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英语单词分类记忆

英语单词分类记忆

mathematics / mAWi5mAtiks/ 数学author / 5R:WE/ 作者arts / arts/ 文科essay / 5esei/ 随笔science / 5saiEns/ 理科reportage / repR:5tB:V/ 报告文学history / 5histEri/ 历史criticism / 5kritisizEm/ 评论geometry / dVi5Rmitri/ 几何anthology / An5WRlEdVi/ 选集geography / dVi5RgrEfi/ 地理edition / i5diFEn/ 版geology / dVi5RlEdVi/ 地质学work / wE:k/ 作品biology / bai5RlEdVi/ 生物masterpiece / 5ma:stEpi:s/ 杰作chemistry / 5kemistri/ 化学copyright / 5kRpirait/版权, 著作权physics / 5fiziks/ 物理humanities / / 人文学科literature / 5litEritFE/ 文学writer / 5raitE/ 作家sociology / sEusi5RlEdVi/ 社会学volume / 5vRljum/ 卷philosophy / fi5lRsEfi/ 哲学theatre / 5WiEtE/ 戏剧psychology / sai5kRlEdVi/ 心理学drama / 5dra:mE/ 话剧engineering / endVi5niEriN/ 工程学comedy / 5kRmidi/ 喜剧medicine / 5medisin/ 医学tragedy / 5trAdVidi/ 悲剧agriculture / 5AgrikQltFE/ 农学farce / fa:s/ 滑稽剧astronomy / Es5trRnEmi/ 天文学play / plei/ 剧本economics / i:kE5nRmiks/ 经济学playwright / 5pleirait/ 编剧politics / 5pRlitiks/ 政治学performance / pE5fR:mEns/ 演出law / lR:/ 法学act / Akt/ 幕finance / fai5nAns, fi-/ 财政学scene / si:n/ 场architecture / 5a:kitektFE/ 建筑学plot / plRt/ 情节intrigue / in5tri:g/错综复杂的剧情Byzantine / bi5zAntain/ 拜占庭式story / 5stR:ri/ 故事Romanesque / 5roumE5nesk/ 罗马式episode / 5episEud/ 逸事Gothic / 5gRWik/ 哥特式denouement / / 结局Baroque / bE5rEuk/ 巴洛克式poetry / 5pEuitri/ 诗歌classicism / 5klAsisizEm/古典主义poet / pEuit/ 诗人romanticism / rou5mAntisizm/浪漫主义poem / 5pEuim/ 诗symbolism / 5simbElizm/ 象征主义ode / oud/ 颂歌impressionism / im5prZFEnizEm/ 印象主义sonnet / 5sRnit/ 十四行诗expressionism / / 表现主义verse / vE:s/ (诗)节Fauvism / 5fouvizm/ 野兽派line / lain/ (诗)行abstract art / / 抽象派, 抽象主义rhyme / raim/ 韵脚,押韵Cubism / 5kju:bizm/ 立体派,立体主义metrics/ 5mEtriks/韵律学,格律学naturalism / 5nAtFErElizEm/ 自然主义prose / prEuz/ 散文existentialism / / 存在主义novel / 5nRvEl/ 小说futurism / 5fju:tFErizm/ 未来主义biography / bai5RgrEfi/ 自传realism / 5riElizEm/ 现实主义allegory / 5AligEri/ 寓言science fiction / 5fikFEn/ 科幻,科学幻想小说statue / 5stAtju:/ 人像satire / 5sAtaiE/ 讽刺诗figure / 5figE/ 塑像essay / 5esei/ 杂文bronze / brRnz/ 铜像composition / kRmpE5ziFEn/ 学术著作carving / 5ka:viN/ 雕刻rhetoric / 5retErik/ 修辞学oratory / 5RrEtEri/ 讲演术alto / 5Altou/ 女低音declamation / deklE5meiFEn/ 朗诵技巧anthem/ 5AnWEm/ 圣歌,赞美诗improvisation / imprEvai5zeiFEn/ 即席讲演baritone/ 5bArEtoun/ 男中音criticism / 5kritisizEm/ 批判主义bass / beis/ 男低音,贝司critic / 5kritik/ 批评家bassoon / bA5sun/ 低音管eloquence / 5elEkwEns/ 文才brass / bra:s/ 铜管乐器lyricism / 5lirisizm/ 抒情性classical music / / 古典音乐conductor / kEn5dQktE/ 指挥gallery / 5gAlEri/ 画廊,美术馆flute / flu:t/ 长笛salon / 5sAlR:N/ 沙龙harmonica / hB:5mRnikE/ 口琴exhibition / eksi5biFEn/ 展览jazz / dVAz/ 爵士乐collection / kE5lekFEn/ 收藏opera / 5RpErE/ 歌剧inspiration / inspE5reiFEn/ 灵感,启发orchestra/ 5R:kistrE/ 管弦乐队artist / 5a:tist/ 大师, 艺术家rhapsody / 5rApsEdi/ 狂想曲pigment / 5pigmEnt/ 颜料solo / 5sEulEu/ 独奏,独唱painter / 5peintE/ 画家soloist / 5soulouist/ 独唱者oil painting / / 油画soprano / sE5prAnou/ 女高音watercolor / / 水彩画symphony / 5simfEni/ 交响乐wash / wRF/ 水墨画tenor / 5tenE/ 男高音engraving / in5greiviN/ 版画pop / pRp/ 流行歌曲tracing / 5treisiN/ 临摹rock / rRk/ 摇滚乐sketch / sketF/ 草稿portrait / 5pR:trit/ 画像clothes / klEuTz/ 衣服,服装model / 5mRdl/ 模特clothing / 5klEuTiN/ 服装caricature / kArikE5tjuE/ 漫画suit / sju:t/ 男西装nude / nju:d/ 裸体画dress / dres/ 女服profile / 5prEufail/ 轮廓uniform / 5ju:nifR:m/ 制服landscape / 5lAndskeip/ 风景画coat / kEut/ 外套seascape / 5si:skeip/ 海景画jacket / 5dVAkit/ 夹克frame / freim/ 画框pocket / 5pRkit/ 衣袋chassis / 5FAsi/ 画布绷架sleeve / sli:v/ 袖子canvas / 5kAnvEs/ 画布shirt / FE:t/ 衬衫studio / 5stju:diEu/ 画室sweater / 5swetE/ 毛衣,运动衫pinacotheca / 5pinEkou5Wi:kE/画廊,美术馆trousers / 5trauzEz/ 裤子sculptor / 5skQlptE/ 雕塑学belt / belt/ 腰带skirt / skE:t/ 裙子brooch / brEutF/ 胸针slip / slip/ 衬裙shawl / FR:l/ 披肩handkerchief / 5hANkEtFif/ 手帕raincoat / 5reinkEut/ 雨衣shoe / Fu:/ 鞋button / 5bQtn/ 扣子sole / sEul/ 鞋底collar / 5kRlE/ 领子heel / hi:l/ 鞋后跟wallet / 5wRlit/ 钱包boot / bu:t/ 靴子blouse / blauz/ 女外套,女衬衫glove / glQv/ 手套tie / tai/ 领带actor / 5AktE/ 男演员cap / kAp/ 无沿帽actress / 5Aktris/ 女演员hat / hAt/ 大沿帽singer / 5siNE/ 歌手cotton / 5kRtn/ 棉花dancer / 5da:nsE/ 舞蹈家canvas / 5kAnvEs/ 帆布musician / mju:5ziFEn/ 音乐家silk / silk/ 丝pianist / 5pjAnist/ 钢琴家wool / wul/ 羊毛,毛料painter / 5peintE/ 画家,油漆匠nylon / 5nailEn/ 尼龙teacher / 5ti:tFE/ 教师stripe / straip/ 条纹professor / prE5fesE/ 教授veil / veil/ 面纱headmaster / 5hed5ma:stE/ 中小学校长ring / riN/ 戒指headmistress / 5hed5mistris/ 中小学女校长necklace / 5neklis/ 项链headteacher / 5hedti:tFE/ 校长perfume / 5pE:fju:m,pE:5fju:m/ 香水director / di5rektE/ 导演purse / pE:s/ 手提包editor / 5editE/ 编者garment / 5ga:mEnt/ 外衣writer / 5raitE/ 作家cloak / klEuk/ 斗篷reporter / ri5pR:tE/ 记者muffler / 5mQflE/ 围巾announcer / E5naunsE/ 广播员jeans / dVeinz/ 牛仔裤journalist / 5dVE:nElist/ 杂志记者bra / brB:/ 乳罩worker / 5wE:kE/ 工人stocking / 5stRkiN/ 长袜farmer / 5fa:mE/ 农夫belt / belt/ 腰带fisherman / 5fiFEmEn/ 渔夫sock / sRk/ 短袜chemist / 5kemist/ 化学家,药剂师bikini / bi5ki:ni/ 比基尼泳衣engineer / endVi5niE/ 工程师apron / 5eiprEn/ 围裙explorer / iks5plR:rE/ 探险家slipper / 5slipE/ 拖鞋researcher / ri5sE:tFE/ 研究员beret / be5re/ 贝蕾帽doctor / 5dRktE/ 医生,博士linen / 5linin/ 麻nurse / nE:s/ 护士pendant / 5pendEnt/ 项饰surgeon / 5sE:dVEn/ 外科医生earring / 5iEriN/ 耳环sailor / 5seilE/ 水手lipstick / 5lipstik/ 口红seaman / 5si:mEn/ 船员wig / wig/ 假发pilot / 5pailEt/ 飞行员,领航员tissue / 5tisju:/ 面纸astronaut / 5AstFEunR:t/ 宇航员driver / 5draivE/ 驾驶员scientist / 5saiEntist/ 科学家athlete / 5AWli:t/ 运动员philosopher / fi5lRsEfE/ 哲学家policeman / pE5li:smEn/ 警察politician / pRli5tiFEn/ 政治学家detective / di5tektiv/ 侦探physicist / 5fizisist/ 物理学家judge / dVQdV/ 法官archaeologist / a:kiE5lRdVist/ 考古学家lawyer / 5lR:jE/ 律师geologist / dVi5RlEdVist/ 地质学家attorney / E5tE:ni/ 律师mathematician / mAWEmE5tiFEn/ 数学家cook / kuk/ 厨子,厨师biologist / bai5RlEdVist/ 生物学家baker / 5beikE/ 面包师zoologist / zEu5RlEdVist/ 动物学家waiter / 5weitE/ 侍者statistician / stAtis5tiFEn/ 统计学家waitress / 5weitris/ 女服务生physiologist / fizi5RlEdVist/ 生理学家butcher / 5butFE/ 屠夫futurologist / / 未来学家clerk / kla:k, klE:k/ 办事员artist / 5a:tist/ 艺术家typist / 5taipist/ 打字员composer / kEm5pEuzE/ 作曲家secretary / 5sekrEtri/ 秘书designer / di5zainE/ 设计家salesman / 5seilzmEn/ 售货员,推销员sculptor / 5skQlptE/ 雕刻家shopkeeper / 5FRpki:pE/ 零售商,店主designer / di5zainE/ 服装设计师bookseller / 5bukselE/ 书商model / 5mRdl/ 模特tailor / 5teilE/ 裁缝poet / pEuit/ 诗人soldier / 5sEuldVE/ 军人merchant / 5mE:tFEnt/ 商人postman / 5pEustmEn/ 邮差stewardess / 5stju:Edis/ 空中小姐mailman / 5meilmAn/ 邮差porter / 5pR:tE/ 行李夫firefighter / / 消防人员architect / 5a:kitekt/ 建筑师conductor / kEn5dQktE/ 乘务员druggist / 5drQgist/ 药剂师librarian / lai5brZEriEn/ 图书管理员chemist / 5kemist/ 药剂师baby-sitter / / 保姆guide / gaid/ 导游apprentice / E5prentis/ 学徒工dentist / 5dentist/ 牙科医生artisan / a:ti5zAn/ 工匠supervisor / 5sju:pEvaizE/ 监工craftsman / 5kra:ftsmEn/ 工匠specialist / speFElist/ 专家America / E5merikE/ 美国,美洲employer / im5plRiE/ 雇主,老板Arab / 5ArEb/ 阿拉伯人receptionist / ri5sepFEnist/ 接待员Australia/ Rs5treiljE/ 澳洲,澳大利亚operator / 5RpEreitE/ 电话接线员Austria / 5RstriE/ 奥地利interpreter / in5tE:pritE/ 翻译Britain / 5britn/ 英国photographer / fE5tRgrEfE/ 摄影师Canada / 5kAnEdE/ 加拿大playwright / 5pleirait/ 剧作家China / 5tFainE/ 中国linguist / liN5gwist/ 语言学家Egypt / 5i:dVipt/ 埃及botanist / 5bRtEnist/ 植物学家England / 5iNglEnd/ 英国economist / i:5kRnEmist/ 经济学家France / 5fra:ns/ 法国chemist / 5kemist/ 化学家Germany / 5dVE:mEni/ 德国Greece / gri:s/ 希腊ballot / 5bAlEt/ 选票Holland / 5hRlEnd/ 荷兰bill / bil/ 法案India / 5indiE/ 印度bloodshed / 5blQdFed/ 流血,屠杀Ireland / 5aiElEnd/ 爱尔兰bureaucracy / bjuE5rRkrEsi/ 官僚政治Italy / 5itEli/ 意大利candidate / 5kAndidit/ 候选人Japan / dVE5pAn/ 日本cession / 5seFEn/ 割让(土地)Spain / spein/ 西班牙commotion / kE5mEuFEn/ 骚动,暴乱Sweden / 5swi:dn/ 瑞典community / kE5mju:niti/ 社区,Swiss / swis/ 瑞士人compact / 5kRmpAkt, kEm5pAkt/协议Switzerland / 5switsElEnd/ 瑞士congress / 5kRNgres/ 国会Brazil / brE5zil/ 巴西congressman / 5kRNgresmEn/国会议员Finland / 5finlEnd/ 芬兰conspiracy / kEn5spirEsi/ 阴谋Norway / 5nR:wei/ 挪威conspirator / kEn5spirEtE/ 同谋者Russia / 5rQFE/ 俄国constitution / kRnsti5tju:FEn/ 宪法Belgium / 5beldVEm/ 比利时consul / 5kRnsEl/ 领事Arabic / 5ArEbik/ 阿拉伯语convention / kEn5venFEn/ 惯例Chinese / 5tFai5ni:z/ 中国人,汉语cooperation / kEuRpE5reiFEn/ 合作Egyptian / i5dVipFEn/ 埃及人custom / 5kQstEm/习惯,风俗,海关English / 5iNgliF/ 英语delegate / 5deligeit/ 代表French / frentF/ 法国人,法文delegation / deli5geiFEn/ 代表团German / 5dVE:mEn/ 德国人,德语demonstration / demEn5streiFEn/ 示威Greek / gri:k/ 希腊人,希腊文deposition / depE5ziFEn/ 免职Irish / 5aiEriF/ 爱尔兰人,爱尔兰语despot / 5despRt/ 暴君Italian / i5tAljEn/ 意大利人,意大利语dictator / dik5teitE/ 独裁者Japanese / dVApE5ni:z/ 日本人,日文dictatorship / dik5teitEFip/ 独裁政权Spanish / 5spAniF/ 西班牙人,西班牙语diplomacy/ di5plEumEsi/ 外交政策Dutch / dQtF/ 荷兰人,荷兰语diplomat / 5diplEmAt/ 外交官discrimination / diskrimi5neiFEn/ 岐视colony / 5kRlEni/ 殖民地dominion / dE5minjEn/领土,主权,统治democracy / di5mRkrEsi/ 民主政治embassy / 5embEsi/ 大使馆dynasty / 5dinEsti/ 朝代emperor / 5empErE/ 皇帝extinction / iks5tiNkFEn/ 消灭empire / 5empaiE/ 帝国feudalism / 5fjudlizEm/ 封建制度ferment / 5fE:ment/ 动乱administration / Edminis5treiFEn/ 政府government / 5gQvEnmEnt/政府,内阁aggression / E5greFEn/ 侵略governor / 5gQvEnE/ 统治者ambassador / Am5bAsEdE/ 大使hegemony / hi:5dVemEni/ 霸权anarchy / 5AnEki/ 无政府状态ideology / aidi5RlEdVi/ 意识形态announcement / E5naunsmEnt/ 公告kingdom / 5kiNdEm/ 王国aristocracy / Aris5tRkrEsi/ 贵族政治legion / 5li:dVEn/ 军团autonomy / R:5tRnEmi/ 自治monarch / 5mRnEk/ 帝王monarchy / mRnEki/ 君主政体bill / bil/ 钞票,纸币motion / 5mEuFEn/ 动议saving / 5seiviN/ 存款movement / 5mu:vmEnt/ 运动quotation / kwEu5teiFEn/ 报价nationality / nAFE5nAliti/ 国籍share / FZE/ 股份,股票oligarchy / 5Rliga:ki/ 寡头政治bond / bRnd/ 债券pact / pAkt/ 协定,条约interest / 5intrist/ 利息petition / pi5tiFEn/ 请愿discount / 5diskaunt/ 折扣philanthropy / fi5lAnWrEpi/ 博爱,仁慈insurance / in5FuErEns/ 保险policy / 5pRlisi/ 政策,方针mortgage / 5mR:gidV/ 抵押poll / pEul/ 民意测验drawing / 5drR:iN/ 取出存款prejudice / 5predVudis/ 偏见allowance / E5lauEns/ 补贴,补助金,津贴proposition / prRpE5ziFEn/ 建议subsidy / 5sQbsidi/ 补贴,补助金,津贴rebel / 5rebEl, ri5bel/ 叛乱者output / 5autput/ 产出,产量rebellion / ri5beljEn/ 叛乱productive / prE5dQktiv/ 生产的regime / rei5Vi:m/ 政权goods / gudz/ 产品republic / ri5pQblik/ 共和国supply / sE5plai/ 供应,补给resolution / rezE5lju:FEn/ 革命input / 5input/ 投入slogan / 5slEugEn/ 口号productivity / prEdQk5tiviti/ 生产率sovereignty / 5sRvrinti/ 主权,独立国cost / kRst/ 成本,费用spokesman / 5spEuksmEn/发言人,代表者expenditure / iks5penditF/ 开支,支出statesman / 5steitsmEn/ 政治家income / 5inkQm/ 收入,收益treaty / 5tri:ti/ 条约earnings / 5E:niNz/ 利润,收益tumult / 5tju:mQlt/ 骚动duty / 5dju:ti/ 税turbulence / 5tE:bjulEns/ 骚动tax / tAks/ 税turmoil / 5tE:mRil/ 骚动,混乱commerce / 5kRmE(:)s/ 贸易tyranny / 5tirEni/ 暴政trade / treid/ 贸易tyrant / 5taiErEnt/ 暴君import / im5pR:t 5impR:t/ 进口upheaval / Qp5hi:vl/ 暴动export / eks5pR:t, 5ekspR:t/ 出口uprising / Qp5raiziN/ 起义item / 5aitEm/ 项目,细目usurper / ju:5zE:pE/ 篡夺者manufacturer / mAnju5fAktFErE/制造商,制造厂usurpation / juzE5peFEn/ 篡权merchant / 5mE:tFEnt/商人(英)批发商,(美)零售商vote / vEut/ 投票,选举consumer / kEn5sju:mE/ 消费者,用户trust / trQst/ 托拉斯client / 5klaiEnt/ 顾客,客户customer / 5kQstEmE/ 顾客,客户investment / in5vestmEnt/ 投资,资产purchase / 5pE:tFEs/ 购买,进货bank / bANk/ 银行sale / seil/ 销售cheque / tFek/支票 (美作:check)competition / kRmpE5tiFEn/ 竞争transfer / trAns5fE:/转让,转帐,过户competitive / kEm5petitiv/ 竞争的cash / kAF/ 现金consumption / kEn5sQmpFEn/ 消费change / tFeindV/ 零钱demand / di5ma:nd/ 需求outlet / 5aut-let/ 销路summary / 5sQmEri/ 速审offer / 5RfE/ 报盘,发价examination / igzAmi5neiFEn/讯问,质问monopoly / mE5nRpEli/ 垄断evidence / 5evidEns/ 证据forecast / 5fR:ka:st/ 预测arrest / E5rest/ 逮捕budget / 5bQdVit/ 预算responsibility / rispRnsE5biliti/ 责任plan / plAn/ 计划liability / laiE5biliti/ 责任estimate / 5estimit,5estimeit/ 估价sue / sju:/ 起诉,提起公诉journal / 5dVE:nl/ 日记簿action / 5AkFEn/ 诉讼turnover / 5tE:nouvE/营业额,销售额claim / kleim/ 诉讼deficit / 5difisit/ 亏空cause / kR:z/ 诉讼,案件sum / sQm/ 总数,全额suit / sju:t/ 诉讼,案件amount / E5maunt/ 总数,总值complaint / kEm5pleint/ 控告,申诉bill / bil/ 汇票 (美作:check)justice / 5dVQstis/ 审判receipt / ri5si:t/ 收据judge / dVQdV/ 审理,审判dollar / 5dRlE/ 美元trial / 5traiEl/ 审理cent / sent/ 分plead / pli:d/ 辩护quarter / 5kwR:tE/ 二十五美分claim / kleim/ 辩护buck / bQk/ 一美元plea / pli:/ 辩护mark / ma:k/ 马克(德国)evidence / 5evidEns/ 证词pound / paund/ 英镑charge / tFa:dV/公诉书,刑事起诉书coin / kRin/ 硬币proof / pru:f/ 证据,证词bill / bil/ 纸币evidence / 5evidEns/ 证据,证词franc / frANk/ 法郎dock / dRk/ 被告席pence / pens/ 便士sentence / 5sentEns/ 宣判,判决penny / 5peni/ 便士convict / kEn5vikt, 5kRnvikt/囚犯,罪犯appeal / E5pi:l/ 上诉law / lR:/ 法律crime / kraim/ 犯法draft / dra:ft/ 法案,草案offence / E5fens/违法 (美作:offense)bill / bil/ 议案criminal / 5kriminl/ 罪犯clause / klR:z/ 条款attempt / E5tempt/ 未遂罪legislation / ledVis5leiFEn/ 立法threat / Wret/ 恐吓legal / 5li:gl/ 合法的,依法的menace / 5menEs/ 恐吓abolish / E5bRliF/ 废止,取消murder / 5mE:dE/ 暗杀,行刺prescription / pris5kripFEn/ 剥夺公权plot / plRt/ 结伙阴谋,共谋judge / dVQdV/ 法官theft / Weft/ 盗窃jury / 5dVuEri/ 陪审团fraud / frR:d/ 欺诈lawyer / 5lR:jE/ 律师,法律顾问penalty / 5penlti/ 处罚attorney / E5tE:ni/ 代诉人,代理人prison/ 5prizn/ 监狱 (美作:jail)inquiry / in5kwaiEri/ 询问,调查prisoner / 5priznE/ 囚犯hearing / 5hiEriN/ 审讯,审问gaol / dVeil/ 监狱 (美作:jailfine / fain/ 罚款mother-in-law / / 岳母(婆婆)allowance / E5lauEns/ 抚养费stepfather / / 继父lease / li:s/ 租约stepmother / 5stepmQTE/ 继母transfer / trAns5fE:/ 转让uncle / 5QNkl/ 叔父,伯父,舅父,姑父assignment / E5sainmEnt/ 转让aunt/ a:nt/ 婶母,伯母,舅母,姑母file / fail/ 文件nephew / 5nevju:/ 侄儿,外甥will / wil/ 遗嘱niece / ni:s/ 侄女,外甥女heir / ZE/ 继承人cousin / 5kQzn/ 堂兄妹,表兄妹tutor / 5tju:tE/ 监护人generation / dVenE5reiFEn/ 代guardian / 5ga:djEn/ 监护人descent / di5sent/ 后代,后辈family / 5fAmili/ 