计算机英语第三版习题答案
武汉微博教育整理分享计算机英语第三版课后答案(一)新
3．VLSI
4．workstations;mainframes
5．vacuum; transistors
6．instructions; software
7．digit; eight; byte
8．microminiaturization; chip
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
5.开始按钮Start button
6.指定输入区designated input area
7.手写体识别系统handwriting-recognition system
8.字符集character set
Unit 2
Computer Architecture
Section A
I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
4.Generally speaking,Windows Mobileperforms better inentering information andplaying________fileswhilePalm OS offers easier operation, more ________programs, better desktop compatibility, and a stronger e-mail application.(multimedia;third-party)
19．operating instructions操作指令
20．input device输入设备
计算机英语(第3版)课文翻译和课后答案
《计算机英语（第3版）》参考译文第一单元：计算机与计算机科学课文A：计算机概览一、引言计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数字数据进行运算或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。
要不是由于计算机的发展，现代的高科技世界是不可能产生的。
不同类型和大小的计算机在整个社会被用于存储和处理各种数据，从保密政府文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。
计算机通过自动化技术开辟了制造业的新纪元，而且它们也增强了现代通信系统的性能。
在几乎每一个研究和应用技术领域，从构建宇宙模型到产生明天的气象报告，计算机都是必要的工具，并且它们的应用本身就开辟了人们推测的新领域。
数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各样的信息源可供使用。
同样的先进技术也使侵犯个人隐私和商业秘密成为可能。
计算机犯罪已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。
二、历史第一台加法机是法国科学家、数学家和哲学家布莱斯?帕斯卡于1642年设计的，它是数字计算机的先驱。
这个装置使用了一系列带有10个齿的轮子，每个齿代表从0到9的一个数字。
轮子互相连接，从而通过按照正确的齿数向前转动轮子，就可以将数字彼此相加。
17世纪70年代，德国哲学家和数学家戈特弗里德?威廉?莱布尼兹对这台机器进行了改良，设计了一台也能做乘法的机器。
法国发明家约瑟夫―玛丽?雅卡尔，在设计自动织机时，使用了穿孔的薄木板来控制复杂图案的编织。
在19世纪80年代期间，美国统计学家赫尔曼?何勒里斯，想出了使用类似雅卡尔的木板那样的穿孔卡片来处理数据的主意。
通过使用一种将穿孔卡片从电触点上移过的系统，他得以为1890年的美国人口普查汇编统计信息。
1、分析机也是在19世纪，英国数学家和发明家查尔斯?巴比奇，提出了现代数字计算机的原理。
他构想出旨在处理复杂数学题的若干机器，如差分机。
许多历史学家认为，巴比奇及其合伙人，数学家奥古斯塔?埃达?拜伦，是现代数字计算机的真正先驱。
巴比奇的设计之一，分析机，具有现代计算机的许多特征。
“计算机英语教程（第三版）”练习答案及参考
“计算机英语教程（第三版）”练习答案及参考电子工业出版社“计算机英语教程（第三版）”练习答案第1课一、判断正误:1. F,2. F,3. T,4. T,5. T,6. T,7. F,8. T,9. T, 10. T二、根据课文内容填空:1. microprocessor, memory, disk drives, displays and keyboard2. the display screen3. the keyboard4. to store the BIOS instructions and the Configuration Utility program5. 61446. monochrome and color7. hard disk drives and floppy disk drives 或 fixed disk drives anddiskette drives8. letter keys, punctuation keys, a spacebar and function, numeric, andarrow keys9. mouse10. baud rate三、指出下列句中的定语从句，然后把句子译成汉语。
1. where we put our computer我们放计算机的那个房间很大。
2. who are requiring the full color capabilities of the color VGA monitor那些要求彩色显示器具有全彩色性能的用户，将发现本彩色VGA 显示器是完美的选择。
3. why there are heat losses in a steam engine你知道为什么蒸气发动机中会有热量丢失吗？4. which allows electric current to flow easily能让电流容易流过的材料叫导体。
5. whose father works in AAA computer company汤姆就是那个他父亲在AAA计算机公司工作的学生。
计算机英语实用教程第三版课后练习题含答案
计算机英语实用教程第三版课后练习题含答案第一章练习题答案1. What is the difference between a CPU and a GPU?A CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a general-purpose processor that performs tasks that require complex arithmetic and logical operations. A GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), on the other hand, is a specialized processor that is designed to handle tasks that involve highly parallelizable computations, such as those required for rendering graphics.2. What is the difference between RAM and ROM?RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of memory that stores data temporarily while the computer is running. RAM is volatile, meaning that its contents are erased when the computer is turned off. ROM (Read-Only Memory), on the other hand, is a type of memory that stores data permanently, even when the computer is turned off. ROM is non-volatile, meaning that its contents are retned even when there is no power.3. What is the difference between a bit and a byte?A bit is the smallest unit of digital information, represented by a binary digit (0 or 1). A byte, on the other hand, is a unit of digital information that consists of eight bits. Bytes are commonly used to represent characters, such as letters and numbers.4. What is the purpose of an operating system?An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages the resources of a computer, including the CPU, memory, storage, and devices such as printers and displays. The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which applications can run and interact with the hardware without directly accessing the underlying hardware.5. What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?A compiler is a program that translates the source code of a program into executable code that can be run on a specific computer platform. The resulting executable code can be run multiple times without the need for recompilation. An interpreter, on the other hand, is a program that reads and executes source code instructions one at a time. Interpreted code is typically slower than compiled code, but does not require the extra step of compilation before it can be run.