Building a Software Model-Checker
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Bounded Model Checking
Experimental Results
1. We investigate a sequential shift and add multiplier. We specify that when the sequential multiplier is finished, its output is the same as the output of a certain combinational multiplier.
Liveness Property
I (s 0 ) : ( ¬l0∧¬r0 ) T (s0, s1) : ((l1↔l0 r0)∧(r1↔ ¬r0) ∨ T (s 1 , s 2 ) : T (s 2 , s 3 ) : s3 = s0 : s3 = s1 : s3 = s2 : p (s 0 ) : p (s 1 ) : p (s 2 ) :
Experiments on subcircuits from a PowerPC microprocessor of Motorola. To check 20 assertions. First turn each assertion into an AGp property. For each of the properties, 1. Check whether p is a tautology. 2. Check whether p is otherwise an invariant. 3. Check whether AGp hold for various time bounds ,k, from 0 to 20.
What is Model Checking?
Exhaustively traverses all the reachable states of the system to verify the desired properties + Fully automatic + Gives a counterexample when the desired property is not satisfied - Can only check finite state system - State explosion
软件测试英语术语缩写
软件测试常用英语词汇静态测试：Non-Execution-Based Testing或Static testing代码走查：Walkthrough代码审查：Code Inspection技术评审：Review动态测试：Execution-Based Testing白盒测试：White-Box Testing黑盒测试：Black-Box Testing灰盒测试：Gray-Box Testing软件质量保证SQA：Software Quality Assurance软件开发生命周期：Software Development Life Cycle冒烟测试：Smoke Test回归测试：Regression Test功能测试：Function Testing性能测试：Performance Testing压力测试：Stress Testing负载测试：Volume Testing易用性测试：Usability Testing安装测试：Installation Testing界面测试：UI Testing配置测试：Configuration Testing文档测试：Documentation Testing兼容性测试：Compatibility Testing安全性测试：Security Testing恢复测试：Recovery Testing单元测试：Unit Test集成测试：Integration Test系统测试：System Test验收测试：Acceptance Test测试计划应包括：测试对象：The Test Objectives测试范围： The Test Scope测试策略： The Test Strategy测试方法： The Test Approach;测试过程： The test procedures;测试环境： The Test Environment;测试完成标准：The test Completion criteria 测试用例：The Test Cases测试进度表：The Test Schedules风险：Risks接口：Interface最终用户：The End User正式的测试环境：Formal Test Environment确认需求：Verifying The Requirements有分歧的需求：Ambiguous Requirements运行和维护：Operation and Maintenance.可复用性：Reusability可靠性： Reliability/Availability电机电子工程师协会IEEE：The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers正确性：Correctness实用性：Utility健壮性：Robustness可靠性：Reliability软件需求规格说明书：SRS software requirement specification概要设计：HLD high level design详细设计：LLD low level design统一开发流程：RUP rational unified process集成产品开发：IPD integrated product development能力成熟模型：CMM capability maturity model能力成熟模型集成：CMMI capability maturity model integration戴明环：PDCA plan do check act软件工程过程组：SEPG software engineering process group集成测试：IT integration testing系统测试：ST system testing关键过程域：KPA key process area同行评审：PR peer review用户验收测试：UAT user acceptance testing验证和确认：V&V verification & validation控制变更委员会：CCB change control board图形用户界面：GUI graphic user interface配置管理员：CMO configuration management officer 平均失效间隔时间：MTBF mean time between failures 平均修复时间：MTTR mean time to restoration平均失效时间：MTTF mean time to failure工作任务书：SOW statement of workα测试：alpha testingβ测试：beta testing适应性：Adaptability可用性：Availability功能规格说明书：Functional Specification软件开发中常见英文缩写和各类软件开发文档的英文缩写：英文简写文档名称MRD market requirement document 市场需求文档PRD product requirement document 产品需求文档SOW 工作任务说明书PHB Process Handbook 项目过程手册EST Estimation Sheet 估计记录PPL Project Plan 项目计划CMP Software Management Plan 配置管理计划QAP Software Quality Assurance Plan 软件质量保证计划RMP Software Risk Management Plan 软件风险管理计划TST Test Strategy测试策略WBS Work Breakdown Structure 工作分解结构BRS Business Requirement Specification业务需求说明书SRS Software Requirement Specification软件需求说明书STP System Testing plan 系统测试计划STC System Testing Cases 系统测试用例HLD High Level Design 概要设计说明书ITP Integration Testing plan 集成测试计划ITC Integration Testing Cases 集成测试用例LLD Low Level Design 详细设计说明书UTP Unit Testing Plan 单元测试计划UTC Unit Testing Cases 单元测试用例UTR Unit Testing Report 单元测试报告ITR Integration Testing Report 集成测试报告STR System Testing Report 系统测试报告RTM Requirements Traceability Matrix 需求跟踪矩阵CSA Configuration Status Accounting 配置状态发布CRF Change Request Form 变更申请表WSR Weekly Status Report 项目周报QSR Quality Weekly Status Report 质量工作周报QAR Quality Audit Report质量检查报告QCL Quality Check List质量检查表PAR Phase Assessment Report 阶段评估报告CLR Closure Report 项目总结报告RFF Review Finding Form 评审发现表MOM Minutes of Meeting 会议纪要MTX Metrics Sheet 度量表CCF ConsistanceCheckForm一致性检查表BAF Baseline Audit Form基线审计表PTF Program Trace