social study
学术英语(社科)-Uint-4含答案全面.ppt
精心整理
Unit 4
The Study of Society and People
• Text A – Critical reading and thinking – Difficult sentences – English language for academic purpose
• Specialized vocabulary • Collocations • Formal and informal English • Signpost language
2 Sociologists study s_o_c_ia_l_p_a_t_te_r_n_s_t_h_a_t _m_a_n_y__p_e_o_p_le__sh_a_r_e_, look for r_o_o_t_c_a_u_s_e_s_o_f_s_u_c_h_s_o_c_i_a_l _p_a_tt_e_rn_s__in_t_h_e_w__a_y_s_o_c_ie_t_y_i_s_ _or_g_a_n_iz_e_d__a_n_d_g_o_v_e_r_n_e_d_.
Text Analysis
How do the authors develop the text?
2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature& objectives, content, and functions.
→ Falling in love is an experience arising from universal human
emotions.
精心整理
Unit 4
The Study of Society and People
社会工作专业英语的专业词汇（打印版）
●社会工作：social work●社会工作者：social worker●案主：client●个案社会工作：social case work●团体社会工作：social group/team work●社区社会工作：social community work●社会工作导论：The introduction of socialwork●社会工作实务：social work practice●做好事的人：do-gooders●社会福利：social welfare●人类行为的生态学模式：Ecologicalmodel of human behavior●人类行为的医学模式：Medical Model ofHuman Behavior●人格紊乱：personality disorders●客观事实：objective facts●主观感受：subjective feelings●问题觉醒：problem awareness●家庭暴力：domestic violence●老年人虐待elder abuse●遗弃：abandonment●忽视：neglect●吸毒：addiction disorders●社会学概论：Introduction to Sociololgy●社会问题：social issues●社会调查：social research●弱势群体：Vulnerable groups●/a disadvantaged minority●独身子女：the only child●单亲家庭：a single parent family农民工：migrant workers●社会排斥：social exclusion●社会融合：social integration●社会救助：social assistance●功能主义：functionalist perspective●镜中我：looking-glass self●机械团结:mechanical solidarity●越轨：delinquency●矫治：Correction●社会调查的理论与方法Theories &Methods for Social Investigation●社会调查方法Methods for SocialInvestigation●社会工作Social Work●社会统计分析与SYSTA T应用SocialStatistics Analysis & SYSTA T Application ●社会统计学Social Statistics●社会问题研究Research on SocialProblems●社会心理学Social Psychology●社会学概论Introduction to Sociololgy●社会学简论Brief Introduction toSociology●社会学理论专题Current Issues inTheories of Socilolgy●社会学问题研究Research on Problemsof Sociology●社会学研究方法Research Methods ofSociology●社会主义财政学Finance of Socialism●社会主义各国政，经体制讨论Discussionon Political & Economic Systems inSocialism●社会学Sociology●社会工作者Social worker●案主Client●社会问题Social problem●社会心理Social mental state●社会调查The society investigates●个案社会工作Social cases work●团体社会工作Social group work●社区社会工作social Community work ●社工导论The introdution of social work ●社会调查应用the application forsociety investigates●家庭暴力Domestic violence●失恋Disappoint in love●人在情境中Person in situation●弱势群体disadvantaged groups●社会保障social security●社会福利制度the social welfare system ●社会公德social morality●单亲家庭single parent family●独生子女the only child●失业率rate of unemployment●民工the imigrant worker●社会学概论Introduction to Sociology●社会工作概论Introduction to SocialWork●社会心理学Social Psychology●国外社会学学说Sociological Theories inthe West●社会调查与研究方法Social Survey &Research Method●社会统计与计算机应用Social Statisticsand Application of Computer●马克思主义社会学经典著作选读Selected Readings of Marxist-LeninistClassics●社会保障与社会福利Social Security &Social Welfare●当代社会学理论Modern SociologicalTheories●社会政策Social Policy●文化人类学Cultural Anthropology●中国社会思想史History of SocialTheories in China●人口社会学Sociology of Population●农村社会学Rural Sociology●城市社会学Urban Sociology●家庭社会学Sociology of Family●发展社会学Sociology of Development ●经济社会学Economic Sociology●组织社会学Sociology of Organization ●专业英语English for Sociology●社会学专题讲座Issues of Sociology●民俗学Folklore Studies●文化社会学Cultural Sociology●宗教社会学Sociology of Religion●教育社会学Sociology of Education●越轨与犯罪社会学Sociology ofDeviance & Crime●当代社会的生活文化Life Style inCurrent Society●西方社会思想史History of WesternSocial Thought●社会问题Social Problems●社会分层与社会流动SocialStratification & Mobility●科学社会学Sociology of Education●社会项目评估和统计指标StatisticalIndexes & uation of Social Projects●文化社会学Cultural Sociology●历史社会学Historical Sociology●政治社会学Political Sociology●法律社会学Sociology of Law●环境社会学Sociology of Environment●劳动社会学Sociology of Labor●公共关系Public Relations●团体工作Group Work●社区工作Community Work●社会工作实习Practice of Social Work●社会行政Social Administration●数据分析技术Statistical Package &Applications for the Social Sciences●贫困与发展Poverty and Development●社会性别研究Gender Studies●家庭社会工作Family Social Work●临床社会工作Clinical Social Work●社会立法Social lagislation●老年社会工作Gerontological SocialWork●青少年越轨与矫治Juvenile Delinquency& Correction●社区服务Community Services●心理咨询Psychological Counseling●整合社会工作实务Integrative SocialWork Practice●社会工作专业英语English for SocialWork●保险与信托Insurance and Entrustment●教学实习Teaching Practice●管理学Management Theory●Administration 行政●Basic assumptions and principles of ~ 行政的基本假定与原则●Collaboration in 行政工作的合并●In community organization 社区组织中的行政●●Interagency coopration 行政的重要性●Adolescents 青少年●Drug abuse and 吸毒与青少年community organization 社区组织community resources 社区资源confidentiality 保密consultation 咨询Day care centers 日间照料中心Family counseling 家庭辅导Fieldwork/n./野战工事, 野外工作, 实地调查Professional identification 专业认同Inner and outer forces paradigm 内外影响力范式Group work 小组工作Menber preparation for 小组工作中的成员准备Menber selection in 小组工作中的成员选择Methadone maintenance 美沙酮疗法Mezzo systems 中观系同Micro systems 微观系统Code of ethics 伦理守则Corrections andDiplomate exam 社会工作师资格考试Person-in-environment 人在环境中②I am a social worker, I have faith because I am here to help them help themselves and to help others help one another.我是一名社会工作者。
社会认同理论（Socialidentitytheory）
社会认同理论（Social identity theory）This classic social psychology study shows that people can form groups only with a little excuse, and begin to discriminate against other people who don't belong to this group.The behavior of people in groups is always fascinating and often annoying. Once people formed groups, we began to do strange things: imitation of other members of the group behavior, biased in their group members, looking for someone to pay homage, and against other groups of leaders. Just look at Sherif's Robbers Cave experiment and find out how easy it is to provoke conflicts between different groups.But look at the different types of groups you belong to, and you'll see that there's a big difference between them. Some groups are more like soldiers of the same combat force, who have known each other since they were young. The relationship lasts for a long time, and the members protect each other. Perhaps it is not surprising that people in this group have radically changed their behavior and defended their compatriots in many ways.Other groups, however, are not so close. For example, supporters of a sports club, or only a few months together to study the same topic of colleagues, even in a gallery appreciate the