家庭offspring / 5R(:)fspriN/ 后代,后辈marriage / 5mAridV/ 婚姻head / hed/ 头couple / 5kQpl/ 夫妻hair / hZE/ 头发parent / 5pZErEnt/ 父母face / feis/ 脸single / 5siNgl/ 单身者cheek / tFi:k/ 脸颊male / meil/ 男的ear / iE/ 耳female / 5fi:meil/ 女的eye / ai/ 眼husband / 5hQzbEnd/ 丈夫lid / lid/ 眼睑father / 5fa:TE/ 父亲nose / nEuz/ 鼻子foster / 5fRstE/ 领养的mouth / mauW/ 嘴mother / 5mQTE/ 母亲lip / lip/ 嘴唇wife / waif/ 妻子throat / WrEut/ 咽喉son / sQn/ 儿子tonsil / 5tRnsl/ 扁桃腺grandson / 5grAndsQn/孙子,外孙tooth / tu:W/ 牙齿granddaughter / 5grAnddR:tE/孙女,外孙女denture / 5dentFE/ 假齿daughter / 5dR:tE/ 女儿gum / gQm/ 牙龈child / tFaild/ 孩子tongue / tQN/ 舌头heir / ZE/ 继承人neck / nek/ 脖子brother / 5brQTE/ 兄弟skull / skQl/ 颅骨, 头盖骨sister / sistE/ 姐妹brain / brein/ 脑twin / twin/ 双胞胎的chin / tFin/ 下巴grandfather / 5grAndfa:TE/ 祖父forehead / 5fRrid, 5fR:hed/ 额头grandmother / 5grAndmQTE/ 祖母temple / 5templ/ 太阳穴granny / 5grAni/ 奶奶,外婆mustache / mEs5ta:F/ 小胡子grandma / 5grAnma:/ 奶奶,外婆beard / biEd/ 山羊胡grandpa / 5grAnpa:/ 爷爷,外公whisker / 5wiskE/ 络腮胡son-in-law / / 女婿sidebums / / 鬓角daughter-in-law / / 儿媳bald head / / 秃头father-in-law / 5fa:TEinlR:/岳父wrinkle / 5riNkl/ 皱纹mole / mEul/ 痣liver / 5livE/ 肝脏freckle / 5frekl/ 雀斑gall / gR:l/ 胆囊dimple / 5dimpl/ 酒涡bladder / 5blAdE/ 膀胱pimple / 5pimpl/ 粉刺pancreas / 5pANkriEs/ 胰腺nipple / 5nipl/ 乳头spleen / spli:n/ 脾chest / tFest/ 胸部duodenum / dju:E5di:nEm/ 十二指肠navel / 5neivl/ 肚脐small intestine / / 小肠abdomen / 5AbdEmen/ 腹部large intestine / / 大肠shoulder / 5FEuldE/ 肩appendix / E5pendiks/ 盲肠back / bAk/ 背rectum / 5rektEm/ 直肠waist / weist/ 腰anus / 5einEs/ 肛门hip / hip/ 臀部urine / 5juErin/ 尿道buttock / 5bQtEk/ 屁股ovary / 5EuvEri/ 卵巢womb / wu:m/ 子宫collarbone / 5kRlEboun/ 锁骨vagina / vE5dVainE/ 阴道rib / rib/ 肋骨stomach / 5stQmEk/ 胃backbone / 5bAkbEun/脊骨,脊柱breastbone / 5brestboun/胸骨thumb / WQm/ 大拇指joint / dVRint/ 关节forefinger / 5fR:fiNgE/ 食指pelvis / 5pelvis/ 骨盆middle finger / / 中指sinew / 5sinju:/ 腱third finger / / 无名指muscle / 5mQsl/ 肌肉little finger / / 小指bone / bEun/ 骨palm / pa:m/ 手掌skeleton / 5skelitEn/ 骨骼nail / neil/ 指甲penis / 5pi:nis/ 阴茎fist / fist/ 拳头testicle / 5testikl/ 睾丸knuckle / 5nQkl/ 指关节scroticles / / 阴囊back / bAk/ 手背blood vessel / / 血管wrist / rist/ 手腕vein / vein/ 静脉elbow / 5elbEu/ 肘artery / 5a:tEri/ 动脉armpit / 5B:mpit/ 腋下capillary / kE5pilEri/ 毛细血管thigh / Wai/ 大腿nerve / nE:v/ 神经kneecap / ni:kAp/ 膝盖骨spinal marrow / / 脊髓thigh / Wai/ 大腿kidney / 5kidni/ 肾脏knee / ni:/ 膝盖windpipe / 5windpaip/ 气管shank / FANk/ 小腿lung / lQN/ 肺calf / ka:f/ 小腿肚heart / ha:t/ 心脏foot / fut/ 脚diaphragm / 5daiEfrAm/ 隔膜instep / 5instep/ 脚背organ / 5R:gEn/ 器官toe / tEu/ 脚趾gullet / 5gQlit/ 食道ankle / 5ANkl/ 踝heel / hi:l/ 脚后跟septicemia / / 败血病sole / sEul/ 脚底smallpox / 5smR:lpRks/ 天花arch / a:tF/ 脚掌心syphilis / 5sifilis/ 梅毒tetanus / 5tetEnEs/ 破伤风Disease / di5zi:z/ 疾病tumour / 5tju:mE/ 瘤anemia / E5ni:miE/ 贫血typhus / 5taifEs/ 斑疹伤寒anemia / E5ni:miE/ 贫血hepatitis / hepE5taitis/ 肝炎appendicitis / Ependi5saitis/ 阑尾炎nephritis / ne5fraitis/ 肾炎arthritis / B:5Wraitis/ 关节炎bronchitis / brRN5kaitis/ 支气管炎dash / dAF/ 短跑cancer / 5kAnsE/ 癌race / reis/ 赛跑cholera / 5kRlErE/ 霍乱high jump / / 跳高cold / kEuld/ 感冒, 伤风, 着凉long jump / / 跳远diabetes / daiE5bi:tiz/ 糖尿病throwing / / 投掷运动diphtheria / dif5WiriE/ 白喉walk / wR:k/ 竞走eczema / 5eksimE/ 湿疹football / 5futbR:l/足球(美式橄榄球)epilepsy / 5epilepsi/ 癫痫basketball / 5ba:skitbR:l/ 篮球gangrene / 5gANgri:n/ 坏疽volleyball / 5vRlibR:l/ 排球headache / 5hedeik/ 头痛badminton / 5bAdmintEn/ 羽毛球hemiplegy / 5hemipli:dVi/偏瘫,半身不遂tennis / 5tenis/ 网球indigestion / indi5dVestFEn/ 消化不良table tennis / / 乒乓球influenza / influ5enzE/ 流感baseball / 5beisbR:l/ 棒球flu / flu:/ 流感wrestling / 5resliN/ 摔交insanity / in5sAniti/ 精神病boxing / 5bRksiN/ 拳击leukemia / / 白血病soccer / 5sRkE/ 足球malaria / mE5lZEriE/ 疟疾chess / tFes/ 象棋malnutrition / 5mAlnju:5triFEn/ 营养不良bridge / bridV/ 桥牌measles / 5mi:zlz/ 麻疹marathon / 5mArEWEn/ 马拉松mumps / mQmps/ 流行性腮腺炎pole vault / / 撑竿跳neuralgia / nju5rAldVE/ 神经痛shot put / / 推铅球neurasthenia / njurEs5Wi:niE/ 神经衰弱discus / 5diskEs/ 铁饼paralysis / pE5rAlisis/ 麻痹hammer / 5hAmE/ 链球peritonitis / peritE5naitis/ 腹膜炎javelin / 5dVAvElin/ 标枪pharyngitis / fArin5dVaitis/ 咽炎gymnastics / dVim5nAstiks/ 体操phtisis / / 痨病, 肺结核horizontal bar / / 单杠pneumonia / nju:5mEunjE/ 肺炎parallel bars / / 双杠poliomyelitis / / 脊髓灰质炎rings / / 吊环rabies / 5reibi:z/ 狂犬病weight-lifting / / 举重rheumatism / 5ru:mEtizEm/ 风湿病judo / 5dVu:dou/ 柔道scarlet fever / 5ska:lit 5fi:vE/ 猩红热fencing / 5fensiN/ 击剑skiing / 5ski:iN/ 滑雪rose / rEuz/ 玫瑰skating / 5skeitiN/ 滑冰rose / rEuz/ 月季figure skating / / 花样滑冰tulip / 5tju:lip/ 郁金香bobsleigh / 5bRbslei/ 雪橇violet / 5vaiElit/ 紫罗兰handball / 5hAndbR:l/ 手球sunflower / 5sQnflauE/ 葵花hockey / 5hRki/ 曲棍球lotus / 5lEutEs/ 荷花golf / gRlf/ 高尔夫球dandelion / 5dAndilaiEn/ 蒲公英cricket / 5krikit/ 板球ice hockey / / 冰球apple / 5Apl/ 苹果swim / swim/ 游泳pear / pZE/ 梨breaststroke / ³£ the ~/ 蛙泳apricot / 5eiprikRt/ 杏backstroke / 5bAkstrouk/ 仰泳peach / pi:tF/ 桃freestyle / / 自由泳grape / greip/ 葡萄diving / 5daiviN/ 跳水banana / bE5na:nE/ 香蕉water polo / / 水球pineapple / 5painApl/ 菠萝rowing / 5rouiN/ 划船plum / plQm/ 李子canoe / kE5nu:/ 划艇watermelon / / 西瓜sailing / 5seiliN/ 帆船运动orange / 5RrindV/ 橙,桔子rally / 5rAli/ 汽车拉力赛lemon / 5lemEn/ 柠檬mango / 5mANgou/ 芒果azalea / E5zeijE/ 杜鹃花strawberry / 5strR:bEri/ 草莓begonia / bi5gounjE/ 秋海棠loquat / 5loukwRt/ 枇杷cactus / 5kAktEs/ 仙人掌mulberry / 5mQlbEri/ 桑椹camellia / kE5miljE/ 山茶花cherry / 5tFeri/ 樱桃canna / 5kAnE/ 美人蕉pomegranate / 5pRmgrAnit/ 石榴carnation / kB:5neiFEn/ 康乃馨fig / fig/ 无花果chrysanthemum / kri5sAntFEmEm/菊花persimmon / pE5simEn/ 柿子dahlia / 5deiliE/ 大丽花walnut / 5wR:lnEt/ 胡桃daisy / 5deizi/ 雏菊hazelnut / 5heizlnQt/ 榛子datura / dE5tjurE/ 曼陀罗peanut / 5pi:nQt/ 花生hawthorn / 5hR:WR:n/ 山楂date / 5deit/ 枣jasmine / 5dVAsmin/ 茉莉chestnut / 5tFesnQt/ 粟lilac / 5lailEk/ 丁香coconut / 5kEukEnQt/ 可可lily / 5lili/ 百合guava / 5gwa:vE/ 番石榴morning glory / / 牵牛花sugarcane / 5FugEkein/ 甘蔗narcissus / nar5sisEs/ 水仙花orchid / 5Rrkid/ 兰花pine / pain/ 松peony / 5pi:Eni/ 牡丹larch / lartF/ 落叶松poppy / 5pRpi/ 罂粟花cypress / 5saipris/ 柏树redbud / 5redbQd/ 紫荆bamboo / bAm5bu:/ 竹poplar / 5pRplE/ 白杨celery / 5selEri/ 芹菜willow / 5wilEu/ 柳树onion / 5QnjEn/ 葱birch / 5bE:tF/ 白桦leek / li:k/ 韭菜maple / 5meipl/ 枫树radish / 5rAdiF/ 萝卜fir / fE:/ 枞树mushroom / 5mQFrum/ 蘑菇eucalytus / / 桉树lettuce / 5letis/ 莴苣,生菜locust / 5lEukEst/ 洋槐pea / pi:/ 豌豆camphor tree / / 樟树spinach / 5spinitF/ 菠菜sandalwood / / 檀香木elm / elm/ 榆木树bitch / bitF/ 雌狗oak / Euk/ 橡树horse / hR:s/ 马ginkgo / / 银杏树mare / mZE/ 母马holly / 5hRli/ 冬青pony / 5pEuni/ 马驹coco / 5koukou/ 椰树mule / mju:l/ 骡date / 5deit/ 枣椰树ass / As/ 驴hickory / 5hikEri/ 山核桃树donkey / 5dRNki/ 驴beech / bi:tF/ 山毛榉ox / Rks/ 牛baobab / 5beiEbAb/ 猴面包树buffalo / 5bQfElEu/ 水牛palm / pa:m/ 棕榈树bull / bul/ 公牛laurel / 5lRrEl/ 月桂树cow / kau/ 母牛ivy / 5aivi/ 常春藤calf / ka:f/ 小牛, 牛犊olive / 5Rliv/ 橄榄树heifer / 5hefE/ 小母牛pig / pig/ 猪tomato / tE5ma:tEu/ 番茄,西红柿swine / swain/ 猪asparagus / Es5pArEgEs/ 芦笋piglet / 5piglit/ 猪崽cucumber / 5kju:kQmbE/ 黄瓜sheep / Fi:p/ 羊eggplant / 5ZgplAnt/ 茄子goat / gEut/ 山羊bean / bi:n/ 菜豆lamb / lAm/ 羊羔,羔羊beetroot / 5bi:tru:t/ 甜菜根dog / dRg/ 狗pepper / 5pepE/ 胡椒cat / kAt/ 猫potato / pEu5teitEu/ 马铃薯kitten / 5kitn/ 小猫carrot / 5kArEt/ 胡萝卜kitty / 5kiti/ 小猫cauliflower / 5kR:lEflauE/ 花菜pussy / 5pusi, 5pQsi/ 小猫pumpkin / 5pQmpkin/ 南瓜rabbit / 5rAbit/ 兔子cabbage / 5kAbidV/ 圆白菜,卷心菜mouse / maus/ 家鼠chilli / 5tFili/ 红辣椒cock / kRk/ 公鸡capsicum / 5kApsikEm/ 辣椒hen / hen/ 母鸡garlic / 5ga:lik/ 蒜chicken / 5tFikin/ 鸡, 雏鸡fennel / 5fenl/ 茴香turkey / 5tE:ki/ 火鸡melon / 5melEn/ 香瓜,甜瓜goose / gu:s/ 鹅chicken / 5tFikin/ 小鸡chimpanzee / tFimpEn5zi:/ 黑猩猩rooster / 5ru:stE/ 公鸡gorilla / gE5rilE/ 大猩猩chick / tFik/ 小鸡orangutan / / 猩猩tomcat / 5tRmkAt/ 雄猫gibbon / 5gibEn/ 长臂猿zebra / 5zi:brE/ 斑马anteater / 5Anti:tE/ 食蚁兽antelope / 5AntilEup/ 羚羊platypus / 5plAtipEs/ 鸭嘴兽gazelle / gE5zel/ 小羚羊kangaroo / kANgE5ru:/ 袋鼠deer / diE/ 鹿koala / kE5RlE/ 考拉, 树袋熊reindeer / 5reindiE/ 驯鹿hedgehog / hedVhRg/ 刺猬giraffe / dVi5ra:f/ 长颈鹿porcupine / 5pR:kjupain/ 箭猪, 豪猪baboon / bE5bu:n/ 狒狒bat / bAt/ 蝙蝠camel / 5kAmEl/ 骆驼whale / weil/ 鲸elephant / 5elifEnt/ 象dolphin / 5dRlfin/ 海豚rhinoceros / rai5nRsErEs/ 犀牛seal / 5si:l/ 海豹hippopotamus / hipE5pRtEmEs/ 河马walrus / 5wR:lrEs/ 海象panda / 5pAndE/ 熊猫phoenix / 5fi:niks/ 凤凰lion / 5laiEn/ 狮eagle / 5i:gl/ 鹰lynx / liNks/ 猞猁condor / 5kRndR:/ 秃鹰panther / 5pAnWE/ 豹hawk / hR:k/ 鹰puma / 5pju:mE/ 美洲豹falcon / 5fR:lkEn, 5fR:kEn/ 隼leopard / 5lepEd/ 豹heron / 5herEn/ 苍鹰tiger / 5taigE/ 虎kite / kait/ 鹞wildcat / 5waildkAt/ 野猫vulture / 5vQltFE/ 秃鹫bison / 5baisn/ 美洲野牛peacock / 5pi:kRk/ 孔雀yak / jAk/ 牦牛duck / dQk/ 鸭badger / 5bAdVE/ 獾pelican / 5pelikEn/ 鹈鹕weasel / 5wi:zl/ 鼬,黄鼠狼cormorant / 5kRrmErEnt/ 鸬鹚otter / 5RtE/ 水獭swan / swRn/ 天鹅fox / fRks/ 狐wild goose / / 雁hyena / hai5i:nE/ 鬣狗pigeon / pidVin/ 鸽子wolf / wulf/ 狼pheasant / 5fZznt/ 雉, 野鸡squirrel / 5skwirEl/ 松鼠quail / kweil/ 鹌鹑beaver / 5bi:vE/ 河狸ostrich / 5RstritF/ 鸵鸟marmot / 5mB:mEt/ 土拨鼠stork / stR:k/ 鹳bear / bZE/ 熊seagull / / 海鸥hare / hZE/ 野兔albatross / 5AlbEtrRs/ 信天翁rat / rAt/ 鼠kingfisher / 5kiNfiFE/ 翠鸟gopher / / 囊地鼠woodpecker / 5wudpekE/ 啄木鸟mole / mEul/ 鼹鼠parrot / 5pArEt/ 鹦鹉monkey / 5mQNki/ 猴子cuckoo / 5kuku:/ 杜鹃,布谷鸟crow / krEu/ 乌鸦chub / / 鲢鱼magpie / 5mAgpai/ 喜鹊eel / i:l/ 鳗鱼swallow / 5swRlEu/ 燕子herring / 5heriN/ 青鱼, 鲱鱼sparrow / 5spArEu/ 麻雀mullet / 5mQlit/ 黑鱼nightingale / 5naitiNgeil/ 夜莺perch / pE:tF/ 鲈鱼canary / kE5nZEri/ 金丝雀salmon / 5sAmEn/ 鲑鱼starling / 5sta:liN/ 八哥trout / traut/ 鳟鱼thrush / WrQF/ 画眉anchovy / 5AntFEvi/ 凤尾鱼goldfinch / 5gouldfintF/ 金翅雀codfish / 5kRdfiF/ 鳕鱼robin / 5rRbin/ 知更鸟sardine / sa:5di:n/ 沙丁鱼lark / la:k/ 云雀sailfish / 5seilfiF/ 旗鱼penguin / 5pengwin/ 企鹅sea horse / / 海马owl / aul/ 枭,猫头鹰shark / Fa:k/ 鲨鱼throstle / 5WrRsl/ 画眉鸟tunny / 5tQni/ 金枪鱼snake / sneik/ 蛇prawn / prRn/ 明虾cobra / 5kEubrE/ 眼镜蛇shrimp / Frimp/ 虾python / 5paiWRn/ 蟒蛇crayfish / 5kreifiF/ 小龙虾, 喇蛄rattlesnake / 5rAtlsneik/ 响尾蛇lobster / 5lRbstE/ 龙虾lizard / 5lizEd/ 蜥蜴crab / krAb/ 蟹chameleon / kE5mi:ljEn/ 变色龙,避役ant / Ant/ 蚂蚁wall lizard / / 壁虎termite / 5tE:mait/ 白蚁crocodile / 5krRkEdail/ 鳄鱼, 非洲鳄bee / bi:/ 蜜蜂turtle / 5tE:tl/ 海龟honeybee / 5hQnibi:/ 蜜蜂tortoise / 5tR:tEs/ 龟wasp / wRsp/ 黄蜂, 胡蜂frog / frRg/ 青蛙beetle / 5bi:tl/ 甲壳虫tadpole / 5tAdpEul/ 蝌蚪fly / flai/ 苍蝇toad / tEud/ 蟾蜍horsefly / 5hR:sflai/ 厩蝇,牛虻snail / sneil/ 蜗牛flea / fli:/ 跳蚤cuttlefish / 5kQtlfiF/ 乌贼louse / laus/ 虱子, 白虱squid / skwid/ 枪乌贼,鱿鱼spider / 5spaidE/ 蜘蛛octopus / 5RktEpEs/ 章鱼mosquito / mEs5ki:tEu/ 蚊clam / klAm/ 蚌wiggler / 5wiglE/ 孑孓mussel / 5mQsl/ 淡菜,贻贝ladybug / 5ledibQg/ 瓢虫oyster / 5RistE/ 牡蛎firefly / 5faiEflai/ 萤火虫scallop / 5skRlEp/ 扇贝cicada / si5kedE/ 蝉sea urchin / / 海胆dragonfly / 5drAgEnflai/ 蜻蜓goldfish / 5gouldfiF/ 金鱼cricket / 5krikit/ 蟋蟀sperm / spE:m/ 巨头鲸locust / 5lEukEst/ 蝗虫carp / ka:p/ 鲤鱼grasshopper / 5gra:shRpE/ 蚱蜢crucian / 5kru:FEn/ 鲫鱼mantis / 5mAntis/ 螳螂caterpillar / 5kAtEpilE/ 毛虫egg / eg/ 蛋centipede / 5sentipi:d/ 蜈蚣meat / mi:t/ 肉butterfly / 5bQtEflai/ 蝴蝶beef / bi:f/ 牛肉butterfly / 5bQtEflai/ 白veal / vi:l/ 小牛肉蝴蝶moth / mRW/ 蛾lamb / lAm/ 羊肉bug / bQg/ 臭虫mutton / 5mQtn/ 羊肉cockroach / 5kak5rEutF/ 蟑螂sirloin / 5sE:lRin/ 牛脊肉scorpion / 5skR:piEn/ 蝎子steak / 5steik/ 牛排earthworm / 5E:WwE:m/ 蚯蚓chop / tFRp/ 排骨fishworm / 5fiFwE:m/ 蚯蚓cutlet / 5kQtlit/ 肉条leech / 5li:tF/ 蚂蝗,水蛭stew / stju:/ 炖肉roundworm / 5raundwE:m/ 蛔虫roast / rEust/ 烤肉pork / pR:k/ 猪肉nutrition / nju:5triFEn/营养ham / hAm/ 火腿appetite / 5Apitait/ 胃口bacon / 5beikEn/ 咸肉hunger / 5hQNgE/ 饥饿sausage / 5sRsidV/ 香肠thirst / WE:st/ 口渴的chicken / 5tFikin/ 鸡hungry / 5hQNgri/ 饥饿的turkey / 5tE:ki/ 火鸡thirsty / 5WE:sti/ 口渴的duck / dQk/ 鸭gluttony / 5glQtni/ 暴食fish / fiF/ 鱼greed / gri:d/ 贪嘴broth / brRW/ 肉汤overfeeding / / 吃得过多spice / spais/ 调料diet / 5daiEt/ 食谱salt / sR:lt/ 盐banquet / 5bANkwit/ 宴会vinegar / 5vinigE/ 醋breakfast / 5brekfEst/ 早餐sauce / sR:s/ 酱油lunch / lQntF/ 午餐oil / Ril/ 油dinner / 5dinE/ 正餐salad oil / / 色拉油supper / 5sQpE/ 晚饭pepper / 5pepE/ 辣椒soup / su:p/ 汤mustard / 5mQstEd/ 芥末entree / 5Rntrei/ 正菜clove / klEuv/ 丁香dessert / di5zE:t/ 甜点cheese / tFi:z/ 奶酪snack / snAk/ 点心,小吃butter / 5bQtE/ 奶油can / kAn/ 罐头noodle / 5nu:dl/ 面条,挂面tin / tin/ 听rice / rais/ 米饭fruit / fru:t/ 水果loaf / lEuf/ 长面包vegetable / 5vedVitEbl/ 蔬菜biscuit/ 5biskit/ (英)饼干,(美)小面包beancurd / / 豆腐Pizza / 5pi:tsE/ 比萨饼crisp / krisp/ 炸土豆片bread / bred/ 面包chips / tFips/ 炸薯条crust / krQst/ 面包皮milk / milk/ 奶cake / keik/ 蛋糕cookie / 5kuki/ 小甜饼coffeepot / / 咖啡壶mooncake / 5mu:nkeik/ 月饼tray / trei/ 托盘pie / pai/ 馅饼hamburg / 5hAmbE:g/ 汉堡包honey / 5hQni/ 蜂蜜pancake / 5pAnkeik/ 薄煎饼sugar / 5FugE/ 糖sandwich / 5sAnwidV/ 三明治,夹肉面包chocolate/ 5tFRkElit/ 巧克力tea / ti:/ 茶candy / 5kAndi/ 糖果coffee / 5kRfi/ 咖啡compote / 5kRmpout/ 蜜饯juice / dVu:s/ 果汁jam / dVAm/ 果酱wine / wain/ 葡萄酒sour / 5sauE/ adj.酸的beverage / 5bevEridV/ 饮料sweet / swi:t/ adj.甜的drink / driNk/ 饮料bitter / 5bitE/ adj.苦的mineral water / / 矿泉水hot / hRt/ adj.辣的lemonade / lemE5neid/ 柠檬水salty / 5sR:lti/ adj.咸的beer / biE/ 啤酒delicious / di5liFEs/ adj.美味的claret / 5klArEt/ 波尔多红葡萄酒cider / 5saidE/ 苹果酒Earth / E:W/ 地球champagne / FAm5pein/ 香槟酒moon / mu:n/ 月亮cocktail / 5kRkteil/ 鸡尾酒sun / sQn/ 太阳vodka / 5vRdkE/ 伏特加star / sta:/ 星whisky / 5wiski/ 威士忌planet / 5plAnit/ 行星brandy / 5brAndi/ 白兰地Venus / 5vi:nEs/ 金星martini / ma:5ti:ni/ 马提尼酒Jupiter / 5dVu:pitE/ 木星Mercury / 5mE:kjuri/ 水星menu / 5menju:/ 菜单,菜谱Mars / ma:z/ 火星bowl / bEul/ 碗Saturn / 5sAtE(:)n/ 土星table / 5teibl/ 餐桌Uranus / 5jurEnEs/ 天王星tablecloth / 5teiblklRW/ 桌布Neptune / 5neptju:n/ 海王星napkin / 5nApkin/ 餐巾Pluto / 5plu:tou/ 冥王星cutlery / 5kQtlEri/ 餐具constellation / kRnstE5leiFEn/ 星座fork / fR:k/ 叉the Bull / / 金牛座。

