2011浙江大学考博英语听力原文

合集下载

浙江大学考博英语部分真题及其解析

浙江大学考博英语部分真题及其解析Section I Use of English(10%)Read the following text.Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and ma,A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1(客观答题卡).We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is1of reason,I think,that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly into America2as doctors,scientists and engineers.Our struggles are individual and familial but3communal or political.Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the AMERICAN Dr earr While I can strive for4into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean mothers in ml home town,God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that――5fame ant in fluence as a writer,an Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi huo kao bo fu dao ti yan qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi intellectual or perhaps president of the United States.I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something6than myself and m~personal ambitions,part of a larger culture. Unfortunately,by coming to America my parent,7the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me.When I visited8last summer,found that I was9and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Korean and for turning my10on their culture.Taxi drivers would 11to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew from our12where we had come from.And13,in spite of the17years I have spent in this country,I feel more acutely conscious than ever of the fact that I am not completely14.Recently,a black man called me a"littleChinese faggot"in a men's room,and a15woman on the street told me to"go back to Japan."Americans,I think,feel a(n)16to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at asociological,philosophical and geographical distance.With17numbers of Asian-American18applying to top colleges,many white students have begun to complain aboutAsian-American19and competitiveness,calling us"Asian nerds."Many Americans consider this as part of a larger"Asian invasionf associated20Japan's export success in America.01.[A]one[B]part[C]much[D]some02.[A]country[B]city[C]land[D]society03.[A]hardly[B]frequently[C]approximately[D] always04.[A]scholarship[B]citizenship[C]admittance[D] integration05.[A]toward[B]near[C]between[D]among06.[A]more[B]better[C]larger[D]longer07.[A]sold[B]maintained[C]memorized[D]sacrificed08.[A]Japan[B]China[C]Korea[D]Thailand09.[A]scorned[B]respected[C]surprised[D]ignored10.[A]side[B]head[C]eyes[D]back11.[A]like[B]refuse[C]straggle[D]want12.[A]skin[B]clothes[C]faces[D]politeness13.[A]also[B]so[C]yet[D]then14.[A]hated[B]ignored[C]treated[D]welcome15.IAI homeless[B]careless[C]selfless[D]shameless16.[A]fear[B]need[C]interest[D]hate17.[A]growing[B]expanding[C]developing[D] enlarging18.[A]people[B]residents[C]students[D]foreigners19.,[Al diligence[B]laziness[C]hardship[D] stubbornness20.[A]for[B]to[C]with[D]atgection II Reading Comprehension(60%)Part A(40%)Read the following texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1(客观答题卡).Text1InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration n countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government.By the end of September,there will be InfraGard chapters in all50states, Calloway said.With advice from the FBI,each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry,the academic community and public agencies.Banks,utilities,and other businessesand government agencies will use a secure Web site to share nformation about attempts to hack into their computer networks.Members can join the system!t no charge.A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.A"sanitized"description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn't reveal the name or ensitive information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends?hen a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to ietermine if there are grounds for an investigation.Cybercrime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial cormmerce and technology like Charlotte."Ten years ago,all you needed to protect yourself was a safe,a fence and security officers,"said Chris Swecker,who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office."Now any business with a modem is subject to attack."FBE agents investigating computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including ,CNN and Yahoo!this year identified several North Carolina victims.The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks.Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of businesses to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business.Meanwhile,too many corporations have made it tooeasy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.Jack Wiles,who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board,said a recent report estimated97percent of all cybercrime goes undetected.Wiles,a computer security expert,has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files."I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer,"he said."The Net is a wonderful place,but it's also a dangerous one."21.From the first paragraph,we know[A]InfraGard is a protective measure aga/nst cybercrime.[BI InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration.[C]there will be50InfraGard chapters in all states.[DJ private business and the government are now committing cybererime.22.Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT[Al academic communities.[B]public agencies.[C]FBI.[D]private industry.23.By saying"too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility"the author means[A]too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers.[B]criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.[C]it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility.[D]many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security.24.All the following are reasons for the rise in cybercrime EXCEPT[A]victims won't report intrusions by hackers.[B]vi victims have no fkewalls.[C]the use of modem is increasing.[D]companies don't pay enough attention to Security.25.It can be concluded from the passage that[A]not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation.[B]information of the victims is inaccessible.[C]InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September.[D] was once disrupted by hacking.Text2The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education releasedthis week found that a majorty of Americans feel t is important to put"a qualified,competent teacher in every classroom".Bob Chase,president of the National EducationAssociation(NEA),the main teachers'union,wasted no time in pointing out that this will require raising teachers'salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the profession and stay there.A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has more to do with how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public-school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance;instead,it is determined by a rigid formula based on experience and years of schooling,factors massively unimportant in deciding how well students do.The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection.Since the most talented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions,they have a strong incentive to leave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity.For dullards,the incentives are just the opposite.The data are striking:when test scores are used as a proxy for ability,the bright est individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture.Clever students are the least like lyto choose education as a major at university.Among students who do major in education,those with higher test scores are less likely to become teachers.And among individuals who enterteaching,those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20%real increase in teacher salaries during the1980s.It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacher quality,in largepart because schools do a poor job of.recruiting and-selecting the best teachers.Also,even if higher salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession,the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.The study also takes aim at teacher training.Every state requires that teachers be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education classes,even for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach.Inevitably, this system does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like to enter teaching at mid-career.26.Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?[A]NEA is the largest society for teachers.[B]Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.[C]Young teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.[D]The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher training.27.Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because of the following reasons EXCEPT.[A]the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.[C]the salaries were not attractive enough.[D]teachers didn't have equal opportunities.28.According to the passage,the reason for clever students' refusal to take teaching as profession is because.[A]it offers low pay.[B]they have interest in other professions.[C]it does not value productivity.[D]it uses poor recruiting strategies.29."The data are striking:when the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture"means.[A]students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.[B]students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.[C]students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.[D]students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.30.All can be concluded BUT.[A]teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.[B]the more outstanding one is,the more likely he is to choose teaching.[C]American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and years of schooling.