)a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches,sit-ins,boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affect-ed Americans'attitudes toward race relations.He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in1964．Malcolm XBlack leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early1960s.He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following,which continued even after his death in1965．Interest in the leader surged again after Spike Lee's1992movie“Malcolm X”was released．Jackie RobinsonIn1947,Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming the first black baseball player in the U.S.major leagues.After retirement from baseball in1957,he remained active in civil rights and youth activities.In1962,he became the first African-American to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame．31．Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?A．He never served in the army．B．He learned to fight at an early age．C．His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing．D．He loves peace．32．The italicized word“prolific”(line2,Para.3)is synonymous to______．A．smart B．skilled C．productive D．pioneering33．According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT true?A．W.E．B．Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people．B．Jackie Robinson was denied by U.S.major baseball leagues throughout his life．C．Martin Luther King Jr.was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movements．D．Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his death．34．What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?A．Each achieved enormous success in his/her field and was highly recognized．B．Each was devoted to his/her cause but didn't win recognition until death．C．All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime．D．All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities．35．Which of the following can be a title of the passage?A．Life of Famous African AmericansB．Influence of Famous African AmericansC．Political Pioneers:Icons and intellectualsD．Cultural Pioneers:Icons and intellectualsPartⅢVocabulary(10％)Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word.And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．36．The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to______the weightof the building．A．subside B．idealize C．initiate D．sustain37．The actress was very______at the insulting question raised by her opponent at the conference．A．extraterrestrial B．explicit C．indignant D．innovative38．It is known to all that children in this region have strong______to swimming in summer because of the hot weather．A．inclination B．exposure C．flux D．correlation39．The torch was______by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting．A．implement B．deceive C．exemplify D．ignited40．These samples have to be______in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them．A．immersed B．crisped C．armored D．arrayed41．Her talk at the seminar clearly______from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology．A．alternated B．amplified C．designated D．diverged42．Three years______before he returned home from the United States．A．denoted B．destined C．elapsed D．enveloped43．A______plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities．A．deliberate B．disincentive C．functional D．fantastic44．Sometimes in drawing and designing,the sign X______the unknown number．A．facilitates B．fascinates C．denotes D．jots45．The speaker was very much______by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall．A．jerked B．incensed C．laced D．limped46．The two countries have developed a______relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade．A．managerial B．lethal C．metric D．cordial47．The doctor's______was that she should go and see the specialist in this field．A．constraint B．counsel C．coherence D．consciousness48．The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its______declaration in1970that oceans were the heritage of mankind．A．unanimous B．abstract C．autonomous D．almighty49．They need to move to new and large apartments.Do you know of any______ones in this area?A．evacuated B．empty C．vacant D．vacate50．The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get______quickly．A．decomposed B．denounced C．detached D．deduced51．The government decided to take a(n)______action to strengthen the market management．A．diverse B．durable C．epidemic D．drastic52．The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to______it．A．disgrace B．disguise C．defy D．distress53．They admitted that they shared the same______on the matter．A．potentiality B．sentiment C．Postscript D．subscription54．We cannot be______with him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday．A．pecked B．reconciled C．perturbed D．presumed55．Bad traveling conditions had seriously their progress to their destination in that region．A．tugged B．demolished C．hampered D．destroyedPartⅣCloze(10%)Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET．Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at sea level.Nearly one-third of all human beings live within36miles of a coastline.Most of the world's great seaport cities would be56:New Orleans, Amsterdam,Shanghai,and Cairo.Some countries--Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific--would be inundated.Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt,57large populations occupy lowlying areas,would suffer extreme 58．Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons,59in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world.60water quality may result as61flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable,natural62could be flooded with ocean water,destroying forever many of the63plant and animal species living there．Food supplies and forests would be64affected.Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture.Warmer temperatures would65grain-growing regions pole-wards.The warming would also increase and change the pest plants,such as weeds and the insects66 the crops．Human health would also be affected.Warming could67tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever,malaria,and other diseases.Heat stress and heat mortality could rise.The harmful68of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer 69There will be some70from warming.New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic,longer growing seasons further north will71new agricultural lands,and warmer temperature will make some of today'scolder regions more72But these benefits will be in individual areas.The natural systems --both plant and animal--will be less able than man to cope and73Any change of temperature,rainfall,and sea level of the magnitude now74will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well．The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must do everything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions75by global warming．56．A．ascended B．assaulted C．erased D．endangered 57．A．which B．where C．when D．what' 58．A．dislocation B．discontent C．distribution D．distinction 59．A．rebuking B．rambling C．resulting D．rallying 60．A．Increased B．Reduced C．Expanded D．Saddened 61．A．inland B．coastal C．urban D．suburban 62．A．dry-land B．mountain C．wetlands D．forest 63．A．unique B．precious C．interesting D．exciting 64．A．geologically B．adversely C．secretively D．serially 65．A．shift B．generate C．grease D．fuse66．A．hiking B．hugging C．attacking D．activating 67．A．endanger B．accommodate C．adhere D．enlarge68．A．profits B．values C．effects D．interests 69．A．conditions B．accommodation C．surroundings D．evolution 70．A．adjustments B．benefits C．adoptions D．profits 71．A．alternate B．abuse C．advocate D．create72．A．accidental B．habitable C．anniversary D．ambient 73．A．adapt B．alleviate C．agitate D．assert74．A．ascertained B．conformed C．consoled D．anticipated 75．A．tutored B．relayed C．triggered D．reflected PartⅤTranslation from English into Chinese(10%) Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese,and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET．Understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being.Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production. But the costs of energy—including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it,but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts—detract from well-being．For most of human history,the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefitside of the energy-well-being equation.Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of the technologies and organizations for harvesting,converting,and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience,deprivation and constraints on growth.The1970's,then,represented a turning point.After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs—and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status—energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects.It began to be probable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply.It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits．PartⅥWritingDirections:You are asked to write in no less than200words about the title of“Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China”.You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。