Form问题跟踪表领测国际科技北京有限公司软件测试中英文对照术语表AAbstract test case High level test case ：概要测试用例 Acceptance：验收Acceptance criteria：验收标准Acceptance testing：验收测试Accessibility testing：易用性测试Accuracy：精确性Actual outcome actual result ：实际输出/实际结果 Ad hoc review informal review ：非正式评审Ad hoc testing：随机测试Adaptability：自适应性Agile testing：敏捷测试Algorithm test branch testing ：分支测试Alpha testing：alpha 测试Analyzability：易分析性Analyzer：分析员Anomaly：异常Arc testing：分支测试Attractiveness：吸引力Audit：审计Audit trail：审计跟踪Automated testware：自动测试组件Availability：可用性BBack-to-back testing：对比测试Baseline：基线Basic block：基本块Basis test set：基本测试集Bebugging：错误撒播Behavior：行为Benchmark test：基准测试Bespoke software：定制的软件Best practice：最佳实践Beta testing：Beta 测试领测国际科技北京有限公司Big-bang testing：集成测试Black-box technique：黑盒技术Black-box testing：黑盒测试Black-box test design technique：黑盒测试设计技术Blocked test case：被阻塞的测试用例Bottom-up testing：自底向上测试Boundary value：边界值Boundary value analysis：边界值分析Boundary value coverage：边界值覆盖率Boundary value testing：边界值测试Branch：分支Branch condition：分支条件Branch condition combination coverage：分支条件组合覆盖率 Branch condition combination testing：分支条件组合测试Branch condition coverage：分支条件覆盖率Branch coverage：分支覆盖率Branch testing：分支测试Bug：缺陷Business process-based testing：基于商业流程的测试CCapability Maturity Model CMM ：能力成熟度模型Capability Maturity Model Integration CMMI ：集成能力成熟度模型Capture/playback tool：捕获/回放工具Capture/replay tool：捕获/重放工具CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering ：电脑辅助软件工程 CAST Computer Aided Software Testing ：电脑辅助软件测试Cause-effect graph：因果图Cause-effect graphing：因果图技术Cause-effect analysis：因果分析Cause-effect decision table：因果判定表Certification：认证Changeability：可变性Change control：变更控制Change control board：变更控制委员会Checker：检查人员Chow's coverage metrics N-switch coverage ：N 切换覆盖率 Classification tree method：分类树方法Code analyzer：代码分析器Code coverage：代码覆盖率领测国际科技北京有限公司Code-based testing：基于代码的测试Co-existence：共存性Commercial off-the-shelf software：商用离岸软件Comparator：比较器Compatibility testing：兼容性测试Compiler：编译器Complete testing：完全测试/穷尽测试Completion criteria：完成标准Complexity：复杂性Compliance：一致性Compliance testing：一致性测试Component：组件Component integration testing：组件集成测试Component specification：组件规格说明Component testing：组件测试Compound condition：组合条件Concrete test case low level test case ：详细测试用例Concurrency testing：并发测试Condition：条件表达式Condition combination coverage：条件组合覆盖率Condition coverage：条件覆盖率Condition determination coverage：条件判定覆盖率 Condition determination testing：条件判定测试Condition testing：条件测试Condition outcome：条件结果Confidence test smoke test ：信心测试冒烟测试Configuration：配置Configuration auditing：配置审核Configuration control：配置控制Configuration control board CCB ：配置控制委员会 Configuration identification：配置标识Configuration item：配置项Configuration management：配置管理Configuration testing：配置测试Confirmation testing：确认测试Conformance testing：一致性测试Consistency：一致性Control flow：控制流Control flow graph：控制流图Control flow path：控制流路径Conversion testing：转换测试COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf software ：商业离岸软件 Coverage：覆盖率Coverage analysis：覆盖率分析领测国际科技北京有限公司Coverage item：覆盖项Coverage tool：覆盖率工具Custom software：定制软件Cyclomatic complexity：圈复杂度Cyclomatic number：圈数DDaily build：每日构建Data definition：数据定义Data driven testing：数据驱动测试Data flow：数据流Data flow analysis：数据流分析Data flow coverage：数据流覆盖率Data flow test：数据流测试Data integrity testing：数据完整性测试Database integrity testing：数据库完整性测试Dead code：无效代码Debugger：调试器Debugging：调试Debugging tool：调试工具Decision：判定Decision condition coverage：判定条件覆盖率 Decision condition testing：判定条件测试Decision coverage：判定覆盖率Decision table：判定表Decision table testing：判定表测试Decision testing：判定测试技术Decision outcome：判定结果Defect：缺陷Defect density：缺陷密度Defect Detection Percentage DDP ：缺陷发现率 Defect management：缺陷管理Defect management tool：缺陷管理工具Defect masking：缺陷屏蔽Defect report：缺陷报告Defect tracking tool：缺陷跟踪工具Definition-use pair：定义-使用对Deliverable：交付物Design-based testing：基于设计的测试Desk checking：桌面检查领测国际科技北京有限公司Development testing：开发测试Deviation：偏差Deviation report：偏差报告Dirty testing：负面测试Documentation testing：文档测试Domain：域Driver：驱动程序Dynamic analysis：动态分析Dynamic analysis tool：动态分析工具Dynamic comparison：动态比较Dynamic testing：动态测试EEfficiency：效率Efficiency testing：效率测试Elementary comparison testing：基本组合测试 Emulator：仿真器、仿真程序Entry criteria：入口标准Entry point：入口点Equivalence class：等价类Equivalence partition：等价区间Equivalence partition coverage：等价区间覆盖率Equivalence partitioning：等价划分技术Error：错误Error guessing：错误猜测技术Error seeding：错误撒播Error tolerance：错误容限Evaluation：评估Exception handling：异常处理Executable statement：可执行的语句Exercised：可执行的Exhaustive testing：穷尽测试Exit criteria：出口标准Exit