第二章练习题答案1. What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN?A LAN (Local Area Network) is a network that connects computers and other devices that are located in the same physical location, such as an office building or a home. A WAN (Wide Area Network), on the other hand, is a network that connects computers and other devices that are located in different physical locations, often separated by vast distances.2. What is a router and how does it work?A router is a device that connects two or more networks together and forwards data between them. Routers use routing tables to determine thebest path for data to take between networks, and use protocols such as TCP/IP to communicate with other devices on the network.3. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are both protocols used for transmitting data over the internet. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, which means that it establishes avirtual circuit between two endpoints over which data can be transmitted. TCP uses error correction and flow control to ensure that data arrivesat its destination correctly and in the correct order. UDP, on the other hand, is a connectionless protocol that does not establish a virtual circuit between endpoints. UDP does not provide error correction or flow control, but is often used in situations where speed and simplicity are more important than reliability.4. What is a DNS server?A DNS (Domn Name System) server is a special type of server that translates domn names into IP addresses. When a user enters a domn name into their web browser, the browser sends a request to a DNS server to find the corresponding IP address for that domn name. The DNS serverthen returns the IP address to the browser, which can then connect tothe website.5. What is a firewall and how does it work?A firewall is a security device that is used to protect a networkfrom unauthorized access. Firewalls can be implemented as hardware or software, and typically work by examining incoming and outgoing network traffic and blocking any traffic that does not meet a set of predefinedrules. Firewalls can be configured to block specific types of traffic, such as traffic from certn IP addresses or traffic that uses a certn protocol. Firewalls can also be configured to allow or deny access to specific network resources based on user or device credentials.。
计算机专业英语全部答案(第三版)
计算机专业英语全部答案(第三版)Unit1EX11 F2 T3 T4 F5 T6 F7 T 8 T 9 T 10FEX2Input hardware, storage hardware, processing hardware, output hardware power, speed, memorycentral processing unitinternal, primary, memorykeyboard, central processing unit, main memory, monitorEX3 PARTA1 F2 D3 G4 C5 B6 A7 E 8 HEX3 PART B1 F2 E3 G4 B5 A6 C7D 8 HEX41 input device2 screen3 manipulates4 instructions5 retrieve6 codes7 hardcopy8 functionEX51 T2 T3 F4 F5 T6 F7 T 8 TUNIT2EX11 T2 F3 T4 F5 T6 F7 T 8 FEX21 sizes, shapes, processing capabilities2 supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, microcomputers3 mainframe computer4 microcomputer, storage locations5 portables, laptop computers, desktop workstations6 semiconductor7 CPU, memory, storage, devices, processing, users8 microprocessor chipEX3 PARTA1 C2 A3 H4 I5 E6 F7 G 8 JEX3 PARTB1 capacity2 device3 laptop computer4 Portable computers5 Silicon6 semiconductor7 workstation8 Voltage, voltage9 RAM10ROMEX41 portable2 access3 main memory4 sophisticated programs5 processing capabilities6 instructions7 computation8 computer professionalEX51 T2 T3 F4 F5 F6 T7 F 8 T 9 T 10T11F 12T 13 T 14 TUNIT3EX11 T2 F3 T4 T5 T6 T7 F 8 F 9 T 10 F11T 12F 13F 14TEX21 microprocessor2 bus3 register 4control unit5 processor6 binary7 arithmetic, logic 8 milliseconds, microseconds9 instruction 10execution 11megahertz 12wordsize EX3 PARTA1 F2 A3 J4 C5 D6 E7 H 8 I 9 B 10GEX3 PARTB1 Storage 2chip3 buses4 ALU5 register 6control unit7 machine language 8 binary system 9 bits 10computer programEX41 configuration2 decodes3 data bus4 characters5 converts6 synchronize7 circuitry8 internal clockEX51 T2 F3 F4 T5 F6 F7 T 8 T 9 F 10 FUNIT4EX11 F2 T3 T4 F5 F6 T7 F 8 T 9 T 10 F11T 12T 13F 14F 15T 16F17T 18F 19T 20F21T 22FEX2memoryRAMdiskettes, diskschipsparityexpanded, extendedmonochromecacheROMupdatedEX3 PART A1 B2 E3 C4 J5 I6 H 7A 8 F 9 G 10DEX3 PART Bsecondary storagebufferaccesscodedisketteslotterminalsmotherboardbytescreenEX4desktopsoftwareanimationtransferredsophisticatedcompatiblecacheupgradeEX51 T2 F3 F4 T5 T6 T7 T8 F9 T 10 F11T 12F 13F 14T 15T 16F17F 18F 19F 20T21T 22TUnit 5Ex1:1 T2 T3 F4 T5 F6 F7 F 8 T 9 T 10 T11F 12T 13F 14F 15T 16T17F 18T 19F 20F21T 22T 23TEX2mail, courierhub, starlocal area networkpacketsEthernetkilobits per second, megabits per second, gigabits per second circuit switchingreassembledinternet protocol, transmission control protocol datagramsframesbinary, decimalEX3 part A1 C2 E3 B4 F5 A6 D7 H 8 GEX3 part Bhubzippeddecimalframebinary numberinternetpacketbandwidthEX4forwardedreassembledare encapsulatedcableburstysubmitare retransmittedprotocolEX5IP addressnotationdotted-decimalcomputer networkbackgroundsharedgeographicprivacyExercise to the Passage for ReadingEX6有意为维修技师使用所留被弃的、丢失的或损坏了的数据都进了数据桶。