GUIDELINES REGARDING THE VERIFIED GROSS MASS OF A CONTAINER CARRYING CARGO

GUIDELINES REGARDING THE VERIFIED GROSS MASS OF A CONTAINER CARRYING CARGO

SOLAS CHAPTER VI CARRIAGE OF CARGOES AND OIL FUELSPart A General ProvisionsRegulation 2 – Cargo informationThe following new paragraphs 4 to 6 are added after existing paragraph 3:"4 In the case of cargo carried in a container*, except for containers carried on a chassis or a trailer when such containers are driven on or off a ro-ro ship engaged in short international voyages as defined in regulation III/3, the gross mass according to paragraph 2.1 of this regulation shall be verified by the shipper, either by: .1 weighing the packed container using calibrated and certified equipment; or .2 weighing all packages and cargo items, including the mass of pallets, dunnage and other securing material to be packed in the container and adding the tare mass of the container to the sum of the single masses, using a certified method approved by the competent authority of the State in which packing of the container was completed.5 The shipper of a container shall ensure the verified gross mass** is stated in the shipping document. The shipping document shall be:.1 signed by a person duly authorized by the shipper;.2 submitted to the master or his representative and to the terminal representative sufficiently in advance, as required by the master or his representative, to be used in the preparation of the ship stowage plan***.6 If the shipping document, with regard to a packed container, does not provide the verified gross mass and the master or his representative and the terminal representative have not obtained the verified gross mass of the packed container, it shall not be loaded on to the ship.MSC.1/Circ.1475 9 June 2014GUIDELINES REGARDING THE VERIFIED GROSS MASS OF A CONTAINER CARRYING CARGO1 The Maritime Safety Committee, at its ninety-third session (14 to 23 May 2014), having considered the proposal by the Sub-Committee on Dangerous Goods, Solid Cargoes and Containers, at its eighteenth session (16 to 20 September 2013), approved the Guidelines regarding the verified gross mass of a container carrying cargo, as set out in the annex.2 The Guidelines are intended to establish a common approach for the implementation and enforcement of the SOLAS requirements regarding the verification of the gross mass of packed containers.3 Member Governments are invited to bring the annexed Guidelines to the attention of all parties concerned.ANNEXGUIDELINES REGARDING THE VERIFIED GROSS MASS OF A CONTAINER CARRYING CARGO1 Introduction1.1 To ensure the safety of the ship, the safety of workers both aboard ships and ashore, the safety of cargo and overall safety at sea, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), as amended, requires in chapter VI, part A, regulation 2 that packed containers' gross mass are verified prior to stowage aboard ship. The shipper is responsible for the verification of the gross mass of a container carrying cargo (hereinafter "a packed container"). The shipper is also responsible for ensuring that the verified gross mass is communicated in the shipping documents sufficiently in advance to be used by the ship's master or his representative and the terminal representative in the preparation of the ship stowage plan. In the absence of the shipper providing the verified gross mass of the packed container, the container should not be loaded on to the ship unless the master or his representative and the terminal representative have obtained the verified gross mass through other means.1.2 The purpose of these Guidelines is to establish a common approach for the implementation and enforcement of the SOLAS requirements regarding the verification of the gross mass of packed containers. The Guidelines provide recommendations on how to interpret and apply the provisions of the SOLAS requirements. They also identify issues that may arise from the application of these requirements and provide guidance for how such issues should be resolved. Adherence to these Guidelines will facilitate compliance with the SOLAS requirements by shippers of containerized shipments, and they will assist other parties in international containerized supply chains, including shipping companies and port terminal facilities and their employees, in understanding their respective roles in accomplishing the enhancement of the safe handling, stowage and transport of containers.2 Definitions2.1 For the purpose of these Guidelines:2.1.1 Administration means the Government of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly.2.1.2 Calibrated and certified equipment means a scale, weighbridge, lifting equipment or any other device, capable of determining the actual gross mass of a packed container or of packages and cargo items, pallets, dunnage and other packing and securing material, that meets the accuracy standards and requirements of the State in which the equipment is being used.2.1.3 Cargo items has the same general meaning as the term "cargo" in the International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972, as amended (hereinafter referred to as "the CSC"), and means any goods, wares, merchandise, liquids, gases, solids and articles of every kind whatsoever carried in containers pursuant to a contract of carriage. However, ship's equipment and ship's supplies1, including ship's spare parts and stores, carried in containers are not regarded as cargo.1 Refer to the Revised recommendations on the safe transport of dangerous cargoes and related activities in port areas (MSC.1/Circ.1216).2.1.4 Container has the same meaning as the term "container" in the CSC and means an article of transport equipment:(a) of a permanent character and accordingly strong enough to be suitable for repeated use;(b) specially designed to facilitate the transport of goods, by one or more modes of transport, without intermediate reloading;(c) designed to be secured and/or readily handled, having corner fittings for these purposes; and(d) of a size such that the area enclosed by the four outer bottom corners is either:(i) at least 14 m2 (150 sq. ft.); or(ii) at least 7 m2 (75 sq. ft.) if it is fitted with top corner fittings.2.1.5 Contract of carriage means a contract in which a shipping company, against the payment of freight, undertakes to carry goods from one place to another. The contract may take the form of, or be evidenced by a document such as sea waybill, a bill of lading, or multi-modal transport document.2.1.6 Gross mass means the combined mass of a container's tare mass and the masses of all packages and cargo items, including pallets, dunnage and other packing material and securing materials packed into the container (see also "Verified gross mass").2.1.7 Package means one or more cargo items that are tied together, packed, wrapped, boxed or parcelled for transportation. Examples of packages include, but are not limited to, parcels, boxes, packets and cartons.2.1.8 Packed container means a container, as previously defined, loaded ("stuffed" or "filled") with liquids, gases, solids, packages and cargo items, including pallets, dunnage, and other packing material and securing materials.2.1.9 Packing material means any material used or for use with packages and cargo items to prevent damage, including, but not limited to, crates, packing blocks, drums, cases, boxes, barrels, and skids. Excluded from the definition is any material within individual sealed packages to protect the cargo item(s) inside the package.2.1.10 Securing material means all dunnage, lashing and other equipment used to block, brace, and secure packed cargo items in a container.2.1.11 Ship means any vessel to which SOLAS chapter VI applies. Excluded from this definition are roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) ships engaged on short international voyages2 where the containers are carried on a chassis or trailer and are loaded and unloaded by being driven on and off sucha ship.2 SOLAS regulation III/2 defines "short international voyage" as an international voyage in the course of which a ship is not more than 200 miles from a port or place in which the passengers and crew could be placed in safety, and which does not exceed 600 miles in length between the last port of call in the country in which the voyage begins and the final port of destination.2.1.12 Shipper means a legal entity or person named on the bill of lading or sea waybill or equivalent multimodal transport document (e.g. "through" bill of lading) as shipper and/or who (or in whose name or on whose behalf) a contract of carriage has been concluded with a shipping company.2.1.13 Shipping document means a document used by the shipper to communicate the verified gross mass of the packed container. This document can be part of the shipping instructions to the shipping company or a separate communication (e.g. a declaration including a weight certificate produced by a weigh station).2.1.14 Tare mass means the mass of an empty container that does not contain any packages, cargo items, pallets, dunnage, or any other packing material or securing material.2.1.15 Terminal representative means a person acting on behalf of a legal entity or person engaged in the business of providing wharfage, dock, stowage, warehouse, or other cargo handling services in connection with a ship.2.1.16 Verified gross mass means the total gross mass of a packed container as obtained by one of the methods described in paragraph 5.1 of these Guidelines. (see also "gross mass").3 Scope of applicability3.1 The SOLAS requirements to verify the gross mass of a packed container apply to all containers to which the CSC applies, and which are tobe stowed onto a ship determined by the Administration to be subject to SOLAS chapter VI.3.2 For example (but not limited to), a packed container on a chassis or trailer to be driven on a ro-ro ship is subject to the SOLAS requirements, if the ship has been determined by the Administration to be subject to SOLAS chapter VI and is not engaged on short international voyages. However, cargo items tendered by a shipper to the master for packing into a container already on board the ship are not subject to these SOLAS requirements.3.3 The term container includes tank-containers, flat-racks, bulk containers etc. Also included are containers carried on a chassis or a trailer except when such containers are driven on or off a ro-ro ship engaged in short international voyages (see definition of ship). Excluded from the definition is any type of vehicle3. Also excluded from the definition are "offshore containers" to which the CSC, according to the Guidelines for the approval of offshore containers handled in open seas (MSC/Circ.860) and the Revised recommendations on harmonized interpretation and implementation of the International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972, as amended (CSC.1/Circ.138/Rev.1), does not apply.3 Refer to the Revised recommendations on harmonized interpretation and implementation of the International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972, as amended (CSC.1/Circ.138/Rev.1).4 Main principles4.1 The responsibility for obtaining and documenting the verified gross mass of a packed container lies with the shipper.4.2 A container packed with packages and cargo items should not be loaded onto a ship to which the SOLAS regulations apply unless the master or his representative and the terminal representative have obtained, in advance of vessel loading, the verified actual gross mass of the container.5 Methods for obtaining the verified gross mass of a packed container5.1 The SOLAS regulations prescribe two methods by which the shipper may obtain the verified gross mass of a packed container:5.1.1 Method No.1: Upon the conclusion of packing and sealing a container, the shipper may weigh, or have arranged that a third party weighs, the packed container.5.1.2 Method No.2: The shipper (or, by arrangement of the shipper, a third party), may weigh all packages and cargo items, including the mass of pallets, dunnage and other packing and securing material to be packed in the container, and add the tare mass of the container to the sum of the single masses using a certified method as described in paragraphs 5.1.2.3 and 5.1.2.3.1. Any third party that has performed some or all of the packing of the container should inform the shipper of the mass of the cargo items and packing and securing material that the party has packed into the container in order to facilitate the shipper's verification of the gross mass of the packed container under MethodNo.2. As required by SOLAS VI/2 and paragraph 5, the shipper should ensure that the verified gross mass of the container is provided sufficiently in advance of vessel loading. How such information is to be communicated between the shipper and any third party should be agreed between the commercial parties involved.5.1.2.1 Individual, original sealed packages that have the accurate mass of the packages and cargo items (including any other material such as packing material and refrigerants inside the packages) clearly and permanently marked on their surfaces, do not need to be weighed again when they are packed into the container.5.1.2.2 Certain types of cargo items (e.g. scrap metal, unbagged grain and other cargo in bulk) do not easily lend themselves to individual weighing of the items to be packed in the container. In such cases, usage of Method No.2 would be inappropriate and impractical, and Method No.1 should be used instead.5.1.2.3 The method used for weighing the container's contents under Method No.2 is subject to certification and approval as determined by the competent authority of the State in which the packing and sealing of the container was completed.44 Reference to the relevant MSC Circular regarding contact information for the competent authority.5.1.2.3.1 How the certification is to be done will be up to the State concerned, and could pertain to either the procedure for the weighing or to the party performing the weighing or both.5.1.3 If a container is packed by multiple parties or contains cargo from multiple parties, the shipper as defined in paragraph 2.1 is responsible for obtaining and documenting the verified gross mass of the packed container. If the shipper chooses Method No.2 to obtain the verified gross mass, the shipper is then subject to all the conditions given in paragraphs 5.1.2, 5.1.2.1, 5.1.2.2, and 5.1.2.3.6 Documentation6.1 The SOLAS regulations require the shipper to verify the gross mass of the packed container using Method No.1 or Method No.2 and to communicate the verified gross mass in a shipping document. This document can be part of the shipping instructions to the shipping company or a separate communication (e.g. a declaration including a weight certificate produced by a weigh station utilizing calibrated and certified equipment on the route between the shipper's origin and the port terminal). In either case, the document should clearly highlight that the gross mass provided is the "verified gross mass" as defined in paragraph 2.1.6.2 Irrespective of its form, the document declaring the verified gross mass of the packed container should be signed by a person duly authorized by the shipper. The signature may be an electronic signature or may be replaced by the name in capitals of the person authorized to sign it.6.3 It is a condition for loading onto a ship to which the SOLAS regulations apply that the verified gross mass of a packed container be provided, preferably by electronic means such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) or Electronic Data Processing (EDP), to the ship's master or his representative and to the terminal representative sufficiently in advance of ship loading to be used in the preparation and implementation of the ship stowage plan.6.3.1 Because the contract of carriage is between the shipper and the shipping company, not between the shipper and the port terminal facility, the shipper may meet its obligation under the SOLAS regulations by submitting the verified gross mass to the shipping company. It is then the responsibility of the shipping company to provide information regarding the verified gross mass of the packed container to the terminal representative in advance of ship loading. Similarly, the shipper may also submit the verified gross mass to the port terminal facility representative upon delivery of the container to the port facility in advance of loading.6.3.1.1 The master or his representative and the terminal representative should enter into arrangements to ensure the prompt sharing of verified container gross mass information provided by shippers. Existing communication systems may be used for the transmission and sharing of such verified container gross mass information.6.3.1.2 At the time a packed container is delivered to a port terminal facility, the terminal representative should have been informed by the shipping company whether the shipper has provided the verified gross mass of the packed container and what that gross mass is.6.3.2 There is no SOLAS prescribed time deadline for the shipper's submission of the verified gross mass other than such information is to be received in time to be used by the master and the terminal representative in the ship stowage plan. The finalization of the ship stowage plan will depend on ship type and size, local port loading procedures, trade lane and other operational factors. It is the responsibility of the shipping company with whom the shipper enters into a contract of carriage to inform the shipper, following prior discussions with the port terminal, of any specific time deadline for submitting the information.7 Equipment7.1 The scale, weighbridge, lifting equipment or other devices used to verify the gross mass of the container, in accordance with either Method No.1 or Method No.2 discussed above, should meet the applicable accuracy standards and requirements of the State in which the equipment is being used.8 Intermodal container movements and transhipments8.1 The verified gross mass of a packed container should be provided to the next party taking custody of the container.8.1.1 If a packed container is transported by road, rail or a vessel to which the SOLAS regulations do not apply and delivered to a port terminal facility without its verified gross mass, it may not be loaded onto a ship to which the SOLAS regulations apply unless the master or his representative and the terminal representative have obtained the verified gross mass of the container on behalf of the shipper (see also paragraph 13.1).8.1.2 If a packed container is delivered to a port terminal facility by a ship to which the SOLAS regulations apply for transhipment onto a ship to which the SOLAS regulations also apply, each container being delivered is required by the SOLAS regulations to have had a verified gross mass before loading onto the delivering ship. All packed containers discharged in the transhipment port should therefore already have a verified gross mass and further weighing in the transhipment port facility is not required. The delivering ship should inform the port terminal facility in the transhipment port of the verified gross mass of each delivered packed container. The master of the ship onto which the transhipped, packed containers are to be loaded and the port terminal facility in the transhipment port may rely on the information provided by the delivering vessel. Existing ship-port communication systems may be used for the provision of such information in agreement between the commercial parties involved.9 Discrepancies in gross mass9.1 Any discrepancy between a packed container's gross mass declared prior to the verification of its gross mass and its verified gross mass should be resolved by use of the verified gross mass.9.2 Any discrepancy between a verified gross mass of a packed container obtained prior to the container's delivery to the port terminal facility and a verified gross mass of that container obtained by that port facility's weighing of the container should be resolved by use of the latter verified gross mass obtained by the port terminal facility.10 Containers exceeding their maximum gross mass10.1 SOLAS regulation VI/5 requires that a container not be packed to more than the maximum gross mass indicated on the Safety Approval Plate under the International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC), as amended. A container with a gross mass exceeding its maximumpermitted gross mass may not be loaded onto a ship.11 Containers on road vehicles11.1 If the verified gross mass of a packed container is obtained by weighing the container while it is on a road vehicle, (e.g. chassis or trailer), the tare mass of the road vehicle (and, where applicable, the tractor) should be subtracted to obtain the verified gross mass of the packed container. The subtraction should reflect the tare mass of the road vehicle (and, where applicable, the tractor) as indicated in their registration documents as issued by the competent authority of the State where these assets are registered. The mass of any fuel in the tank of the tractor should also be subtracted.11.2 If two packed containers on a road vehicle are to be weighed, their gross mass should be determined by weighing each container separately. Simply dividing the total gross mass of the two containers by two after subtracting the mass of the road vehicle and the tractor, where applicable, would not produce an accurate verified gross mass for each container, and should not be allowed.12 Empty containers12.1 Shippers of empty containers and operators of empty containers are encouraged to have practices and arrangements in place to ensure that they are empty. The tare weight will visually appear on the container in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard for container marking and identification5) and should be used.5 Refer to standard ISO 6346 – Freight containers – Coding, identification and marking.13 Contingencies for containers received without a verified gross mass13.1 Notwithstanding that the shipper is responsible for obtaining and documenting the verified gross mass of a packed container, situations may occur where a packed container is delivered to a port terminal facility without the shipper having provided the required verified gross mass of the container. Such a container should not be loaded onto the ship until its verified gross mass has been obtained. In order to allow the continued efficient onward movement of such containers, the master or his representative and the terminal representative may obtain the verified gross mass of the packed container on behalf of the shipper. This may be done by weighing the packed container in the terminal or elsewhere. The verified gross mass so obtained should be used in the preparation of the ship loading plan. Whether and how to do this should be agreed between the commercial parties, including the apportionment of the costs involved.14 Master's ultimate decision whether to stow a packed container14.1 Ultimately, and in conformance with the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing6, the ship's master should accept the cargo on board his ship only if he is satisfied that it can be safely transported. Nothing in the SOLAS regulations limit the principle that the master retains ultimate discretion in deciding whether to accept a packed container for loading onto his ship. Availability to both the terminal representative and to the master or his representative of the verified gross mass of a packed container sufficiently in advance to be used in the ship stowage plan is a prerequisite for the container to be loaded onto a ship to which the SOLAS regulations apply. It does, however, not constitute an entitlement for loading.6 Refer to the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing (resolution A.714(17)) and subsequent amendments.15 Enforcement15.1 Like other SOLAS provisions, the enforcement of the SOLAS requirements regarding the verified gross mass of packed containers falls within the competence and is the responsibility of the SOLAS Contracting Governments. Contracting Governments acting as port States should verify compliance with these SOLAS requirements. Any incidence of non-compliance with the SOLAS requirements is enforceable according to national legislation.15.2 The ultimate effectiveness and enforcement of the SOLAS container gross mass verification requirement is that a packed container, for which the verified gross mass has not been obtained sufficiently in advance to be used in the ship stowage plan, will be denied loading onto a ship to which the SOLAS regulations apply. Any costs associated with the non-loading, storage, demurrage or eventual return of the container to the tendering shipper of the container should be subject to contractual arrangements between the commercial parties.16 Effective date of the SOLAS requirements regarding verified gross mass of a container carrying cargo16.1 The SOLAS requirements regarding verified gross mass of a container carrying cargo (SOLAS regulation VI/2) are expected to enter into force in July 2016.。