point：出口点Expected outcome：预期结果Expected result：预期结果Exploratory testing：探测测试领测国际科技北京有限公司FFail：失败Failure：失败Failure mode：失败模式Failure Mode and Effect Analysis FMEA ：失败模式和影响分析Failure rate：失败频率Fault：缺陷Fault density：缺陷密度Fault Detection Percentage FDP ：缺陷发现率Fault masking：缺陷屏蔽Fault tolerance：缺陷容限Fault tree analysis：缺陷树分析Feature：特征Field testing：现场测试Finite state machine：有限状态机Finite state testing：有限状态测试Formal review：正式评审Frozen test basis：测试基线Function Point Analysis FPA ：功能点分析Functional integration：功能集成Functional requirement：功能需求Functional test design technique：功能测试设计技术 Functional testing：功能测试Functionality：功能性Functionality testing：功能性测试Gglass box testing：白盒测试HHeuristic evaluation：启发式评估High level test case：概要测试用例Horizontal traceability：水平跟踪领测国际科技北京有限公司IImpact analysis：影响分析Incremental development model：增量开发模型 Incremental testing：增量测试Incident：事件Incident management：事件管理Incident management tool：事件管理工具Incident report：事件报告Independence：独立Infeasible path：不可行路径Informal review：非正式评审Input：输入Input domain：输入范围Input value：输入值Inspection：审查Inspection leader：审查组织者Inspector：审查人员Installability：可安装性Installability testing：可安装性测试Installation guide：安装指南Installation wizard：安装向导Instrumentation：插装Instrumenter：插装工具Intake test：入口测试Integration：集成Integration testing：集成测试Integration testing in the large：大范围集成测试 Integration testing in the small：小范围集成测试 Interface testing：接口测试Interoperability：互通性Interoperability testing：互通性测试Invalid testing：无效性测试Isolation testing：隔离测试Item transmittal report：版本发布报告Iterative development model：迭代开发模型KKey performance indicator：关键绩效指标领测国际科技北京有限公司Keyword driven testing：关键字驱动测试LLearnability：易学性Level test plan：等级测试计划Link testing：组件集成测试Load testing：负载测试Logic-coverage testing：逻辑覆盖测试 Logic-driven testing：逻辑驱动测试Logical test case：逻辑测试用例Low level test case：详细测试用例MMaintenance：维护Maintenance testing：维护测试Maintainability：可维护性Maintainability testing：可维护性测试 Management review：管理评审Master test plan：综合测试计划Maturity：成熟度Measure：度量Measurement：度量Measurement scale：度量粒度Memory leak：内存泄漏Metric：度量Migration testing：移植测试Milestone：里程碑Mistake：错误Moderator：仲裁员Modified condition decision coverage：改进的条件判定覆盖率Modified condition decision testing：改进的条件判定测试Modified multiple condition coverage：改进的多重条件判定覆盖率Modified multiple condition testing：改进的多重条件判定测试 Module：模块Module testing：模块测试Monitor：监视器Multiple condition：多重条件Multiple condition coverage：多重条件覆盖率领测国际科技北京有限公司Multiple condition testing：多重条件测试Mutation analysis：变化分析Mutation testing：变化测试NN-switch coverage：N 切换覆盖率N-switch testing：N 切换测试Negative testing：负面测试Non-conformity：不一致Non-functional requirement：非功能需求Non-functional testing：非功能测试Non-functional test design techniques：非功能测试设计技术OOff-the-shelf software：离岸软件Operability：可操作性Operational environment：操作环境Operational profile testing：运行剖面测试Operational testing：操作测试Oracle：标准Outcome：输出/结果Output：输出Output domain：输出范围Output value：输出值PPair programming：结队编程Pair testing：结队测试Partition testing：分割测试Pass：通过Pass/fail criteria：通过/失败标准Path：路径Path coverage：路径覆盖Path sensitizing：路径敏感性Path testing：路径测试领测国际科技北京有限公司Peer review：同行评审Performance：性能Performance indicator：绩效指标Performance testing：性能测试Performance testing tool：性能测试工具 Phase test plan：阶段测试计划Portability：可移植性Portability testing：移植性测试Postcondition：结果条件Post-execution comparison：运行后比较 Precondition：初始条件Predicted outcome：预期结果Pretest：预测试Priority：优先级Probe effect：检测成本Problem：问题Problem management：问题管理Problem report：问题报告Process：流程Process cycle test：处理周期测试Product risk：产品风险Project：项目Project risk：项目风险Program instrumenter：编程工具Program testing：程序测试Project test plan：项目测试计划Pseudo-random：伪随机QQuality：质量Quality assurance：质量保证Quality attribute：质量属性Quality characteristic：质量特征Quality management：质量管理领测国际科技北京有限公司RRandom testing：随机测试Recorder：记录员Record/playback tool：记录/回放工具 Recoverability：可复原性Recoverability testing：可复原性测试Recovery testing：可复原性测试Regression testing：回归测试Regulation testing：一致性测试Release note：版本说明Reliability：可靠性Reliability testing：可靠性测试Replaceability：可替换性Requirement：需求Requirements-based testing：基于需求的测试 Requirements management tool：需求管理工具 Requirements phase：需求阶段Resource utilization：资源利用Resource utilization testing：资源利用测试 Result：结果Resumption criteria：继续测试标准Re-testing：再测试Review：评审Reviewer：评审人员Review tool：评审工具Risk：风险Risk analysis：风险分析Risk-based testing：基于风险的测试Risk control：风险控制Risk identification：风险识别Risk management：风险管理Risk mitigation：风险消减Robustness：健壮性Robustness testing：健壮性测试Root cause：根本原因SSafety：安全领测国际科技北京有限公司Safety testing：安全性测试Sanity test：健全测试Scalability：可测量性Scalability