same painting of a group of people.Within any range of attention, it seems impossible for us to think that only 30 seconds of people standing in front of the same painting formed a group. Doesn't that seem too fleeting? That's exactly what social psychologist Henry Tajfel and hiscolleagues are going to answer.They believe that a group and the prejudices that follow it may take place in a very short time. In fact, they believe that even if there is no face-to-face communication between members, mutual understanding of each other, and their group behavior has no actual influence, there is likely to be a group. In other words, they have the form from this group had absolutely nothing to gain.Form a group of the most weak group concept"Tajfel and his colleagues came up with a simple and effective solution to prove their ideas. Some 14, 15 year old boys were taken into the lab as subjects and watched slides of Klee and Kandinsky's two paintings. They were told that the experimenter would divide them into two groups based on their preference for the paintings.Of course, this is a lie to produce the concept of "we" and "they" in their minds. The experimenters hope that these two groups of children have little or no idea about who and what they are, what they mean, or what they have.After the arrangements, the children were brought into a cubicle individually. Then each person was asked to distribute virtual money to other members of the two group. They know the information only about which group the boys belong to, and the code that belongs to that person.To find out which children are more inclined to be between theirown group and the other's group, the experimenter designed a series of rules. In some other trials, the rules were slightly altered to verify some other theories. Are these children distributing virtual money?:Fair?In order to gain the maximum common interest?In order to maximize the benefits of this group?In order to get the biggest gap between the two groups?Biased? This includes the combination of the maximum group benefit and the maximum gap between the two groups.A surprising discoveryAccording to the children's distribution of virtual money, the subjects did demonstrate the typical behavioral boundaries between groups: they were more likely to be peers than their counterparts in other groups. In many other trials, this pattern continues to evolve and has been replicated in other experiments. If you can believe it,In these experiments, the concept of group is even more weak.When I first saw this experiment, my first reaction was that it was so amazing. You know, those kids don't know who is in the same group, and who's in the other group. But one of the most puzzling things about the experiment is that these kidsdon't get any benefit from favouring themselves - nothing seems to affect their decisions.In the real world, there's a good reason to be partial to your group - in general, it's good for you too. You protect yourself by protecting someone else like you.Social identity theory (Social Identity Theory)But Tajfel thinks there's something about the boys' decision. It's a very subtle and profound thing.Tajfel believes that people are based on the identity of their own group. For example, think about who you belong to, for example, at work, or in your family. Your own identity is, in a sense, defined by these groups. In other words, the nature of your group determines your identity.In view of this statement, we want to become a high status, good image of a group of people will be normal. But the key point is that the level of status can be seen in comparison. That is to say, knowing that one's own group is superior to others requires another group of people who can look down on us.So, according to the social identity theory, the boys in the experiment do have the reason to be selfish when they allocate virtual money. It's all about raising your identity by making your group look better.criticismNo experiment can, or should, remain on its surface value. We have to ask if it really confirms the theory that the author claims it confirms. This experiment and its explanation are often criticized by two kinds.1. the behavior of the subjects can be explained by economic egoism. But in another experiment, the dummy currency was changed into a symbol, and the result was still the same.The 2. participants responded only to what they thought the experimenter wanted them to respond to. (psychologists call it "need characteristic"). But Tajfel thought the subjects didn't know what the experimenter wanted. In retrospect, the rules for distributing virtual money often change. What's more, the experimenter encouraged the participants to think about choosing which painter they liked (the first part), and there was no connection between the distribution of virtual money (the second part experiment).Despite these criticisms, Tajfel and colleagues' discovery has been tested by time. The experiments and similar experiments were repeated many times after changing the experimental variables, and the results were almost unchanged.Centrality of group membersThe theory of social identity shows that our identity is shaped by the group we belong to. The result is that we purposefully improve the relative image and status of our group and other groups.Tajfel and colleagues' experiments show that our subordinate groups are so important to ourselves that we can join the most short-lived group with little incentive. And then we spontaneously make the group that we belong to seem better than others.The importance of our communities to us, and the fact that we often unconsciously join different groups, are subtle and profound observations of human nature.。
简评班杜拉的社会学习理论
唐卫海杨孟萍社会学习理论是本世纪６０年代兴起的一种理论。
它的创始人是美国新行为主义心理学家阿伯特·班杜拉（Albert.Bandura１９２５—）。
班杜拉于１９５２年获得博士学位。
由于他的创造性研究工作使他在心理学界树立了很高的声望。
１９７４年他当选为美国心理学会的主席。
他于１９７７年出版的《社会学习心理学》（Social Learning Theory）一书，是社会学习理论及其研究成果的一本总结性的著作。
从这部著作中，不仅可以看到他的理论的基本观点、主要研究成果，而且也可以看出其理论思想的形成过程。
一、社会学习理论二、社会学习理论是阐明人怎样在社会环境中学习，从而形成和发展他的个性的理论。
社会学习是个体为满足社会需要而掌握社会知识、经验和行为规范以及技能的过程。
班杜拉将社会学习分为直接学习和观察学习两种形式。
直接学习是个体对刺激做出反应并受到强化而完成的学习过程。
其学习模式是刺激—反应—强化，离开学习者本身对刺激的反应及其所受到的强化，学习就不能产生；观察学习是指个体通过观察榜样在处理刺激时的反应及其受到的强化而完成学习的过程。
如果人们只通过第一种方式进行学习，那是非常缓慢而费力的，有时还要付出很大代价。
幸好，人类可以通过观察榜样进行学习，实际上人类的大部分行为是通过观察学习而获得的。
正因为人类具有观察学习的能力，所以人们才能不依靠尝试错误一点一点地掌握复杂的行为，而很快地学到大量的复杂的行为模式。
由此可以看出，观察学习在人类学习中占有十分重要的地位，尤其在青少年儿童的学习中，观察学习的地位就更为重要。
因此，班杜拉对观察学习进行了比较系统的研究，积累了较丰富的实证资料。
他的社会学习理论是以观察学习为核心而建立的。
二、社会学习中的观察学习（一）观察学习的实验研究班杜拉以儿童的外部行为作为研究的出发点，通过一系列实验对儿童的社会学习行为做了大量的研究。
