浙大考博英语真题部分考试

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考博士英语试题及答案

考博士英语试题及答案

考博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解(共40分)1. 阅读下列短文,然后根据短文内容回答问题。

(每题2分,共10分)[短文内容略](1) What is the main idea of the passage?(2) What does the author suggest about the future of technology?(3) Why are some people hesitant to adopt new technologies?(4) What is the role of education in technological advancement?(5) How can individuals contribute to the development of technology?2. 阅读以下文章,然后根据文章内容选择最佳答案。

(每题2分,共10分)[文章内容略](1) A(2) B(3) C(4) D(5) E3. 阅读以下文章,并根据文章内容回答问题。

(每题3分,共20分) [文章内容略](1) What is the primary purpose of the article?(2) How does the author describe the impact of globalization?(3) What are some of the challenges faced by developing countries?(4) What solutions does the author propose to address the issues?(5) What is the author's conclusion regarding the futureof globalization?二、词汇与语法(共30分)1. 根据句子意思,选择正确的词汇填空。

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1.As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming______: The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.(浙江大学2010年试题)A.interruptionB.descriptionC.qualificationD.contradiction正确答案:D解析:在给出的选项中:interruption“中断”;description“描述”;qualification “资格”;contradiction“矛盾”。

contradiction一词总结了原句中解释性分句表达的意思。

所以,正确答案是D。

2.The party leader justified his subsequent re-election______that he had brought political stability and economic development to his country.(浙江大学2010年试题)A.in the wayB.by no meansC.on the groundsD.to the extent正确答案:C解析:在给出的选项中:in the way“在路上”;by no means“绝不”;on thegrounds“基于”;to the extent“到……程度”。

所以,正确答案是C。

3. A leading British scholar has proposed translating Shakespeare into contemporary English______young audience who are confused by jokes which are 400 years out of date.(浙江大学2010年试题)A.in memory ofB.at the cost ofC.on behalf ofD.for the benefit of正确答案:D解析:在给出的选项中:in memory of“纪念”;at the cost of“以某种代价”;onbehalf of“代表”;for the benefit of“为了某人的利益”。

博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解

博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解

博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解Doctoral Entrance Examination in EnglishPart I: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question or complete each statement.Passage 1:Climate Change and Global WarmingClimate change refers to long-term changes in average weather patterns in a specific region or globally. Global warming, on the other hand, specifically refers to the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities. While some argue that global warming is a natural phenomenon, the overwhelming majority of scientists agree that human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, are the primary causes of climate change.1. According to the passage, what is the main cause of global warming?A. Natural phenomenaB. Human activitiesC. Average weather patternsD. Long-term changes in climateAnswer: B. Human activities2. What is the difference between climate change and global warming?A. Climate change is caused by human activities, while global warming is natural.B. Global warming refers specifically to changes in average weather patterns.C. Climate change refers to long-term changes in climate, while global warming is due to human activities.D. Global warming specifically refers to the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities.Answer: D. Global warming specifically refers to the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities.Passage 2:The Importance of BiodiversityBiodiversity refers to the variety of plant and animal species within a certain ecosystem. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the environment and supporting the overall health of ecosystems. Loss of biodiversity is a significant concern as it can lead to negative impacts on food security, climate stability, and overall ecosystem function.3. What is biodiversity?A. The variety of plant and animal species within a certain ecosystem.B. The balance of the environment.C. The health of ecosystems.D. The stability of climate.Answer: A. The variety of plant and animal species within a certain ecosystem.4. Why is loss of biodiversity a concern?A. It leads to an increase in food security.B. It has no impact on climate stability.C. It can negatively affect food security, climate stability, and ecosystem function.D. It supports overall ecosystem function.Answer: C. It can negatively affect food security, climate stability, and ecosystem function.Part II: Writing (60 points)Directions: In this section, write an essay on one of the following topics. Your essay should be approximately 400 words in length.1. The Impact of Technology on Society2. Education in the Digital Age3. The Importance of Cross-Cultural Communication4. Sustainable Development and Environmental ConservationPart III: Speaking (60 points)Directions: In this section, you will be asked to discuss one of the following topics. You will have five minutes to prepare your response and three minutes to present it.1. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Learning2. The Influence of Social Media on Relationships3. Effective Strategies for Time Management4. The Role of Government in Promoting Renewable EnergyDetailed explanations and model answers for Part II and Part III will be provided during the examination.Good luck with your doctoral entrance examination in English!。