[D]increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to teaching.Text3The Nobel prize in economics had a difficult birth.It was createdin1969to mimic thefive prizes initiated under Alfred Nobel's will. These had already been around for68years,andpurists fought hard to stop the newcomer.Some members of the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences still dismiss economics as unscientific,and its prize as not a proper Nobel.Earlywinners were among the prize's fiercest critics.Gunnar Myrdal,who shared the award in1974,said the prize ought to be abolished(but he did not return the money).Milton Friedman,winnerin1976,doubted the ability of a few people in Stockholm to make decisions respected aroundthe world.By the1990s,the Nobel committee had gained a reputation for intransigence.Gary Becker won only after a flood of nominations forced the cabal in Stockholm to act.The father of game theory won only after Mr.Nash's sudden recovery from paranoid schizophrenia,though the disease had no bearing on the quality of his work,the best of which was done beforehe became ill.Robert Lucas received a prize that many economists believed he should have hadmuch earlier.In1998,the prize became the subject of countless jokes after the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management,a hedge-fund firm whose founders included Robert Mertonand Myron Scholes,the1997 Nobel laureates.The Merton/Scholes choice also highlighted another enduring problem with the prize:untimely deaths.Fischer Black, co-originator of the options-pricing model for which MessrsMerton and Scholes were recognised,died a year too soon to join his collaborators on st year,many economists hoped that ZviGriliches,a noted econometrician who wasunquestionably deserving of the prize,and was suffering from a long illness,would win.He didnot, and died soon afterwards.Because the prize came into being so late, there is still a backlogof elderly luminaries waiting to be recognised. Paul Samuelson,one of the younger winners,and Mr Becker,who was a friend of Griliches,want the committee to take old age explicitlyinto account.The committee could also cast its net more widely across the profession.Almost ail the laureates are also theoreticians;advances in empirical work and applications in the past two decades have yet to be paid due respect,a fact bemoaned by Mr Becker.Mr Samuelson adds that the economics committee's selection methods have excessively mimicked those used for the prizes in natural sciences: "If the right apple fell on your head,and you saw it,then you got the prize.But if you had a lifetime of excellence in all branches of physics,you didn't get it."31.From the first paragraph,we learned that.[A]the Nobel prize in economics was created under Alfred Nobel's will.[B]Gunnar Myrdal was one of the Nobel prize winners in economics.[C]Milton Friedman refused to accept the prize.[D]the Nobel committee had not the ability to make decisions.32.We can learn from the text that about the winners of the Nobel prize in economics during1990s,.[A]Gary Becker won the prize after he forced the committee to act.[B]Mr Nash's illness delayed his receiving of the prize.[C]obert Lucas received the prize earlier than expected.[D]Robert Merton and Myron Scholes played jokes on the prize.33.According to the text,the author's attitude toward Nobel prize in economics is.[A]doubtful.[B]positive.[C]hostile.[DJ indifferent.34.From the third paragraph,we learn that.[A]Fisher Black did not live long enough to win the Nobel prize.[B]the Nobel committee will soon take old age into account.[C]younger people are more likely to win the prize.[D]Zvi Griliches won the prize after he died.35.In the last paragraph of the text,Mr Samuelson's attitude toward the economics committee's selection methods is.[A]critical.[B]approving.[C]angry.[D]ironic.Text4In America alone,tipping is now a$16billion-a-year industry-all the more surprising since it is a behavioural oddity.Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service,Tips,which are voluntary,above and beyond a service's contracted cost,and delivered afterwards,should not exist.So why do they?The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality.The better the service,the bigger the tip.A paper analysing data from2,547groups dining at20different restaurants shows that the correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak:only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service.Customers who rated a meal as"excellent"still tipped anywhere between8%and 37%of the meal price.Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics.In America,the custom hasbecome institutionalised:it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service.In a New Yorkrestaurant, failing to tip at least15%could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers canexpect to get15-20%,the man who delivers your groceries$2.In Europe,tipping is lesscommon;in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard servicecharge. In many Asian countries,tipping has never really caught on at all.How to account for these national differences?Look no further than psychology.According to Michael Lynn,the Cornell paper'sco-author,countries in which people are moreextrovert,sociable orneurotic tend to tip more.Tipping relieves anxiety about being served bystrangers:And,says'Mr Lynn,"in America,where people are outgoing and expressive,tippingis about social approval.If you tip badly,people think less of you.Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders,by contrast,do not usually tip-a measure of their introversion and lackof neuroses,no doubt.While such explanations may be crude,the hard truth seems to be that tipping does notwork.It does not benefit the customer.Nor,in the case of restaurants,does it actuallyincentivise the waiter,or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff.The cry ofstingy tippers that service people should"just be paid a decent wage"may actually makeeconomic sense.36.From the text we learn that Americans.[A]are willing to give tips because they love the practice.[B]like to givetips to service people to help them financially.[C]are reluctant to give tips,but they still do so.[D]are giving less and less tips.37.According to Paragraph3,we learn that.[A]tips are voluntary in America.[B]people don't tip in Europe.[C]tipping is rare in many Asian countries.[D]tipping is now popular in Iceland.38.According to Michael Lynn,.[A]nervous people do not usually tip.[B]A merican people are anxious.[C]Icelanders don't like to show off.[D]people will ignore you if you tip bakly.39.The text indicates that in America.[A]customers tip8%to37%of the meal price if a meal was "excellent".[B]a waiter can abuse a customer if he fails to tip15%.[C]the amount of tipping is standardized with different services.[D]the man who carry groceries for you can expect to get15-20%.40.According to the text,the author believes that in America.[A]the better the service,the bigger the tip.[BI tips can reward the effort of good service.[C]tips can reduce feelings of inequality.[D]tips cannot prompt better service.Part B(20%)slation shouM be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2(主观答题纸).(41)There are plenty of grim statistics about childhood in the Third World.showing thatthe journey for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world,children can suffer from adifferent kind of poverty-of the spirit.For instance,one Western country alone now sees14,000attempted suicides every year by children under15,and one child in five needsprofessional psychiatric counselling.There are many good things about childhood in the Third World.Take the close andconstant contact between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours.In the West,the very nature of work puts distance between adults and children.(42)But itl most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to do abstract work in offices,shuffling paper to make money mysteriously appear in banks.Instead.the child sees mother an(t father,relations and neighbours working nearby,and often shares in that work.A child growing up in this way learns his or her role through participating in the community's work:helping to dig or build,plant or water,tend to animals or look after babies-rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten,building with construction toys,keeping pets or playing with dolls.(43)These children may grow up with a less oppressive limitation of space and time than their Western counterparts.Set days and times are few and self-explanatory,determined mostly by the rhythm of the seasons and the different jobs they bring.(44)A child in the rich world,on the other hand.is provided with a wrist-watch as one of the earliest symbols of~owing up.so that he or she can worry,along with their parents about being late for school times,meal times clinic times,bed times,the times of TV shows……;Third World children are not usually cooped up indoors,still less in high-rise apartments.Instead of fenced-off play areas,dangerous roads,'keep off the grass'signs and'don't speak tostrangers',there is often a sense of freedom to play.(45)Parents can see theirchildren outsiderather than observe them anxiously from ten floors up.And other adults in the community canusually be counted on to be caring rather than indifferent or threatening.Of course twelve million children under five still die every year through malnutrition anddisease.But children in the Third World is not all bad.Section m Writing(30%)Teachers often consider some students as good students.What do you think good studentsare like?Describe the characteristics of good students according to your own opinion.Provideone or two examples where necessary.You may also need to use knowledge in education andpsychology to support your argument.You shouM write240-280words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET2(主观答题纸).[供报考学科教学（英语）专业考生使用][A卷]答案：e of English（10%）01.B02.D03.A04.C05.A06.C07.D08.C09.A 10.D11.B12.B13.C14.D15.A16.B17.A18.C19.A 20.CII.Reading comprehension（60%）21.A22.C23.D24.B25.A26.C27.A28.C29.C 30.B31.B32.B33.A34.A35.A36.C37.C38.C39.C 40.DPart B（20%）41.有关第三世界儿童成长的大量统计资料令人担忧。