下面介绍班杜拉关于观察学习的两个经典实验。
高二英语阅读理解试题及答案优选份
高二英语阅读理解试题及答案优选份高二英语阅读理解试题及答案 1高二英语阅读理解试题及答案A 1987 survey was given to 5,000 high school seniors. ____1____ Students in Boston were questioned. One-third of them could not name six New England states. Students in Baltimore were questioned. Half could not shade in the United States on a map. Here is what another survey showed. Students did not know history. Most did not know the dates of the American Civil War. Many did not know World War II leaders.Someone asked this question. ____2____ Their answer: Social studies was not important. They said it was the least important of their studies.What is social studies? It is the study of individuals. It is the study of groups. It is the study of societies. Social studies covers many fields. You have read about history and geography. These are part of social studies. ____3____ Let's say you study the way people live together in groups. This is an area of social studies. So is learning about very early people. So is studying government.Is social studies important? Early Americans thought so. Students then learned history and civics (公民学). This was to make them good citizens. A report from 1916 set a new goal. It said, “The social studies shouldcultivate a sense of membership in the world munity." The world munity is very large. ____4____ We have radio and TV. We have phones. We have puters.Social studies helps us understand the world's people. It helps us learn about groups and societies. ____5____ We all need to be good world citizens. (304)A. It covers many other areas as well.B. But today it is easy to share ideas in it.C. What did students think of social studies?D. It showed that they did not know geography.E. Why did students consider the social studies less important?F. The 1916 goal was important then, and it is even more important now.G. Therefore, we must try to persuade young people to pay more attention to social studies.答案:1. D2. C3. A4. B5. F高二英语阅读理解试题及答案Some people believe that international sports create goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international petitions encourage false national pride and lead tomisunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments. ____1____ Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused mainly by minor national petitions.One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation (愤慨) after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the loser's objection to the final decisions. ____2____ Their manager was very angry and he said, "This wasn't hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished." The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension (停赛) of the team for at least three years.____3____ The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. ____4____ The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.____5____ The suggestion that athletes should pete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympic there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism (爱国主义). (370)A. It is believed that athletes e to the Olympic Games to pete for theircountries.B. Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played petitively rather than for the love of the game.C. An appeal jury discussed the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand.D. They were sure that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents' victory was unfair.E. So judges were probably the result of the conflicts between the teams from different countries in Olympic ball games.F. But in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood.G. The American basketball team announced that they would not give up first place of Russia, after a disputable end to their petition.答案:1. F2. D.3. G4. C5. B高二英语阅读理解试题及答案Ali is from a Middle Eastern country. He now stays in the USA. He smokes a lot of cigarettes every day. He has smoked for nine years. Ali says, " I tried to quit (放弃) smoking in my hometown, but it was impossible. My parents smoke. My brothers smoke. All my friends smoke. At parties and at meetings, almost all the men smoke. Here in the United States, not as many people smoke. ____1____ "Many smokers are like Ali: they want to stop smoking. ____2____ They know it can cause cancer and heart disease. But it is difficult for them to give up smoking because cigarettes have a drug in them. The drug is nicotine. People who smoke a lot need nicotine.____3____ The nicotine makes him sick. In a few days, the smoker's body is used to the nicotine, and he feels fine. Later, the smoker needs nicotine to keep feeling fine. Without nicotine, he feels bad.____4____ Many people who quit will soon smoke again. At a party or at work they will decide to smoke "just one" cigarette. Then they will smoke another cigarette, and another. Soon they e smokers again.____5____ (240)A. It is very hard to quit smoking.B. It will be easier to change the smoking habit here.C. Thus nicotine makes smokers addicted to cigarettes.D. The smokers know that smoking is bad for their health.E. When a person first begins to smoke, he usually feels terrible.F. Maybe there is only one easy way to quit smoking: never start.G. But it is said that medicine is needed to stop them from smoking.答案:1. B2. D3. E4. A5. F。
社会学专题 Sociology Topics 外国学生英语作文
Sociology Topics>Essay on Sociology Topics:We are always interested to know what strikes another human being as remarkable. So sometimes we want to wish to read people’s minds. By sociological assessments, we can examine their behaviour.Sociology is fulfilled with various topics and theories. These refer to social behavior, society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture surrounding everyday life. This is a great deal of debate over how the current phaseof globalization can be defined or delimited by sociological topics.Long and Short Essays on Sociology Topics for Students and Kids in EnglishWe provide students with essay samples on a long essay of 500 words and a short essay of 150 words on the topic ‘Sociology Essay Topics’ for reference.Long Essay on Sociology Topics 500 Words in EnglishLong Essay on Sociology Topics is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.When sociologists begin to ask questions, there is no topic that has off-limits. Sociology is the study of social behaviour and human groups. The word sociology is made from Latin: socius, which means, ’companion; and the suffix -ology, from Greek, which means ‘the study of,’ logos, ‘knowledge.’Auguste