浙大临床英语试卷(博士)

浙大临床英语试卷(博士)

Part I Single Choices1.Which of the following is WRONG according to the principle ofcollecting specimen ? BA. Specimen should be collected timely and during the “window period”B. Specimen should be collected after antibioticsC. Avoid contaminating the specimenD. Specimen should be kept at appropriate temperature2.Uncontrolled growth, invasion and B are 3 malignant 恶性的properties of cancer.A. AbnormalB. Metastasis转移C. TransformationD. Prognosis预后3.Which one is NOT included in Routine Blood Chemsitry Items? CA. Magnesium 镁B. LDL cholesterol低密度胆固醇C. Aldosterone 醛固酮D. Creatinine肌酸酐3.Holter monitor is a small portable device with a recording systemcapable of storing up to 24 hours of B recordings.A. EKGB. Echocardiography超声心动C. AngiographyD. PCI4.Lipid profile does NOT include DA. Total cholesterol (TC)B. Triglyceride (TG)C. LDL-CD. Troponin I 肌钙蛋白5.Which one is NOT the trend of modern surgery DA. Diagnostic SurgeryB. Robotic SurgeryC. TransplantationD. Microinvasive Surgery微创外科6.angio- in(angiitis, angioplasty, angioma)means:A 血管A. vesselB. bloodC. lymphD. heart7.neuro- in(neurology, neuritis, neurosurgery)means:AA. nerveB. muscleC. brainD. spleen8.ectomy 切除术in(appendectomy, gastrectomy, hepatectomy)means:BA. inflammationB. removeC. openD. close9.Acute abdomen includes follows EXCEPT CA. Ectopic pregnancy 宫外孕B. Acute appendicitis急性阑尾炎C. Chronic cholecystitisD. Rupture of liverPart II Simple Questions1.What is core content of clinical thinking?Make determined diagnosis2.Why we need clinical thinking?1)Clinical diagnosis is the basic medical practice of physicians2)Proper diagnosis is the basis and premise of treatment3)The quality of clinical diagnosis and treatment is influenced by the service philosophy, professional knowledge and technic, clinical experience, ancillary equipment and so on.4)The results of misdiagnosis and mistreatment are serious: patients’ life and health is menaced, the doctors’ morality and justi ce is sullied How to use the methods of clinical thinking?1 diagnostic thinking:(1)history taking;(2)physical examination;(3)hypothesis of diagnosis;(4)developing a differential diagnosis;(5)searching the evidence;(6)select the related lab.tests and other techniques;2therapeutic thinking:3.What’s your opinion about Complete Doctor?First, they must be qualified doctors who have basic capabilities includingbasic story ,basic knowledge and basic skills and basic attitudes as follows:1)lifelong learning: recognizing medical learning is endless, to seriouslystudy.2)Responsibility: sense of justice and responsible for due diligence.3)An inquiring attitude: the patient mentors ,from human4)Open heart open minded5)Respect: respect your exposure to any one person,whatever hisorigin,status,wealth.6)The uncertainty in the ability to learn7)The accumulated experience and proficiencySecond, they must try their best to be good doctors who possess profound knowledge, exquisite medical skills and humanity.Third,they also need to qialify excellent personal qualities:1)to have modest ,diligent study of the spirit2)must be diligent with the brain,good at summing up3)observation4)imagination5)logical thinking, organizational skills, to avoid subjective judgementsForth, they must observe medical code of ethics1)as a doctor, they should always be for the interests of the patients, doeverything possible to relieve pain for patients: life-saving humanitarian 2)respect the patient’s personality and the right to treat patients equallyregardless of nationality ,gender, occupation, status, property status3)polite service. Dignified manners, language, civilization, the affable,sympathetic, caring and considerate of patients;4)integrity. Consciously abide by the law, do not accept patients with a redenvelope, dinner, not to patients or their families borrowed money and borrowed material;5)not to disclose patient privacy and confidentiality;6)to correctly handle the relationship between peer colleagues,mutual learning, solidarity and cooperation;7)rigorous and realistic, to forge ahead, to study medicine, and excellence.Constantly update their knowledge and improve skills.1.心肌梗死MI (myocardial infarction);2.主治医生attending doctor;Resident physician 住院医师;3.哮喘asthma4.致癌作用Carcinogenic effect选择题:1、镭的发现之一是居里夫人,原名叫玛丽·斯可罗多夫斯卡2、词根前缀neutro 什么意思?中性3、词根后缀tachy什么意思?急速,加速,快速4、词根后缀ostomy什么意思?造瘘术,造口术5、心肌损伤标志物:1.心肌酶谱检测:天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)肌酸激酶(CK)肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)2.心肌蛋白检测:肌红蛋白(MYO)肌钙蛋白(CTn)C反应蛋白3.心肌血管标记物检测:4. 利钠肽(NP):ANP:心钠素BNP:脑钠素CNP:C型利钠肽VNP:V-型利钠肽DNP: D-型利钠肽问答题:1、PET的临床应用答:其在临床主要用于肿瘤的早期定性诊断、分期和疗效评价,心肌细胞活性的判断,以及脑代谢与神经功能的研究。