testing：可测量性测试Scenario testing：情景测试Scribe：记录员Scripting language：脚本语言Security：安全性Security testing：安全性测试Serviceability testing：可维护性测试 Severity：严重性Simulation：仿真Simulator：仿真程序、仿真器Site acceptance testing：定点验收测试Smoke test：冒烟测试Software：软件Software feature：软件功能Software quality：软件质量Software quality characteristic：软件质量特征Software test incident：软件测试事件Software test incident report：软件测试事件报告Software Usability Measurement Inventory SUMI ：软件可用性调查问卷Source statement：源语句Specification：规格说明Specification-based testing：基于规格说明的测试Specification-based test design technique：基于规格说明的测试设计技术Specified input：特定输入Stability：稳定性Standard software：标准软件Standards testing：标准测试State diagram：状态图State table：状态表State transition：状态迁移State transition testing：状态迁移测试Statement：语句Statement coverage：语句覆盖Statement testing：语句测试Static analysis：静态分析Static analysis tool：静态分析工具Static analyzer：静态分析工具Static code analysis：静态代码分析Static code analyzer：静态代码分析工具Static testing：静态测试Statistical testing：统计测试领测国际科技北京有限公司Status accounting：状态统计Storage：资源利用Storage testing：资源利用测试Stress testing：压力测试Structure-based techniques：基于结构的技术Structural coverage：结构覆盖Structural test design technique：结构测试设计技术 Structural testing：基于结构的测试Structured walkthrough：面向结构的走查Stub: 桩Subpath: 子路径Suitability: 符合性Suspension criteria: 暂停标准Syntax testing: 语法测试System:系统System integration testing：系统集成测试System testing：系统测试TTechnical review：技术评审Test：测试Test approach：测试方法Test automation：测试自动化Test basis：测试基础Test bed：测试环境Test case：测试用例Test case design technique：测试用例设计技术 Test case specification：测试用例规格说明Test case suite：测试用例套Test charter：测试宪章Test closure：测试结束Test comparator：测试比较工具Test comparison：测试比较Test completion criteria：测试比较标准Test condition：测试条件Test control：测试控制Test coverage：测试覆盖率Test cycle：测试周期Test data：测试数据Test data preparation tool：测试数据准备工具领测国际科技北京有限公司Test design：测试设计Test design specification：测试设计规格说明 Test design technique：测试设计技术Test design tool: 测试设计工具Test driver: 测试驱动程序Test driven development: 测试驱动开发Test environment: 测试环境Test evaluation report: 测试评估报告Test execution: 测试执行Test execution automation: 测试执行自动化 Test execution phase: 测试执行阶段Test execution schedule: 测试执行进度表Test execution technique: 测试执行技术Test execution tool: 测试执行工具Test fail: 测试失败Test generator: 测试生成工具Test leader:测试负责人Test harness：测试组件Test incident：测试事件Test incident report：测试事件报告Test infrastructure：测试基础组织Test input：测试输入Test item：测试项Test item transmittal report：测试项移交报告 Test level：测试等级Test log：测试日志Test logging：测试记录Test manager：测试经理Test management：测试管理Test management tool：测试管理工具Test Maturity Model TMM ：测试成熟度模型Test monitoring：测试跟踪Test object：测试对象Test objective：测试目的Test oracle：测试标准Test pass：测试通过Test performance indicator：测试绩效指标Test phase：测试阶段Test plan：测试计划Test planning：测试计划Test policy：测试方针Test Point Analysis TPA ：测试点分析Test procedure：测试过程领测国际科技北京有限公司Test procedure specification：测试过程规格说明 Test process：测试流程Test Process Improvement TPI ：测试流程改进 Test record：测试记录Test recording：测试记录Test reproduceability：测试可重现性Test report：测试报告Test requirement：测试需求Test run：测试运行Test run log：测试运行日志Test result：测试结果Test scenario：测试场景Test set：测试集Test situation：测试条件Test specification：测试规格说明Test specification technique：测试规格说明技术 Test stage：测试阶段Test strategy：测试策略Test suite：测试套Test summary report：测试总结报告Test target：测试目标Test tool：测试工具Test type：测试类型Testability：可测试性Testability review：可测试性评审Testable requirements：需求可测试性Tester：测试人员Testing：测试Testware：测试组件Thread testing：组件集成测试Time behavior：性能Top-down testing：自顶向下的测试Traceability：可跟踪性UUnderstandability：易懂性Unit：单元unit testing：单元测试Unreachable code：执行不到的代码领测国际科技北京有限公司Usability：易用性Usability testing：易用性测试Use case：用户用例Use case testing：用户用例测试User acceptance testing：用户验收测试 User scenario testing：用户场景测试 User test：用户测试VV -model：V 模式Validation：确认Variable：变量Verification：验证Vertical traceability：垂直可跟踪性 Version control：版本控制Volume testing：容量测试WWalkthrough：走查White-box test design technique：白盒测试设计技术 White-box testing：白盒测试Wide Band Delphi：Delphi 估计方法。
bim技术应用能力评价标准
bim技术应用能力评价标准BIM技术（Building Information Modeling，建筑信息模型）是一种集成了设计、施工和运营的数字化建筑生命周期管理技术。
它通过将建筑物的几何形状、结构、材料等信息进行数字化建模，并与时间、成本、品质等其他相关数据进行整合，实现对建筑项目全过程的集成化管理和协同工作。
在评价BIM技术应用能力时，可以从以下几个方面进行考量。
1.BIM软件和工具的熟练程度：评价BIM技术应用能力的一个重要指标是对BIM软件和工具的熟悉程度。
这包括对常用BIM软件（如Revit、Archicad、Tekla等）的操作熟练程度，以及对BIM 工具（如Navisworks、Solibri Model Checker等）的使用能力。
熟练掌握BIM软件和工具可以提高模型的质量和准确性，提升工作效率。
2.模型构建和数据管理能力：评价BIM技术应用能力还需要考察对模型构建和数据管理的能力。
这包括对建筑物各个组成部分的建模能力，如墙体、楼板、柱子等，以及对参数化建模和族库的应用能力。
此外，对模型的数据管理和协同工作能力也是评价BIM应用能力的重要指标。
3.BIM协同设计和协同施工能力：BIM技术的核心价值在于实现各方之间的协同工作和信息共享。