Comte first used the term sociology in the 1830s when he proposed a synthetic science uniting all knowledge about humanactivity. This French philosopher was known as the founder of sociology and positivism.There are so many topics in sociology. The most important topic for generation is youth culture. Youth culture refers to the cultural practice of individuals of this age group through which they express their identities and exhibit their experience of belonging to a precise group of young people. Youth culture was developed rapidly during the 1960s, specifically in the USA.The second popular topic is wealth and poverty. Sociologists see this as a social circumstance of societies with an unequal and inequitabledistribution of profits and wealth, of the de-industrialization of Western societies, and the exploitative outcomes of capitalism.Sexuality is now a popular term for people. Sexuality describes sexual identity, attraction, and experiences which may or may not align with sex and gender. There are four components of sexual identity: biological sex, gender identity, social sex-role, and sexual orientation.Feminist theory is the one of a popular topic which we are now known about. It is an extensive portion of feminism into theoretical,fictional, or philosophical discourse. It helps to understand the nature of gender inequality.Recently Black lives matter was trending on Twitter. The racism for sociology is the study of the relationship between racism, racial discrimination, and racial inequality.Other than that, Ethnicity is a term that describes shared culture—the practices, values, and beliefs of a group. This might include shared language, religion, and traditions, among other commonalities.The very scratches of sociological theories are to understand the social world in its many forms. And this is a very tough portion of sociology.The sociologist or who is researching any topic on social science collects information about social phenomena or behaviour. Mostly they used to live with the people for some time and participate in their activities to know and feel their culture. They take interviews, collect data, and inputs from a set of persons chosen randomly. These survey items may be open-ended or closed-ended. In India, the solution to extreme poverty requires from the sociologistsprimarily an investigation of the facts such research undoubtedly influence social policy.One of the most important topic and one of the greatest sociology opportunities is making scientific inquiries into the questions of social concern. Sociology makes a reader up-to-date on various social predicaments. This is the most popular major subject of academic sessions.For sociology, we can think about social problems like divorce, poverty, unemployment from another perspective. Because of sociology, social media platforms disintermediatecommunication, make people more visible, and encourage public life to be measured.Short Essay on Sociology Topics 150 Words in EnglishShort Essay on Sociology Topics is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.Sociology emerged as a self-discipline in the 19th century as an academic response to the undertaking of modernization. The French philosopher Auguste Comte first came with the term “Sociology.”Statuses, roles, social networks, groups and organizations, and social institutions are the major components of sociology.The most popular sociological topic is sexuality. Sexuality describes sexual identity, attraction, and experiences which may or may not align with sex and gender. In the other hand Poverty, Feminism, Racism, Youth Culture now a very serious issue all over the world.Technology continues to provide new approaches to meet people’s needs, and social media is now not different. In the latest years, social media has created a completely new areafor sociological research and mass media. Social media affords a new avenue for human interaction.These sociological topics direct help in how the parts of society fit collectively and exchange and makes us conscious of the consequences of that social change.10 Lines on Sociology Topics in English1. Sociology is the study of human behaviour.2. Who research about sociology is called a sociologist. 3 French philosopher Auguste Comte is known as the founder of sociology andof positivism. 4. A social fact consists of collective thoughts and shared expectations that influence individual actions. 5. Sociology helps us view more objectively at our society and other societies. 6. Sociological research can have three distinct goals: description, explanation, and prediction. 7. Sociology helps us to think about many social problems like Obesity, Racism, Youth Alcohol Usage. 8. Most popular example of sociological imagination is unemployment. 9. Sociological researches are mainly based on surveys and interviews in a community. 10. Social media has created an entirely new area for sociological research.FAQ’s on Sociology Topics EssayQuestion 1.Is poverty a social problem?Answer:Poverty is an important social problem in virtually every society.Question 2.Is social media a social fact?Answer:All media and all softwares are social because they are products of social processes.Question 3.What is gender roles in sociology?Answer:Gender roles refer to the set of social and behavioral norms that are considered to be socially appropriate for persons of a specific sex.Question 4.Who came up with sociological imagination?Answer:American sociologist C. Wright Mills coined The term “sociological imagination.” in his 1959 book ‘The Sociological Imagination.’。
济南2024年03版小学6年级下册第三次英语第6单元测验卷[有答案]