浙大考博英语实用听力-答案

Test OneSection A-Section B1C ／2D ／3D ／4C ／5D ／6D ／7C ／8A／9B ／10C ／11C ／12B ／13A／14A／15B ／16A／17D ／18B ／19C ／20CSection CPart A1. a bright light2. face masks3. frightened4. piece of metal5. kind of souvenirPart B6. Italy7. four English victories, four ties8. 70,0009. at the 52nd minute10. 107Part C11C ／12A／13CPart D14D ／15C ／16B ／17E ／18ATest TwoSection A-Section B1C ／2A／3B ／4D ／5C ／6B ／7D ／8C ／9D ／10B ／11C ／12C ／13D ／14B ／15B ／16D ／17C ／18D ／19A／20BSection CPart A1. snow showers2. more consistent snowfall3. cloudy4. rain showers5. 89 degreesPart B6. at least 324 square miles7. an important earthquakes source8. magnitude, depth, the surface structures9. $358 million10. once every 500-2,000 yearsPart C11B ／12D ／13APart D14A／15B ／16C ／17ATest ThreeSection A-Section B1A／2D ／3B ／4D ／5B ／6B ／7D ／8D ／9C ／10D ／11C ／12C ／13B ／14D ／15A／16C ／17C ／18B ／19D ／20CSection CPart A1. on a picnic2. looking for firewood3. slowly as possible4. two small incisions / cuts5. the hospital overnightPart B6. early Saturday7. a merchant vessel8. mechanical problem9. 2910. immigrant smugglingPart C11D ／12B ／13APart D14C ／15A／16DTest FourSection A-Section B1B ／2C ／3B ／4A／5D ／6A／7C ／8C ／9C ／10C ／11B ／12C ／13C ／14D ／15C ／16D ／17A／18D ／19D ／20CSection CPart A1. a cooperation agreement2. broadband communications network3. negotiations and discussions4. technologies, management expertise5. responsible departmentsPart B6. a young architect7. old and lovely8. very frightened9. write his ghost a letter10. they lived happily togetherPart C11C ／12B ／13A／14DPart D15A／16C ／17DTest FiveSection A-Section B1B ／2C ／3D ／4C ／5D ／6A／7B ／8D ／9A／10D ／11B ／12B ／13A／14D ／15C ／16C ／17D ／18C ／19A／20DSection CPart A1. write2. a VCR3. purchase stolen goods4. get a bargain5. more theftsPart B6. with an enthusiastic smile7. he gave a lively commentary8. they smiled9. his dream was in jeopardy10. emotional intelligencePart C11A／12B / 13A / 14BPart D15A／16D ／17C ／18ATest SixSection A-Section B1C ／2A／3D ／4B ／5A／6C ／7C ／8A／9B ／10D ／11B ／12B ／13D ／14C ／15B ／16A／17A／18B ／19A／20BSection CPart A1. swept by emotion2. change a bad mood / change bad moods3. deal with / relieve4. more positive light5. distractionPart B6. a positive attitude7. gathering of enthusiasm, zeal, confidence8. clear goals, optimistic, can do attitude9. the situation, not themselves10. with effort and practicePart C11A／12A／13B ／14CPart D15B ／16D ／17B ／18CTest SevenSection A-Section B1C ／2B ／3C ／4C ／5A／6D ／7A／8D ／9D ／10B ／11B ／12A／13C ／14D ／15D ／16A／17A／18B ／19C ／20CSection CPart A1. delay impulse2. children / kids / preschoolers3. two fruit reward4. pursuing their goals5. through practicePart B6. others feel7. subtle, almost imperceptible8. academic I.Q. tests9. reliable networks10. interpersonal skills / emotional intelligencePart C11D ／12D ／13B ／14CPart D15C ／16C ／17D ／18ATest EightSection A-Section B1C ／2D ／3D ／4B ／5D ／6B ／7B ／8A／9D ／10A／11A／12C ／13A／14D ／15A／16D ／17C ／18C ／19D ／20ASection CPart A1. a good name2. unmarried mothers3. teenager drug abuse4. cultural influences5. sense of shamePart B6. to get comfort7. an adventurous and independent woman8. a master's degree in linguistics9. search and rescue work10. 100 times greaterPart C11D ／12C ／13A／14CPart D15C / 16A / 17B / 18DTest NineSection A-Section B1D ／2C ／3D ／4B ／5A／6C ／7A／8C ／9B ／10D ／11A／12D ／13A／14D ／15C ／16A／17C ／18C ／19B ／20DSection CPart A1. entertaining and constructive2. his marriage3. in 19654. vigorously condensing / focusing on essentials5. in 19 languagesPart B6. forgetting about calories7. a doctor8. that on the package's label9. 25 percent10. a strong willpower and persistencePart C11C / 12C / 13A / 14DPart D15B / 16B / 17D / 18DTest T enSection A-Section B1B ／2A／3D ／4C ／5C ／6B ／7A／8C ／9A／10D ／11B ／12C ／13A／14D ／15B ／16B ／17B ／18C ／19C ／20BSection CPart A1. the video tape recorder2. more efficient3. more than doubled4. rising Japanese company5. repeatable and editablePart B6. a dozen silicon chips7. creating the microprocessor8. by advertising in Electronic News9. the heart of computers10. a consultant in patent casesPart C11A / 12C / 13B / 14DPart D15B / 16C / 17D / 18C。