因此，评价BIM 技术应用能力时需要考察对BIM协同设计和协同施工的能力。
这包括多人同时协同编辑模型、模型版本控制、冲突检测与解决、协同设计会议等能力。
4.BIM应用于施工过程和项目管理的能力：BIM技术在施工过程和项目管理中也发挥着重要的作用。
评价BIM技术应用能力时需要考察对BIM应用于施工过程和项目管理的能力，如进度计划的制定与跟踪、资源管理、碰撞检测和预防、成本估算等能力。
5.BIM应用于运维与设施管理的能力：BIM技术在建筑物运维与设施管理方面也有广泛应用。
评价BIM技术应用能力时需要考察对BIM应用于运维与设施管理的能力，如设备管理、维修保养计划、能耗分析与优化等能力。
软件工程英文参考文献(优秀范文105个)
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Development of putational models of emotions: A software engineering perspective[J]. Cognitive Systems Research,2020,60(C).[99]Sharifzadeh Bahador,Kalbasi Rasool,Jahangiri Mehdi,Toghraie Davood,Karimipour Arash. Computer modeling of pulsatile blood flow in elastic arteryusing a software program for application in biomedical engineering[J]. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine,2020.[100]Shen Xiaoning,Guo Yinan,Li Aimin. Cooperative coevolution with an improved resource allocation for large-scale multi-objective software projectscheduling[J]. Applied Soft Computing,2020,88(C).[101]Jung Jaesoon,Kook Junghwan,Goo Seongyeol,Wang Semyung. Corrigendum to Sound transmission analysis of plate structures using the finite element method and elementary radiator approach with radiator error index [Advances in Engineering Software 112 (2017 115][J]. Advances in Engineering Software,2020,140(C).[102]Zhang Chenyi,Pang Jun. Preface for the special issue of the 12th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (TASE2018[J]. Science of Computer Programming,2020,187(C).[103]Karras Oliver,Schneider Kurt,Fricker Samuel A.. Representing software project vision by means of video: A quality model for vision videos[J]. Journal of Systems and Software,2020,162(C).[104]Sutanto Juliana,Jiang Qiqi,Tan Chuan-Hoo. The contingent role of interproject connectedness in cultivating open source software projects[J]. The Journal of Strategic InformationSystems,2020(prepublish).[105]Weiner Iddo,Feldman Yael,Shahar Noam,Yacoby Iftach,Tuller Tamir. CSO A sequence optimization software for engineering chloroplast expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[J]. AlgalResearch,2020,46(C).。
基于NuSMV的SysML模型形式化验证
基于NuSMV的SysML模型形式化验证邓刘梦; 葛晓瑜; 宛伟健【期刊名称】《《计算机技术与发展》》【年(卷),期】2019(029)010【总页数】4页(P153-156)【关键词】需求工程; 模型转换; 形式化验证; 模型驱动开发【作者】邓刘梦; 葛晓瑜; 宛伟健【作者单位】南京航空航天大学计算机科学与技术学院江苏南京 211106【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TP3110 引言在过去多年，软件开发面临了多个挑战，新的需求和存在系统不断增长，系统也变得越来越复杂，以至于很难及时地对它们进行构建。
为了解决这些问题，出现了很多新的方法，其中最突出的一个就是模型驱动开发。
模型驱动开发代表了一套理论和工业化软件开发的方法框架，在软件开发全生命周期中系统的使用模型作为主要工件，主要是为了解决软件的两个根本危机：复杂性和变更能力。
但与此同时，模型驱动开发也带来了一些问题：使用自然语言描述的需求与严格定义的模型之间的鸿沟无法很好地连通[1]。
此外，对于SysML描述的图形化模型，目前缺乏严格有效的分析和验证方法。
针对以上存在的问题，文中给出了从SysML模型到NuSMV输入模型的转换规则，并实现自动化程序完成这一转换。
接着利用NuSMV模型检测的方法来验证SysML模型的正确性。
1 SysML系统建模SysML是目前业界常用的系统体系结构建模语言，可用于由软硬件、数据和人综合而成的复杂系统的分析与设计。
然而，为了保证一定的易读性，SysML采用半形式化的描述方法来定义语义，使用自然语言描述约束和详细语义，力求在形式严格和易于理解间找到平衡[2]。
在实际中，其图形化的建模方式十分简洁直观，关系链接与约束描述等方式也进一步缩小了模型驱动开发过程中需求描述与模型设计制品间的沟壑。
但是，其牺牲的部分就是缺乏精确的语义，难以进行严格的语义分析以及正确性验证。
SysML是一种图形化建模语言，是对象管理组织(object management group，OMG)在对UML2.0的子集进行重用和扩展的基础上提出的一种新建模语言[3]。
基于BIM模型的结构设计审查方法研究
2021年2月图 学 学 报 February2021第42卷第1期JOURNAL OF GRAPHICS V ol.42No.1基于BIM模型的结构设计审查方法研究张吉松1，赵丽华1，崔英辉1，任国乾2，李海江2(1. 大连交通大学土木工程学院，辽宁大连 116028；2. 卡迪夫大学工学院，英国威尔士卡迪夫 CF24 3AA)摘要：建筑信息模型(BIM)作为建筑工程的数字化表达，正在成为实现建筑全生命期信息化、工业化和智能化的重要手段。
以BIM模型作为设计交付成果是未来建筑设计领域发展趋势。
然而，现阶段建筑结构设计的审查工作还是以人工手动审查为主，普遍存在主观、效率偏低且易出差错等问题。
因此，以框架结构模型审查为实例，通过关系数据库方法解析BIM模型数据，采用Java编程转译结构设计规范条文，提出一种基于BIM模型的结构设计审查方法。
实现过程包括：①模型准备与信息映射；②规范条款分类和转译；③建立连接和代码执行。
结果表明：该方法可以部分实现结构模型的自动化审查，提高了设计审查工作的科学性、可靠性和规范性，为今后全面实现设计审查的自动化和智能化提供了技术基础和参考方法。
关键词：建筑信息模型；结构设计；合规性审查；关系数据库；Java中图分类号：TP 391 DOI：10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2021010133文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-302X(2021)01-0133-08Code compliance checking of structural design based on BIM modelZHANG Ji-song1, ZHAO Li-hua1, CUI Ying-hui1, REN Guo-qian2, LI Hai-jiang2(1. School of Civil Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian Liaoning 116028, China;2. Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK)Abstract: Building information modeling (BIM), as the digital expression of construction engineering, is becoming an important means to realize the informatization, industrialization, and intelligence of the whole life of building. The utilization of BIM model as a design delivery represents the future trend of construction design. However, currently, the compliance checking of structural design is conducted manually, which tends to be subjective, inefficient and error-prone. As a result, this paper carried out a case study of the compliance checking of the frame structure, analyzed the BIM model data using the relational database, and employed Java programming to translate the provisions of structure design code, thereby proposing an approach to compliance checking of structural design based on the BIM model. The process can be divided into three main steps: ① Model preparation and information mapping; ②Provision classification and translation; ③ Development of connection and code execution. The results show that the proposed method can partially realize the automatic compliance checking of structural design, improve the收稿日期：2020-06-24；定稿日期：2020-09-07Received：24 June，2020；Finalized：7 September，2020基金项目：辽宁省科技厅博士科研启动基金计划项目(2019-BS-041)；辽宁省教育厅青年科技人才育苗项目(JDL2019036)；辽宁省教育厅基础研究项目(JDL 2019018)Foundation items：Ph.D Research Startup Foundation of Department of Science & Technology of Liaoning Province (2019-BS-041); Scientific Talents Breeding Foundation of Educational Department of Liaoning Province (JDL2019036);Fundamental Research Foundation ofEducational Department of Liaoning Province (JDL 2019018)第一作者：张吉松(1983–)，男，辽宁鞍山人，讲师，博士。
索尼投影机校正专业版软件使用说明书
1 Company Software Manual version Issued Date Sony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 2017<Outline>A.Equipment RequiredB.Corresponding projectors / FunctionsC.PreparationD.FunctionsE.Note1.Equipment Required-Software: “Projector Calibration Pro”-Sony Projector with LAN port (see section 2 for more details)-PC / Laptop with HDMI interface-LAN cable-HDMI cable-Chroma meter / Illuminance meter (only for advanced calibration)Recommended equipment:Chroma meter CL-200A (Konica Minolta)For Gamma adjustment, Color space adjustment, White balance adjustmentIlluminance meter T-10A (Konica Minolta)For Gamma adjustment2.Corresponding Projectors / Functions *1 Firmware version 1.100 and laterFunctionHome Cinema ProjectorVPL-VW1100ES VPL-VW600ES/500ES VPL-VW300ESVPL-VW5000ES,VZ1000ESVW665ES/520ES/528/515,VW675ES/550ES/558/535,VW385ES/360ES/368,VW365ES/320ES/328/315,VW285ES/260ES/268/245HW65ES/68/60,SD menu Yes Yes Yes Yes Gamma adjustment Yes Yes*1 Yes Yes Color correction No Yes Yes Yes Color space adjustment Yes Yes Yes Yes White balance adjustment Yes Yes Yes Yes Panel alignment adjustment No Yes*1 Yes YesSony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 2017 Dealer Information No No No YesFunctionProfessional Projector VPL-GT100 VPL-GTZ1OSD menu Yes Yes Gamma adjustment Yes YesColor correction No Yes Color space adjustment No Yes White balance adjustment Yes Yes Panel alignment adjustment No Yes Dealer Information No No Corresponding OS:Windows 7 (32 bit / 64 bit)Windows 8 (32 bit / 64 bit)*Windows 8.1 (32 bit / 64 bit)*Windows 10 (32 bit / 64 bit)**NET 3.5 SP1 is required to be installed.Sony CorporationProjector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 20173. Preparation3-1. Install “Projector Calibration Pro”Double click “Setup.exe” in“Projector_Calibration_Pro_Verxxx.zip” folder to install. Follow the instructions.*If you already have an older version installed, please uninstall it before installing the new one.*When you use Windows 8/8.1/10, please activate or install .NET 3.5 in advance.A. If using with a wireless network3-2-1. Connect the projector to the wireless router with a LAN cable3-2-2. Enter the IP address of the projector into Projector Calibration ProIP address of the projector is automatically assigned by the wireless router.Sony CorporationProjector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 2017B. If using a wired connection between the PC and the projector3-2-1. Connect the PC and the projector with a LAN cableNote: if a normal LAN cable doesn't work, try a cross LANcable.3-2-2. Connect the PC to the projector with an HDMI cable to extend the PC desktop to the projector3-2-3. Set the IPv4 network setting of the projector and PCSet the IP address of a projector using the projector on-screen menu.Set the IP address of the PC.