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济南2024年03版小学6年级下册英语第6单元测验卷[有答案]考试时间：80分钟（总分:100）A卷一、综合题(共计100题)1、填空题：The ______ (物种) diversity is crucial for a healthy ecosystem.2、填空题：The _____ (火烈鸟) is pink and stands on one leg.3、How many hours are there in a day?A. 12B. 24C. 36D. 48答案：B4、填空题：The ______ (阳光照射) plays a role in photosynthesis.5、填空题：I want to _______ (学会) playing the piano.6、What is 20 + 30?a. 40b. 50c. 60d. 70答案:b7、听力题：The Earth’s ______ is responsible for its magnetic f ield.8、What do you call a person who repairs computers?A. TechnicianB. EngineerC. BuilderD. Designer答案:A9、What is the capital of Russia?A. St. PetersburgB. MoscowC. KievD. Minsk答案: B10、听力题：We have a _____ (活动) for Earth Day.11、What is the name of the famous rock band known for hits like "Hey Jude"?A. The Rolling StonesB. The BeatlesC. QueenD. Pink Floyd答案：B12、填空题：I have a toy _____ that can dance.13、听力题：The capital of Senegal is __________.14、听力题：Saltwater is an example of a ______.15、填空题：We have a ______ (愉快的) celebration for achievements.16、填空题：The ancient Egyptians created beautiful _____ for their gods.17、What do we call the melting of snow and ice?A. PrecipitationB. EvaporationC. RunoffD. Thawing答案:D18、填空题：A __________ day is perfect for going to the zoo. (温暖的)19、听力题：A reaction that produces a gas and a solid is called a ______ reaction.20、填空题：The _______ (Peasants’ Revolt) occurred in England in 1381.21、填空题：The ______ (鲸鱼) is known for its size and beauty.22、听力题：The chemical symbol for technetium is ______.23、填空题：Birds can ______ (飞) in the sky.24、听力题：Space exploration began in the ______ century.25、填空题：My uncle is a __________ (音乐家).26、听力题：My dad likes to go on ____ (hiking) trips.27、填空题：________ (果醋) is made from fruit.28、填空题：I enjoy playing ________ (棋类) with my friends.29、听力题：A solution is a mixture where one substance ______ in another.30、What do we call the act of trying out new things?A. ExperimentingB. TestingC. SamplingD. All of the Above答案：D31、What is the term for a person who studies the oceans?A. OceanographerB. Marine BiologistC. GeologistD. Environmentalist答案:A32、What do you call a person who works with wood?A. CarpenterB. ElectricianC. PlumberD. Mason答案: A33、What is the capital of Italy?A. RomeB. VeniceC. FlorenceD. Milan答案: A. Rome34、What do we call the effect of the Earth's rotation on weather patterns?A. Coriolis EffectB. Trade WindsC. Jet StreamD. Ocean Currents35、听力题：The ________ (strategy) guides our actions.36、What is the main ingredient in salad?A. MeatB. VegetablesC. FruitsD. Grains答案：B37、What do we call a group of dolphins?A. SchoolB. PodC. FlockD. Colony答案:B. Pod38、听力题：A _______ is a large area of land that is covered with trees.39、听力题：In chemistry, we use ______ to represent elements.40、What is the color of milk?A. WhiteB. YellowC. BlueD. Green41、What is the main ingredient in a Caesar salad?A. LettuceB. SpinachC. KaleD. Arugula答案:A. Lettuce42、Which of these is a primary color?A. PurpleB. GreenC. BlueD. Orange答案:C43、What color is a ripe strawberry?A. BlueB. YellowC. RedD. Green答案:C44、What is the opposite of ‘easy’?A. SimpleB. DifficultC. HardD. Challenging45、听力题：The ______ helps us learn about social studies.46、选择题：What is 8 + 2?A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 1347、填空题：I enjoy making ______ (贺卡) for my friends on their birthdays. It’s a personal touch they appreciate.What do we call the time of year when it’s very cold?A. SpringB. SummerC. WinterD. Autumn49、听力题：The __________ is essential for protecting water sources.50、听力题：My ______ is an expert in technology.51、What is the name of the fairy tale character who had a magic mirror?A. CinderellaB. Snow WhiteC. RapunzelD. Belle52、听力题：The snowman has a ______ (carrot) nose.53、填空题：I love to have tea parties with my ________ (玩具名) and pretend we are all friends.54、填空题：The _____ (水果收成) happens in late summer.55、听力题：My brother likes to play _____ (basketball/football).56、听力题：She is good at ______. (dancing)57、填空题：A _____ (小马) can be very gentle around children.58、What is the capital city of El Salvador?A. San SalvadorB. Santa AnaC. San MiguelD. Sonsonate59、听力题：A __________ is a small furry animal that often lives in burrows.The Age of Exploration began in the _______ century.61、填空题：I want to help protect the _______ (环境). It’s important for future _______ (世代).62、听力题：A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of ______.63、听力题：The chemical formula for magnesium sulfate is ______.64、What do we call a young deer?A. FawnB. CalfC. KidD. Pony65、What is the main gas in the atmosphere?A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. Carbon DioxideD. Hydrogen答案：B66、填空题：The discovery of ________ led to significant advances in medicine.67、填空题：I enjoy doing puzzles and brain teasers to challenge my ________ (思维).68、填空题：The ______ (金鱼) swims in circles, looking for food.69、听力题：He plays _____ (football/basketball) on the team.70、填空题：A _____ (植物园) showcases different species.71、听力题：My uncle is very ________.72、填空题：I enjoy visiting the __________ with my family. (博物馆)My friend has a ___ (小宠物), which is a cute rabbit.74、What is the name of the famous scientist known for his work on gravity?A. Isaac NewtonB. Albert EinsteinC. Galileo GalileiD. Johannes Kepler答案: A75、填空题：A _____ is a piece of land that juts out into the sea.76、ts are ________ (药用) and help heal. 填空题：Some pla77、Which animal is known for its ability to change color?A. ChameleonB. ElephantC. GiraffeD. Zebra78、填空题：Understanding the role of plants in our environment is crucial for ______. (了解植物在环境中的作用对保护至关重要。
社会学 Sociology 外国学生英语作文
Sociology>Sociology Essay:Sociology is a subject that covers vast sub-topics under it. The study of the society, the social changes, social lives and social causes is what is known as sociology. The word sociology has been derived from a Latin and Greek word. In layman terms, sociology means understanding human behaviour.Auguste Comte, a French philosopher, is known as the Father of Sociology. The study of society has become an integral part of our lives andcannot be escaped. Sociology is important to understand why society functions the way it does and the relationships within it.Long and Short Essays on Euthanasian for Students and Kids in EnglishWe are providing the student with essay samples on long argumentative essay of 500 words and a short argumentative essay of 150 words on the topic of Sociology for reference.Long Essay on Euthanasia 500 Words in EnglishLong Essay on Euthanasia is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.Sociology, to be put simply is the study of society, but once we go a little in-depth, it is not just that. Sociology covers the study of social lives, social causes and social changes. Sociology also means an understanding of human behaviour. Sociology stands amongst the sciences and falls under the category of general science. It is called a science as it involves the process of observation, verification and investigation. Sociology being a hybrid word, has been derived from the Greek and Latinwords. The word has been derived from the words ‘socius’ meaning compa nion and the suffix ‘-logy’ meaning ‘the study of’.Sociology is an extremely enlightening field of study, both on personal levels and communal levels. Social consequences and social causes of romantic love, family conflicts, racial and gender identity, religious faith, etc. are discussed in personal fields of