2016年北京科技大学翻硕百科知识考研真题,考研笔记
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士百科知识地理历史考研真题,考研笔记
2016年翻译硕士考研信息地理历史琐罗亚斯德教起源于什么地方：中东不属于“汉初三杰”的是：陈平最深的湖泊是：贝加尔湖世界上火山最多的洲的是：亚洲太阳中心说是谁提出的：哥白尼英国“Beatles”乐队哪一年在沙利文首场演出之后风靡整个美国：1964历史上，为什么统治者将岳阳划在湖南：便于监督和牵制最先发现了白色光组成的是:牛顿我国的二滩、五强溪水电站分别位于:西南和中南我国蓝宝石的主要产地在哪里:山东南极洲中无长年冰雪覆盖面积占整个洲的：7%在理想大陆上，无论沿哪一条经线前进，几乎都要有秩序地经历多种自然带，这是反映了：纬度地带性乐山大佛在：四川省我国著名的赵州桥建于哪个朝代：明石达开担任的是：翼王以下哪一项，不是明治维新的内容：实行按户征兵商汤至太甲统治时期出现大好局面，得益于哪位政坛元老的辅佐：伊尹刘邦在秦朝曾经做过：亭长马可•波罗在叙述中国时言过其实，因此人们叫他：百万先生石灰岩地区中有许多满布着钟乳石、石笋的岩洞，这些岩洞形成的主要原因是：流水的溶蚀作用英国历史上哪位是第一个以自己的名字来命名一个时代的君主：伊丽莎白一世在大陆西岸南北到两个萨尔纳带之间的自然带是：温带森林带有“无烟城市”之称的是：雷克雅末克云冈石窟位于我国哪个省：山西省不属于三玄的是：《礼记》世界上第一条地铁在1863年建于：伦敦中国面积最大的省份是哪一个：新疆陕西省的渭河谷地，在地质构造上属于：地堑兴凯湖是哪两个国家共有：中俄云冈石窟位于我国哪个省：山西省蒙语称内陆湖为：海子我国铁路的铁轨有多宽：1.43M约翰•克里斯朵夫有几卷：5下列四组地点中，按经度由东向西依次排列的是：南京、天津、北京千佛坛是哪个国家的：印度尼西亚斯拉夫人信仰的是：天主教四合院是以正房、东西厢房围绕中间庭院形成平面布局的传统住宅的统称。
在何时，形式就已初具规模：西周地球上的第50亿个人类居民出生在：南斯拉夫荆轲出现在《史记》中的：《刺客列传》贝尔福宣言是哪个国家发表的：英国天文台的观测室都是园顶的，是因为：有利于天文望远镜观测目标秃头歌女是谁的作品:萨特一座将东西柏林隔离开来的墙建立于何时:1961与农作物种类分布、复种制度和产量关系最密切的是：光热世界上面积最大的淡水湖是：安大略湖第一次登陆月球的两名宇航员在月面上活动了多长时间：2小时多在商店里，大部分商品都是尾数价格，如一双皮鞋的价格是298元，而不是300元，请问商店根据什么这样定价：心理国际红十字会的旗帜是什么形状的：正方形世界最深处位于：太平洋苏伊士运河是哪个国家的:埃及瓯绣”是哪里出产的刺绣品:温州横断山脉的走向是：南北走向太阳大气的中间一层是日冕“大陆架”是什么：大陆在海底的延伸以下能从月球上看到的建筑物是：万里长城下列罢工中，坚持时间最长的是：省港工人大罢工北伐前锋“独立团”的领导人是：叶挺中国民族资产阶级产生于19世纪那个年代：六七十年代光球厚度约为多少公里：500公里甲骨文是写在什么上面的：龟骨“瓯绣”是哪里出产的刺绣品：温州西欧和美国两大工业地带形成于：第二次技术革命中三大金字塔中最大的是：胡夫金字塔太阳大气的中间一层是：日冕以“无字碑”名扬天下的是：武则天下列关于领土的说法，正确的是：领土包括国家全部的陆地、领海、领水和领空慕田峪长城位于北京市的：怀柔西亚和北非绿洲农业的代表植物是：枣椰树玄武是什么东西：龟李寻欢在考试中考了第几名：第三名下列关于领土的说法，正确的是：领土包括国家全部的陆地、领海、领水和领空世界上最长的山脉是：安第斯山加拿大的领土面积在世界上排第几：第2最轻的金属是：锂天文学家把全天空的星星按区域划分成多少个星座：88个苏伊士运河是哪个国家的：埃及下列哪个是好现象的征兆：清晨浓雾在九大行星中，被称为最小最冷的行星是哪一颗：冥王星司马迁受腐刑是在哪个皇帝统治下：汉武帝哪个国家有“千湖国”的称号:芬兰东帝汶的首都在：帝力为什么长江、黄河都是从西往东流：我国的地势是西部高，东部低东南亚著名的矿产是:锡和石油祁连山是哪两个省（区）的分界线:青海与甘肃伊斯兰会议召开于哪一年：1971下列哪一个星座不属于黄道十二宫：魔羯座我国周口店发现的“北京人”，距今有几万年：30三种水循环各自的运动过程中，都具备的环节是：蒸发和降水黄河在潼关折向东流，又穿行在峡谷中，其中最有名的是：三门峡世界上最曲折的海岸线分布在哪个洲：欧洲“织女星”位于哪个星座：天琴座枪杆子里出政权”是谁提出的：毛泽东中国的尼姑最早是何时出现的：南北朝伊斯兰会议召开于哪一年：1971目前世界上水力发电功率最大的水坝是：伊泰普大坝在古代任官授职中兼职的官比本官大，称兼职为：守最低盆地最低可达海平面以下多少：154被称为“科学管理之父”的是：泰罗美国的国花是什么花：玫瑰《隋唐演义》是哪个朝代的人写的：清朝电视发明于本世纪的：20年代被称为“智慧之都”的是那一座古代名城：亚历山大古史传说中出现了尧举荐舜、舜举荐禹，禹先举荐皋陶、皋陶死后又举荐益当部落首领的故事，历史上称这种作法为：禅让天坛原名：天地坛以下哪一座山不属于中国佛教四大名山：嵩山“匈奴未灭，何以家为”是谁的豪言：霍去病给楚庄王猜“一鸣惊人”的是：伍举以谁为代表的出海求仙药的方士是我国历史上最早的航海探险家：徐福世界上火山最多的洲是：亚洲第一架实用直升机的发明人为：西科斯基西欧农奴没有以下哪种权利义务：定期服兵役以下哪个国家设立了海底打捞博物馆：新西兰整个地球的生物圈：可算是最大的生态系统唐高祖即位以后，李世民被封为：秦王约翰内斯堡是南非最大的采矿中心，它被称为：黄金城夏启死后，太康即位后，政事不修，沉湎于酒色之中，谁乘机夺取了政权：羿有声电影何时问世：1926《新五代史》的作家是：欧阳修破除满汉不通婚这个祖训的是：乾隆《几何原理》的作者是：欧几里德15世纪至18世纪时，欧洲航海家所进行的一系列航海探险活动通称为：新航海时代狮子座流星雨第一次爆发是哪一年：1833年不属于四维的是：仁以下那个机构不参与诺贝尔奖的颁发：法国皇家科学院汉白玉是什么：一种名贵的石头经过什么战役，商汤的军队战胜夏桀的军队，桀出逃后死于南巢，夏王朝从此灭亡：鸣条之战万里长城横跨我国多少省（包括