2010浙大考博英语听力原文与答案
2010浙大考博英语听力原文与答案An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, 1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event did not go smoothly.The park was overcrowded as theby-invitation-only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 °C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged gu ests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell soda. Theasphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland to close for the afternoon.Parents were throwing their children over the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur CarrouseThe park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel for them. Waltand his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as 【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years,Disney did officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as "Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the first person to buya ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre-purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the firsttwo. guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both recei-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas leak in Fantasyland ca used Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland to close for the afternoon.Parents were throwing their children over the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur CarrouseThe park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel for them. Waltand his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as 【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years,Disney did officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as "Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre-purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received 【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single Disney-owned park in the A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for $400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+Lowell’s ideaublications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as "Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as RoyO. Disney arranged to pre-purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both recei aduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.！ k！ t+V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward-thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth —the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in Boston on the arts, sciences, and naturcreation of the Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be taught.E volving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and grgovernment scholar A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by 1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of “concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry out more completely the iion’s precursor. His bequest is a trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to studentsregardless of gender, race, orage. The first Lowell lecture, on geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate “courses” —which were lecture series on a single topic — sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated was published in 1988. Grisham’s next novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near Charlottesville, Virginia.( u# P& F4 S/ J& T; yWhen he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six ballfields on his property and hosts children癟he Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.”作者：zjumseJohn Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, calledA Time to Kill, whichB. It earned Grisham great fame.C. It brought Grisham wealthD. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built ballfields onhis property ________.答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the childrenMy surprise over the past few winters has been the personality transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they change from Dad and Mominto Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full form.First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren never have to eat anything that doesnot appeal to them. Grandma carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into following her around the house, while Grandpa offers“surprises” of candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and Gran dpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly active kids.Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is “developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am “impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty jealousies.6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author ______.A. feels jealousB. feels amazedC. thinks it unnecessaryD. thinks it annoying7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets?A. They get highly energetic.B. They quiet down.C. They want more sweets.D. They go to bed.8. Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children?A. They behave very well.B. They like chocolate very much.C. They receive toys from their grandparents.D. They are having a lot of fun.The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins and gorillas （大猩猩）, says a report in New Scientist.While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, many projects are poorlydesigned and unr egulated, its says. “Many ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations”While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations.”4 B3 Q( C2 s; [3 e, a4 UEcotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year andan estimated 20 percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land useand not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their habitat by touristsand mongooses（蠓）have caught lung diseases from human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where visitor numbers are strictly control led, is a good model.241. Ecotourism is meant to ______.A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife"B. have wild species respond well to contact with humansC. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behaviorD. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______.A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habitB. strictly follow environmentally friendly policesC. actually lack proper examination and official approvalD. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present "ecotourism" practice goes on?A. It will disturb their life.B. It will affect their health.C. It will increase their stress.D. It will threaten their survival45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem is to ______.A. encourage people to manage endangered speciesB. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beingsC. help wild animals increase their fitnessD. prevent wildlife from catching human disease答案 BDC BAA ACDB（仅供参考）When you are old and grey and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire, take down this book,And slowly read, and dream of the soft lookYour eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;How many loved your moments of glad grace,And loved your beauty with love false or true,But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,And loved the sorrows of your changing face;And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how love fledAnd paced upon the mountains overheadAnd hid his face amid a crowd of stars.The furthest distance in the worldIs not between life and deathBut when I stand in front of youYet you don't know thatI love you.The furthest distance in the worldIs not when I stand in front of youYet you can't see my loveBut when undoubtedly knowing the love from both Yet cannot be together.The furthest distance in the worldIs not being apart while being in loveBut when I plainly cannot resist the yearningYet pretending you have never been in my heart. The furthest distance in the worldIs not struggling against the tidesBut using one's indifferent heartTo dig an uncrossable riverFor the one who loves you.倚窗远眺，目光目光尽处必有一座山，那影影绰绰的黛绿色的影，是春天的颜色。