浙江大学考博英语部分真题及其解析

浙江大学考博英语部分真题及其解析

浙江大学考博英语部分真题及其解析Section I Use of English(10%)Read the following text.Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and ma,A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1(客观答题卡).We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is1of reason,I think,that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly into America2as doctors,scientists and engineers.Our struggles are individual and familial but3communal or political.Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the AMERICAN Dr earr While I can strive for4into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean mothers in ml home town,God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that――5fame ant in fluence as a writer,an Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi huo kao bo fu dao ti yan qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi intellectual or perhaps president of the United States.I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something6than myself and m~personal ambitions,part of a larger culture. Unfortunately,by coming to America my parent,7the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me.When I visited8last summer,found that I was9and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Korean and for turning my10on their culture.Taxi drivers would 11to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew from our12where we had come from.And13,in spite of the17years I have spent in this country,I feel more acutely conscious than ever of the fact that I am not completely14.Recently,a black man called me a"littleChinese faggot"in a men's room,and a15woman on the street told me to"go back to Japan."Americans,I think,feel a(n)16to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at asociological,philosophical and geographical distance.With17numbers of Asian-American18applying to top colleges,many white students have begun to complain aboutAsian-American19and competitiveness,calling us"Asian nerds."Many Americans consider this as part of a larger"Asian invasionf associated20Japan's export success in America.01.[A]one[B]part[C]much[D]some02.[A]country[B]city[C]land[D]society03.[A]hardly[B]frequently[C]approximately[D] always04.[A]scholarship[B]citizenship[C]admittance[D] integration05.[A]toward[B]near[C]between[D]among06.[A]more[B]better[C]larger[D]longer07.[A]sold[B]maintained[C]memorized[D]sacrificed08.[A]Japan[B]China[C]Korea[D]Thailand09.[A]scorned[B]respected[C]surprised[D]ignored10.[A]side[B]head[C]eyes[D]back11.[A]like[B]refuse[C]straggle[D]want12.[A]skin[B]clothes[C]faces[D]politeness13.[A]also[B]so[C]yet[D]then14.[A]hated[B]ignored[C]treated[D]welcome15.IAI homeless[B]careless[C]selfless[D]shameless16.[A]fear[B]need[C]interest[D]hate17.[A]growing[B]expanding[C]developing[D] enlarging18.[A]people[B]residents[C]students[D]foreigners19.,[Al diligence[B]laziness[C]hardship[D] stubbornness20.[A]for[B]to[C]with[D]atgection II Reading Comprehension(60%)Part A(40%)Read the following texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1(客观答题卡).Text1InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration n countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government.By the end of September,there will be InfraGard chapters in all50states, Calloway said.With advice from the FBI,each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry,the academic community and public agencies.Banks,utilities,and other businessesand government agencies will use a secure Web site to share nformation about attempts to hack into their computer networks.Members can join the system!t no charge.A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.A"sanitized"description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn't reveal the name or ensitive information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends?hen a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to ietermine if there are grounds for an investigation.Cybercrime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial cormmerce and technology like Charlotte."Ten years ago,all you needed to protect yourself was a safe,a fence and security officers,"said Chris Swecker,who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office."Now any business with a modem is subject to attack."FBE agents investigating computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including ,CNN and Yahoo!this year identified several North Carolina victims.The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks.Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of businesses to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business.Meanwhile,too many corporations have made it tooeasy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.Jack Wiles,who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board,said a recent report estimated97percent of all cybercrime goes undetected.Wiles,a computer security expert,has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files."I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer,"he said."The Net is a wonderful place,but it's also a dangerous one."21.From the first paragraph,we know[A]InfraGard is a protective measure aga/nst cybercrime.[BI InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration.[C]there will be50InfraGard chapters in all states.[DJ private business and the government are now committing cybererime.22.Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT[Al academic communities.[B]public agencies.[C]FBI.[D]private industry.23.By saying"too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility"the author means[A]too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers.[B]criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.[C]it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility.[D]many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security.24.All the following are reasons for the rise in cybercrime EXCEPT[A]victims won't report intrusions by hackers.[B]vi victims have no fkewalls.[C]the use of modem is increasing.[D]companies don't pay enough attention to Security.25.It can be concluded from the passage that[A]not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation.[B]information of the victims is inaccessible.[C]InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September.