计算机英语 第3版 课后习题答案 完整版
Unit 1 Section A（P8）I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1．Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2．input; output3．VLSI4．workstations; mainframes5．vacuum; transistors6．instructions; software7．digit; eight; byte8．microminiaturization; chipII．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1．artificial intelligence 人工智能2．paper-tape reader 纸空阅读机3．optical computer 光学计算机4．neural network 神经网络5．instruction set 指令集6．parallel processing 平行处理7．difference engine 差分机8．versatile logical element 通用逻辑器件9．silicon substrate 硅基10．vacuum tube 真空管（电子管）11．the storage and handling of data 数据的存储与处理12．very large-scale integrated circuit 超大规模集成电路13．central processing unit 中央处理器14．personal computer 个人计算机15．analogue computer 模拟计算机16．digital computer 数字计算机17．general-purpose computer 通用计算机18．processor chip 处理器芯片19．operating instructions 操作指令20．input device 输入设备III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC, introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.Unit 2 Section A（P34）I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1．input; output; storage2．Basic Input Output System3．flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners4．LCD-based5．dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers6．disk drives; memory7．Volatile8．serial; parallelII．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1．Function key 功能键2．voice recognition module 语音识别模块3．touch-sensitive region 触感区，触摸区4．address bus 地址总线5．flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6．dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）7．parallel connection 并行连接8．cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9．video game 电子游戏（港台亦称电玩）10．audio signal 音频信号11．operating system 操作系统12．LCD (liquid crystal display) 液晶显示（器）13．inkjet printer 喷墨打印机14．data bus 数据总线15．serial connection 串行连接16．volatile memory 易失性存储器17．laser printer 激光打印机18．disk drive 磁盘驱动器19．BIOS (Basic Input Output System) 基本输入输出系统20．video display 视频显示器III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:CD-ROM stands for compact disk read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical disks use reflected light. On a CD-ROM disk, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy areas (called “pits”) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disk is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whetherthe area represents a 1 or a 0.Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disk. Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have access only to the data imprinted by the publisher.A single CD-ROM disk can store650 megabytes of data. That is equivalent to 451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disk, the time to retrieve or access the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their access rate.Unit 3 Section A（P57）I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1．artificial; instructions2．low-level; high-level3．low-level4．Machine5．functional; logic6．Statement7．Module8．digitalII．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1．storage register 存储寄存器2．function statement 函数语句3．program statement 程序语句4．object-oriented language 面向对象语言5．assembly language 汇编语言6．intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言7．relational language 关系（型）语言8．artificial language 人造语言9．data declaration 数据声明10．SQL 结构化查询语言11．executable program 可执行程序12．program module 程序模块13．conditional statement 条件语句14．assignment statemen t赋值语句15．logic language 逻辑语言16．machine language 机器语言17．procedural language 过程语言18．programming language 程序设计语言19．run a computer program 运行计算机程序20．computer programmer 计算机程序设计员III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a program known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of system software known as linking loaders combine pieces of assembled code and load them into the machine’s main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of programs to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first step toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming; alongwith them came the need for compilers, programs that translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languages became more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality code in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.Unit 4 Section A（P81）I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1．