FM2-8中文版规范

FM2-8中文版规范

FM GlobalProperty Loss Prevention Data Sheets 2-8EARTHQUAKE PROTECTION FORWATER-BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMSSeptember 20041.0 范围 (3)1.1 变动 (3)2.0 防损建议 (3)2.1 简介 (3)2.2 防护 (4)2.2.1 喷淋系统,包括架内喷淋系统和小管管道系统 (4)2.2.2 竖管 (37)2.2.3 水喷雾系统 (38)2.2.4 泡沫水喷淋系统 (38)2.2.5 消防泵装置 (38)2.2.6 贮水箱及水库 (39)2.2.7 消防系统规划和计算 (40)3.0 支撑建议 (41)3.1 抗摇支撑设计实例 (41)3.1.1 实例 (41)3.1.2 网架系统-系统1 (41)3.1.3 环状系统-系统2 (47)3.1.4 树系统-系统3 (52)4.0 参考文献 (57)4.1 FM 全球 (57)4.2 NFPA 标准 (57)附录A 术语 (57)附录B 版本历史 (57)List of FiguresFig. 2.2.1.1(a). lateral sway bracing using one vertical and one diagonal brace. .... (4)Fig. 2.2.1.1(b). lateral sway bracing using two opposing diagonal braces. .. (5)Fig. 2.2.1.1(c). longitudinal sway bracing using one vertical and one diagonal brace. (5)Fig. 2.2.1.1(d). longitudinal sway bracing using two diagonal braces. (6)Fig. 2.2.1.1.2(a). Configuration A Fastener with two opposing diagona l braces−fasteners intounderside of structural member. (16)Fig. 2.2.1.1.2(b). Configuration A fasteners with one diagonal and one vertical brace-fasteners into underside of structural member. (16)F ig. 2.2.1.1.2(c). Configuration B Fastener with two opposing diagonal braces−fasteners into side ofstructural member. (17)Fig. 2.2.1.1.2(d). Configuration B fasteners with one diagonal andone vertical brace−fasteners into side of structural member. (17)Fig. 2.2.1.1.2(e). Configuration C Fastener with two opposing diagonal braces−fasteners intoface of structural member. (18)Fig. 2.2.1.1.2(f). Configuration C fasteners with one diagonal and one vertical brace−fasteners into face of structural member. (18)Fig. 2.2.1.1.2(g). Special threaded pipe fitting for attachment of sway brace to structure (19)Fig. 2.2.1.1.2(h). Detail of connection of sway brace to side of wood beam with through bolt. (19)Fig. 2.2.1.1.2(i). Dimensional locations for lag screws and through bolts in wood. (20)Fig. 2.2.1.1.2(j). Pilot hole sizing for lag screws−use with Table 3.2.1(c). (21)Fig. 2.2.1.1.2(k). Examples of Bracing Attachment to Piping. (23)Fig. 2.2.1.2.2(a). Flexible coupling and four-way sway bracing details for riser. (30)Fig. 2.2.1.2.2(b). Arrangement of manifolded risers. (31)Fig. 2.2.1.2.2(d). Arrangement of flexible couplings for risers passing through floors ofmultistory buildings. (32)Fig. 2.2.1.2.2(c). Arrangement of combination risers for ceiling sprinklers andin-rack-sprinklers/hose stations. (33)Fig. 2.2.1.2.4. Arrangements for piping feeding in-rack sprinklers. (34)Fig. 2.2.1.2.5. Arrangement for pipe drops supplying sprinklers below ceilings, mezzanines,walkways, etc. (35)Fig. 2.2.1.2.7. Seismic separation assembly for fire protection system piping that crosses a seismic building expansion joint above ground level (36)Fig. 3.1.1. Example of building with three sprinkler risers and three types of sprinklersystem configurations. (41)Fig. 3.1.2.1. Layout and zones of influence for lateral and four-way riser sway bracing for System #1. .. 42 Fig. 3.1.2.2. Layout and zones of influence for longitudinal and four-way riser sway bracing forSystem #1. (43)Fig. 3.1.3.1. Layout and zones of influence for lateral and four-way riser sway bracing for System #2. .. 47Fig. 3.1.3.2. Layout and zones of influence for longitudinal and four-way riser sway bracing forSystem #2. (48)Fig. 3.1.4.1. Layout and zones of influence for lateral and four-way sway bracing for System #3. (52)Fig. 3.1.4.2. Layout and zones of influence for longitudinal and four-way sway bracing for System #3. . 53 List of TablesTable 2.2.1.1(a). Weight of Water-filled Pipe (10)Table 2.2.1.1(b). Maximum Horizontal Loads for Various Sway Brace Members (12)Table 2.2.1.1(b). Maximum Horizontal Loads for Various Sway Brace Members (Metric) (13)Table 2.2.1.1(b). Maximum Horizontal Loads for Various Sway Brace Members (13)Table 2.2.1.1(b). Maximum Horizontal Loads for Various Sway Brace Members (Metric) (14)Table 2.2.1.1(b). Maximum Horizontal Loads for Various Sway Brace Members (14)Table 2.2.1.1(b). Maximum Horizontal Loads for Various Sway Brace Members (Metric) (14)Table 2.2.1.1(c) Hole Dimensions for Lag Screws (20)Table 2.2.1.1(k). Minimum Shear and Tension Capacities for Concrete Anchors (22)Table 2.2.1.1(d). Maximum Horizontal Load for Through Bolts in Wood-Load Perpendicular to Grain, lb (24)Table 2.2.1.1(d). Maximum Horizontal Load for Through Bolts in Wood-Load Perpendicular to Grain, lb (continued) (25)Table 2.2.1.1(e). Maximum Horizontal Load for Lag Screws in Wood-Load Perpendicular to Grain, lb .. 25 Table 2.2.1.1(f). Maximum Horizontal Load for Through Bolts in Steel (bolt perpendicular tomounting surface), lb (26)Table 2.2.1.1(g). Maximum Horizontal Load for Through Bolts in Wood-Load Perpendicular to Grain, N (Metric) (26)Table 2.2.1.1(g). Maximum Horizontal Load for Through Bolts in Wood-Load Perpendicular to Grain, N (Metric) (continued) (27)Table 2.2.1.1(h). Maximum Horizontal Load for Lag Screws in Wood-Load Perpendicular to Grain, N (Metric) (28)Table 2.2.1.1(i). Maximum Horizontal Load for Through Bolts in Steel (bolt perpendicular to mounting surface), N (28)Table 3.1.2. Horizontal Seismic Design Loads for System No. 1. (44)Table 3.1.3. Horizontal Seismic Design Load Calculations for System No. 2. (49)Table 3.1.4. Horizontal Seismic Design Loads for System No. 3. (54)1.0 范围本技术资料为水防火系统的固定抗震提供相关建议。

斑马技术公司DS8108数字扫描仪产品参考指南说明书

斑马技术公司DS8108数字扫描仪产品参考指南说明书
Chapter 1: Getting Started Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1-1 Interfaces ....................................................................................................................................... 1-2 Unpacking ...................................................................................................................................... 1-2 Setting Up the Digital Scanner ....................................................................................................... 1-3 Installing the Interface Cable .................................................................................................... 1-3 Removing the Interface Cable .................................................................................................. 1-4 Connecting Power (if required) ................................................................................................ 1-4 Configuring the Digital Scanner ............................................................................................... 1-4

3GPP TS 36.331 V13.2.0 (2016-06)

3GPP TS 36.331 V13.2.0 (2016-06)