[D] was once disrupted by hacking.Text2The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education releasedthis week found that a majorty of Americans feel t is important to put"a qualified,competent teacher in every classroom".Bob Chase,president of the National EducationAssociation(NEA),the main teachers'union,wasted no time in pointing out that this will require raising teachers'salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the profession and stay there.A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has more to do with how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public-school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance;instead,it is determined by a rigid formula based on experience and years of schooling,factors massively unimportant in deciding how well students do.The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection.Since the most talented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions,they have a strong incentive to leave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity.For dullards,the incentives are just the opposite.The data are striking:when test scores are used as a proxy for ability,the bright est individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture.Clever students are the least like lyto choose education as a major at university.Among students who do major in education,those with higher test scores are less likely to become teachers.And among individuals who enterteaching,those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20%real increase in teacher salaries during the1980s.It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacher quality,in largepart because schools do a poor job of.recruiting and-selecting the best teachers.Also,even if higher salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession,the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.The study also takes aim at teacher training.Every state requires that teachers be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education classes,even for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach.Inevitably, this system does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like to enter teaching at mid-career.26.Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?[A]NEA is the largest society for teachers.[B]Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.[C]Young teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.[D]The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher training.27.Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because of the following reasons EXCEPT.[A]the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.[C]the salaries were not attractive enough.[D]teachers didn't have equal opportunities.28.According to the passage,the reason for clever students' refusal to take teaching as profession is because.[A]it offers low pay.[B]they have interest in other professions.[C]it does not value productivity.[D]it uses poor recruiting strategies.29."The data are striking:when the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture"means.[A]students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.[B]students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.[C]students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.[D]students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.30.All can be concluded BUT.[A]teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.[B]the more outstanding one is,the more likely he is to choose teaching.[C]American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and years of schooling.[D]increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to teaching.Text3The Nobel prize in economics had a difficult birth.It was createdin1969to mimic thefive prizes initiated under Alfred Nobel's will. These had already been around for68years,andpurists fought hard to stop the newcomer.Some members of the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences still dismiss economics as unscientific,and its prize as not a proper Nobel.Earlywinners were among the prize's fiercest critics.Gunnar Myrdal,who shared the award in1974,said the prize ought to be abolished(but he did not return the money).Milton Friedman,winnerin1976,doubted the ability of a few people in Stockholm to make decisions respected aroundthe world.By the1990s,the Nobel committee had gained a reputation for intransigence.Gary Becker won only after a flood of nominations forced the cabal in Stockholm to act.The father of game theory won only after Mr.Nash's sudden recovery from paranoid schizophrenia,though the disease had no bearing on the quality of his work,the best of which was done beforehe became ill.Robert Lucas received a prize that many economists believed he should have hadmuch earlier.In1998,the prize became the subject of countless jokes after the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management,a hedge-fund firm whose founders included Robert Mertonand Myron Scholes,the1997 Nobel laureates.The Merton/Scholes choice also highlighted another enduring problem with the prize:untimely deaths.Fischer Black, co-originator of the options-pricing model for which MessrsMerton and Scholes were recognised,died a year too soon to join his collaborators on st year,many economists hoped that ZviGriliches,a noted econometrician who wasunquestionably deserving of the prize,and was suffering from a long illness,would win.He didnot, and died soon afterwards.Because the prize came into being so late, there is still a backlogof elderly luminaries waiting to be recognised. Paul Samuelson,one of the younger winners,and Mr Becker,who was a friend of Griliches,want the committee to take old age explicitlyinto account.The committee could also cast its net more widely across the profession.Almost ail the laureates are also theoreticians;advances in empirical work and applications in the past two decades have yet to be paid due respect,a fact bemoaned by Mr Becker.Mr Samuelson adds that the economics committee's selection methods have excessively mimicked those used for the prizes in natural sciences: "If the right apple fell on your head,and you saw it,then you got the prize.But if you had a lifetime of excellence in all branches of physics,you didn't get it."31.From the first paragraph,we learned that.[A]the Nobel prize in economics was created under Alfred Nobel's will.[B]Gunnar Myrdal was one of the Nobel prize winners in economics.[C]Milton Friedman refused to accept the prize.[D]the Nobel committee had not the ability to make decisions.32.We can learn from the text that about the winners of the Nobel prize in economics during1990s,.[A]Gary Becker won the prize after he forced the committee to act.[B]Mr Nash's illness delayed his receiving of the prize.[C]obert Lucas received the prize earlier than expected.[D]Robert Merton and Myron Scholes played jokes on the prize.33.According to the text,the author's attitude toward Nobel prize in economics is.[A]doubtful.[B]positive.[C]hostile.[DJ indifferent.34.From the third paragraph,we learn that.