application; operating2．assemblers3．compiler4．interpreter5．Debugger6．Loop7．device driver8．John von NeumannII．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1．inference engine 推理机2．system call 系统调用3．compiled language 编译语言4．parallel computing 平行计算5．pattern matching 模式匹配6．free memory 空闲内存7．interpreter program 解释程序8．library routine 库程序9．intermediate program 中间程序，过渡程序10．source file 源文件11．interpreted language 解释（性）语言12．device driver 设备驱动程序13．source program 源程序14．debugging program 调试程序15．object code 目标代码16．application program 应用程序17．utility program 实用程序18．logic program 逻辑程序19．ink cartridge 墨盒20．program storage and execution 程序的存储与执行III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languages that people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code.Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source code to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer’s machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can run the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is not in machine language, other programs—such as assemblers, binders (联编程序), linkers (连接程序), and loaders (装入程序)—finish the translation.Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personal computers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produce versions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between manufacturers.Unit 7 Section A（P153）I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1．Telegraph2．dots; dashes3．Media4．point-to-point5．Analog6．Digital7．text-based8．modemII．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1．microwave radio 微波无线电2．digital television 数字电视3．DSL 数字用户线路4．analog transmission 模拟传输5．on-screen pointer 屏幕（触摸屏）上的指示（器）6．computer terminal 计算机终端7．radio telephone 无线电话8．cellular telephone 蜂窝电话（移动电话）9．decentralized network 分散的网络10．wire-based internal network 基于普通网线的内部网络11．fiber-optic cable 光缆12．fax machine 传真机13．wireless communications 无线通信14．point-to-point communications 点对点通信15．modulated electrical impulse 调制电脉冲16．communication(s) satellite 通信卫星17．telegraph key 电报电键18．transmission medium 传输媒体19．cordless telephone 无绳电话20．metal conductor 金属导体III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:Data communications is the process of transmitting and receiving data in an orderly way so the data that arrives at its destination is an accurate duplication of the data that was sent. When data travels a short distance, such as when you send data from your computer to your printer, it is referred to as local communications. When data travels a long distance, the communication is referred to as telecommunications; the prefix “tele” is derived from a Greek word that means “far” or “far off.”The difference between a short distance and a long distance is somewhat arbitrary (武断的). For example, if your computer sends data to a printer in the next room, it is regarded as local communications; if you phone the person in the next room, you are transmitting data over a telecommunications device. However, the same basic communications concepts apply to both local communications and telecommunications.Basic data communications concepts are the building blocks for understanding how data travels on a communications system. These concepts come in handy (派得上用处) when you install, configure, or upgrade a local area network. In addition, these concepts help you set up modems, fax machines, and cellular data transfers.Unit 12 Section A（P272）I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1．employees2．Hackers3．Crackers4．damage; manipulation5．Worm6．software piracy7．access; backup8．PasswordsII．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1．encryption program 加密程序2．deletion command 删除命令3．authorized user 授权的用户4．backup copy 备份的副本5．voltage surge 电涌，浪涌电压6．circuit breaker 断路器7．electronic component 电子器件8．data-entry error 数据输入错误9．electronic break-in 电路中断10．power line 电力线，输电线11．detection program 检测程序12．power source 电源13．destructive computer program 破坏性计算机程序14．computer virus 计算机病毒15．software piracy 软件侵权16．hard-disk drive 硬盘驱动器17．virus checker 病毒检查程序18．primary storage 主存储器19．electronic bulletin board 电子公告板20．