直辖市和自治区）：7个七十年代后世界能源消费比重增加最为迅速的是：核能我国在什么时候开始在航海中使用指南针：11世纪末电磁感应的发现者是：法拉第在泰国，百分之九十以上的人信仰：佛教最早期的热气球是用来做什么的：空中监视隋朝所取代的“周”，属于：南北朝时的周“玄武门之变”中，射死太子李建成的是：李世民最早用棉花织布的是在：印度河流域佛教传入中国中原的第一座佛庙是：白马寺中国名山北岳恒山在哪里：山西浑源怒江不流经：西藏拿破仑百日王朝哪一年建立：1815下列哪一个星座不属于黄道十二宫：魔羯座铁芒萁的生长反映了：酸性土壤环境刘邦建立汉朝不久，淮南王是：英布与农作物种类分布、复种制度和产量关系最密切的是：光热风切变对飞机的安全有很大危害，它：对飞机起飞和着陆时危害最大拿破仑曾经建立过：百日王朝石器时代分为哪两种：新石器时代和旧石器时代影响植物分布最重要的条件是：气候1937年发生了飞艇史上著名的空难，当时起火爆炸导致35人丧生的飞艇名字为：兴登堡号华盛顿什么时候定为首都：1791韩世忠平生战功赫赫，全身刀痕箭疤累累，双手仅余几指：5秦汉时代陵墓的建筑形式，一般采用：卧斗形黄河流经几个省自治区：9南岳衡山的最高峰是：祝融峰迫使英国承认美国独立的是：《巴黎和约》商周时期中原已进入什么时代的繁盛时期：青铜美国加入反法西斯同盟是在：1941年在距今9000年前，就已经出现栽培稻，水稻的发源地是在：中国下列各地区中，地壳最厚的地方是：青藏高原第一艘成功飞过火星的探测船是：先锋10号秦汉时代，人们说的“关中”指哪一带：函谷关以西维吾尔族人信奉的宗教是：伊斯兰教温带落叶林分布地区的主要气候类型是：温带季风气候世界上历来有“西珠不如东珠，东珠不如南珠”之说法，其中“南珠”的产地是：中国在大陆西岸南北两个萨瓦纳带之间的自然带是热带雨林带股票交易里面通常说成交多少多少“手”，这一“手”是指多少股：100我国北方半干旱地区适宜发展：畜牧业在大陆西岸南北两个萨瓦纳带之间的自然带是:热带雨林带“紫土地”是指我国哪个地形区域的土地：四川盆地“千湖之国”芬兰大约有多少个湖泊：6万世界上最早种植棉花的国家是：印度据文献记载，商代曾经几次迁都：五亚洲是世界上的第一大洲，它的面积约占全球陆地面积的：30%人类的出现与劳动有关，人类最初制作和使用的工具是：打制石器鞭尸三百的是：伍子胥在地质年代中，铁矿形成的重要时期是：太古代据文献记载，商代曾经几次迁都：五马可.波罗以各种身份服务忽必烈多长时间：17年亚洲是世界第一大洲，它的面积约占全球陆地面积的：30%新中国第一部临时宪法的简称是：《共同纲领》最早的扇子是用什么做的：羽毛孔子去世是在：公元前479年林肯的宅地法颁布于：1862年俄国十月革命发生在俄历几月几号：10月25日塔西提岛在哪里：太平洋1976年唐山发生7.8级强地震，此时北京测得震级与烈度与唐山相比：震级相同，唐山的烈度较大不属于隋代三师的是：太尉人权宣言是在哪个会议上通过的：制宪会议1898年发生的变法是：戊戌变法下列哪个地方的日照时间最长：撒哈拉沙漠不属于佛教三宝的是：禅武汉长江大桥建于：1957伊朗的官方语言是：波斯语维吾尔族人信奉的宗教是：伊斯兰教“土木之变”中被捉的皇帝是：明英宗来源于太阳能的新能源是：风能“金戈铁马，气吞万里如虎”是谁写的词句：辛弃疾大约在1882年，世界上出现了：电车被称为“国际会议之都”的城市是：日内瓦岛屿数量最少的洲是哪个洲：非洲我国和世界目前森林覆盖率分别是：13.4%，22%泰坦尼克号沉船事故中，只有多少人生还：695人阖闾和夫差是什么关系：父子南北朝时期西南地区有一次大规模移民事件，叫做“僚人入蜀”。
2016年北京科技大学翻硕百科知识考研真题,重点解析
2016年翻译硕士考研解析世界上最大的宫殿是:(A)故宫白宫爱丽舍宫克里姆林宫482.电度表上的一度电表示耗电量为:(B)1百瓦/小时1千瓦/小时1瓦/小时10瓦/小时483.郭沫若的诗集有:(C)《死水》《野草》《女神》《红烛》484.根据有关规定,职工的试用期最长不得超过:(B)3个月6个月一年两年485.中国民间为什么要吃腊八粥?(B)迎接春节纪念释迦牟尼纪念小寒来临纪念冬天来临486.发射第一颗人造卫星的国家是:(A)前苏联美国中国日本487.《新人口论》的作者是哪国人?(A)中国人英国人美国人俄国人488.下列行星中,卫星最多的是:(C)水星地球土星火星489.太阳的年龄约有多大?(B)30亿岁50亿岁80亿岁100亿岁490.男子竞技体操项目不包括:(C)单杠鞍马高低杠吊环491."食色,性也"是谁说的?(A)孟子孔子老子韩非子492.被称作东方威尼斯的是:(A)杭州苏州桂林上海493.下列哪一个不是我国的领海?(C)黄海东海北海渤海494.山东山西的"山"是指:(B)泰山太行山沂蒙山恒山495.中国在国际货币基金组织中属于:(B)观察员正式成员准成员非成员496.人的心脏共有几个心房和心室?(D)1个2个3个4个497.我国第一部在国际电影节上获奖的影片是:(B)《定军山》《渔光曲》《祝福》《红高梁》498.亡羊补牢中的"牢"指的是:(B)牢房牲口圈院子栅栏499."打蛇打七寸"的七寸是指:(B)咽喉心脏头部尾巴500.以下哪个不属于使馆馆长的级别?(D)大使公使代办临时代办501.下列名称不属于二十四节气的是:(C)谷雨芒种大伏霜降502.国画《愚公移山》的作者是:(D)张大千李可染赵无极徐悲鸿503.Internet最初用作:(A)军事工业民用商业电信业504.最清洁的能源是:(B)石油太阳能煤气沼气505.世界上最深的海沟位于:(A)太平洋大西洋北冰洋印度洋506.康熙皇帝的庙号是:(D)仁宗太宗穆宗圣祖507."五角大楼"是美国哪个机构的代称?(B)中情局国防部信息工程部劳工部508.四大名茶之一的龙井茶产地是:(B)浙江绍兴浙江杭州福建安溪509.我国的海岸线有多少公里?(B) 17000180001900020000510."二人转"是:(A)东北曲艺陕北曲艺河南曲艺山东曲艺一、关于MTI学硕和专硕的区别可以百度，目前的形式是国家要把学硕和专硕的比例变为3：7（今年已经是这样）。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士MIT考研真题,参考书