sociology. Matters like poverty, wealth, law, crime, education, etc. are the topics that are discussed in the levels of societal sociology.A French philosopher, August Comte, established the sociological studies and established it as a medium of study. Hence, he is called the ‘Father of Sociology’. Inspired by Auguste Comte, another French theorist names Saint-Simon coined the term sociology. He is also the founder of positivism, which is a topic that falls under the sociological studies and covers the three steps of verification, experimentation and observation. He established his theories on positivism through his book ‘Positive Philosophy’ (1839).Sociology has its roots in philosophy and western knowledge. Sociology has such old roots that some of the earliest traces of sociology can be found in medieval Arabic writings. Hence some consider Arabic-Islamic scholar Ibn Khaldun of the 14th century from Tunisia to be the Father of Sociology although there is no solid evidence of his works.Karl Marx denied Comte’s philosophy of positivism but set out to establish a ‘science of society’ and became an integral part in the establishment of sociology.Albion Small in 1892 established the first formal Department of Sociology in the world in Chicago. However, it was Emile Durkheim who developed the institutionalization of sociology as an academic discipline. Durkheim also developed the theories of positivism although he disagreed with most of Comte’s theor ies.Modern Sociological structure is mostly derived from conflict (Weber and Marx), and functionalist (Durkheim) approaches of social structure. Structural functionalism implies that everything within the system is a necessary function for thewhole. Cohesive systems by functionalist theorists are contrasted with conflicting theories.Sociology is highly dependent on the social structure of society. Everything related to society falls under sociology, starting from a small behaviour on how you sit at certain places.You can now access more Essay Writing on this topicThus, we can say that sociology as emerged over the years as an important discipline which is an important response to the challenge of modernization. It is a social science-based ofinteraction between humans and the various processes that change them. Henceforth, sociology is regarded as one of the highest levels of sciences and is a subject that cannot be escaped.Short Essay on Sociology 150 Words in EnglishShort Essay on Sociology is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.Sociology is basically what is known as the study of society and human interaction within society. It is known as a general science as itfollows processes of verification, observation and investigation.Auguste Comte, a french philosopher, is known as the ‘Father Of Sociology’. He not only established sociology as an institution but also developed his theory of positivism. Emile Durkheim is another person who has immense contributions in the field sociology.The word sociology is a hybrid word of both Latin and Greek. Sociology follows both personal and societal boundaries. Another French philosopher Saint Simon, after beinginspired by August Comte, coined the term ‘sociology’.Social stratification, social structure, religion, family, posture, wealth, poverty, etc. are all part of the social studies. Sociology, with time, has become an extremely important discipline and affects every sector of each person’s life. Sociology is a subject that one cannot escape no matter what.10 Lines on Sociology Essay in English1. Sociology is the study of society and human relationships within society.2. Auguste Comte isknown as the ‘Father of Sociology’. 3. August Comte also developed positivism. 4. ‘Positive Theory’ is a book written by Comte on positivism.5. The word ‘sociology’ has been derived from Greek and Latin words.6. The word ‘socius’ means companion and ‘-logy- means ‘the study of’.7. Sociology is general science.8. The general science of sociology follows the steps of observation, verification and investigating.9. In 1892, the first department of sociology was established in Chicago. 10. Modern Sociological Structure is derived from conflict and functional perspectives.FAQ’s on Sociology EssayQuestion 1.What is the definition of sociology?Answer:There is no particular definition of sociology. Sociology is the study of the societal structure and human relations within the structure.Question 2.Who is the ‘Father of Sociology’?Answer:August Comte is the ‘Father of Sociology’.Question 3.What is the meaning of the word ‘sociology’?Answer:The word ‘socius’ means ‘companion’ and ‘-logy’ means ‘the study of’.Question 4.When was sociology introduced as part of the academics?Answer:In 1892, the first department of sociology was introduced in Chicago.。
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Horizons: Canada’s Emerging Identity, 2nd Ed. Reading Guide – Chapter 2 Answer KeyThe Colonists: Land and GovernmentResource: Horizons: Canada's Emerging Identity, 2nd Ed. - Chapter 02The Land of Yesterday: pages 44-481. Complete this crossword using the timeline on page 44.2. What is a "colony"? An overseas possession that a country governs and uses for its ownbenefit.3. What was "Upper Canada"? An English-speaking British colony located "up" the St. LawrenceRiver.4. What was "Lower Canada"? A mostly French-speaking colony located on the "down-river" partof the St. Lawrence River.5. Name the "maritime colonies. New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, PEI, Newfoundland, andLabrador6. Which two companies competed to control the fur trade in the northern half of North America inthe early 1800s? Hudson's Bay Co and North West Co.7. Describe the impact of settlement in the early 1800s on the Aboriginal inhabitants of UpperCanada. Varied - lost their land, suffered from disease.8. How did the provisions of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 affect Aboriginal peoples. Itconfirmed their ownership of lands west of the Mississippi River.9. What is implied when the descriptor "settlement" is used to describe European colonization oflands in North America? Varied - suggests the land "settled" was not occupied and used byAboriginal peoples.10. Which term do you think better describes the disputes between the Metis and the Canadiangovernment in Manitoba in 1869 and 1885: "rebellion" or "resistance"? Explain. Varied - willcenter on perceptions; resistance implies a struggle against unfair treatment; rebellion implies an illegal