2011年3月19日浙江省普通高校招生统一考试英语听力试题及原文学习的啊

2011年3月19日浙江省普通高校招生统一考试英语听力试题及原文学习的啊D19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit22. circumstance 环境（社会）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（环保）背景background 后台/ settings后台，布景/ context 上下文（文章中）23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行业）/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal29.类似于：look like/ resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend上网（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释，预测35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray36. therapist /expert/ specialist37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length38. commonest/ frequent39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/ degrade ->grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionary易错拼写：environment/ convenient49．neutral 中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscuremunicate 沟通，传达，通报52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠mitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献2 责任,义务54．contribute to 导致~ result in /account for (占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。

2011年医学博士英语真题听力原稿

2011医学博士听力原稿医学博士听力原稿Part I. Listening Comprehension Section A 1.A: I don’t see much of you these days, where have you been? ’t even have time to breathe. B: I am working on a big project. I donQ: what can we learn from the conversation? 2.A: what time would your doctor be in today? B: He is here after 2:30. Do you need to see him today? A: Yes my back is killing me? Q: What’s the man’s problem? 3.Can that clock be right, 10:30? ’s 11:05 That clock is always off. ItWhat is true about the clock? 4.Well, Mr. Black, What brought you along today? I’ve got a pain in my stomach. How long have it been bothering you? A fortnight How long has the man’s stomach ache? 5.You come from S? Yes. I lived in England for 23 years. Are you married to an English man? I was, but we were divorced 15 years ago. Well, tell me about your trouble. Two hours after eating, I get pain, and then I feel it. What would the man do? 6.I am usually on the job Monday, Tuesday and Friday from 1 to 5 P.M. and Wednesday from 3 to 6 P.M. Do you work on weekends too? Yes, but only in the morning. What day is the man off duty? ’s called stethocope. It 7.Now Daddy I’m wearing this on your chest. It’ll warm it up. Feel the end, OK? First of all I’ll might be a little cold, Ilisten to your front and then your back. She has gone that a lot of times How many people have been involved in the situation? 8.What happened? I was in a fight and got my head hurt. Were your knocked out? No. ’ll need some I want you to go for an X-ray. And come back to me. Youstitches for that wound. What is the doctor going to do for the man? 9.Here, you two guy, you are fucking shot again. It It’’s not very entertaining or wise? Yes, thanks for advising us. It ’s time to enjoy life. What might the men do accordingly? 10. T aking a long view, I ’m leaving the company. Why? I often have to overwork which will do harm to my health. But the job market is very tight, you know. What does the woman mean? 11. W hat hat’’s the most likely diagnosis in this case? Most probably ------(一种病) What What’’s against that dianosis? Well, the infected hasn ’t had any change in the ---habit or lost weight. What are they doing now? 12. I heard all the time that John is dating several girls. But it ’s not true, he has explained everything to me. Do your really believe what he said? Yeah, I believe in our feelings for each other? Who is John? 13. L isa isa says says says that that that the the the job job job takes takes takes the the the back back back seat seat seat to to to the the the family family family after after after she she she is is married. She must be a good wife. This is noly what she says not what she does. What does the woman mean? 14. G ood morning. Would you like the private hotspring room today? For three people, it would be 250 Yuan per hour Are there any discounts? Yes, It is 50 Yuan cheaper for each additional hour. Then We ’ll have two hours. How much will the man pay? 15. Y ou are not thinking of getting back together with him, are you? Would he dream of it? What does the woman mean? Section B Dialogue A lot of doctors can tell what ’s wrong with you by sleeping, so can you er--- by smelling? Oh, Oh, absolutely. absolutely. absolutely. This This This actually actually actually goes goes goes back back back to to to the the the day day day of----. of----. of----. For For For example, example, you can walk into a room or get close to a patient who had diabetes that is not well controlled. There is a kind of sweetish smell. So So you you you mean mean mean often often often you you you can can can walk walk walk into into into a a a room room room and and and tell tell tell if if if a a a patient patient patient has has kidney failure or liver failure? Precisely. And now there is a machine that can do that too. Fascinating. Actually, there have been these machines in the past, but they meant just enormous. Are they used in therapy? They er---. These machines are imposible to use clinically, because, you know, know, it it it a a a whole whole whole room room room for for for the the the equipments----, equipments----, equipments----, but but but the the the newly-invented newly-invented ones are very small and ---. And then what do the new ones use? New laser technology. Is it now available given the size of the machine? It couldn ’t be better. Unlike the previous, this is the size of microwave. And I think it isn ’t far-off, right. Well, it ’s very much in the experimental stage. But interesting. However, unlike any of these things which are produced by commercial company, This work is being done be the federal government. Passage 1 Suicide Suicide is is is a a a very very very real real real risk risk risk for for for young young young people people people who who who suffer suffer suffer from from from clinical clinical depression. In fact during the past two years suicide has increased among youths between the ages of 10 and 19, but there aren ’t treatment that can help. Research show that the most effective treatment is the combination of anti-depression and talk therapy. Anti-depressants work by increasing--- chemcal --- which facilitate communications between neurons neurons in the in the brain. brain. ““Anti-depressants Anti-depressants are are are the the the most most most effective treatment effective treatment for most adults. But when it comes to teenagers, It ’s not enough.” Says doctor R, a psychiatrist with---- university medical center. 13 age years are full of turmoil, emotions and changes. And there are family conflicts and conflicts with relationship that can contribute to distress in adolescents adolescents””, S says. And anti-depressant medications may not be able to deal deal with with with all all all of of of those those those problems. problems. problems. ““Psycho Psycho therapy, therapy, therapy, specifically specifically specifically problem- problem- behavioral therapy need to----,” S says. In his recent major study, with the therapy therapy in in in use use use along along along with with with anti-depressants., anti-depressants., anti-depressants., 75% 75% 75% of of of kids kids kids are are are reported reported feeling feeling better better better and and and less less less suicidal suicidal suicidal after after after 3 3 3 month month month probably probably probably because because because the the problem-behavioral therapy tackle thinking and feeling in a very particular way that medicines may not. And in particalar suicidal case.” Say doctor F, a psychiatrist with---medical college. Passage 2 “Most people think when they are depressed, it just means you feel sad ”, says Doctor R, a psychiatrist with Cornell university medical college. In fact, fact, the the the so-call so-call so-call commonest commonest commonest symptoms symptoms symptoms of of of deppression deppression deppression are are are probably probably probably the the most painful for a lot of people which are a feeling that you are useless, wothless, wothless, unloveable, unloveable, unloveable, no no good or loser. loser. A A commonest symptom and and a a most extreme symptom, of course, is a suicidal feeling where you feel so hopeless that you don ’y believe anything will get better and you are better off. C therapy challenges that kind of thinking. For example, say, you are a a depressed depressed depressed teen, teen, teen, someone someone someone at at at school school school says says says something something something credible, credible, credible, typically typically that might lead you to think you are a completely loser. F says C theray help help patients patients patients see see see all all all the the time time they they they have have have been been been successful, successful, successful, both both both at at at school school and with friends. It is completely the opposite of how you feel. So you challenge challenge them them them with with with reality. reality. reality. And And And then then then you you you correct correct correct their their their disfunctional disfunctional release and that will actually change the way they feel, F says. It ’s a sort of personal reality check that will connect experiece in context. Once the combination of medication and therapy work, patient may decide to stop taking anti-depressants. But they should do so with caution because they may experience side effect. They can get rebound kind of syptoms. It can grow grow things things things like like like feeling feeling feeling anxious, anxious, anxious, or or or having having having insomnia, insomnia, insomnia, very very very dizzy dizzy dizzy and and having Nausea. 。