3GPP TS 36.331 V13.2.0 (2016-06)Technical Specification3rd Generation Partnership Project;Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network;Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);Radio Resource Control (RRC);Protocol specification(Release 13)The present document has been developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP TM) and may be further elaborated for the purposes of 3GPP. The present document has not been subject to any approval process by the 3GPP Organizational Partners and shall not be implemented.This Specification is provided for future development work within 3GPP only. The Organizational Partners accept no liability for any use of this Specification. Specifications and reports for implementation of the 3GPP TM system should be obtained via the 3GPP Organizational Partners' Publications Offices.KeywordsUMTS, radio3GPPPostal address3GPP support office address650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia AntipolisValbonne - FRANCETel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16InternetCopyright NotificationNo part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.© 2016, 3GPP Organizational Partners (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC).All rights reserved.UMTS™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its members3GPP™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational PartnersLTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners GSM® and the GSM logo are registered and owned by the GSM AssociationBluetooth® is a Trade Mark of the Bluetooth SIG registered for the benefit of its membersContentsForeword (18)1Scope (19)2References (19)3Definitions, symbols and abbreviations (22)3.1Definitions (22)3.2Abbreviations (24)4General (27)4.1Introduction (27)4.2Architecture (28)4.2.1UE states and state transitions including inter RAT (28)4.2.2Signalling radio bearers (29)4.3Services (30)4.3.1Services provided to upper layers (30)4.3.2Services expected from lower layers (30)4.4Functions (30)5Procedures (32)5.1General (32)5.1.1Introduction (32)5.1.2General requirements (32)5.2System information (33)5.2.1Introduction (33)5.2.1.1General (33)5.2.1.2Scheduling (34)5.2.1.2a Scheduling for NB-IoT (34)5.2.1.3System information validity and notification of changes (35)5.2.1.4Indication of ETWS notification (36)5.2.1.5Indication of CMAS notification (37)5.2.1.6Notification of EAB parameters change (37)5.2.1.7Access Barring parameters change in NB-IoT (37)5.2.2System information acquisition (38)5.2.2.1General (38)5.2.2.2Initiation (38)5.2.2.3System information required by the UE (38)5.2.2.4System information acquisition by the UE (39)5.2.2.5Essential system information missing (42)5.2.2.6Actions upon reception of the MasterInformationBlock message (42)5.2.2.7Actions upon reception of the SystemInformationBlockType1 message (42)5.2.2.8Actions upon reception of SystemInformation messages (44)5.2.2.9Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType2 (44)5.2.2.10Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType3 (45)5.2.2.11Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType4 (45)5.2.2.12Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType5 (45)5.2.2.13Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType6 (45)5.2.2.14Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType7 (45)5.2.2.15Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType8 (45)5.2.2.16Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType9 (46)5.2.2.17Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType10 (46)5.2.2.18Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType11 (46)5.2.2.19Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType12 (47)5.2.2.20Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType13 (48)5.2.2.21Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType14 (48)5.2.2.22Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType15 (48)5.2.2.23Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType16 (48)5.2.2.24Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType17 (48)5.2.2.25Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType18 (48)5.2.2.26Actions upon reception of SystemInformationBlockType19 (49)5.2.3Acquisition of an SI message (49)5.2.3a Acquisition of an SI message by BL UE or UE in CE or a NB-IoT UE (50)5.3Connection control (50)5.3.1Introduction (50)5.3.1.1RRC connection control (50)5.3.1.2Security (52)5.3.1.2a RN security (53)5.3.1.3Connected mode mobility (53)5.3.1.4Connection control in NB-IoT (54)5.3.2Paging (55)5.3.2.1General (55)5.3.2.2Initiation (55)5.3.2.3Reception of the Paging message by the UE (55)5.3.3RRC connection establishment (56)5.3.3.1General (56)5.3.3.1a Conditions for establishing RRC Connection for sidelink communication/ discovery (58)5.3.3.2Initiation (59)5.3.3.3Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionRequest message (63)5.3.3.3a Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionResumeRequest message (64)5.3.3.4Reception of the RRCConnectionSetup by the UE (64)5.3.3.4a Reception of the RRCConnectionResume by the UE (66)5.3.3.5Cell re-selection while T300, T302, T303, T305, T306, or T308 is running (68)5.3.3.6T300 expiry (68)5.3.3.7T302, T303, T305, T306, or T308 expiry or stop (69)5.3.3.8Reception of the RRCConnectionReject by the UE (70)5.3.3.9Abortion of RRC connection establishment (71)5.3.3.10Handling of SSAC related parameters (71)5.3.3.11Access barring check (72)5.3.3.12EAB check (73)5.3.3.13Access barring check for ACDC (73)5.3.3.14Access Barring check for NB-IoT (74)5.3.4Initial security activation (75)5.3.4.1General (75)5.3.4.2Initiation (76)5.3.4.3Reception of the SecurityModeCommand by the UE (76)5.3.5RRC connection reconfiguration (77)5.3.5.1General (77)5.3.5.2Initiation (77)5.3.5.3Reception of an RRCConnectionReconfiguration not including the mobilityControlInfo by theUE (77)5.3.5.4Reception of an RRCConnectionReconfiguration including the mobilityControlInfo by the UE(handover) (79)5.3.5.5Reconfiguration failure (83)5.3.5.6T304 expiry (handover failure) (83)5.3.5.7Void (84)5.3.5.7a T307 expiry (SCG change failure) (84)5.3.5.8Radio Configuration involving full configuration option (84)5.3.6Counter check (86)5.3.6.1General (86)5.3.6.2Initiation (86)5.3.6.3Reception of the CounterCheck message by the UE (86)5.3.7RRC connection re-establishment (87)5.3.7.1General (87)5.3.7.2Initiation (87)5.3.7.3Actions following cell selection while T311 is running (88)5.3.7.4Actions related to transmission of RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest message (89)5.3.7.5Reception of the RRCConnectionReestablishment by the UE (89)5.3.7.6T311 expiry (91)5.3.7.7T301 expiry or selected cell no longer suitable (91)5.3.7.8Reception of RRCConnectionReestablishmentReject by the UE (91)5.3.8RRC connection release (92)5.3.8.1General (92)5.3.8.2Initiation (92)5.3.8.3Reception of the RRCConnectionRelease by the UE (92)5.3.8.4T320 expiry (93)5.3.9RRC connection release requested by upper layers (93)5.3.9.1General (93)5.3.9.2Initiation (93)5.3.10Radio resource configuration (93)5.3.10.0General (93)5.3.10.1SRB addition/ modification (94)5.3.10.2DRB release (95)5.3.10.3DRB addition/ modification (95)5.3.10.3a1DC specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (96)5.3.10.3a2LWA specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (98)5.3.10.3a3LWIP specific DRB addition or reconfiguration (98)5.3.10.3a SCell release (99)5.3.10.3b SCell addition/ modification (99)5.3.10.3c PSCell addition or modification (99)5.3.10.4MAC main reconfiguration (99)5.3.10.5Semi-persistent scheduling reconfiguration (100)5.3.10.6Physical channel reconfiguration (100)5.3.10.7Radio Link Failure Timers and Constants reconfiguration (101)5.3.10.8Time domain measurement resource restriction for serving cell (101)5.3.10.9Other configuration (102)5.3.10.10SCG reconfiguration (103)5.3.10.11SCG dedicated resource configuration (104)5.3.10.12Reconfiguration SCG or split DRB by drb-ToAddModList (105)5.3.10.13Neighbour cell information reconfiguration (105)5.3.10.14Void (105)5.3.10.15Sidelink dedicated configuration (105)5.3.10.16T370 expiry (106)5.3.11Radio link failure related actions (107)5.3.11.1Detection of physical layer problems in RRC_CONNECTED (107)5.3.11.2Recovery of physical layer problems (107)5.3.11.3Detection of radio link failure (107)5.3.12UE actions upon leaving RRC_CONNECTED (109)5.3.13UE actions upon PUCCH/ SRS release request (110)5.3.14Proximity indication (110)5.3.14.1General (110)5.3.14.2Initiation (111)5.3.14.3Actions related to transmission of ProximityIndication message (111)5.3.15Void (111)5.4Inter-RAT mobility (111)5.4.1Introduction (111)5.4.2Handover to E-UTRA (112)5.4.2.1General (112)5.4.2.2Initiation (112)5.4.2.3Reception of the RRCConnectionReconfiguration by the UE (112)5.4.2.4Reconfiguration failure (114)5.4.2.5T304 expiry (handover to E-UTRA failure) (114)5.4.3Mobility from E-UTRA (114)5.4.3.1General (114)5.4.3.2Initiation (115)5.4.3.3Reception of the MobilityFromEUTRACommand by the UE (115)5.4.3.4Successful completion of the mobility from E-UTRA (116)5.4.3.5Mobility from E-UTRA failure (117)5.4.4Handover from E-UTRA preparation request (CDMA2000) (117)5.4.4.1General (117)5.4.4.2Initiation (118)5.4.4.3Reception of the HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest by the UE (118)5.4.5UL handover preparation transfer (CDMA2000) (118)5.4.5.1General (118)5.4.5.2Initiation (118)5.4.5.3Actions related to transmission of the ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message (119)5.4.5.4Failure to deliver the ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message (119)5.4.6Inter-RAT cell change order to E-UTRAN (119)5.4.6.1General (119)5.4.6.2Initiation (119)5.4.6.3UE fails to complete an inter-RAT cell change order (119)5.5Measurements (120)5.5.1Introduction (120)5.5.2Measurement configuration (121)5.5.2.1General (121)5.5.2.2Measurement identity removal (122)5.5.2.2a Measurement identity autonomous removal (122)5.5.2.3Measurement identity addition/ modification (123)5.5.2.4Measurement object removal (124)5.5.2.5Measurement object addition/ modification (124)5.5.2.6Reporting configuration removal (126)5.5.2.7Reporting configuration addition/ modification (127)5.5.2.8Quantity configuration (127)5.5.2.9Measurement gap configuration (127)5.5.2.10Discovery signals measurement timing configuration (128)5.5.2.11RSSI measurement timing configuration (128)5.5.3Performing measurements (128)5.5.3.1General (128)5.5.3.2Layer 3 filtering (131)5.5.4Measurement report triggering (131)5.5.4.1General (131)5.5.4.2Event A1 (Serving becomes better than threshold) (135)5.5.4.3Event A2 (Serving becomes worse than threshold) (136)5.5.4.4Event A3 (Neighbour becomes offset better than PCell/ PSCell) (136)5.5.4.5Event A4 (Neighbour becomes better than threshold) (137)5.5.4.6Event A5 (PCell/ PSCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better thanthreshold2) (138)5.5.4.6a Event A6 (Neighbour becomes offset better than SCell) (139)5.5.4.7Event B1 (Inter RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold) (139)5.5.4.8Event B2 (PCell becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT neighbour becomes better thanthreshold2) (140)5.5.4.9Event C1 (CSI-RS resource becomes better than threshold) (141)5.5.4.10Event C2 (CSI-RS resource becomes offset better than reference CSI-RS resource) (141)5.5.4.11Event W1 (WLAN becomes better than a threshold) (142)5.5.4.12Event W2 (All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than threshold1 and a WLANoutside WLAN mobility set becomes better than threshold2) (142)5.5.4.13Event W3 (All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than a threshold) (143)5.5.5Measurement reporting (144)5.5.6Measurement related actions (148)5.5.6.1Actions upon handover and re-establishment (148)5.5.6.2Speed dependant scaling of measurement related parameters (149)5.5.7Inter-frequency RSTD measurement indication (149)5.5.7.1General (149)5.5.7.2Initiation (150)5.5.7.3Actions related to transmission of InterFreqRSTDMeasurementIndication message (150)5.6Other (150)5.6.0General (150)5.6.1DL information transfer (151)5.6.1.1General (151)5.6.1.2Initiation (151)5.6.1.3Reception of the DLInformationTransfer by the UE (151)5.6.2UL information transfer (151)5.6.2.1General (151)5.6.2.2Initiation (151)5.6.2.3Actions related to transmission of ULInformationTransfer message (152)5.6.2.4Failure to deliver ULInformationTransfer message (152)5.6.3UE capability transfer (152)5.6.3.1General (152)5.6.3.2Initiation (153)5.6.3.3Reception of the UECapabilityEnquiry by the UE (153)5.6.4CSFB to 1x Parameter transfer (157)5.6.4.1General (157)5.6.4.2Initiation (157)5.6.4.3Actions related to transmission of CSFBParametersRequestCDMA2000 message (157)5.6.4.4Reception of the CSFBParametersResponseCDMA2000 message (157)5.6.5UE Information (158)5.6.5.1General (158)5.6.5.2Initiation (158)5.6.5.3Reception of the UEInformationRequest message (158)5.6.6 Logged Measurement Configuration (159)5.6.6.1General (159)5.6.6.2Initiation (160)5.6.6.3Reception of the LoggedMeasurementConfiguration by the UE (160)5.6.6.4T330 expiry (160)5.6.7 Release of Logged Measurement Configuration (160)5.6.7.1General (160)5.6.7.2Initiation (160)5.6.8 Measurements logging (161)5.6.8.1General (161)5.6.8.2Initiation (161)5.6.9In-device coexistence indication (163)5.6.9.1General (163)5.6.9.2Initiation (164)5.6.9.3Actions related to transmission of InDeviceCoexIndication message (164)5.6.10UE Assistance Information (165)5.6.10.1General (165)5.6.10.2Initiation (166)5.6.10.3Actions related to transmission of UEAssistanceInformation message (166)5.6.11 Mobility history information (166)5.6.11.1General (166)5.6.11.2Initiation (166)5.6.12RAN-assisted WLAN interworking (167)5.6.12.1General (167)5.6.12.2Dedicated WLAN offload configuration (167)5.6.12.3WLAN offload RAN evaluation (167)5.6.12.4T350 expiry or stop (167)5.6.12.5Cell selection/ re-selection while T350 is running (168)5.6.13SCG failure information (168)5.6.13.1General (168)5.6.13.2Initiation (168)5.6.13.3Actions related to transmission of SCGFailureInformation message (168)5.6.14LTE-WLAN Aggregation (169)5.6.14.1Introduction (169)5.6.14.2Reception of LWA configuration (169)5.6.14.3Release of LWA configuration (170)5.6.15WLAN connection management (170)5.6.15.1Introduction (170)5.6.15.2WLAN connection status reporting (170)5.6.15.2.1General (170)5.6.15.2.2Initiation (171)5.6.15.2.3Actions related to transmission of WLANConnectionStatusReport message (171)5.6.15.3T351 Expiry (WLAN connection attempt timeout) (171)5.6.15.4WLAN status monitoring (171)5.6.16RAN controlled LTE-WLAN interworking (172)5.6.16.1General (172)5.6.16.2WLAN traffic steering command (172)5.6.17LTE-WLAN aggregation with IPsec tunnel (173)5.6.17.1General (173)5.7Generic error handling (174)5.7.1General (174)5.7.2ASN.1 violation or encoding error (174)5.7.3Field set to a not comprehended value (174)5.7.4Mandatory field missing (174)5.7.5Not comprehended field (176)5.8MBMS (176)5.8.1Introduction (176)5.8.1.1General (176)5.8.1.2Scheduling (176)5.8.1.3MCCH information validity and notification of changes (176)5.8.2MCCH information acquisition (178)5.8.2.1General (178)5.8.2.2Initiation (178)5.8.2.3MCCH information acquisition by the UE (178)5.8.2.4Actions upon reception of the MBSFNAreaConfiguration message (178)5.8.2.5Actions upon reception of the MBMSCountingRequest message (179)5.8.3MBMS PTM radio bearer configuration (179)5.8.3.1General (179)5.8.3.2Initiation (179)5.8.3.3MRB establishment (179)5.8.3.4MRB release (179)5.8.4MBMS Counting Procedure (179)5.8.4.1General (179)5.8.4.2Initiation (180)5.8.4.3Reception of the MBMSCountingRequest message by the UE (180)5.8.5MBMS interest indication (181)5.8.5.1General (181)5.8.5.2Initiation (181)5.8.5.3Determine MBMS frequencies of interest (182)5.8.5.4Actions related to transmission of MBMSInterestIndication message (183)5.8a SC-PTM (183)5.8a.1Introduction (183)5.8a.1.1General (183)5.8a.1.2SC-MCCH scheduling (183)5.8a.1.3SC-MCCH information validity and notification of changes (183)5.8a.1.4Procedures (184)5.8a.2SC-MCCH information acquisition (184)5.8a.2.1General (184)5.8a.2.2Initiation (184)5.8a.2.3SC-MCCH information acquisition by the UE (184)5.8a.2.4Actions upon reception of the SCPTMConfiguration message (185)5.8a.3SC-PTM radio bearer configuration (185)5.8a.3.1General (185)5.8a.3.2Initiation (185)5.8a.3.3SC-MRB establishment (185)5.8a.3.4SC-MRB release (185)5.9RN procedures (186)5.9.1RN reconfiguration (186)5.9.1.1General (186)5.9.1.2Initiation (186)5.9.1.3Reception of the RNReconfiguration by the RN (186)5.10Sidelink (186)5.10.1Introduction (186)5.10.1a Conditions for sidelink communication operation (187)5.10.2Sidelink UE information (188)5.10.2.1General (188)5.10.2.2Initiation (189)5.10.2.3Actions related to transmission of SidelinkUEInformation message (193)5.10.3Sidelink communication monitoring (195)5.10.6Sidelink discovery announcement (198)5.10.6a Sidelink discovery announcement pool selection (201)5.10.6b Sidelink discovery announcement reference carrier selection (201)5.10.7Sidelink synchronisation information transmission (202)5.10.7.1General (202)5.10.7.2Initiation (203)5.10.7.3Transmission of SLSS (204)5.10.7.4Transmission of MasterInformationBlock-SL message (205)5.10.7.5Void (206)5.10.8Sidelink synchronisation reference (206)5.10.8.1General (206)5.10.8.2Selection and reselection of synchronisation reference UE (SyncRef UE) (206)5.10.9Sidelink common control information (207)5.10.9.1General (207)5.10.9.2Actions related to reception of MasterInformationBlock-SL message (207)5.10.10Sidelink relay UE operation (207)5.10.10.1General (207)5.10.10.2AS-conditions for relay related sidelink communication transmission by sidelink relay UE (207)5.10.10.3AS-conditions for relay PS related sidelink discovery transmission by sidelink relay UE (208)5.10.10.4Sidelink relay UE threshold conditions (208)5.10.11Sidelink remote UE operation (208)5.10.11.1General (208)5.10.11.2AS-conditions for relay related sidelink communication transmission by sidelink remote UE (208)5.10.11.3AS-conditions for relay PS related sidelink discovery transmission by sidelink remote UE (209)5.10.11.4Selection and reselection of sidelink relay UE (209)5.10.11.5Sidelink remote UE threshold conditions (210)6Protocol data units, formats and parameters (tabular & ASN.1) (210)6.1General (210)6.2RRC messages (212)6.2.1General message structure (212)–EUTRA-RRC-Definitions (212)–BCCH-BCH-Message (212)–BCCH-DL-SCH-Message (212)–BCCH-DL-SCH-Message-BR (213)–MCCH-Message (213)–PCCH-Message (213)–DL-CCCH-Message (214)–DL-DCCH-Message (214)–UL-CCCH-Message (214)–UL-DCCH-Message (215)–SC-MCCH-Message (215)6.2.2Message definitions (216)–CounterCheck (216)–CounterCheckResponse (217)–CSFBParametersRequestCDMA2000 (217)–CSFBParametersResponseCDMA2000 (218)–DLInformationTransfer (218)–HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest (CDMA2000) (219)–InDeviceCoexIndication (220)–InterFreqRSTDMeasurementIndication (222)–LoggedMeasurementConfiguration (223)–MasterInformationBlock (225)–MBMSCountingRequest (226)–MBMSCountingResponse (226)–MBMSInterestIndication (227)–MBSFNAreaConfiguration (228)–MeasurementReport (228)–MobilityFromEUTRACommand (229)–Paging (232)–ProximityIndication (233)–RNReconfiguration (234)–RNReconfigurationComplete (234)–RRCConnectionReconfiguration (235)–RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete (240)–RRCConnectionReestablishment (241)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentComplete (241)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentReject (242)–RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest (243)–RRCConnectionReject (243)–RRCConnectionRelease (244)–RRCConnectionResume (248)–RRCConnectionResumeComplete (249)–RRCConnectionResumeRequest (250)–RRCConnectionRequest (250)–RRCConnectionSetup (251)–RRCConnectionSetupComplete (252)–SCGFailureInformation (253)–SCPTMConfiguration (254)–SecurityModeCommand (255)–SecurityModeComplete (255)–SecurityModeFailure (256)–SidelinkUEInformation (256)–SystemInformation (258)–SystemInformationBlockType1 (259)–UEAssistanceInformation (264)–UECapabilityEnquiry (265)–UECapabilityInformation (266)–UEInformationRequest (267)–UEInformationResponse (267)–ULHandoverPreparationTransfer (CDMA2000) (273)–ULInformationTransfer (274)–WLANConnectionStatusReport (274)6.3RRC information elements (275)6.3.1System information blocks (275)–SystemInformationBlockType2 (275)–SystemInformationBlockType3 (279)–SystemInformationBlockType4 (282)–SystemInformationBlockType5 (283)–SystemInformationBlockType6 (287)–SystemInformationBlockType7 (289)–SystemInformationBlockType8 (290)–SystemInformationBlockType9 (295)–SystemInformationBlockType10 (295)–SystemInformationBlockType11 (296)–SystemInformationBlockType12 (297)–SystemInformationBlockType13 (297)–SystemInformationBlockType14 (298)–SystemInformationBlockType15 (298)–SystemInformationBlockType16 (299)–SystemInformationBlockType17 (300)–SystemInformationBlockType18 (301)–SystemInformationBlockType19 (301)–SystemInformationBlockType20 (304)6.3.2Radio resource control information elements (304)–AntennaInfo (304)–AntennaInfoUL (306)–CQI-ReportConfig (307)–CQI-ReportPeriodicProcExtId (314)–CrossCarrierSchedulingConfig (314)–CSI-IM-Config (315)–CSI-IM-ConfigId (315)–CSI-RS-Config (317)–CSI-RS-ConfigEMIMO (318)–CSI-RS-ConfigNZP (319)–CSI-RS-ConfigNZPId (320)–CSI-RS-ConfigZP (321)–CSI-RS-ConfigZPId (321)–DMRS-Config (321)–DRB-Identity (322)–EPDCCH-Config (322)–EIMTA-MainConfig (324)–LogicalChannelConfig (325)–LWA-Configuration (326)–LWIP-Configuration (326)–RCLWI-Configuration (327)–MAC-MainConfig (327)–P-C-AndCBSR (332)–PDCCH-ConfigSCell (333)–PDCP-Config (334)–PDSCH-Config (337)–PDSCH-RE-MappingQCL-ConfigId (339)–PHICH-Config (339)–PhysicalConfigDedicated (339)–P-Max (344)–PRACH-Config (344)–PresenceAntennaPort1 (346)–PUCCH-Config (347)–PUSCH-Config (351)–RACH-ConfigCommon (355)–RACH-ConfigDedicated (357)–RadioResourceConfigCommon (358)–RadioResourceConfigDedicated (362)–RLC-Config (367)–RLF-TimersAndConstants (369)–RN-SubframeConfig (370)–SchedulingRequestConfig (371)–SoundingRS-UL-Config (372)–SPS-Config (375)–TDD-Config (376)–TimeAlignmentTimer (377)–TPC-PDCCH-Config (377)–TunnelConfigLWIP (378)–UplinkPowerControl (379)–WLAN-Id-List (382)–WLAN-MobilityConfig (382)6.3.3Security control information elements (382)–NextHopChainingCount (382)–SecurityAlgorithmConfig (383)–ShortMAC-I (383)6.3.4Mobility control information elements (383)–AdditionalSpectrumEmission (383)–ARFCN-ValueCDMA2000 (383)–ARFCN-ValueEUTRA (384)–ARFCN-ValueGERAN (384)–ARFCN-ValueUTRA (384)–BandclassCDMA2000 (384)–BandIndicatorGERAN (385)–CarrierFreqCDMA2000 (385)–CarrierFreqGERAN (385)–CellIndexList (387)–CellReselectionPriority (387)–CellSelectionInfoCE (387)–CellReselectionSubPriority (388)–CSFB-RegistrationParam1XRTT (388)–CellGlobalIdEUTRA (389)–CellGlobalIdUTRA (389)–CellGlobalIdGERAN (390)–CellGlobalIdCDMA2000 (390)–CellSelectionInfoNFreq (391)–CSG-Identity (391)–FreqBandIndicator (391)–MobilityControlInfo (391)–MobilityParametersCDMA2000 (1xRTT) (393)–MobilityStateParameters (394)–MultiBandInfoList (394)–NS-PmaxList (394)–PhysCellId (395)–PhysCellIdRange (395)–PhysCellIdRangeUTRA-FDDList (395)–PhysCellIdCDMA2000 (396)–PhysCellIdGERAN (396)–PhysCellIdUTRA-FDD (396)–PhysCellIdUTRA-TDD (396)–PLMN-Identity (397)–PLMN-IdentityList3 (397)–PreRegistrationInfoHRPD (397)–Q-QualMin (398)–Q-RxLevMin (398)–Q-OffsetRange (398)–Q-OffsetRangeInterRAT (399)–ReselectionThreshold (399)–ReselectionThresholdQ (399)–SCellIndex (399)–ServCellIndex (400)–SpeedStateScaleFactors (400)–SystemInfoListGERAN (400)–SystemTimeInfoCDMA2000 (401)–TrackingAreaCode (401)–T-Reselection (402)–T-ReselectionEUTRA-CE (402)6.3.5Measurement information elements (402)–AllowedMeasBandwidth (402)–CSI-RSRP-Range (402)–Hysteresis (402)–LocationInfo (403)–MBSFN-RSRQ-Range (403)–MeasConfig (404)–MeasDS-Config (405)–MeasGapConfig (406)–MeasId (407)–MeasIdToAddModList (407)–MeasObjectCDMA2000 (408)–MeasObjectEUTRA (408)–MeasObjectGERAN (412)–MeasObjectId (412)–MeasObjectToAddModList (412)–MeasObjectUTRA (413)–ReportConfigEUTRA (422)–ReportConfigId (425)–ReportConfigInterRAT (425)–ReportConfigToAddModList (428)–ReportInterval (429)–RSRP-Range (429)–RSRQ-Range (430)–RSRQ-Type (430)–RS-SINR-Range (430)–RSSI-Range-r13 (431)–TimeToTrigger (431)–UL-DelayConfig (431)–WLAN-CarrierInfo (431)–WLAN-RSSI-Range (432)–WLAN-Status (432)6.3.6Other information elements (433)–AbsoluteTimeInfo (433)–AreaConfiguration (433)–C-RNTI (433)–DedicatedInfoCDMA2000 (434)–DedicatedInfoNAS (434)–FilterCoefficient (434)–LoggingDuration (434)–LoggingInterval (435)–MeasSubframePattern (435)–MMEC (435)–NeighCellConfig (435)–OtherConfig (436)–RAND-CDMA2000 (1xRTT) (437)–RAT-Type (437)–ResumeIdentity (437)–RRC-TransactionIdentifier (438)–S-TMSI (438)–TraceReference (438)–UE-CapabilityRAT-ContainerList (438)–UE-EUTRA-Capability (439)–UE-RadioPagingInfo (469)–UE-TimersAndConstants (469)–VisitedCellInfoList (470)–WLAN-OffloadConfig (470)6.3.7MBMS information elements (472)–MBMS-NotificationConfig (472)–MBMS-ServiceList (473)–MBSFN-AreaId (473)–MBSFN-AreaInfoList (473)–MBSFN-SubframeConfig (474)–PMCH-InfoList (475)6.3.7a SC-PTM information elements (476)–SC-MTCH-InfoList (476)–SCPTM-NeighbourCellList (478)6.3.8Sidelink information elements (478)–SL-CommConfig (478)–SL-CommResourcePool (479)–SL-CP-Len (480)–SL-DiscConfig (481)–SL-DiscResourcePool (483)–SL-DiscTxPowerInfo (485)–SL-GapConfig (485)。