act against legitimate authority.11.Who were the "Metis"? People descended from fur traders and Aboriginal people.12.What was the occupation of Europeans in the "northwest"? Fur trade - less than a dozenwere engaged in other activities before 1820.Upper Canada:pages 49-561.Describe land clearing in Upper Canada during the early 1800s. Varied - will includereferences to large, dense hardwood trees, could only clear 1 hectare a year, land difficult toreach due to poor roads.2.Who were the "Loyalists"? Americans who did not support the American Revolution.3.Who were the community leaders in Upper Canada? Pensioned officers of the BritishArmy, members of Loyalist families, British gentry.4.What is meant by the term "gentry" The upper classes in Britain.e figure 2-8 to list the seven largest communities in Upper Canada in 1825. Amherstburg,Dundas, Newark, Hamilton, Dundas, York, Cobourg, Kingston6.Where in Upper Canada did most people live in 1825? Figure 2-8 suggests along LakesErie and Ontario.7.How was life in Upper Canada different from today? Varied - might include reference toquietness and darkness. Many other themes possible.8.Who were the "clergy"? People ordained to provide religious service.9.What is a "mortgage"? To use something as security for a loan - e.g. land or a crop.10.Describe how a "barter economy" works. Varied - a farmer might trade his wheat to ablacksmith in return for metal work.11.Describe Aboriginal agriculture in the Americas. Varied - 300 varieties of plants; over 3000varieties of potato; corn; developed cotton.12.Define the term "bight". A disease caused by mold, fungus, or bacteria that can kill plants.13.How did cotton from South America affect Europe? Varied - its long fibers were easilyspun into thread and woven into cloth and mass produced; would make up half of Britain'sexports by the 1850s.14.Why might settlers in Upper Canada "co-operate" to clear fields or build homes and barns?These activities required lots of labour - and labour was hard to come by. This encouragedneighbours to help each other.15.How did some British immigrants to Upper Canada see themselves? As British aristocratstransforming a wilderness into part of the British Empire.16.What was an "estate"? A tract of land often covering thousands of hectares - all owned byone person.17.What were "tenant farmers"? Someone who farms land owned by someone else in returnfor part of the farms produce.18.What is a "class system"? A society in which those born into "privileged groups" have rightsand advantages that others don't.19.What was the "Family Compact"? The small group of wealthy people who controlled thegovernment in Upper Canada.20.What was the "Chateau Clique"? The small group of wealthy people, usually English-speaking merchants, who controlled the government in Lower Canada.21.Who controlled much of the land of Upper Canada after the War of 1812? absenteelandlords, land speculators22.Describe the impact of land speculation, crown and clergy reserves on settlement in UpperCanada. Varied - removed up to 2/7th of the land from the market place; made easilyaccessed land expensive or rare; forced newcomers to settle further inland on land that washarder to access; would cause discontent that contributed to the rebellions of 1837.23.Who was Thomas Talbot? A former British colonel who controlled a huge land area in UpperCanada. He restricted who was allowed to settle on it.24.Describe Britain's policy for the development of Upper Canada? Varied - to duplicate theEnglish model of land ownership: large estates controlled by aristocrats who would maintainstrong ties with Britain.25.What fraction of the good farmland in Upper Canada was controlled by land speculators such asthe Upper Canada Company in 1815? half26.What did first Nations leaders fear in Upper Canada? That their lands would be sold off byBritain.27.What was the capital of Upper Canada? Yorkpare the Maori experience in New Zealand to those of the First Nations people in Canada.Varied.29.What were three barriers confronting immigrants who wanted to settle on farms in UpperCanada? Varied - may include expensive land, poor transportation to cheap lands,available land was in "remote" areas …Upper Canada:pages 49-561.What was the "seigneurial System"? The system of land holding in New France;seigneurs were given large estates and made responsible for bringing settlers to andadministering it.2.What was a "coffin ship"? Cargo ships used to transport immigrants to Canada - on whichdisease killed many passengers.3.What does the term "steerage" mean? The area below decks on a ship where cargo wasstored.4.Describe the experiences of immigrants who travelled to Canada aboard one of the "coffinships". Varied - crowded; unsanitary; risk of disease such as cholera.5.Who provided food for immigrants sailing to Canada in "steerage" class? The passenger.6.Which year between 1815 and 1850 saw the most immigrants arrive in Canada? Hypothesizewhy. 1847 - it was the peak of the Irish potato famine.7.Which group tended to record the history of the British North American colonies in the 1800s?What does this imply about history written in the 1800s? Well-to-do English people - usuallymales. It is probably written from a single point of view and ignores the experience of othergroups.8.What is a "Francophone"? A french speaking person.9.Which groups made up most of Canada's population in 1871? French, Irish, English,Scottishe the timeline on page 60 to complete this crossword puzzle.11.From where did most of the Black settlers in Upper Canada come? Loyalist refugees wholeft the US after the American Revolution.12.Why did members of the Black Militia oppose William Lyon Mackenzie's "rebellion" in 1837.They feared a rebel victory would lead to American domination of Canada and a return toslavery.13.What was the "underground railway"? A network of secret routes and safe houses used totransport Black people who were trying to escape slavery in the southern US.14.This individual helped many escaped slaves travel the Underground Railway to freedom.Harriet Tubman15.How were Black people received in Canada? Varied - free but experienced racialdiscrimination.16.Who was Richard Pierpoint? A former slave brought from Africa at age 16; served inButler's Rangers in the American Revolution; established a community for Blacks near St.Catherines that was a station on the Underground Railway.17.Describe Mary Ann Shadd's life. Varied - may include: educated as a lawyer in US but notallowed to practice; fled