surge protector 浪涌电压保护器III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:A virus or other unwelcome surprise can lurk in your computer system for days or months without discovery. A time bomb is a computer program that stays in your system undetected until it is triggered by a certain event in time, such as when the computer system clock reaches a certain date. A time bomb is usually carried by a virus or Trojan horse. For example, the Michelangelo virus contains a time bomb designed to damage files on your hard disk on March 6, the birthday of artist Michelangelo.A logic bomb is a computer program that is triggered by the appearance or disappearance of specific data. For example, suppose a programmer in a large corporation believes that she is on the list of employees to be terminated during the next cost-cutting campaign. Her hostility (敌意) overcomes her ethical (道德的) judgment, and she creates a logic bomb program that checks the payroll (在职人员名单) file every day to make sure her employment status is still active. If the programmer’s status changes to “terminated,” her logic bomb activates a program that destroys data on the computer.A time bomb or logic bomb might do mischief(祸害) in your computer long before the timer goes off. If the bomb contains a virus, it could replicate and spread to other files. Meanwhile, you might send files from your computer to other computers, not knowing that they are infected.。
计算机英语》刘艺_王春生_第三版_课后答案第八章
Unit Eight: Computer NetworksUnit Eight/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. MAN2. open; closed3. bus4. token5. Ethernet6. client/server7. equals; temporary8. networkII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. file server 文件服务器2. carrier sense 载波检测，载波监听3. protocol suite 协议组，协议集4. peer-to-peer model 对等模型5. bus topology network 总线拓扑网络6. inter-machine cooperation 机器间合作，计算机间合作7. Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协议集8. proprietary network 专有网络9. utility package 实用软件包，公用程序包10. star network 星形网络11. 局域网local area network (LAN)12. 令牌环token ring13. 无线网络wireless network14. 封闭式网络closed network15. 环形拓扑结构ring topology16. 客户机/服务器模型client/server model17. 网络应用程序network application18. 进程间通信interprocess communication19. 打印服务器print server20. 广域网wide area network (WAN)III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:Computers can communicate with other computers through a series of connections and associated hardware called a network. The advantage of a network is that data can be exchanged rapidly, and software and hardware resources, such as hard-disk space or printers, can be shared. Networks also allow remote use of a computer by a user who cannot physically access the computer.One type of network, a local area network (LAN), consists of several PCs or workstations connected to a special computer called a server, often within the same building or office complex. The server stores and manages programs and data. A server often contains all of a networked group’s data and enables LAN workstations or PCs to be set up without largestorage capabilities. In this scenario (方案), each PC may have “local”memory (for example, a hard drive) specific to itself, but the bulk of storage resides on the server. This reduces the cost of the workstation or PC because less expensive computers can be purchased, and it simplifies the maintenance of software because the software resides only on the server rather than on each individual workstation or PC.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:在计算机科学中，网络是指由通信设备连接在一起的一组计算机及其相关设备。
武汉微博教育整理分享—计算机英语第三版课后答案(二)
武汉微博教育整理分享—计算机英语第三版课后答案（二）课后答案Unit 4 Computer Language and ProgrammingSection A I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1．artificial; instructions2．low-level; high-level3．low-level4．Machine5．functional; logic6．Statement7．Module8．digitalII．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese andvice versa:1．storage register 存储寄存器2．function statement 函数语句3．program statement 程序语句4．object-oriented language 面向对象语言5．assembly language 汇编语言6．intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言7．relational language 关系（型）语言8．artificial language 人造语言9．data declaration 数据声明10．SQL 结构化查询语言11．executable program 可执行程序12．program module 程序模块13．conditional statement 条件语句14．assignment statemen t赋值语句15．logic language 逻辑语言16．machine language 机器语言17．functional language 函数式语言18．programming language 程序设计语言19．run a computer program 运行计算机程序20．computer programme r 计算机程序设计员III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a program known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of system software known as linking loaders combine pieces of assembled code and load them into the machine’s main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of programs to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first step toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers, programs that translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languages became more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that createhigh-quality code in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.IV．Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.One especially powerful feature of OOP (object-oriented programming) languages is a property which is known as inheritance. Inheritance allows an object to take on the characteristics and functions of other objects to which it is functionally connected. Programmers connect objects by grouping them together in different classes and by grouping the classes into hierarchies. These classes and hierarchies allow programmers to define the characteristics and functions of objects without needing to repeat source code, the coded instructions in a program. Thus, using OOP languages can greatly reduce the time it takes for a programmer to write an application, and also reduce the size of the program. OOP languages are flexible and adaptable, so programs or parts of programs can be used for more than one task. Programs written with OOP languages are generally shorter in length and contain fewer bugs (缺陷), ormistakes, than those written with non-OOP languages.面向对象程序设计语言的一个特别强大的功能，是称为继承的特性。