2014-30-EU Related Standards

2014-30-EU Related Standards

Commission communication in the framework of the implementation of Directive 2014/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member Statesrelating to electromagnetic compatibility(Publication of titles and references of harmonised standards under Union harmonisation legislation)(Text with EEA relevance)(2016/C 293/03)EN 61439-1:2011 does not give presumption of conformity without another part of the standard.EN 62026-1:2007 does not give presumption of conformity without another part of the standard.EN 62052-11:2003 does not give presumption of conformity without a part of the EN 62053 series.EN 62052-21:2004 does not give presumption of conformity without a part of the EN 62054 series.12.8.2016Official Journal of the European Union C 293/49(1)ESO: European standardisation organisation:—CEN: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Tel. +32 2 5500811; fax + 32 2 5500819 (http://www.cen.eu)—CENELEC: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Tel. +32 2 5196871; fax + 32 2 5196919 (http://www.cenelec.eu)—ETSI: 650, route des Lucioles, F-06921 Sophia Antipolis, Tel. +33 492 944200; fax +33 493 654716, (http://www.etsi.eu)Note 1:Generally the date of cessation of presumption of conformity will be the date of withdrawal (‘dow’), set by the European standardisation organisation, but attention of users of these standards is drawn to the fact that in certain exceptional cases this can be otherwise.Note 2.1:The new (or amended) standard has the same scope as the superseded standard. On the date stated, thesuperseded standard ceases to give presumption of conformity with the essential or other requirements of the relevant Unionlegislation.C 293/50Official Journal of the European Union 12.8.201612.8.2016Official Journal of the European Union C 293/51Note 2.2:The new standard has a broader scope than the superseded standard. On the date stated, the superseded standard ceases to give presumption of conformity with the essential or other requirements of the relevant Unionlegislation.Note 2.3:The new standard has a narrower scope than the superseded standard. On the date stated, the (partially) superseded standard ceases to give presumption of conformity with the essential or other requirements of therelevant Union legislation for those products or services that fall within the scope of the new standard.Presumption of conformity with the essential or other requirements of the relevant Union legislation for productsor services that still fall within the scope of the (partially) superseded standard, but that do not fall within thescope of the new standard, is unaffected.Note 3:In case of amendments, the referenced standard is EN CCCCC:YYYY, its previous amendments, if any, and the new, quoted amendment. The superseded standard therefore consists of EN CCCCC:YYYY and its previousamendments, if any, but without the new quoted amendment. On the date stated, the superseded standard ceasesto give presumption of conformity with the essential or other requirements of the relevant Union legislation.NOTE:—Any information concerning the availability of the standards can be obtained either from the European standardisation organisations or from the national standardisation bodies the list of which is published in the Official Journal of theEuropean Union according to Article 27 of the Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 (1).—Standards are adopted by the European standardisation organisations in English (CEN and CENELEC also publish in French and German). Subsequently, the titles of the standards are translated into all other required official languages ofthe European Union by the national standardisation bodies. The European Commission is not responsible for thecorrectness of the titles which have been presented for publication in the Official Journal.—References to Corrigenda ‘…/AC:YYYY’ are published for information only. A Corrigendum removes printing, linguistic or similar errors from the text of a standard and may relate to one or more language versions (English, French and/orGerman) of a standard as adopted by a European standardisation organisation.—Publication of the references in the Official Journal of the European Union does not imply that the standards are available in all the official languages of the European Union.—This list replaces all the previous lists published in the Official Journal of the European Union. The European Commissionensures the updating of this list.—More information about harmonised standards and other European standards on the Internet at:http://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/european-standards/harmonised-standards/index_en.htm(1)OJ C 338, 27.9.2014, p. 31.。

指南建议内容,自润滑

指南建议内容,自润滑

指南建议内容,自润滑英文回答:Guidelines and suggestions for self-lubrication.Self-lubrication is an important aspect of maintaining smooth functioning and longevity of various mechanical systems and equipment. In this guide, I will provide some recommendations on how to achieve effective self-lubrication.1. Proper lubricant selection: It is crucial to choose the right lubricant for the specific application. Different lubricants have varying properties and viscosities, which can greatly impact the performance. For example, in high-temperature environments, a synthetic lubricant with high thermal stability would be more suitable.2. Regular lubrication schedule: Establishing a regular lubrication schedule is essential to ensure the equipmentstays properly lubricated. This schedule should be based on the manufacturer's recommendations and the operating conditions of the equipment. Neglecting regular lubrication can lead to increased friction and wear, ultimately resulting in equipment failure.3. Monitor lubricant levels: It is important to regularly check the lubricant levels to ensure they are within the recommended range. This can be done by visual inspection or by using oil level indicators. Low lubricant levels can lead to inadequate lubrication, causing increased friction and heat generation.4. Cleanliness is key: Before applying lubricant, it is crucial to clean the surfaces thoroughly. Any dirt, debris, or old lubricant residue should be removed to ensure proper lubrication. Failure to clean the surfaces can result in the formation of abrasive particles, which can damage the equipment.5. Proper application technique: When applying lubricant, it is important to follow the correct technique.This may involve using a specific tool or applying the lubricant in a specific manner. For example, whenlubricating bearings, it is important to apply thelubricant evenly and avoid over-greasing, as it can lead to excessive heat generation.6. Monitor equipment performance: Regularly monitoring the performance of the equipment can help identify any issues with lubrication. Unusual noises, increased friction, or excessive heat generation may indicate inadequate lubrication. Prompt action should be taken to rectify the issue and ensure proper lubrication.中文回答:自润滑的指南和建议。