US after a law was passed that could have made he a slave; first women newspaper editor in Canada; advocate for education of Blacks; founder of a school.18.What does the term "abolition" mean? Putting a legal end to slavery.19.Why was marriage important to women in colonial Canada? Varied - may include: theirstatus was defined by their husband's; they were often dependant on the economic success orfailure of their husband.20.Describe the activities of a "farm wife" in Colonial Canada. Varied - responsible forhousehold tasks; helped men with farm jobs; raised large family that were needed to help with the work.Colonial Government and the Need for Reform: pages 65-721.What is meant by the term "representative government"? A government made up of officialselected by the people.2.What is meant by the term "responsible government"? A government that is subject to thewill or votes of the people.3.What is an "oligarchy"? A small, select group that controls a government.4.Describe the government of Upper Canada that was established by the Constitutional Act of1791. Will include: elected Legislative Assembly to make laws; Governor appointed by Britain;appointed Legislative and Executive councils that could veto acts of the Legislative Assembly. 5.What is a "veto"? The right to cancel legislation passed by another group (i.e. theLegislative Assembly).6.Describe some of the effects of the rule of Upper Canada by the Family Compact. Varied- able to veto actions of the Leg. Assembly; slowed construction of roads; ignored problemscaused by land speculation, crown and clergy reserves.7.Who was Robert Gourlay? A land surveyor who drew up a list of grievances about UpperCanada's government and its land policies. He was arrested and sent out of the colony.8.Who was William Lyon Mackenzie? Varied - he replaced Gourlay as leader of theradical reformers. May make reference to the Colonial Advocate, election to the Legislature in 1828 and the Rebellion of 1837.9.Who were Egerton Ryerson and Robert Baldwin? Moderate reformers in Upper Canada.10.Describe a significant difference between Canadian elections in the 1830s and today. Nosecret ballot in the 1830s - led to bribery, violence and intimidation at the polling places.11.What is the "5W + H" model of asking questions? Who, what, where, when, why, and how.12.List three types of research questions. Causal, comparative, speculative13.What are "critical thinking" questions? Those that help you see beyond what is written in atextbook.14.Who made up the "Chateau Clique" in Lower Canada? English merchants and former armyofficers supported by the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy and wealthy French landowners.15.What is a "deficit"? A situation where there is more spending than income.16.Why did an economic deficit develop in Lower Canada? Because of the declining fertility ofexisting farms land and the limited availability of new arable land LC was forced to importwheat to feed its population.17.Define "nationalism". Devotion to one's culture and nation. It sometimes results indemands for independence.18.How did some French Canadians think Britain was trying to deal with the "French problem" inLower Canada. Encouraging immigration of English-speakers to Lower Canada.Spreading cholera.19.Who was Louis-Joseph Papineau? Varied - may include: a French Canadian nationalist; aleader of the Rebellion of 1837.20.List three issues that became the focus of reform in Lower Canada. Discriminationagainst the French; lack of representation in the government; taxes.21.These English-speakers would become leaders of the rebel group known as the Patriotes.Wolfred Nelson, Edmund O'Callaghan22.What were the "Ninety-two Resolutions"? A call for major changes to the government ofLower Canada authored by Papineau and other reformers..The Rebellions of 1837: pages 73-801.How did the "Fils de la Liberte" protest the arrest of some members of the Patriotes in LowerCanada? Paraded through the streets of Montreal bearing arms and ready to fight.2.What event prompted the outbreak of a full rebellion in the fall of 1837? T he attempted arrestof Papineau.3.Who led the Patriote rebellion? Wolfred Nelson4.List three sites of fighting between the Patriotes and the British Army. Saint-Denis, Saint-Charles, Saint-Eustache5.Which region of British North America achieved political reform through peaceful means?The maritimes (e.g. Nova Scotia)6.Which influential group in Lower Canada urged people to remain loyal to Britain during theRebellions? The Roman Catholic Church.7. A second Lower Canada rebellion in 1838 tried to isolate this community in an effort to gainindependence from Britain. Montreal8.How did Sir Francis Bond Head alienate many people after his appointment as governor ofUpper Canada? He allied himself with the Family Compact and ignored demands forreform.9.Why did William Mackenzie launch his revolt when he did? He thought the government inYork was defenseless after Head dispatched troops to Lower Canada to put down the Patriotes.10.Where did William Lyon Mackenzie meet with supporters to plan his attack on the governmentof Upper Canada? At Montgomery's Tavern outside York.11.What did Mackenzie do after his supporters fled? Fled to the US; eventually set up abase on an island in the Niagara River and declared himself "President of the Republic ofCanada".12.Describe the punishments handed out to the rebels. Varied - a few such as Samuel Lountwere hanged; many were pardoned (i.e. Mackenzie and Papineau); some were transported toTasmania.13.Who was Lord Durham? Varied - a young British aristocrat; made a fortune in coal miningin Britain; an English reformer; governor-in-chief of the Canadas.14.List four of the recommendations of the "Durham Report". Unite Upper and LowerCanada, give Canada responsible government, place all colonies in British North America in a single colony, assimilate the French by overwhelming them with English-speaking immigrants.15.Who were Robert Baldwin and Louis LaFontaine? Moderate reformers16.Who was Lord Sydenham? Durham's replacement as governor.17.What impact did the "Act of Union of 1840" have on the Canadas? Joined Upper andLower Canada into the Province of Canada; made Montreal the capital; declared that allgovernment documents would be in English.18.What effect did the "Act of Union" have on Lower Canada's representation in the newlegislature? Even though Lower Canada had a larger population, it only had the same number of seats in the Legislature as Upper Canada.。