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计算机英语（第三版）刘艺王春生主编课后习题答案Unit One/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2. input; output3. VLSI4. workstations; mainframes5. vacuum; transistors6. instructions; software7. digit; eight; byte8. microminiaturization; chipII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3. optical computer 光计算机4. neural network 神经网络5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 并行处理7. difference engine 差分机8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9. silicon substrate 硅衬底10. vacuum tube 真空管11. 数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data12. 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit13. 中央处理器central processing unit14. 个人计算机personal computer15. 模拟计算机analogue computer16. 数字计算机digital computer17. 通用计算机general-purpose computer18. 处理器芯片processor chip19. 操作指令operating instructions20. 输入设备input deviceIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in theearly 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。
语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。
虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。
人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行操作的计算。
这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。
科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。
还有一些限制与甚至最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。
Unit One/Section BI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. experimentation2. interfacing3. interdisciplinary4. microprocessorII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial neural network 人工神经网络2. computer architecture 计算机体系结构3. robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序4. human-computer interface 人机接口5. knowledge representation 知识表示6. 数值分析numerical analysis7. 程序设计环境programming environment8. 数据结构data structure9. 存储和检索信息store and retrieve information10. 虚拟现实virtual realityUnit One/Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. format2. synchronization3. virtual4. multimedia; third-partyII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. data field 数据字段，数据域2. learning curve 学习曲线3. third-party solution 第三方解决方案4. Windows Media Player Windows媒体播放器5. 开始按钮Start button6. 指定输入区designated input area7. 手写体识别系统handwriting-recognition system8. 字符集character setUnit Two: Computer ArchitectureUnit Two/Section AI．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. input; output; storage2. Basic Input/Output System3. flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners4. LCD-based5. dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers6. disk drives; memory7. volatile8. serial; parallelII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. function key 功能键，操作键2. voice recognition module 语音识别模块3. touch-sensitive region 触敏区4. address bus 地址总线5. flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6. dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）7. parallel connection 并行连接8. cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9. video game 电子游戏10. audio signal 音频信号11. 操作系统operating system12. 液晶显示（器）LCD (liquid crystal display)13. 喷墨打印机inkjet printer14. 数据总线data bus15. 串行连接serial connection16. 易失性存储器volatile memory17. 激光打印机laser printer18. 磁盘驱动器disk drive19. 基本输入/输出系统BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)20. 视频显示器video displayIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks,which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical discs use reflected light. On a CD-ROM disc, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy (高低不平的) areas (called“pits”) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1 or a 0.Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disc.Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have access only to the data imprinted (压印) by the publisher.A single CD-ROM disc can store 650 megabytes (兆字节) of data. That is equivalent to451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disc, the time to retrieve or accessthe information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their access rate.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。