2010浙大考博英语听力原文与答案

2010浙大考博英语听力原文与答案An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the park.Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, 【July 18, 1955】. However, a special "International Press Preview" event was held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.The event did not go smoothly.The park was overcrowded as theby-invitation-only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. All major roads nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 °C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's 【drinking fountains dry】. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; enraged gu ests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell soda. Theasphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland to close for the afternoon.Parents were throwing their children over the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur CarrouseThe park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel for them. Waltand his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as 【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years,Disney did officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as "Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the first person to buya ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre-purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the firsttwo. guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both recei-heeled shoes sank in. Vendors ran out of food. A gas leak in Fantasyland ca used Adventureland,Frontierland, and Fantasyland to close for the afternoon.Parents were throwing their children over the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur CarrouseThe park got such bad press for the event day that Walt Disney invited members of the press back for a private "second day" to experience the true Disneyland, after which Walt held a party in the Disneyland Hotel for them. Waltand his 1955 executives forever referred to the day as 【"Black Sunday"】. Every year on July 17, cast members wear pin badges stating how many years it has been since July 17, 1955. For example, in 2004 they wore the slogan "The magic began 49 years ago today."But for the first twelve to fifteen years,Disney did officially state that opening day was on July 18, including in the park's own publications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as "Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre-purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both received 【lifetime passes】 to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single Disney-owned park in the A Harvard Extension School class at Boylston Hall. Through the 1950s, most Extension courses cost $5 each (slightly more than two bushels of wheat). Now any Harvard staff member can take a graduate-level course for $40 a semester, making it possible to earn a master’s degree for $400. It was 1835, and John Lowell Jr., the wealthy young scion of a prominent Boston family, sat by the Nile River in Luxor, a cradle of Egyptian civilization. Sick with fever, he drafted a long revision to his will and mailed it home to a cousin. Months later, Lowell was dead.That revamped will included a bequest that has rippled ever wider across almost two centuries. Most notably, it led to creation of the Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+Lowell’s ideaublications. Disneyland referred to July 17, 1955, as "Dedication Day" in one of its July, 1967, press releases. On Monday July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson with 【admission ticket】 number 2, as RoyO. Disney arranged to pre-purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with two children instead, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955), and the photo of the two carries a deceptive caption along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two. guests of Disneyland." Vess Watkins and Schwartner both recei aduate courses across 65 fields, taught by faculty from nine of Harvard’s 10 Schools. The modern Extension School has embraced video learning and podcasts. One hundred and fifty courses are available online, expanding the School’s reach to students in 122 countries. About 20 percent of its students take courses exclusively online.！ k！ t+V9Increasingly, said Michael Shinagel, the Extension School’s longtime dean, “the lectern is electronic.” Yet it was the forward-thinking Lowell, born in 1799 near the dawn of the American republic, who launched this thriving Harvard institution. Half of his wealth —the princely sum, in those days, of $250,000 — in 1839 established the Lowell Institute, the Extension’s precursor. His bequest is a trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in Boston on the arts, sciences, and naturcreation of the Harvard Extension School, which is celebrating its centennial year, with the official anniversary in February.8 ]+ Lowell’s idea was simple, but brilliant. Everyday people wanted to learn, he thought, and just needed a forum that allowed them to do so. In the 19th century, that method mostly involved public lectures. In the 20th century, it was usually classroom study, and in the 21st, the trend is toward 【distance learning on the Web】. But what has been true of the Extension School from its earliest incarnation is its devotion to public learning, and its students’ fierce desire to be taught.E volving far beyond its origins as a lecture series, the Extension School is now a degree-granting institution with 14,000 students that this year is offering close to 【700】undergraduate and grgovernment scholar A. Lawrence Lowell became trustee of the institute in 1900, and by 1906 was promoting “systematic courses on subjects of liberal education,” as he called them, taught by Harvard faculty.His vision of transforming a lecture program into a school of public education gained traction in 1909 when he was named president of Harvard. His first step in office was not the curricular reform for which he later became famous. (Among other things, Lowell invented the idea of “concentrations.”) Instead, he 【pressed to create a University Extension】.His desire, according to Shinagel, who has written a new history of the School called “The Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry out more completely the iion’s precursor. His bequest is a trust, active to this day, charged with offering public lectures in Boston on the arts, sciences, and natural history, to studentsregardless of gender, race, orage. The first Lowell lecture, on geology, was held in 1840, in an era of rising working-class clamor for education. The public’s response was tumultuous, with tickets being distributed amidst near-mob scenes. The institute’s collegiate “courses” —which were lecture series on a single topic — sometimes drew 10,000 applicants.By 1898, more than 4,400 free lectures and courses had been offered through the Lowell Institute. Around that time, Boston schoolteachers were looking for ways to earn a bachelor’s degree at night. The Lowell lectures and the lobbying teachers created a perfect storm of sorts, and by 【1910】 University Extension at Harvard was founded.Another visionary with the Lowell surname created the modern school. Harvard-educated was published in 1988. Grisham’s next novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near Charlottesville, Virginia.