[A]Fisher Black did not live long enough to win the Nobel prize.[B]the Nobel committee will soon take old age into account.[C]younger people are more likely to win the prize.[D]Zvi Griliches won the prize after he died.35.In the last paragraph of the text,Mr Samuelson's attitude toward the economics committee's selection methods is.[A]critical.[B]approving.[C]angry.[D]ironic.Text4In America alone,tipping is now a$16billion-a-year industry-all the more surprising since it is a behavioural oddity.Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service,Tips,which are voluntary,above and beyond a service's contracted cost,and delivered afterwards,should not exist.So why do they?The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality.The better the service,the bigger the tip.A paper analysing data from2,547groups dining at20different restaurants shows that the correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak:only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service.Customers who rated a meal as"excellent"still tipped anywhere between8%and 37%of the meal price.Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics.In America,the custom hasbecome institutionalised:it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service.In a New Yorkrestaurant, failing to tip at least15%could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers canexpect to get15-20%,the man who delivers your groceries$2.In Europe,tipping is lesscommon;in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard servicecharge. In many Asian countries,tipping has never really caught on at all.How to account for these national differences?Look no further than psychology.According to Michael Lynn,the Cornell paper'sco-author,countries in which people are moreextrovert,sociable orneurotic tend to tip more.Tipping relieves anxiety about being served bystrangers:And,says'Mr Lynn,"in America,where people are outgoing and expressive,tippingis about social approval.If you tip badly,people think less of you.Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders,by contrast,do not usually tip-a measure of their introversion and lackof neuroses,no doubt.While such explanations may be crude,the hard truth seems to be that tipping does notwork.It does not benefit the customer.Nor,in the case of restaurants,does it actuallyincentivise the waiter,or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff.The cry ofstingy tippers that service people should"just be paid a decent wage"may actually makeeconomic sense.36.From the text we learn that Americans.[A]are willing to give tips because they love the practice.[B]like to givetips to service people to help them financially.[C]are reluctant to give tips,but they still do so.[D]are giving less and less tips.37.According to Paragraph3,we learn that.[A]tips are voluntary in America.[B]people don't tip in Europe.[C]tipping is rare in many Asian countries.[D]tipping is now popular in Iceland.38.According to Michael Lynn,.[A]nervous people do not usually tip.[B]A merican people are anxious.[C]Icelanders don't like to show off.[D]people will ignore you if you tip bakly.39.The text indicates that in America.[A]customers tip8%to37%of the meal price if a meal was "excellent".[B]a waiter can abuse a customer if he fails to tip15%.[C]the amount of tipping is standardized with different services.[D]the man who carry groceries for you can expect to get15-20%.40.According to the text,the author believes that in America.[A]the better the service,the bigger the tip.[BI tips can reward the effort of good service.[C]tips can reduce feelings of inequality.[D]tips cannot prompt better service.Part B(20%)slation shouM be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2(主观答题纸).(41)There are plenty of grim statistics about childhood in the Third World.showing thatthe journey for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world,children can suffer from adifferent kind of poverty-of the spirit.For instance,one Western country alone now sees14,000attempted suicides every year by children under15,and one child in five needsprofessional psychiatric counselling.There are many good things about childhood in the Third World.Take the close andconstant contact between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours.In the West,the very nature of work puts distance between adults and children.(42)But itl most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to do abstract work in offices,shuffling paper to make money mysteriously appear in banks.Instead.the child sees mother an(t father,relations and neighbours working nearby,and often shares in that work.A child growing up in this way learns his or her role through participating in the community's work:helping to dig or build,plant or water,tend to animals or look after babies-rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten,building with construction toys,keeping pets or playing with dolls.(43)These children may grow up with a less oppressive limitation of space and time than their Western counterparts.Set days and times are few and self-explanatory,determined mostly by the rhythm of the seasons and the different jobs they bring.(44)A child in the rich world,on the other hand.is provided with a wrist-watch as one of the earliest symbols of~owing up.so that he or she can worry,along with their parents about being late for school times,meal times clinic times,bed times,the times of TV shows……;Third World children are not usually cooped up indoors,still less in high-rise apartments.Instead of fenced-off play areas,dangerous roads,'keep off the grass'signs and'don't speak tostrangers',there is often a sense of freedom to play.(45)Parents can see theirchildren outsiderather than observe them anxiously from ten floors up.And other adults in the community canusually be counted on to be caring rather than indifferent or threatening.Of course twelve million children under five still die every year through malnutrition anddisease.But children in the Third World is not all bad.Section m Writing(30%)Teachers often consider some students as good students.What do you think good studentsare like?Describe the characteristics of good students according to your own opinion.Provideone or two examples where necessary.You may also need to use knowledge in education andpsychology to support your argument.You shouM write240-280words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET2(主观答题纸).[供报考学科教学(英语)专业考生使用][A卷]答案:e of English(10%)01.B02.D03.A04.C05.A06.C07.D08.C09.A 10.D11.B12.B13.C14.D15.A16.B17.A18.C19.A 20.CII.Reading comprehension(60%)21.A22.C23.D24.B25.A26.C27.A28.C29.C 30.B31.B32.B33.A34.A35.A36.C37.C38.C39.C 40.DPart B(20%)41.有关第三世界儿童成长的大量统计资料令人担忧。