16年翻译硕士考研详解与指导178、南宋最伟大的爱国主义诗人---陆游-----唱出了时代的最强音。
179、南宋后期—永嘉四灵和江湖派。
180、小说和讲史----是话本的主要内容。
181、宋元话本----确立后世白话小说的基础。
182、韩愈、柳宗元-----文以载道、惟陈言之务去。
183、欧阳修-----北宋文坛的领袖、宋代散文的奠基人。
184、北宋初期诗文革新运动的领导人是-----欧阳修。
185、醉翁亭记----欧阳修抒情散文的代表作。
186、朋党论----欧阳修政论文中的名篇。
187、前赤壁赋----苏轼散文中最富盛名、影响最深远的篇章。
188、唐宋八大家---唐代韩愈和柳宗元、北宋的欧阳修、苏轼、王安石、曾巩、苏洵、苏辙。
189、先天下之忧而忧、后天下之乐而乐----岳阳楼记----范仲淹。
190、范仲淹------开宋词豪放之先风。
191、王安石-----答司马谏议书。
192、王安石一---被列宁誉为“中国十一世纪的改革家”。
193、办洵—六国论。
194、北宋前期的诗歌流派----白居易体、贾岛姚合体、李商隐体。
195、王安石咏史诗----明妃曲两首最为著名。
196、王安石后期成就最高的诗作-----人称王荆公体。
197、春风又绿江南----泊船瓜洲----王安石。
198、黄庭坚-----山谷体-----江西诗派的创始人----与苏轼并称苏黄-----其代表作是寄黄几复。
199、宋代最大的诗歌流派-----江西诗派。
200、一祖三宗-----杜甫为一祖，黄庭坚、陈师道、陈与义为三宗----提倡诗歌语言艺术点石成金、夺胎换骨。
201、杨万里-----与陆游、范成大、尤袤并称"南宋四家"、"中兴四大诗人"。
形成独具特色的诚斋体。
202、示儿----陆游临终的遗嘱，也是诗人最后呼喊的爱国之声。
203、陆游——人称“小李白”。
中国古代最高产的诗人(有诗9000多首)。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研历年真题,考研参考书,重难点笔记,复试分数线
育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：357试题名称：英语翻译基础（共3页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================一、英汉互译短语翻译（30分）IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency)GNP(Gross National Product)Gini coefficientcarbon taxresource recyclingquantitative easinggenetically modified foodurbanization ratio核心竞争力资源配置绿色增长可燃冰社交网络雾霾碳交易二、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）In1992,Deng underscored the need to follow through on the“modernisation”course that heinitiated in the1980s and he emphasised the need for the economy to strengthen investment and become far more export-oriented.These policies,pursued by Deng’s successors,spurred extraordinary overall economic growth including the emergence from poverty into the mainstream of hundreds of millions of Chinese.Now,however,Xi and Li accept that the era of double-digit annual GDP growth has ended.They are building Communist Party support—and this is why the forthcoming plenary session is important—for rapid action on an economic agenda that they hope can deliver sustained annual growth of between7and7.5per cent.三、将下列短文译为汉语（35分）Seven years ago Beijing’s government set a target of making the city a“liveable”one by2020, with“fresh air and a beautiful environment”.Few praise its plaints abound about its congestion,pollution,desperate shortage of water and hugely expensive housing.Even in the state-controlled media,suggestions are sometimes made that it is time to build a new capital. Beijing has been China’s capital for most of the past600years.Since the Communist victory in 1949,the Chinese have been taught to revere the city as an embodiment of China’s power,the party’s might and their country’s glorious history.To propose a move strikes many as heretical.In recent years,however,some have broken ranks.In2000even China’s then Prime Minister,Zhu Rongji,joined the sceptics.The capital,he declared,might have to move if measures to curb its sandstorms failed.Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of these lung-clogging calamities.But other problems have grown.Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word“shoudu”,meaning capital,in a different tone so that it sounds like“the most congested”.For much of the year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city.The rate of birth defects has doubled over the past decade.The environment is thought to be a contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested,in newspapers as well as online,that these and other problems would best be solved by relocating the central government.Beijing’s bureaucrats are unlikely to be persuaded.Their privileges,common to all those registered as Beijing citizens(ie,not migrants from other provinces),include readier access thanmost other Chinese have to some of the country’s best educational and medical facilities.Some local officials in places favoured by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming their merits.But given the allure of Beijing’s amenities,it is little wonder that the central authorities keep quiet.四、将下列段落译为英语（25分）今年是中国发展进程中不平凡的一年。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士考研历年真题,考研参考书
育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：211试题名称：翻译硕士英语（共12页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================I.Vocabulary and Structure(30points,1point each,60minutes)Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,or D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the answer sheet.1.It was nearly always organized by the government,although some club members acted_______their own initiative.A.byB.onC.withD.in2.He redesigned the process,thereby________the company thousands of dollars.A.savingB.to saveC.savedD.save3.Modern bodies are especially______to cancer,because technology produces waste thatinhibits their proper functioning.A.relevantB.invulnerableC.proneD.attractive4.Some of his plans were impractical and________good for his work,but he never wavered inwhat he considered just.A.too muchB.much tooC.so muchD.much so5.Supporters praised the action as a speedy and judicious solution,but critics condemned it as______and unfairly influenced by recent events.A.delayedB.indisposedC.hastyD.imperious6.It is odd that a person’s worth is measured by his wealth,______instead people’s charactershould be measured by their value to society.A.whileB.soC.becauseD.when7.During