( u# P& F4 S/ J& T; yWhen he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six ballfields on his property and hosts children癟he Gates Unbarred,” was “to carry out more completely the idea of John Lowell Jr.”作者：zjumseJohn Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of Representatives and served until 1990.7 i+ V% One day at the Dessoto County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, calledA Time to Kill, whichB. It earned Grisham great fame.C. It brought Grisham wealthD. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built ballfields onhis property ________.答案应该为 C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the childrenMy surprise over the past few winters has been the personality transformation my parents go through around mid-December as they change from Dad and Mominto Grandpa and Grandma. Yes, they become grandparents and are completely different from the people I know the other eleven and a half months of the yearThe first sign of my parents’ change is the delight they take in visiting toy and children’s clothing stores. These two people, who usually dislike anything having to do with shopping malls, become crazy consumers. While they tell me to budget my money and shop wisely, they are buying up every doll and dump truck in sight. And this is only the beginning of the holidays When my brother’s children arrive, Grandpa and Grandma come into full form.First they throw out all ideas about a balanced diet for the grandkids. While we were raised in a house where everyone had to take two bites of corn, beets(甜菜), or liver (foods that appeared quite often on our table despite constant complaining), the grandchildren never have to eat anything that doesnot appeal to them. Grandma carries chocolate in her pockets to bribe(贿赂)the littlest ones into following her around the house, while Grandpa offers“surprises” of candy and cake to them all day long. Boxes of chocolate-pie disappear while the whole-wheat bread get hard and stale. The kids love all the sweets, and when the sugar raises their energy levels, Grandma and Gran dpa can always decide to leave and do a bit more shopping or go to bed while my brother and sister-in-law try to deal with their highly active kids.Once the grandchildren have arrived, Grandma and Grandpa also seem to forget all of the responsibility lectures I so often hear in my daily life. If Mickey screams at his sister during dinner, he is “developing his own personality”; if Nancy breaks Grandma’s mirror, she is “just a curious child”. But, if I track mud into the house while helping to unload groceries, I become “careless”; if I scold one of the grandkids for tearing pages out of my textbook, I am “impatient”. If Paula talks back to her mother, Grandma and Grandpa smile at her spirit. If I say one word about all of this excessive love, Mom and Dad reappear to have a talk with me about petty jealousies.6.As regards his parents’ shopping for the grandchildren, the author ______.A. feels jealousB. feels amazedC. thinks it unnecessaryD. thinks it annoying7. What happens after the kids have had all the sweets?A. They get highly energetic.B. They quiet down.C. They want more sweets.D. They go to bed.8. Which of the following is NOT true of the visiting children?A. They behave very well.B. They like chocolate very much.C. They receive toys from their grandparents.D. They are having a lot of fun.The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins and gorillas （大猩猩）, says a report in New Scientist.While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, many projects are poorlydesigned and unr egulated, its says. “Many ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations”While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations.”4 B3 Q( C2 s; [3 e, a4 UEcotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year andan estimated 20 percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land useand not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered. In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their habitat by touristsand mongooses（蠓）have caught lung diseases from human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands, where visitor numbers are strictly control led, is a good model.241. Ecotourism is meant to ______.A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife"B. have wild species respond well to contact with humansC. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behaviorD. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist Projects ______.A. really encourage people to protect wi1dlife and its habitB. strictly follow environmentally friendly policesC. actually lack proper examination and official approvalD. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present "ecotourism" practice goes on?A. It will disturb their life.B. It will affect their health.C. It will increase their stress.D. It will threaten their survival45. According to the passage, a solution to the "ecotourism" problem is to ______.A. encourage people to manage endangered speciesB. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beingsC. help wild animals increase their fitnessD. prevent wildlife from catching human disease答案 BDC BAA ACDB（仅供参考）When you are old and grey and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire, take down this book,And slowly read, and dream of the soft lookYour eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;How many loved your moments of glad grace,And loved your beauty with love false or true,But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,And loved the sorrows of your changing face;And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how love fledAnd paced upon the mountains overheadAnd hid his face amid a crowd of stars.The furthest distance in the worldIs not between life and deathBut when I stand in front of youYet you don't know thatI love you.The furthest distance in the worldIs not when I stand in front of youYet you can't see my loveBut when undoubtedly knowing the love from both Yet cannot be together.The furthest distance in the worldIs not being apart while being in loveBut when I plainly cannot resist the yearningYet pretending you have never been in my heart. The furthest distance in the worldIs not struggling against the tidesBut using one's indifferent heartTo dig an uncrossable riverFor the one who loves you.倚窗远眺，目光目光尽处必有一座山，那影影绰绰的黛绿色的影，是春天的颜色。