浙大临床英语试卷(博士)分析解析

浙大临床英语试卷(博士)分析解析

Part I Single Choices1.Which of the following is WRONG according to the principle ofcollecting specimen ? BA. Specimen should be collected timely and during the “window period”B. Specimen should be collected after antibioticsC. Avoid contaminating the specimenD. Specimen should be kept at appropriate temperature2.Uncontrolled growth, invasion and B are 3 malignant 恶性的properties of cancer.A. AbnormalB. Metastasis转移C. TransformationD. Prognosis预后3.Which one is NOT included in Routine Blood Chemsitry Items? CA. Magnesium 镁B. LDL cholesterol低密度胆固醇C. Aldosterone 醛固酮D. Creatinine肌酸酐3.Holter monitor is a small portable device with a recording systemcapable of storing up to 24 hours of B recordings.A. EKGB. Echocardiography超声心动C. AngiographyD. PCI4.Lipid profile does NOT include DA. Total cholesterol (TC)B. Triglyceride (TG)C. LDL-CD. Troponin I 肌钙蛋白5.Which one is NOT the trend of modern surgery DA. Diagnostic SurgeryB. Robotic SurgeryC. TransplantationD. Microinvasive Surgery微创外科6.angio- in(angiitis, angioplasty, angioma)means:A 血管A. vesselB. bloodC. lymphD. heart7.neuro- in(neurology, neuritis, neurosurgery)means:AA. nerveB. muscleC. brainD. spleen8.ectomy 切除术in(appendectomy, gastrectomy, hepatectomy)means:BA. inflammationB. removeC. openD. close9.Acute abdomen includes follows EXCEPT CA. Ectopic pregnancy 宫外孕B. Acute appendicitis急性阑尾炎C. Chronic cholecystitisD. Rupture of liverPart II Simple Questions1.What is core content of clinical thinking?Make determined diagnosis2.Why we need clinical thinking?1)Clinical diagnosis is the basic medical practice of physicians2)Proper diagnosis is the basis and premise of treatment3)The quality of clinical diagnosis and treatment is influenced by the service philosophy, professional knowledge and technic, clinical experience, ancillary equipment and so on.4)The results of misdiagnosis and mistreatment are serious: patients’ life and health is menaced, the doctors’ morality and justi ce is sullied How to use the methods of clinical thinking?1 diagnostic thinking:(1)history taking;(2)physical examination;(3)hypothesis of diagnosis;(4)developing a differential diagnosis;(5)searching the evidence;(6)select the related lab.tests and other techniques;2therapeutic thinking:3.What’s your opinion about Complete Doctor?First, they must be qualified doctors who have basic capabilities includingbasic story ,basic knowledge and basic skills and basic attitudes as follows:1)lifelong learning: recognizing medical learning is endless, to seriouslystudy.2)Responsibility: sense of justice and responsible for due diligence.3)An inquiring attitude: the patient mentors ,from human4)Open heart open minded5)Respect: respect your exposure to any one person,whatever hisorigin,status,wealth.6)The uncertainty in the ability to learn7)The accumulated experience and proficiencySecond, they must try their best to be good doctors who possess profound knowledge, exquisite medical skills and humanity.Third,they also need to qialify excellent personal qualities:1)to have modest ,diligent study of the spirit2)must be diligent with the brain,good at summing up3)observation4)imagination5)logical thinking, organizational skills, to avoid subjective judgementsForth, they must observe medical code of ethics1)as a doctor, they should always be for the interests of the patients, doeverything possible to relieve pain for patients: life-saving humanitarian 2)respect the patient’s personality and the right to treat patients equallyregardless of nationality ,gender, occupation, status, property status3)polite service. Dignified manners, language, civilization, the affable,sympathetic, caring and considerate of patients;4)integrity. Consciously abide by the law, do not accept patients with a redenvelope, dinner, not to patients or their families borrowed money and borrowed material;5)not to disclose patient privacy and confidentiality;6)to correctly handle the relationship between peer colleagues,mutual learning, solidarity and cooperation;7)rigorous and realistic, to forge ahead, to study medicine, and excellence.Constantly update their knowledge and improve skills.1.心肌梗死MI (myocardial infarction);2.主治医生attending doctor;Resident physician 住院医师;3.哮喘asthma4.致癌作用Carcinogenic effect选择题:1、镭的发现之一是居里夫人,原名叫玛丽·斯可罗多夫斯卡2、词根前缀neutro 什么意思?中性3、词根后缀tachy什么意思?急速,加速,快速4、词根后缀ostomy什么意思?造瘘术,造口术5、心肌损伤标志物:1.心肌酶谱检测:天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)肌酸激酶(CK)肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)2.心肌蛋白检测:肌红蛋白(MYO)肌钙蛋白(CTn)C反应蛋白3.心肌血管标记物检测:4. 利钠肽(NP):ANP:心钠素BNP:脑钠素CNP:C型利钠肽VNP:V-型利钠肽DNP: D-型利钠肽问答题:1、PET的临床应用答:其在临床主要用于肿瘤的早期定性诊断、分期和疗效评价,心肌细胞活性的判断,以及脑代谢与神经功能的研究。