*Please set different IP addresses and the same subnet mask for the projector and PC. Example: IP address Subnet maskProjector:192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 PC:192.168.0.5255.255.255.03-3. Launch the Projector Calibration Pro programLaunch the software by double clicking the shortcut created on your desktop.Set the IP address in the “Setting” “IP Address Setting” menu to work with the address set for the projectorSony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 2017to exportModel nameInputSame items as projector menuSony CorporationProjector Calibration ProVersion 0.05 Aug 18th, 20174-1-3. Keyboard controlYou can use your keyboard to operate the projector.During the following procedures, whenever a test pattern window appears on the PC screen, drag it to the extended desktop of the projector and maximize the window. Clicking in the maximized window will reduce the window size again. 4-2. Standard CalibrationThis process provides simple calibration without an external chroma meter or illuminance meter.Following the instructions step by step, you can adjust “Contrast”, “Brightness”, “White Balance” and “Reality Creation” to desired settings.4-2-1. Set Initial Settings for CalibrationChoose the picture settings to use before starting the calibration.If you want to save the current picture settings before starting calibration, click “Export Before Setting Recommended Values”If you don’t need to save the settings, click “Set Recommended Value Without Export”Sony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 2017 4-2-2. PC Dynamic Range CheckCheck the Dynamic Range settings of the HDMI orDisplayPort (VPL-GT100) Inputs to prevent errors duringthe setting process.Follow the instruction steps on the screen.See next page for images when settings are correct andincorrect.Sony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 2017IncorrectWhen PC setting is “Limited” and Projector setting is “Full” IncorrectWhen PC setting is “Limited” and Projector setting is “Full”No stripesSony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 20174-2-3-2. Adjust BrightnessClick next to show “Brightness Checker”If you can see 6 vertical steps of “Brightness Checker”pattern slightly, Brightness setting is fine.Sony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 2017Check point: black tone4-2-4-4. Click “Finish” to complete Contrast and BrightnessAdjustmentSony CorporationProjector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 20174-2-4. White Balance Adjustment4-2-4-1. Adjust BiasClick next to show “Bias Checker”If the “Bias Checker” image is reddish, decrease the Red Bias.If the “Bias Checker” image is greenish, increase the Red Bias and Blue Bias.If the “Bias Checker” image is bluish, decrease the Blue Bias.“Bias Checker” test pattern4-2-4-2. Adjust GainClick next to show “Bias Checker”If the “Gain Checker” image is reddish, decrease the Red Gain.If the “Gain Checker” image is greenish, increase the Red Gain and Blue Gain.If the “Gain Checker” image is bluish, decrease the Blue Gain.“Gain Checker” test patternSony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05Aug 18th, 2017 4-2-4-3. Check final settingsClick next to show “Full Checker” to check the final result“Full Checker”4-2-4-4. Click “Finish” to complete White BalanceAdjustmentSony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05Aug 18th, 20174-2-5. Reality Creation AdjustmentReality Creation settings are adjusted carefully as adefault, however, if you want to increase or decreaseReality Creation, you can adjust by changingResolution and/or Noise Filtering.See below for images when settings are appropriateand inappropriate.If you want to change the sample photo of testpatterns, select “Test Pattern2” under the photoimage.Appropriate InappropriateWhen Resolution is too highWhen Noise Filtering is too high Click [OK] to close Standard Calibration menuwindowSony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 20174-3. Advanced Calibration Array This advanced mode provides more accurate adjustmentthrough use of an external colorimeter.Following the instructions step by step, you can adjust“Contrast”, “Brightness”, “Gamma”, “White Balance”,“Reality Creation” and “Color Space” at suitablesettings.