常见英语单词分类

常见英语单词分类

学科mathematics / mAWi′mAtiks/ 数学arts / arts/ 文科science / ′saiEns/ 理科history / ′histEri/ 历史geometry / dVi′Rmitri/ 几何geography / dVi′RgrEfi/ 地理geology / dVi′RlEdVi/ 地质学biology / bai′RlEdVi/ 生物chemistry / ′kemistri/ 化学physics / ′f iziks/ 物理literature / ′litEritFE/ 文学sociology / sEusi′RlEdVi/ 社会学philosophy / fi′lRsEfi/ 哲学psychology / sai′kRlEdVi/ 心理学engineering / endVi′niEriN/ 工程学medicine / ′medisin/ 医学agriculture / ′AgrikQltFE/ 农学astronomy / Es′trRnEmi/ 天文学economics / i:kE′nRmiks/ 经济学politics / ′pRlitiks/ 政治学law / lR:/ 法学finance / fai′nAns, fi-/ 财政学architecture / ′a:kitektFE/ 建筑学艺术流派Byzantine / bi′zAntain/ 拜占庭式Romanesque / ′roumE′nesk/ 罗马式Gothic / ′gRWik/ 哥特式Baroque / bE′rEuk/ 巴洛克式classicism / ′klAsisizEm/ 古典主义,古典风格romanticism / rou′mAntisizm/ 浪漫主义realism / ′riElizEm/ 现实主义symbolism / ′simbElizm/ 象征主义impressionism / im′prZFEnizEm/ 印象主义expressionism / / 表现主义Fauvism / ′fouvizm/ 野兽派abstract art / / 抽象派, 抽象主义C ubism / ′kju:bizm/ 立体派, 立体主义naturalism / ′nAtFErElizEm/ 自然主义existentialism / / 存在主义futurism / ′fju:tFErizm/ 未来主义文学author / ′R:WE/ 作者essay / ′esei/ 随笔reportage / repR:′tB:V/ 报告文学criticism / ′kritisizEm/ 评论anthology / An′WRlEdVi/ 选集edition / i′diFEn/ 版work / wE:k/ 作品masterpiece / ′ma:stEpi:s/ 杰作copyright / ′kRpirait/ 版权, 著作权humanities / / 人文学科writer / ′raitE/ 作家volume / ′vRljum/ 卷theatre / ′WiEtE/ 戏剧drama / ′dra:mE/ 话剧comedy / ′kRmidi/ 喜剧tragedy / ′tr AdVidi/ 悲剧farce / fa:s/ 滑稽剧play / plei/ 剧本playwright / ′pleirait/ 编剧performance / pE′fR:mEns/ 演出act / Akt/ 幕scene / si:n/ 场plot / plRt/ 情节intrigue / in′tri:g/ 错综复杂的剧情story / ′stR:ri/ 故事episode / ′episEud/ 逸事denouement / / 结局poetry / ′pEuitri/ 诗歌poet / pEuit/ 诗人poem / ′pEuim/ 诗ode / oud/ 颂歌sonnet / ′sRnit/ 十四行诗verse / vE:s/ (诗)节line / lain/ (诗)行rhyme / raim/ 韵脚,押韵metrics / ′mEtriks/ 韵律学,格律学prose / prEuz/ 散文novel / ′nRvEl/ 小说biography / bai′RgrEfi/ 自传allegory / ′AligEri/ 寓言science fiction / ′fikFEn/ 科幻,科学幻想小说satire / ′sAtaiE/ 讽刺诗essay / ′esei/ 杂文composition / kRmpE′ziFEn/ 学术著作rhetoric / ′retErik/ 修辞学oratory / ′RrEtEri/ 讲演术declamation / deklE′meiFEn/ 朗诵技巧improvisatio n / imprEvai′zeiFEn/ 即席讲演criticism / ′kritisizEm/ 批判主义critic / ′kritik/ 批评家eloquence / ′elEkwEns/ 文才lyricism / ′lirisizm/ 抒情性绘画雕塑gallery / ′gAlEri/ 画廊,美术馆salon / ′sAlR:N/ 沙龙exhibition / eksi′biFEn/ 展览collection / kE′lekFEn/ 收藏i nspiration / inspE′reiFEn/ 灵感,启发artist / ′a:tist/ 大师, 艺术家pigment / ′pigmEnt/ 颜料painter / ′peintE/ 画家oil painting / / 油画watercolor / / 水彩画wash / wRF/ 水墨画engraving / in′greiviN/ 版画tracing / ′treisiN/ 临摹sketch / sketF/ 草稿portrait / ′pR:trit/ 画像model / ′mRdl/ 模特caricature / kArikE′tjuE/ 漫画nude / nju:d/ 裸体画profile / ′prEufail/ 轮廓landscape / ′lAndskeip/ 风景画seascape / ′si:skeip/ 海景画frame / freim/ 画框chassis / ′FAsi/ 画布绷架canvas / ′kAnvEs/ 画布studio / ′stju:d iEu/ 画室pinacotheca / ′pinEkou′Wi:kE/ 画廊,美术馆sculptor / ′skQlptE/ 雕塑学carving / ′ka:viN/ 雕刻statue / ′stAtju:/ 人像figure / ′figE/ 塑像bronze / brRnz/ 铜像音乐alto / ′Altou/ 女低音anthem / ′AnWEm/ 圣歌,赞美诗baritone / ′bArEtoun/ 男中音bass / beis/ 男低音,贝司bassoon / bA′sun/ 低音管brass / bra:s/ 铜管乐器classical music / / 古典音乐conductor / kEn′dQktE/ 指挥flute / flu:t/ 长笛harmonica / hB:′mRnikE/ 口琴jazz / dV Az/ 爵士乐opera / ′RpErE/ 歌剧orchestra / ′R:kistrE/ 管弦乐队rhapsody / ′rApsEdi/ 狂想曲solo / ′sEulEu/ 独奏,独唱soloist / ′soulouist/ 独唱者soprano / sE′prAnou/ 女高音symphony / ′simfEni/ 交响乐tenor / ′tenE/ 男高音pop / pRp/ 流行歌曲rock / rRk/ 摇滚乐服饰clothes / klEuTz/ 衣服,服装clothing / ′klEuTiN/ 服装suit / sju:t/ 男西装dress / dres/ 女服uniform / ′ju:nifR:m/ 制服coat / kEut/ 外套jacket / ′dV Akit/ 夹克pocket / ′pRkit/ 衣袋sleeve / sli:v/ 袖子shirt / FE:t/ 衬衫sweater / ′swetE/ 毛衣,运动衫trousers / ′trauzEz/ 裤子belt / belt/ 腰带skirt / skE:t/ 裙子slip / slip/ 衬裙handkerchie f / ′hANkEtFif/ 手帕shoe / Fu:/ 鞋sole / sEul/ 鞋底heel / hi:l/ 鞋后跟boot / bu:t/ 靴子glove / glQv/ 手套tie / tai/ 领带cap / kAp/ 无沿帽hat / hAt/ 大沿帽cotton / ′kRtn/ 棉花canvas / ′kAnvEs/ 帆布silk / silk/ 丝wool / wul/ 羊毛,毛料nylon / ′nailE n/ 尼龙stripe / straip/ 条纹veil / veil/ 面纱ring / riN/ 戒指necklace / ′neklis/ 项链perfume / ′pE:fju:m, pE:′fju:m/ 香水purse / pE:s/ 手提包garment / ′ga:mEnt/ 外衣cloak / klEuk/ 斗篷muffler / ′mQflE/ 围巾jeans / dVeinz/ 牛仔裤bra / brB:/ 乳罩st ocking / ′stRkiN/ 长袜belt / belt/ 腰带sock / sRk/ 短袜bikini / bi′ki:ni/ 比基尼泳衣apron / ′eiprEn/ 围裙slipper / ′slipE/ 拖鞋beret / be′re/ 贝蕾帽linen / ′linin/ 麻pendant / ′pendEnt/ 项饰earring / ′iEriN/ 耳环lipstick / ′lipstik/ 口红wig / wig/ 假发tissue / ′tisju:/ 面纸brooch / brEutF/ 胸针shawl / FR:l/ 披肩raincoat / ′reinkEut/ 雨衣button / ′bQtn/ 扣子collar / ′kRlE/ 领子wallet / ′wRlit/ 钱包blouse / blauz/ 女外套,女衬衫职业actor / ′AktE/ 男演员actress / ′Aktris/ 女演员singer / ′siNE/ 歌手dancer / ′da:nsE/ 舞蹈家musician / mju:′ziFEn/ 音乐家pianist / ′pjAnist/ 钢琴家painter / ′peintE/ 画家,油漆匠teacher / ′ti:tFE/ 教师professor / prE′fesE/ 教授headmaster / ′hed′ma:stE/ 中小学校长headmistress / ′hed′mistris/ 中小学女校长headteacher / ′hedti:tFE/校长director / di′rektE/ 导演editor / ′editE/ 编者writer / ′raitE/ 作家reporter / ri′pR:tE/ 记者announcer / E′naunsE/ 广播员journalist / ′dVE:nElist/ 杂志记者worker / ′wE:kE/ 工人farmer / ′fa:mE/ 农夫fisherman / ′fiFEmEn/ 渔夫chemist / ′kemist/ 化学家,药剂师engineer / endVi′niE/ 工程师explorer / iks′plR:rE/ 探险家researcher / ri′sE:tFE/ 研究员doctor / ′dRktE/ 医生,博士nurse / nE:s/ 护士surgeon / ′sE:dVEn/ 外科医生sailor / ′seilE/ 水手seaman / ′si:mEn/ 船员pilot / ′pailEt/ 飞行员,领航员astronaut / ′AstFEu nR:t/ 宇航员driver / ′draivE/ 驾驶员athlete / ′AWli:t/ 运动员policeman / pE′li:smEn/ 警察detective / di′tektiv/ 侦探judge / dVQdV/ 法官lawyer / ′lR:jE/ 律师attorney / E′tE:ni/ 律师cook / kuk/ 厨子,厨师baker / ′beikE/ 面包师waiter / ′weitE/ 侍者waitres s / ′weitris/ 女服务生butcher / ′butFE/ 屠夫clerk / kla:k, klE:k/ 办事员typist / ′taipist/ 打字员secretary / ′sekrEtri/ 秘书salesman / ′seilzmEn/ 售货员,推销员shopkeeper / ′FRpki:pE/ 零售商,店主bookseller / ′bukselE/ 书商tailor / ′teilE/ 裁缝soldier / ′sEuld VE/ 军人postman / ′pEustmEn/ 邮差mailman / ′meilmAn/ 邮差firefighter / / 消防人员conductor / kEn′dQktE/ 乘务员librarian / lai′brZEriEn/ 图书管理员baby-sitter / / 保姆apprentice / E′prentis/ 学徒工artisan / a:ti′zAn/ 工匠craftsman / ′kra:ftsmEn/ 工匠specialist / speFElist/ 专家employer / im′plRiE/ 雇主,老板receptionist / ri′sepFEnist/ 接待员operator / ′RpEreitE/ 电话接线员interpreter / in′tE:pritE/ 翻译photographer / fE′tRgrEfE/ 摄影师playwright / ′pleirait/ 剧作家linguist / liN′gwist/ 语言学家botanist / ′b RtEnist/ 植物学家economist / i:′kRnEmist/ 经济学家chemist / ′kemist/ 化学家scientist / ′saiEntist/ 科学家philosopher / fi′lRsEfE/ 哲学家politician / pRli′tiFEn/ 政治学家physicist / ′fizisist/ 物理学家archaeologist / a:kiE′lRdVist/ 考古学家geologist / dVi′RlEdVi st/ 地质学家mathematician / mAWEmE′tiFEn/ 数学家biologist / bai′RlEdVist/ 生物学家zoologist / zEu′RlEdVist/ 动物学家statistician / stAtis′tiFEn/ 统计学家physiologist / fizi′RlEdVist/ 生理学家futurologist / / 未来学家artist / ′a:tist/ 艺术家composer / kEm′pEuzE/ 作曲家designer / di′zainE/ 设计家sculptor / ′skQlptE/ 雕刻家designer / di′zainE/ 服装设计师model / ′mRdl/ 模特poet / pEuit/ 诗人merchant / ′mE:tFEnt/ 商人stewardess / ′stju:Edis/ 空中小姐porter / ′pR:tE/ 行李夫architect / ′a:kitekt/ 建筑师druggist / ′drQgi st/ 药剂师chemist / ′kemist/ 药剂师guide / gaid/ 导游dentist / ′dentist/ 牙科医生supervisor / ′sju:pEvaizE/ 监工国家和语言America / E′merikE/ 美国,美洲Arab / ′ArEb/ 阿拉伯人Australia / Rs′treiljE/ 澳洲,澳大利亚Austria / ′RstriE/ 奥地利Britain / ′britn/ 英国Canad a / ′kAnEdE/ 加拿大China / ′tFainE/ 中国Egypt / ′i:dVipt/ 埃及England / ′iNglEnd/ 英国France / ′fra:ns/ 法国Germany / ′dVE:mEni/ 德国Greece / gri:s/ 希腊Holland / ′hRlEnd/ 荷兰India / ′indiE/ 印度Ireland / ′aiElEnd/ 爱尔兰Italy / ′itEli/ 意大利Japa n / dVE′pAn/ 日本Spain / spein/ 西班牙Sweden / ′swi:dn/ 瑞典Swiss / swis/ 瑞士人Switzerland / ′switsElEnd/ 瑞士Brazil / brE′zil/ 巴西Finland / ′finlEnd/ 芬兰Norway / ′nR:wei/ 挪威Russia / ′rQFE/ 俄国Belgium / ′beldVEm/ 比利时Arabic / ′ArEbik/ 阿拉伯语Chinese / ′tFai′ni:z/ 中国人,汉语Egyptian / i′dVipFEn/ 埃及人English / ′iNgliF/ 英语French / frentF/ 法国人,法文German / ′dVE:mEn/ 德国人,德语Greek / gri:k/ 希腊人,希腊文Irish / ′aiEriF/ 爱尔兰人,爱尔兰语Italian / i′tAljEn/ 意大利人,意大利语Japanese / dV ApE′ni:z/ 日本人,日文Spanish / ′spAniF/ 西班牙人,西班牙语Dutch / dQtF/ 荷兰人,荷兰语政治colony / ′kRlEni/ 殖民地democracy / di′mRkrEsi/ 民主政治dynasty / ′dinEsti/ 朝代extinction / iks′tiNkFEn/ 消灭feudalism / ′fjudlizEm/ 封建制度administration / Edminis′treiFEn/ 政府aggression / E′greFEn/ 侵略ambassador / Am′bAsEdE/ 大使anarchy / ′AnEki/ 无政府状态announcement / E′naunsmEnt/ 公告aristocracy / Aris′tRkrEsi/ 贵族政治autonomy / R:′tRnEmi/ 自治ballot / ′bAlEt/ 选票bill / bil/ 法案bloodshed / ′blQdFed/ 流血,屠杀bureaucracy / bjuE′rRkr Esi/ 官僚政治candidate / ′kAndidit/ 候选人cession / ′seFEn/ 割让(土地)commotion / kE′mEuFEn/ 骚动,暴乱community / kE′mju:niti/ 社区, compact / ′kRmpAkt, kEm′pAkt/ 协议congress / ′kRNgres/ 国会congressman / ′kRNgresmEn/ 国会议员conspiracy / kEn′spirEsi/ 阴谋conspirator / kEn′spirEtE/ 同谋者constitution / kRnsti′tju:FEn/ 宪法consul / ′kRnsEl/ 领事convention / kEn′venFEn/ 惯例cooperation / kEuRpE′reiFEn/ 合作custom / ′kQstEm/ 习惯,风俗,海关delegate / ′deligeit/ 代表delegation / deli′geiFEn/ 代表团demonstratio n / demEn′streiFEn/ 示威deposition / depE′ziFEn/ 免职despot / ′despRt/ 暴君dictator / dik′teitE/ 独裁者dictatorship / dik′teitEFip/ 独裁政权diplomacy / di′plEumEsi/ 外交政策diplomat / ′diplEmAt/ 外交官discrimination / diskrimi′neiFEn/ 岐视dominion / dE′m injEn/ 领土,主权,统治embassy / ′embEsi/ 大使馆emperor / ′empErE/ 皇帝empire / ′empaiE/ 帝国ferment / ′fE:ment/ 动乱government / ′gQvEnmEnt/ 政府,内阁governor / ′gQvEnE/ 统治者hegemony / hi:′dVemEni/ 霸权ideology / aidi′RlEdVi/ 意识形态kingdom / ′kiNdEm/ 王国legion / ′li:dVEn/ 军团monarch / ′mRnEk/ 帝王monarchy / mRnEki/ 君主政体motion / ′mEuFEn/ 动议movement / ′mu:vmEnt/ 运动nationality / nAFE′nAliti/ 国籍oligarchy / ′Rliga:ki/ 寡头政治pact / pAkt/ 协定,条约petition / pi′tiFEn/ 请愿philanthropy / fi′lAnW rEpi/ 博爱,仁慈policy / ′pRlisi/ 政策,方针poll / pEul/ 民意测验prejudice / ′predVudis/ 偏见proposition / prRpE′ziFEn/ 建议rebel / ′rebEl, ri′bel/ 叛乱者rebellion / ri′beljEn/ 叛乱regime / rei′Vi:m/ 政权republic / ri′pQblik/ 共和国resolution / rezE′lju:FEn/ 革命slogan / ′slEugEn/ 口号sovereignty / ′sRvrinti/ 主权,独立国spokesman / ′spEuksmEn/ 发言人,代表者statesman / ′steitsmEn/ 政治家treaty / ′tri:ti/ 条约tumult / ′tju:mQlt/ 骚动turbulence / ′tE:bjulEns/ 骚动turmoil / ′tE:mRil/ 骚动,混乱tyranny / ′tirEni/ 暴政tyrant / ′taiErEnt/ 暴君upheaval / Qp′hi:vl/ 暴动uprising / Qp′raiziN/ 起义usurper / ju:′zE:pE/ 篡夺者usurpation / juzE′peFEn/ 篡权vote / vEut/ 投票,选举经济trust / trQst/ 托拉斯investment / in′vestmEnt/ 投资,资产bank / bANk/ 银行cheque / tFek/ 支票(美作:check)transfer / trAns′fE:/ 转让,转帐,过户cash / kAF/ 现金change / tFeindV/ 零钱bill / bil/ 钞票,纸币saving / ′seiviN/ 存款quotation / kwEu′teiFEn/ 报价share / FZE/ 股份,股票bond / bRnd/ 债券interest / ′intrist/ 利息discount / ′diskaunt/ 折扣insu rance / in′FuErEns/ 保险mortgage / ′mR:gidV/ 抵押drawing / ′drR:iN/ 取出存款allowance / E′lauEns/ 补贴,补助金,津贴subsidy / ′sQbsidi/ 补贴,补助金,津贴output / ′autput/ 产出,产量productive / prE′dQktiv/ 生产的goods / gudz/ 产品supply / sE′plai/ 供应,补给input / ′in put/ 投入productivity / prEdQk′tiviti/ 生产率cost / kRst/ 成本,费用expenditure / iks′penditF/ 开支,支出income / ′inkQm/ 收入,收益earnings / ′E:niNz/ 利润,收益duty / ′dju:ti/ 税tax / tAks/ 税commerce / ′kRmE(:)s/ 贸易trade / treid/ 贸易import / im′pR:t ′impR:t/ 进口export / eks′pR:t, ′ekspR:t/ 出口item / ′aitEm/ 项目,细目manufacturer / mAnju′fAktFErE/ 制造商,制造厂merchant / ′mE:tFEnt/ 商人(英)批发商,(美)零售商consumer / kEn′sju:mE/ 消费者,用户client / ′klaiEnt/ 顾客,客户customer / ′kQstEmE/ 顾客,客户purchase / ′pE:t FEs/ 购买,进货sale / seil/ 销售competition / kRmpE′tiFEn/ 竞争competitive / kEm′petitiv/ 竞争的consumption / kEn′sQmpFEn/ 消费demand / di′ma:nd/ 需求outlet / ′aut-let/ 销路offer / ′RfE/ 报盘,发价monopoly / mE′nRpEli/ 垄断forecast / ′fR:ka:st/ 预测budg et / ′bQdVit/ 预算plan / plAn/ 计划estimate / ′estimit, ′estimeit/ 估价journal / ′dVE:nl/ 日记簿turnover / ′tE:nouvE/ 营业额,销售额deficit / ′difisit/ 亏空sum / sQm/ 总数,全额amount / E′maunt/ 总数,总值bill / bil/ 汇票(美作:check)receipt / ri′si:t/ 收据货币dollar / ′dRlE/ 美元cent / sent/ 分quarter / ′kwR:tE/ 二十五美分buck / bQk/ 一美元mark / ma:k/ 马克(德国)pound / paund/ 英镑coin / kRin/ 硬币bill / bil/ 纸币franc / frANk/ 法郎pence / pens/ 便士penny / ′peni/ 便士法律law / lR:/ 法律draft / dra:ft/ 法案,草案bill / bil/ 议案clause / klR:z/ 条款legislation / ledVis′leiFEn/ 立法legal / ′li:gl/ 合法的,依法的abolish / E′bRliF/ 废止,取消prescription / pris′kripFEn/ 剥夺公权judge / dVQdV/ 法官jury / ′dVuEri/ 陪审团lawyer / ′lR:jE/ 律师,法律顾问attorney / E′t E:ni/ 代诉人,代理人inquiry / in′kwaiEri/ 询问,调查hearing / ′hiEriN/ 审讯,审问summary / ′sQmEri/ 速审examination / igzAmi′neiFEn/ 讯问,质问evidence / ′evidEns/ 证据arrest / E′rest/ 逮捕responsibility / rispRnsE′biliti/ 责任liability / laiE′biliti/ 责任sue / sju:/ 起诉,提起公诉action / ′AkFEn/ 诉讼claim / kleim/ 诉讼cause / kR:z/ 诉讼,案件suit / sju:t/ 诉讼,案件complaint / kEm′pleint/ 控告,申诉justice / ′dVQstis/ 审判judge / dVQdV/ 审理,审判trial / ′traiEl/ 审理plead / pli:d/ 辩护claim / kleim/ 辩护plea / pli:/ 辩护evidence / ′evidEns/ 证词charge / tFa:dV/ 公诉书,刑事起诉书proof / pru:f/ 证据,证词evidence / ′evidEns/ 证据,证词dock / dRk/ 被告席sentence / ′sentEns/ 宣判,判决convict / kEn′vikt, ′kRnvikt/ 囚犯,罪犯appeal / E′pi:l/ 上诉crime / kraim/ 犯法offence / E′fen s/ 违法(美作:offense)criminal / ′kriminl/ 罪犯attempt / E′tempt/ 未遂罪threat / Wret/ 恐吓menace / ′menEs/ 恐吓murder / ′mE:dE/ 暗杀,行刺plot / plRt/ 结伙阴谋,共谋theft / Weft/ 盗窃fraud / frR:d/ 欺诈penalty / ′penlti/ 处罚prison / ′prizn/ 监狱(美作:jail)prisoner / ′priznE/ 囚犯gaol / dVeil/ 监狱(美作:jail)fine / fain/ 罚款allowance / E′lauEns/ 抚养费lease / li:s/ 租约transfer / trAns′fE:/ 转让assignment / E′sainmEnt/ 转让file / fail/ 文件will / wil/ 遗嘱heir / ZE/ 继承人tutor / ′tju:tE/ 监护人guar dian / ′ga:djEn/ 监护人家庭亲属family / ′fAmili/ 家庭marriage / ′mAridV/ 婚姻couple / ′kQpl/ 夫妻parent / ′pZErEnt/ 父母single / ′siNgl/ 单身者male / meil/ 男的female / ′fi:meil/ 女的husband / ′hQzbEnd/ 丈夫father / ′fa:TE/ 父亲foster / ′fRstE/ 领养的mother / ′mQTE/ 母亲wife / waif/ 妻子son / sQn/ 儿子grandson / ′grAndsQn/ 孙子,外孙granddaughter / ′grAnddR:tE/ 孙女,外孙女daughter / ′dR:tE/ 女儿child / tFaild/ 孩子heir / ZE/ 继承人brother / ′brQTE/ 兄弟sister / sistE/ 姐妹twin / twin/ 双胞胎的gran dfather / ′grAndfa:TE/ 祖父grandmother / ′grAndmQTE/ 祖母granny / ′grAni/ 奶奶,外婆grandma / ′grAnma:/ 奶奶,外婆grandpa / ′grAnpa:/ 爷爷,外公son-in-law / / 女婿daughter-in-law / / 儿媳father-in-law / ′fa:TEinlR:/ 岳父(公公)mother-in-law / / 岳母(婆婆)stepfather / / 继父stepmother / ′stepmQTE/ 继母uncle / ′QNkl/ 叔父,伯父,舅父,姑父aunt / a:nt/ 婶母,伯母,舅母,姑母nephew / ′nevju:/ 侄儿,外甥niece / ni:s/ 侄女,外甥女cousin / ′kQzn/ 堂兄妹,表兄妹generation / dV enE′reiFEn/ 代descent / di′sent/ 后代,后辈offspring / ′R(:)fspriN/后代,后辈身体head / hed/ 头hair / hZE/ 头发face / feis/ 脸cheek / tFi:k/ 脸颊ear / iE/ 耳eye / ai/ 眼lid / lid/ 眼睑nose / nEuz/ 鼻子mouth / mauW/ 嘴lip / lip/ 嘴唇throat / WrEut/ 咽喉tonsil / ′tRnsl/ 扁桃腺tooth / tu:W/ 牙齿denture / ′d entFE/ 假齿gum / gQm/ 牙龈tongue / tQN/ 舌头neck / nek/ 脖子skull / skQl/ 颅骨, 头盖骨brain / brein/ 脑chin / tFin/ 下巴forehead / ′fRrid, ′fR:hed/ 额头temple / ′templ/ 太阳穴mustache / mEs′ta:F/ 小胡子beard / biEd/ 山羊胡whisker / ′wiskE/ 络腮胡sidebums / / 鬓角bald head / / 秃头wrinkle / ′riNkl/ 皱纹mole / mEul/ 痣freckle / ′frekl/ 雀斑dimple / ′dimpl/ 酒涡pimple / ′pimpl/ 粉刺nipple / ′nipl/ 乳头chest / tFest/ 胸部navel / ′neivl/ 肚脐abdomen / ′AbdEmen/ 腹部shoulder / ′FEuldE/ 肩back / bAk/ 背waist / weist/ 腰hip / hip/ 臀部buttock / ′bQtEk/ 屁股collarbone / ′kRlEboun/ 锁骨rib / rib/ 肋骨backbone / ′bAkbEun/ 脊骨, 脊柱breastbone / ′brestboun/ 胸骨joint / dVRint/ 关节pelvis / ′pelvis/ 骨盆sinew / ′sinju:/ 腱muscle / ′mQsl/ 肌肉bone / bEun/ 骨skeleton / ′skelitEn/ 骨骼penis / ′pi:nis/ 阴茎testicle / ′testikl/ 睾丸scroticles / / 阴囊blood vessel / / 血管vein / vein/ 静脉artery / ′a:tEri/ 动脉capillary / kE′pilEri/ 毛细血管nerve / nE:v/ 神经spinal marrow / / 脊髓kidne y / ′kidni/ 肾脏windpipe / ′windpaip/ 气管lung / lQN/ 肺heart / ha:t/ 心脏diaphragm / ′daiEfrAm/ 隔膜organ / ′R:gEn/ 器官gullet / ′gQlit/ 食道stomach / ′stQmEk/ 胃liver / ′livE/ 肝脏gall / gR:l/ 胆囊bladder / ′blAdE/ 膀胱pancreas / ′pANkriEs/ 胰腺spleen / spli:n/ 脾duodenum / dju:E′di:nEm/ 十二指肠small intestine / / 小肠large intestine / / 大肠appendix / E′pendiks/ 盲肠rectum / ′rektEm/ 直肠anus / ′einEs/ 肛门urine / ′juErin/ 尿道ovary / ′EuvEri/ 卵巢womb / wu:m/ 子宫vagina / vE′dVai nE/ 阴道thumb / WQm/ 大拇指forefinger / ′fR:fiNgE/ 食指middle finger / / 中指third finger / / 无名指little finger / / 小指palm / pa:m/ 手掌nail / neil/ 指甲fist / fist/ 拳头knuckle / ′nQkl/ 指关节back / bAk/ 手背wrist / rist/ 手腕elbow / ′elbEu/ 肘armpit / ′B:mpit/ 腋下thigh / Wai/ 大腿kneecap / ni:kAp/ 膝盖骨thigh / Wai/ 大腿knee / ni:/ 膝盖shank / FANk/ 小腿calf / ka:f/ 小腿肚foot / fut/ 脚instep / ′instep/ 脚背toe / tEu/ 脚趾ankle / ′ANkl/ 踝heel / hi:l/ 脚后跟sole / sEul/ 脚底arch / a:tF/ 脚掌心疾病Disease / di′zi:z/ 疾病anemia / E′ni:miE/ 贫血anemia / E′ni:miE/ 贫血appendicitis / Ependi′saitis/ 阑尾炎arthritis / B:′Wraitis/ 关节炎bronchitis / brRN′kaitis/ 支气管炎cancer / ′kAnsE/ 癌cholera / ′kRlErE/ 霍乱cold / kEuld/ 感冒, 伤风, 着凉diabetes / daiE′bi:tiz/ 糖尿病diphtheria / dif′WiriE/ 白喉eczema / ′eksimE/ 湿疹epilepsy / ′epilepsi/ 癫痫gangrene / ′gANgri:n/ 坏疽headache / ′hedeik/ 头痛hemiplegy / ′hemipli:dVi/ 偏瘫, 半身不遂indigestion / indi′dVestFEn/ 消化不良influenza / in flu′enzE/ 流感flu / flu:/ 流感insanity / in′sAniti/ 精神病leukemia / / 白血病malaria / mE′lZEriE/ 疟疾malnutrition / ′mAlnju:′triFEn/ 营养不良measles / ′mi:zlz/ 麻疹mumps / mQmps/ 流行性腮腺炎neuralgia / nju′rAldVE/ 神经痛neurasthenia / njurEs′Wi:niE/ 神经衰弱paralysis / pE′rAlisis/ 麻痹peritonitis / peritE′naitis/ 腹膜炎pharyngitis / fArin′dVaitis/ 咽炎phtisis / / 痨病, 肺结核pneumonia / nju:′mEunjE/ 肺炎poliomyelitis / / 脊髓灰质炎rabies / ′reibi:z/ 狂犬病rheumatism / ′ru:mEtizEm/ 风湿病scarlet fever / ′ska:lit ′fi:vE/ 猩红热septicemia / / 败血病smallpox / ′smR:lpRks/ 天花syphilis / ′sifilis/ 梅毒tetanus / ′tetEnEs/ 破伤风tumour / ′tju:mE/ 瘤typhus / ′taifEs/ 斑疹伤寒hepatitis / hepE′taitis/ 肝炎nephritis / ne′fraitis/ 肾炎体育运动dash / dAF/ 短跑race / reis/ 赛跑high jump / / 跳高long jump / / 跳远throwing / / 投掷运动walk / wR:k/ 竞走football / ′futbR:l/ 足球(美式橄榄球)basketball / ′ba:skitbR:l/ 篮球volleyball / ′vRlibR:l/ 排球badminton / ′bAdmintEn/ 羽毛球tennis / ′tenis/ 网球table tennis / / 乒乓球baseball / ′beisbR:l/ 棒球wrestling / ′resliN/ 摔交boxing / ′bRksiN/ 拳击soccer / ′sRkE/ 足球chess / tFes/ 象棋bridge / bridV/ 桥牌marathon / ′mArEWEn/ 马拉松pole vault / / 撑竿跳shot put / / 推铅球discus / ′diskEs/ 铁饼hammer / ′hAmE/ 链球javeli n / ′dV AvElin/ 标枪gymnastics / dVim′nAstiks/ 体操horizontal bar / / 单杠parallel bars / / 双杠rings / / 吊环weight-lifting / / 举重judo / ′dVu:dou/ 柔道fencing / ′fensiN/ 击剑skiing / ′ski:iN/ 滑雪skating / ′skeitiN/ 滑冰figure skating / / 花样滑冰bobsleigh / ′bRbslei/ 雪橇handball / ′hAndbR:l/ 手球hockey / ′hRki/ 曲棍球golf / gRlf/ 高尔夫球cricket / ′krikit/ 板球ice hockey / / 冰球swim / swim/ 游泳breaststroke / ³£ the ~/ 蛙泳backstroke / ′bAkstrouk/ 仰泳freestyle / / 自由泳diving / ′daiviN/ 跳水water polo / / 水球rowing / ′rouiN/ 划船canoe / kE′nu:/ 划艇sailing / ′seiliN/ 帆船运动rally / ′rAli/ 汽车拉力赛植物鲜花azalea / E′zeijE/ 杜鹃花begonia / bi′gounjE/ 秋海棠cactus / ′kAktEs/ 仙人掌camellia / kE′miljE/ 山茶花canna / ′kAnE/ 美人蕉carnat ion / kB:′neiFEn/ 康乃馨chrysanthemum / kri′sAntFEmEm/ 菊花dahlia / ′deiliE/ 大丽花daisy / ′deizi/ 雏菊datura / dE′tjurE/ 曼陀罗hawthorn / ′hR:WR:n/ 山楂jasmine / ′dV Asmin/ 茉莉lilac / ′lailEk/ 丁香lily / ′lili/ 百合morning glory / / 牵牛花narcissus / nar′sisEs/ 水仙花orchid / ′Rrkid/ 兰花peony / ′pi:Eni/ 牡丹poppy / ′pRpi/ 罂粟花redbud / ′redbQd/ 紫荆rose / rEuz/ 玫瑰rose / rEuz/ 月季tulip / ′tju:lip/ 郁金香violet / ′vaiElit/ 紫罗兰sunflower / ′sQnflauE/ 葵花lotus / ′lEutEs/ 荷花dandelion / ′d AndilaiEn/ 蒲公英水果apple / ′Apl/ 苹果pear / pZE/ 梨apricot / ′eiprikRt/ 杏peach / pi:tF/ 桃grape / greip/ 葡萄banana / bE′na:nE/ 香蕉pineapple / ′painApl/ 菠萝plum / plQm/ 李子watermelon / / 西瓜orange / ′RrindV/ 橙,桔子lemon / ′lemEn/ 柠檬mango / ′mANgou/ 芒果strawberry / ′strR:bEri/ 草莓loquat / ′loukwRt/ 枇杷mulberry / ′mQlbEri/ 桑椹cherry / ′tFeri/ 樱桃pomegranate / ′pRmgrAnit/ 石榴fig / fig/ 无花果persimmon / pE′simEn/ 柿子walnut / ′wR:lnEt/ 胡桃hazelnut / ′heizlnQt/ 榛子peanu t / ′pi:nQt/ 花生date / ′deit/ 枣chestnut / ′tFesnQt/ 粟coconut / ′kEukEnQt/ 可可guava / ′gwa:vE/ 番石榴sugarcane / ′FugEkein/ 甘蔗树木pine / pain/ 松larch / lartF/ 落叶松cypress / ′saipris/ 柏树bamboo / bAm′bu:/ 竹poplar / ′pRplE/ 白杨willo w / ′wilEu/ 柳树birch / ′bE:tF/ 白桦maple / ′meipl/ 枫树fir / fE:/ 枞树eucalytus / / 桉树locust / ′lEukEst/ 洋槐camphor tree / / 樟树sandalwood / / 檀香木elm / elm/ 榆木树oak / Euk/ 橡树ginkgo / / 银杏树holly / ′hRli/ 冬青coco / ′koukou/ 椰树date / ′deit/ 枣椰树hickory / ′hikEri/ 山核桃树beech / bi:tF/ 山毛榉baobab / ′beiEbAb/ 猴面包树palm / pa:m/ 棕榈树laurel / ′lRrEl/ 月桂树ivy / ′aivi/ 常春藤olive / ′Rliv/ 橄榄树蔬菜tomato / tE′ma:tEu/ 番茄,西红柿asparagus / Es′pArEgEs/ 芦笋cucumber / ′kju:kQmbE/ 黄瓜eggplant / ′ZgplAnt/ 茄子bean / bi:n/ 菜豆beetroot / ′bi:tru:t/ 甜菜根pepper / ′pepE/ 胡椒potato / pEu′teitEu/ 马铃薯carrot / ′kArEt/ 胡萝卜cauliflower / ′kR:lEflauE/ 花菜pumpkin / ′pQmpkin/ 南瓜cabbage / ′kAbidV/ 圆白菜,卷心菜chilli / ′tFili/ 红辣椒capsicum / ′kApsikEm/ 辣椒garlic / ′ga:lik/ 蒜fennel / ′fenl/ 茴香melon / ′melEn/ 香瓜,甜瓜celery / ′selEri/ 芹菜onion / ′QnjEn/ 葱leek / li:k/ 韭菜radish / ′rAdiF/ 萝卜mushroom / ′mQFrum/ 蘑菇lettuce / ′letis/ 莴苣,生菜pea / pi:/ 豌豆spinach / ′spinitF/ 菠菜家畜bitch / bitF/ 雌狗horse / hR:s/ 马mare / mZE/ 母马pony / ′pEuni/ 马驹mule / mju:l/ 骡ass / As/ 驴donkey / ′dRNki/ 驴ox / Rks/ 牛buffalo / ′bQfElEu/ 水牛bull / bul/ 公牛cow / kau/ 母牛calf / ka:f/ 小牛, 牛犊heifer / ′hef E/ 小母牛pig / pig/ 猪swine / swain/ 猪piglet / ′piglit/ 猪崽sheep / Fi:p/ 羊goat / gEut/ 山羊lamb / lAm/ 羊羔,羔羊dog / dRg/ 狗cat / kAt/ 猫kitten / ′kitn/ 小猫kitty / ′kiti/ 小猫pussy / ′pusi, ′pQsi/ 小猫rabbit / ′rAbit/ 兔子mouse / maus/ 家鼠cock / kRk/ 公鸡hen / hen/ 母鸡chicken / ′tFikin/ 鸡, 雏鸡turkey / ′tE:ki/ 火鸡goose / gu:s/ 鹅chicken / ′tFikin/ 小鸡rooster / ′ru:stE/ 公鸡chick / tFik/ 小鸡tomcat / ′tRmkAt/ 雄猫野生动物zebra / ′zi:brE/ 斑马antelope / ′AntilEup/ 羚羊gaze lle / gE′zel/ 小羚羊deer / diE/ 鹿reindeer / ′reindiE/ 驯鹿giraffe / dVi′ra:f/ 长颈鹿baboon / bE′bu:n/ 狒狒camel / ′kAmEl/ 骆驼elephant / ′elifEnt/ 象rhinoceros / rai′nRsErEs/ 犀牛hippopotamus / hipE′pRtEmEs/ 河马panda / ′pAndE/ 熊猫lion / ′laiEn/ 狮lynx / liNks/ 猞猁panther / ′pAnWE/ 豹puma / ′pju:mE/ 美洲豹leopard / ′lepEd/ 豹tiger / ′taigE/ 虎wildcat / ′waildkAt/ 野猫bison / ′baisn/ 美洲野牛yak / jAk/ 牦牛badger / ′bAdVE/ 獾weasel / ′wi:zl/ 鼬,黄鼠狼otter / ′RtE/ 水獭fox / fRks/ 狐hyena / hai′i:nE/ 鬣狗wolf / wulf/ 狼squirrel / ′skwirEl/ 松鼠beaver / ′bi:vE/ 河狸marmot / ′mB:mEt/ 土拨鼠bear / bZE/ 熊hare / hZE/ 野兔rat / rAt/ 鼠gopher / / 囊地鼠mole / mEul/ 鼹鼠monkey / ′mQNki/ 猴子chimpanzee / tFimpEn′zi:/ 黑猩猩gorill a / gE′rilE/ 大猩猩orangutan / / 猩猩gibbon / ′gibEn/ 长臂猿anteater / ′Anti:tE/ 食蚁兽platypus / ′plAtipEs/ 鸭嘴兽kangaroo / kANgE′ru:/ 袋鼠koala / kE′RlE/ 考拉, 树袋熊hedgehog / hedVhRg/ 刺猬porcupine / ′pR:kjupain/ 箭猪, 豪猪bat / bAt/ 蝙蝠whale / weil/ 鲸dolphin / ′dRlfin/ 海豚seal / ′si:l/ 海豹walrus / ′wR:lrEs/ 海象鸟类phoenix / ′fi:niks/ 凤凰eagle / ′i:gl/ 鹰condor / ′kRndR:/ 秃鹰hawk / hR:k/ 鹰falcon / ′fR:lkEn, ′fR:kEn/ 隼heron / ′herEn/ 苍鹰kite / kait/ 鹞vulture / ′vQltFE/ 秃鹫peacock / ′pi:kRk/ 孔雀duck / dQk/ 鸭pelican / ′pelikEn/ 鹈鹕cormorant / ′kRrmErEnt/ 鸬鹚swan / swRn/ 天鹅wild goose / / 雁pigeon / pidVin/ 鸽子pheasant / ′fZznt/ 雉, 野鸡quail / kweil/ 鹌鹑ostrich / ′RstritF/ 鸵鸟stork / stR:k/ 鹳seagull / / 海鸥albatross / ′AlbEtrRs/ 信天翁kingfisher / ′kiNfiFE/ 翠鸟woodpecker / ′wudpekE/ 啄木鸟parrot / ′pArEt/ 鹦鹉cuckoo / ′kuku:/ 杜鹃,布谷鸟crow / krEu/ 乌鸦magpie / ′mAgpai/ 喜鹊swallow / ′swRlEu/ 燕子sparrow / ′spArEu/ 麻雀nightingale / ′naitiNgeil/ 夜莺canary / kE′nZEri/ 金丝雀starling / ′sta:liN/ 八哥thrush / WrQF/ 画眉goldfinch / ′gouldfintF/ 金翅雀robin / ′rRbin/ 知更鸟lark / la:k/ 云雀penguin / ′pengwin/ 企鹅owl / aul/ 枭,猫头鹰throstle / ′WrRsl/ 画眉鸟其他snake / sneik/ 蛇cobra / ′kEubrE/ 眼镜蛇python / ′paiWRn/ 蟒蛇rattlesnake / ′rAtlsneik/ 响尾蛇lizard / ′lizEd/ 蜥蜴chameleon / kE′mi:ljEn/ 变色龙,避役wall lizard / / 壁虎crocodile / ′krRkEdail/ 鳄鱼, 非洲鳄turtle / ′tE:tl/ 海龟tortoise / ′tR:tEs/ 龟frog / frRg/ 青蛙tadpole / ′tAdpEul/蝌蚪toad / tEud/ 蟾蜍snail / sneil/ 蜗牛cuttlefish / ′kQtlfiF/ 乌贼squid / skwid/ 枪乌贼,鱿鱼octopus / ′RktEpEs/ 章鱼clam / klAm/ 蚌mussel / ′mQsl/ 淡菜,贻贝oyster / ′RistE/ 牡蛎scallop / ′skRlEp/ 扇贝sea urchin / / 海胆goldfish / ′gouldfiF/ 金鱼sperm / spE:m/ 巨头鲸carp / ka:p/ 鲤鱼crucian / ′kru:FEn/ 鲫鱼chub / / 鲢鱼eel / i:l/ 鳗鱼herring / ′heriN/ 青鱼, 鲱鱼mullet / ′mQlit/ 黑鱼perch / pE:tF/ 鲈鱼salmon / ′sAmEn/ 鲑鱼trout / traut/ 鳟鱼anchovy / ′AntFEvi/ 凤尾鱼codfish / ′kRdfiF/ 鳕鱼sa rdine / sa:′di:n/ 沙丁鱼sailfish / ′seilfiF/ 旗鱼sea horse / / 海马shark / Fa:k/ 鲨鱼tunny / ′tQni/ 金枪鱼prawn / prRn/ 明虾shrimp / Frimp/ 虾crayfish / ′kreifiF/ 小龙虾, 喇蛄lobster / ′lRbstE/ 龙虾crab / krAb/ 蟹ant / Ant/ 蚂蚁termite / ′tE:mait/ 白蚁bee / bi:/ 蜜蜂honeybee / ′hQnibi:/ 蜜蜂wasp / wRsp/ 黄蜂, 胡蜂beetle / ′bi:tl/ 甲壳虫fly / flai/ 苍蝇horsefly / ′hR:sflai/ 厩蝇,牛虻flea / fli:/ 跳蚤louse / laus/ 虱子, 白虱spider / ′spaidE/ 蜘蛛mosquito / mEs′ki:tEu/ 蚊wiggler / ′wiglE/ 孑孓lad ybug / ′ledibQg/ 瓢虫firefly / ′faiEflai/ 萤火虫cicada / si′kedE/ 蝉dragonfly / ′drAgEnflai/ 蜻蜓cricket / ′krikit/ 蟋蟀locust / ′lEukEst/ 蝗虫grasshopper / ′gra:shRpE/ 蚱蜢mantis / ′mAntis/ 螳螂caterpillar / ′kAtEpilE/ 毛虫centipede / ′sentipi:d/蜈蚣butterfly / ′bQtEflai/ 蝴蝶butterfly / ′bQtEflai/ 白蝴蝶moth / mRW/ 蛾bug / bQg/ 臭虫cockroach / ′kak′rEutF/ 蟑螂scorpion / ′skR:piEn/ 蝎子earthworm / ′E:WwE:m/ 蚯蚓fishworm / ′fiFwE:m/ 蚯蚓leech / ′li:tF/ 蚂蝗, 水蛭roundworm / ′raundwE:m/ 蛔虫饮食nutrition [nju:'triʃən]营养appetite ['æpitait] 胃口hunger / ′hQNgE/ 饥饿thirst / WE:st/ 口渴的hungry / ′hQNgri/ 饥饿的thirsty / ′WE:sti/ 口渴的gluttony / ′glQtni/ 暴食greed / gri:d/ 贪嘴overfeeding / / 吃得过多diet / ′daiEt/ 食谱banquet / ′bAN kwit/ 宴会breakfast / ′brekfEst/ 早餐lunch [lʌntʃ] 午餐dinner / ′dinE/ 正餐supper / ′sQpE/ 晚饭soup / su:p/ 汤entree / ′Rntrei/ 正菜dessert / di′zE:t/ 甜点snack / snAk/ 点心,小吃can / kAn/ 罐头tin / tin/ 听fruit / fru:t/ 水果vegetable ['vedʒitəbl] 蔬菜beancurd / / 豆腐crisp / krisp/ 炸土豆片chips / tFips/ 炸薯条milk / milk/ 奶egg / eg/ 蛋肉类meat / mi:t/ 肉beef / bi:f/ 牛肉veal / vi:l/ 小牛肉lamb / lAm/ 羊肉。