浙江大学2012考博英语听力原文

浙江大学2012年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

Section ⅠListening Comprehension (20 marks, 1 mark each)Part ADirections: You will hear a passage about Food Resource under Pressure.Listen and complete the sentences in questions 1-5 with the information you've heard, Write not more than 3 words in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.The world’s different sorts of natural resources are struggling to support a rapidly growing population and it may result in a long term crisis. With no increase in arable land, and already taxed supply of freshwater and fears of ongoing drought, figuring out how to feed 7 billion is a top priority for governments. To feed 2 billion more mouths predicted by 2050, food production will have to increase by 70%, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization says. Over the last few years, the world’s focus has shifted from donating excess food to nations hit by poverty towards better positioning farmers to feed themselves. The goals include increasing food productivity, building processing plants and broadening access to markets to provide long-term foods security. Research, development and expansion of agricultural programs are most critical. The public dollars pledged to this effort remain little part of what is needed. The share of World Bank landing going to agriculture is down from about 30% in 1978 to less than 10%, according to the International Food and Agriculture Trade Policy Council. While charitable foundations, nonprofit groups and private-sector companies are putting billions into programs, without the huge funding fromPart BDirections: You will hear a passage about Microsoft’s Vision of Future. Answer the questions 6-10 while you listen. Use not more than 5 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions.How will technology change the future and make the world a better place? Microsoft offers some surprisingly interesting ideas in a video released last Thursday. Microsoft “envisions a world in five to ten years where every”conceivable surface is a computer display–from leaf-thin smart-phones to “sleek offices where workers video conference on huge computer monitors”. In the video, a business traveler landing in Johannesburg, South Africa, uses her eyeglass to translate different languages and find a taxi. Simple piano music is the background soundtrack to the video, which is full of new concepts. The video has caused quite a buzz in the IT world. “Say what you will about Microsoft’s execution in developing cool products and services consumers want,” says Jay Greene at IT website CNET, who claims it “a clever glimps e into the possibilities for future technology”.Much of the technology in the video exists today, even if it’s in a nascent form. “Microsoft has many pieces of the puzzle to put the technological vision in place. But so, too, do rivals such as Apple and G oogle,” Greene says. “And those competitors have often beaten Microsoft and grabbed massive shares of key markets. So while the vision is clever, Microsoft is not alone in pursuing it.” Damon Poeter at points out that cool as Micr osoft’s vision i s, it’s “not totally original”. Some of the ideas have been featured in sci-fi movies. And “Nobody ever writes anything original in the future, they just cut-and-paste existing text in visuallyDirections: Questions 11-13 are based on the following passage about Plant Fever. You now have 15 seconds to read choices for questions 11-13.Even plants can run a fever, especially when they are under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature-taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don’t have pest problems. Even better, Paley’s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop pro blems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showingwhere plants were running “fevers”. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.11. When will plants emit an increased amount of heat?A. They are sprayed with pesticides. C. They are in poor physical condition.B. They are facing an infrared scanner. D. They are exposed to excessive sun rays.12. In what way can we use infrared scanning to apply pesticide spraying precisely?A. To estimate the damage to the crops. C. To measure the size of the affected area.B. To draw a color-coded map. D. To locate the problem area.13. How can farmers save a considerable amount of pesticide?A. By resorting to spot-spraying. C. By transforming poisoned rain.B. By consulting infrared scanning experts. D. By detecting crop problems at an early date. Directions: Questions 14-16 are based on the following passage about Modern Building and Health. You now have 15 seconds to read choices for questions 14-16.It is being increasingly recognized that the way many modern buildings are constructed and maintained is leading to poorer health among the people who work in them. The main problem is the way that air is handled. In the past, it was possible to open a window for a relief from the smoker at the next desk. Nowadays, however, many buildings are sealed because air-conditioning and ventilation are supposed to eliminate problems. But, as the frequent black streaks on the ceiling near air vents show, much of the dirt in the air is merely being recycled and therefore constantly breathed by the inhabitants of the building. Most office blocks have air ducts and vents running right through them. These can become full of dust and pollutants such as fumes from cigarettes and photocopiers and chemicals like formaldehyde leaking from carpets or adhesive from materials used to construct the building, and so on. These substances can stay in the air for years. Unfortunately, energy conservation can make the problem worse. Switching off air-conditioning and heating at night causes condensation. This creates the damp conditions that help bacteria and fungi to grow. When the system comes on again in the morning, they are sprayed into the building. One third of buildings operate on perpetually recycled air. One study has claimed that 80% of air-conditioned office blocks are “sick”-in other words, staff complain of headache, allergies, rashes, nausea and lethargy. However, other studies have shown that workers in normally ventilated offices sometimes have the same symptoms. Thus there must be factors other that air-conditioning which are also to blame.14. What is the biggest factor leading to poorer health in modern building?A. air conditioningB. stressC. allergic materialsD. poor air exchange15. What is the effect for switching off air-conditioning and heating at night?A. It’s good for energy conservation and people’s health.B. It causes condensation at night and products bacteria.C. It wastes electrical energy.D. It can stop the growth of health.16. According to the passage, which of the following descriptions about air-conditioning in modern buildings is right?A. Air condition is harmful to health.B. Air conditioning is not the only factor for people’s headaches.C. Workers in air-conditioned offices are painful.D. Switching off air conditioning can help purify the air in the office.Directions: Questions 17-20 are based on the following passage about Sporting Activities. You now have 15 seconds to read choices for questions 17-20.Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goalmouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving as cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They cooperated as skillful male-group attackers. Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting their food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use-that of controlling and domesticating their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival. The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequencer, but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against prey that were no longer essential to their survival, to be sure, the kill may have been eaten, but there were other, much simpler ways of obtaining a meaty meal.17. What dose the author think about sporting activities?A. Sporting activities are forms of biological development.B. Sporting activities are essentially forms of taming the prey.C. Sporting activities have actually developed from hunting.D. Sporting activities have changed the ways of hunting.18. In a football game, what is equal to the pray in the hunting?A. any member of the opposing teamB. the goal-mouthC. the goal keeperD. the football19. For over a million years, basically what were our foregathers?A. co-operating hunters ,B. successful farmersC. runners and jumpersD. skillful sportsmen20. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?A. It is farming that gives human beings enough leisure time for sporting activities.B. Farming is very important in human civilization because it saves human beings from risks and uncertainties of hunting for survival.C. It is hunting that provides human beings with much simpler ways of obtaining meaty meals.D. Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern man to exercise hunting skills which his forefathers developed for survival.。