博士专业英语试题及答案

博士专业英语试题及答案

博士专业英语试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. The term "sustainability" refers to the ability to endure over the long haul.A) TrueB) False2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of sustainable development?A) Economic growthB) Environmental protectionC) Social equityD) Unlimited resource consumption3. The phrase "paradigm shift" in academic writing often refers to:A) A change in the weatherB) A fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptionsC) A minor adjustment in perspectiveD) A change in political leadership4. The concept of "ecosystem services" is associated with which field of study?A) EconomicsB) EcologyC) SociologyD) Political science5. In the context of climate change, "mitigation" refers to:A) Adapting to the effects of climate changeB) Reducing greenhouse gas emissionsC) Planting more treesD) Moving populations to less affected areas6. The term "peer review" in academic publishing is a process where:A) Authors review each other's workB) Journal editors review all submissionsC) Experts in the field evaluate and critique manuscriptsD) The public reviews and comments on published articles7. Which of the following is not a type of renewable energy?A) Solar powerB) Wind powerC) Nuclear powerD) Hydroelectric power8. The "Kyoto Protocol" is an international treaty linked to:A) Biodiversity conservationB) Climate changeC) International tradeD) Space exploration9. "Circular economy" is a model of production and consumption that:A) Encourages the use of non-renewable resourcesB) Minimizes waste and promotes recyclingC) Focuses on mass production and consumptionD) Ignores the environmental impact of production10. The "Precautionary Principle" in environmental policy suggests that:A) Action should be taken only after full scientific certainty is achievedB) Scientific uncertainty should not be used as a reason to postpone measures to prevent harmC) Environmental policies should be based solely on economic considerationsD) Environmental harm should be accepted as a cost of economic growth二、填空题(每题1分,共10分)11. The process of converting light energy into chemical energy in plants is known as __________.12. The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by the accumulation of __________ gases in the atmosphere.13. In a __________ economy, the goal is to minimize waste and make the most of resources.14. The term "biodiversity" refers to the variety of life in all its forms and levels of __________.15. The __________ Principle states that it is better to be safe than sorry when it comes to potential harm to the environment.16. The __________ is a global environmental facility that provides grants for projects that benefit the global environment.17. The __________ is a set of international rules for the trade and use of hazardous chemicals and pesticides.18. "Eco-friendly" products are designed to have the leastpossible __________ on the environment.19. The __________ is a measure of the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by human activities.20. The __________ is a branch of environmental science concerned with the study of the total environment of a given area, both physical and biological.三、简答题(每题5分,共30分)21. Define the term "sustainable development" and explain its three main pillars.22. What are the key components of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?23. Describe the role of "stakeholders" in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR).24. Explain the concept of "ecological footprint" and why it is important for environmental conservation.四、论述题(每题25分,共50分)25. Discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy.26. Critically evaluate the effectiveness of international environmental agreements in addressing global environmental issues.五、翻译题(共30分)27. Translate the following paragraph from English to Chinese (15 points):"Environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change are three of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. The need for sustainable solutionsthat balance economic growth, social development, and environmental protection is more urgent than ever."28. Translate the following paragraph from Chinese to English (15 points):"可持续发展是指在不损害后代满足其需求的能力的前提下,满足当代人的需求。