2010英语专八真题及阅读详解
2010英语专八真题TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages.These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic featuresA.(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________B.Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresA.facial expressions1.(3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome2.less common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________B.gesturegestures are related to culture.1.British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________----- scratching head: puzzlement2.other cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________----- pointing at nose: secretC.proximity, posture and echoing1.proximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________2.posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude3.echoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockerySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1.According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2.According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3.According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racialmakeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4.During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5.According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6.What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7.Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to controlinflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8.According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9.Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10.The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and,particularly,on its image.“Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists.(黄包车并不是在那招呼游客的No.11答案) (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay itonce rained for about48hours.Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining,the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states,according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar.(在加尔各答, 他们谁在街上、睡在他们的黄包车内或在”dera”内, 那是由某个酋长管理的由车库、修理店和宿舍的结合. 由此推出拉黄包车的人生活水平很低, 即No.12答案) For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.(对于那些没有土地又没接受教育的人来说, 在Kolkata的生活总好过在Bihar那赚钱, 推出在Kolkata的收入更高, 即No.13答案)There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism.Ironically,some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws.(因为他们抵触人拉人这样的做法, 又或者是因为这不是他们这种有地位的人该做的事情, 又有可能是因为他们认为拉黄包车的人是殖民主义的遗留物.但讽刺的是, 他们中的一些人并不热心去反对黄包车, 由此推出这些人的态度是很复杂的, 即NO.14答案) The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.”Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid thecity of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by,say,Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers,who,after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.(又或者是, 就像我在2天的下雨天里, 能找到卖各种各样东西的人, 却找不到一个卖伞的, 表现作者幽默感.即NO.15答案) “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances.Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?”(哪个意见被采纳了?) I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,”(还没决定) he said.“When will it be decided?”(什么时候能决定下来?)“That hasn’t been decided,”(那也还没决定) he said.(由对话推出很难找到解决方法, 即NO.16答案)11.According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the followingEXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12.Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers fromBihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13.That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make aliving in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14.We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15.Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A.“…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.”(2paragraph)B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.” (4paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.” (7 paragraph).D.“…or,as I found during the48hours of rain,absolutely everything butumbrellas.” (6 paragraph)16.The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passageseems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average,as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.(在最民主的机构, 只有以受骗的人才会去排队, 这些人仍有信念, 并在队伍中慢慢等待. 多数的可怜的人啊. 根据上下文推出只有普通人才需要排队. 即NO.17答案)Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite"security lines and priority boarding(NO.18C),and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line (NO.18 B). This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines.On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores (NO.18 D).Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people.(必然地, 一些半平民主义者的政治家发现了他们和平民百姓一齐排队的好处NO.19) This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons,who don't wait,and Very Impatient Persons,who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17.What does the following sentence mean?“Once the most democratic ofinstitutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18.Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19.We can infer from the passage that politicians(including mayors andCongressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20.What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel,(在薄薄的大理石板背后是水泥和钢筋. NO.21) just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away,behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station.(NO.25 A) The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden,tropical,belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery.(NO.25 D) Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls,(NO.25 B)scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21.That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance. (在华丽外表的背后是现实的商业主义)B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22.The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. “…turned Babylonian”.B. “perhaps a new barbarism’.C. “acres of white napery”.D. “balanced to the last halfpenny”.23.In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the caféwas intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit(剥削) gullible(以受骗的) people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24.Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.(没提有没人)C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25.The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraphEXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26.The author’s attitude to the café isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world,Iceland may be spoken of,somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about.(NO.27) But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh.(NO. 28) For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right,earthquakes,plagues,starvation,volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed(29 D) in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands(29 B), and the people were seeing。