*Adjustable items vary by projector4-3-1. Set Initial Settings of Calibration4-3-2. PC Dynamic Range Check4-3-3. Contrast and Brightness Adjustment4-3-6. Reality Creation AdjustmentOperations above are same as Standard Calibration inthe section 4-2Sony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 2017Gamma ColorAdjustment finenessTest patternSony CorporationProjector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 20174-3-5. Advanced White Balance Adjustment4-3-5-1. C hoose Target Color Temperature. Note:The target values are different for laser light source models4-3-5-2. Measure “20% Gray” to adjust Bias. Click next to show “Bias Checker”If the “Bias Checker” image is reddish, decrease the Red Bias.If the “Bias Checker” image is greenish, increase the Red Bias and Blue Bias.If the “Bias Checker” image is bluish, decrease the Blue Bias. 20% GraySony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 20174-3-5-3.M easure “80% Gray” to adjust Gain Click next to show “80% Gray”If the “Gain Checker” image is reddish, decrease the Red Gain.If the “Gain Checker” image is greenish, increase the Red Gain and Blue Gain.If the “Gain Checker” image is bluish, decrease the Blue Gain.80% Gray4-3-5-4.Confirm White Balance AdjustmentConfirm the overall white balanceadjustment and click “Finish”Sony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 20174.Click next to show “Green” and then measure x-y values5.Input the measured value for GreenSony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 20176.Click next to show “Blue” and then measure x-y values7.Input the measured value for Blue8.RGB apexes will be automatically adjusted to get desiredsettings.Sony CorporationProjector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 20174-4. Other Functions under [Tools] menu4-4-1. Advanced Color CorrectionYou can adjust Hue, Saturation, and Brightness for Red Green, Blue, Yellow, Magenta, and Cyan.4-4-2. Advanced Panel AlignmentPanel alignment for each zone can be adjusted by the software.Set values for each zone, then transmit.Use [File] – [Export RCMS file] menu to copy adjusted panel alignment settings to your PCUse [File] – [Import RCMS file] menu to import your panel alignment settings to the projector4-4-3. Calibrator Name InputCalibrator name can be input on “Information” page of OSD menu1. Put a calibrator name or any words on “DealerInformation” Ex.) Calibrated by … 2. Click “Write to Pro” after the input3. The name will be displayed on the “Information”page of OSD menu21 Company Software Manual version Issued Date Sony Corporation Projector Calibration Pro Version 0.05 Aug 18th, 2017 3.NoteIf you have any questions, please feel free to contact Sony counter persons in your region.ENDSony Corporation All Rights Reserved ©2017。
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Building a Software Model-Checker
Javier Esparza
Technische Universit¨a t M¨u nchen,Germany
Model-checking techniques are being increasingly applied to software.In this course I will start by introducing jMoped,a tool for the analysis of Java programs.I will then proceed to explain the theory and algorithms behind the tool.
In jMoped we assume that variables have afinite range.I will start by considering the computational complexity of verifying different classes of programs satisfying this constraint.As we shall see,even in this case many verification problems can be undecidable.After choosing a reasonable class of programs,I will introduce a model-checking algorithm based on pushdown automata.Then I will address the problem of data:while variables have afinite range,this range may be large.I will present an approach to this problem based on BDDs and counterexample-based abstraction refinement with interpolants(here there will probably be a significant overlap with Orna Grumberg’s course,but the approach will be a bit different).
The course will be based on the following papers(in the order in which they will be used in the course):
References
1.A.Bouajjani and J.Esparza.Rewriting Models of Boolean Programs.Proceedings of RTA’06,
F.Pfenning(ed.),LNCS4098,pp.136–150,2006.
2.J.Esparza,D.Hansel,P.Rossmanith and S.Schwoon.Efficient Model Checking Algorithms
for Pushdown Systems.Proceedings of CAV’00,E.A.Emerson and A.P.Sistla(eds.),LNCS 1855,pp.232–247,2000.
3.J.Esparza and S.Schwoon.A BBD-Based Model Checker for Recursive Programs.Proceedings
of CAV’01,G.Berry,on,and A.Finkel(eds.),LNCS2102,pp.324–336,2001.
4.J.Esparza,S.Kiefer,and S.Schwoon.Abstraction Refinement with Craig Interpolation and
Symbolic Pushdown Systems.Proceedings of TACAS’06,LNCS3920,489–503,2006.
5.D.Suwimonteerabuth,S.Schwoon and J.Esparza.jMoped:A Java Bytecode Checker Based on
Moped.Proceedings of TACAS’05,N.Halbwachs and L.Zuck(eds.),LNCS3440,pp.541–545, 2005.
The papers are available online at my home page.
14。