博士英语考试试题及答案

博士英语考试试题及答案

博士英语考试试题及答案一、词汇与语法(共20分)1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. CopyD. Duplicate答案:A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She don't like to go out in the rain.B. They has been working on the project for months.C. Neither of the students were prepared for the exam.D. The number of attendees is greater than expected.答案:D3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions:a) The book is _______ the shelf.b) She is _______ the committee since 2019.c) He is _______ the same opinion as his colleague.答案:a) onb) inc) of二、阅读理解(共30分)Passage 1[Text omitted for brevity]4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of education.B. The impact of technology on society.C. The role of communication in relationships.D. The benefits of a healthy lifestyle.答案:B5. According to the passage, which of the following is not a benefit of using technology?A. Improved efficiency.B. Enhanced communication.C. Increased isolation.D. Greater accessibility.答案:C6. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem mentioned in the passage?A. Limiting the use of technology.B. Encouraging more face-to-face interactions.C. Relying solely on traditional methods.D. Ignoring the issue altogether.答案:B三、完形填空(共20分)[Text omitted for brevity]7. In the context of the passage, what does the word "alleviate" most likely mean?A. To worsen.B. To reduce.C. To ignore.D. To exaggerate.答案:B8. Why does the author believe that the issue discussed is important?A. It affects a large number of people.B. It is a new and emerging problem.C. It has been overlooked by many.D. It is a personal concern of the author.答案:A9. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Negative Effects of Stress.B. Coping Strategies for Stress.C. The Causes of Stress in Modern Life.D. The Importance of Stress Management.答案:B四、翻译(共20分)10. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese:"The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives."答案:技术快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了重大变化。

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浙大考博英语真题部分考试————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:2016年浙江大学博士生英语听力PART AWelcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at T aylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.----- 文章来源托福听力听力是托福内容,完型填空是大学英语教程第四册里面的内容~~~完型阅读Gold Mankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself .The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago .The wandering Israelitesworshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything hetouched be turned into gold .Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible .It will not rust or corrode ;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries .Gold is extremely easy to work with;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it .An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long .Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry . People have always longed to possess gold .Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character .The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold .Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope .Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel .About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced .Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money .George Bernard Shaw defended their instinct eloquently :"You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,"he said ,"and with due respect to these gentlemen ,I advise you ---to vote for gold ."PS:听力第一题五个答案为:1. a good sampling 2. exotic birds 3. a safe distance 4. running a canoe 5. a close view2016年浙大英语考博完形填空原文,各位考生可以回忆下你选对了几个~~~~~Gold Mankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself .The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago .The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold .Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible .It will not rust or corrode ;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries .Gold is extremely easy to work with ;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it .An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long .Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry .People have always longed to possess gold .Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character .The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples ,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold .Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope .Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel .About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced .Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money .George Bernard Shaw defended their instinct eloquently :"You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,"he said ,"and with due respect to these gentlemen ,I advise you ---to vote for gold ."翻译原文Researchers found that sport shoppers don't just bargain hunt for the best deals, but also for the thrill of it. 研究人员发现,“运动型消费者”不仅在寻找最优价,他们还很享受买促销品带给他们的兴奋感。

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