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documentation control and requirements – discrepancies in documentation as well as deviation of quantities declared in
items and weight might cause long delays in the customs
NCM
Байду номын сангаас
INFRAERO
SISCOMEX
SISCARGA
RADAR
It is the electronic power of attorney in the Customs System that enable local broker clear the goods on Customs on behalf of consignee with Legal Entity registered in Brazil.
It is required in the HBL, as part of the goods description for each one of the products imported to Brazil. It is the harmonized tariff schedule related to international commerce within MERCOSUL, the South American common market (.br/simulador/). Brazil main airports are privatized now but some few are still operated by government owned company ―Empresa Brasileira de Infraestrutura Aeroportuária‖, INFRAERO in short. All import procedures are performed through the Integrated Foreign Trade System (Sistema Integrado de Comercio Exterior – SISCOMEX), which interconnects government agencies to all agents engaged in export and import activities. This system refers to control guidement of all vessels, containers and cargoes at Brazilian ports. It is a module of Brazil Customs system for electronic manifest of cargo (SISCOMEX).
How to ship to Brazil Documentation and flow guide
Mauris Gabriel – Customs NZ Brazil 2014
Introduction
• Although Brazilian regulations might seem complicated and fines related to errors can be
customs to consignee but usually claimed by consignee to be paid by KN origin or destination.
How to ship to Brazil
Airfreight flow
How to ship to Brazil
Seafreight flow - FCL
How to ship to Brazil
Seafreight flow - LCL
How to ship to Brazil
Customs process flow – working days
Usual is Mon to Fri 8:00 am to 6:00pm Some few Airports and Borders Sat 8:00 am to 1:30 pm under confirmation
system known by its acronym, SISCOMEX, managed by the Foreign Trade Secretariat (SECEX), Customs (Receita Federal), and the Central Bank of Brazil.
• SISCOMEX centralizes the flow of information between all government organs and banks involved in import/export operations. Online analyses of import operations registered within the system reduce the number of documents required and speed up the process.
1. Timeline to take a RADAR approval by Customs is 30 days after formal request 2. If you ship to Brazil without RADAR your cargo will be blocked at port or airport 3. RADAR must be renewed in yearly basis but once you already have RADAR issued for first time the renew is quick within 1 – 2 days each renew
Customs process flow
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Exporter invoice
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HAWB
HBL
Import
licence
Penalties
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How to ship to Brazil
How to ship to Brazil
Exporting to Brazil What is required from the Exporter?
Right from the beginning!
Brazilian Customs Authority maintain extremely strict
How to ship to Brazil
RADAR - Importers and Exporters Register Customs Siscomex Power of Attorney
Besides the official company registration as per industrial and commercial law (CNPJ), the importer in Brazil has to apply for a so called RADAR license at the Receita Federal (Customs Authority) which is the electronic power of attorney in the Customs System – SISCOMEX to enable local customs broker clear the goods on customs on behalf of shipper (export) or consignee (import).
Normal procedure (RADAR ordinário)
• Without limit • Time for application around 40-60 days
How to ship to Brazil
Brazil Import Regulations Highlight
The Brazilian government controls its foreign trade transactions through an integrated computerized
process at ports and airports paying for extra storage in weekly periods varying from 0.5% a 3% of declared CFR value.
Still additional high costs spent with penalties imposed by
• Only importers and their attorneys (brokers) formally registered in Brazil can access the system. • DDP (Delivery Duty Paid) operations for imports in Brazil are not allowed by Brazilian authorities and can not be registered at SISCOMEX. • KN Brazil Legal Entity does not allow us act as Import of Record (importer) in Brazil. We are exclusive Freight Forwarders and Customs Broker Agent.
Simplified procedure (RADAR simplificado)
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