2011医博统考听力题及原文

2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷试卷一(Paper One)Part ⅠListeningPart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.You will hear:Woman: I fell faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B ● DNow let’s begin with question number 1.1. A. The man is busy. B. The man has trouble breathing.C. The man is out of town on business.D. The man is hiding himself the woman.2. A. He has a terrible backache. B. He has a bad headache.C. He has a toothache.D. He has a diarrhea.3. A. It is fast. B. It is slow.C. It works well.D. It is not working.4. A. Four days. B. Ten days.C. One week.D. Two weeks.5. A. He is a lawyer. B. He is a doctor.C. He is a travel agent.D. He is an immigration officer.6. A. Sunday. B. Tuesday.C. Thursday.D. Saturday.7. A. Two. B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.8. A. To X-ray his chest. B. To hospitalize him.C. To perform a minor surgery.D. To transfer their guests.9. A. To go shopping. B. To go back to work.C. To change their topic.D. To entertain their guests.10. A. The man is working too hard. B. The man needs to think it over.C. The man is supposed to find a job.D. The man has made a right decision.11. A. Discussing a case. B. Defying a diagnosis.C. Performing a surgery.D. Talking with the patient.12. A. The woman’s classmate. B. The woman’s boyfriend.C. The woman’s brother.D. The woman’s teacher.13. A. The man is a liar. B. The man is jealous of Lisa.C. She does not agree with the man on that.D. She will surely do the same as Lisa does.14. A. 250 Yuan. B. 450 Yuan.C. 650 Yuan.D. 850 Yuan.15. A. She disagrees with the man there. B. She is going to change her mind.C. It is out of the question to do that.D. It is possible to forgive him.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. Liver failure. B. Breast cancer.C. Kidney failure.D. Diabetes out of control.17. A. Shape, B. Color.C. Price.D. Size.18. A. It is much smaller than a microwave. B. It leaves much room for reduction.C. It is widely used in the clinic.D. It is perfect.19. A. It is under a clinical trial. B. It is available in the market.C. It is widely used in the clinic.D. It is in the experimental stage.20. A. The commercial companies have invested a lot in the new machine.B. The further development of the machine is in financial trouble.C. The federal government finances the research.D. The machine will come into being in no time.Passage Two21. A. Suicide. B. Obesity. C. Turmoil. D. Drug abuse.22. A. Preventable. B. Destructive. C. Treatable. D. Curable.23. A. Combining antidepressants and talk therapy.B. Promoting the transmission between neurons.C. Winning parental assistance and support.D. Administering effective antidepressants.24. A. Because it adds to the effect of treatment.B. Because it works better than the medications.C. Because it can take the place of antidepressants.D. Because it helps reduce the use of antidepressants.25. A. 65percent. B. 75 percent. C. 85percent. D. 95percent.Passage Three26. A. Helplessness and worthlessness. B. Feeling like a loser.C. Suicidal feeling.D. All of the above.27. A. It encourages the patient to be a top student at school.B. It motivates the patient to work better than others.C. It makes it easy for the patient to make friends.D. It helps the patient hold a positive attitude.28. A. By encouraging the patient to do the opposite at school.B. By urging the patient to face any challenge in reality.C. By making the patient aware of his or her existence.D. By changing the patient’s perspective.29. A. Those who stop taking antidepressants. B. Those who ask for more medications.C. Those who are on the medications.D. Those who abuse the medications.30. A. Anxiousness. B. Nausea. C. Fever. D. Insomnia.2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案与解析Part ⅠListening ComprehensionSection A1．【A】对话中男士说“don’t even have time to breathe”，意思是“连呼吸的时间都没有”，也就是很忙的意思。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

2011年浙江大学考博英语真题听力原文，仅供参考第一篇Among my experiences as a college president is the all‐too‐frequent phone call in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake‐up call in Ju ne when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships.Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property‐damage and cheating on most campuses.This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the "Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — are the primary architects.It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have been allowed to or must take part‐time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers.31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . ×正确答案为C[A] it is easy to be a college president[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). ×正确答案为C[A] inspiration[B] stimulation[C] escape[D] relaxation33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). ×正确答案为D[A] artists[B] experts[C] discoverers[D] designers34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) ×正确答案为B[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children.[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children.[C] Parents spend too much time watching television.[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators.35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the "Culture of Neglect?"( )×正确答案为C[A] They can't read or write well.[B] They can hardly find a good job.[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility.[D] They are more likely to commit crimes.第二篇Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked forprofit‐seeking organizations and others for not‐for‐profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not‐for‐profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for‐profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor‐quality decisio n making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit‐seeking organizations, decision‐making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not‐for‐profit organizations, decision‐making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________.A) wrongB) oversimplifiedC) misleadingD) unclear注：文章第一句32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________.A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB) the real value of conflictC) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflictD) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict注：文章第二段33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________.A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organizationB) conflict is necessary for managers of for‐profit organizationsC) different people resolve conflicts in different waysD) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict注：文章第三段34.The passage suggests that in for ‐ profit organizations_______.A) there is no end of conflictB) expression of different opinions is encouragedC) decisions must be justifiableD) success lies in general agreement注：文章第四段，justifiable 合法化35.People working in a not ‐ for ‐ profit organization________.A) seem to be difficult to satisfyB) are free to express diverse opinionsC) are less effective in making decisionsD) find it easier to reach agreementB C A D B第三篇Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on science ‐‐‐ for example, concerning energy sources, pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, much of which is said to be based on science.Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become functionally acquainted with science‐‐‐‐ with the process and spirit of science, as well as with its facts and principles.Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ‐‐‐‐ flashlights, tools, echoes, and rainbows.Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute,whether it be geography, history, language arts, music, or art!Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution.While respecting the opinions of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, is needed. (293 words)36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them will _____.A. work in scientific research institutionsB. work at jobs closely related to scienceC. make the final decision in matters concerning scienceD. be fund‐raisers for scientific research and exploration37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____.A. science is linked with many of the things they meetB. science is a very easy subject for them tolearnC. they encounter the facts and principles of science dailyD. they are familiar with the process and spirit of science38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____.A. practicing communication skillsB. studying geographyC. taking art coursesD. learning science 39. People with a scientific attitude ____.A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of othersB. tend to reach conclusions with certaintyC. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgmentsD. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40. In the passage the writer seems to ______.A. prove that science is a successful course in schoolB. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in schoolC. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculumD. predict that children who learn science will be good scientists36‐40 B A D D C。