the17th century many artists became involved in color theory and______painting forenlightenment.A.looked up toB.looked outC.looked onD.looked to8.No government can meet the_______demand for ever more sophisticated medical technologyby an aging population.A.intransigentB.insatiableC.ingeniousD.inglorious9.It is difficult to distinguish between the things that celebrities do______and those that arecarefully contrived for effect.A.reluctantlyB.publiclyC.spontaneouslyD.prolifically10.The monkeys in the zoo are a group,because primates are inevitably______and build theirlives around each other.A.socialB.independentC.stableD.curious11.When economy,language,culture and history interact,people begin to view them as_______subjects rather than isolated ones.A.idiosyncraticB.integralC.synchronizedD.synthesized12.Retired people are often willing to_______their time to help with community project.A.give outB.give awayC.give ofD.give off13.Even though formidable winters are the norm in this region,people were unprepared for the_______of the blizzard that year.dnessB.ferocityC.inevitabilityD.probability14.The committee provides funding to_______artists like those of women and of color,in thehopes of rectifying a historical inequality.A.prolificB.prominentC.promisingD.marginalized15.All are in the_____stages,until architectural historians survey each house to determine whichhave historic value.A.preliminaryB.primaryC.prevalentD.predicative16.He has unusual insight and imagination,which has made him succeed in______new andfundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition.A.coordinatingB.discerningC.acknowledgingD.dispelling17.The storyline of the novel was extremely involved and included many lesser characters_______to the central events.A.consequentialB.peripheralC.indispensableD.permeating18.Once I finally_______finding a definition,I see that it was never any such thing.A.get across toB.get away withC.get round toD.get in with19.Despite the fact that the life span of animals is conveniently divided into separate stages,thoseperiods are not truly_______.A.distinctB.continuousC.reflexiveD.codependent20.In spite of_______among scientists,and years of contentious discussion,the claim thatearthquake can be predicted with great precision prevails.A.receptionB.popularityC.skepticismD.antipathy21.No dictionary can really capture something as fleeting and______as slang.A.equivocalB.equitableC.equableD.ephemeral22.They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them______as valuable antiques.A.outB.byC.awayD.off23.That reason was unique human has come_____increasingly skeptical scrutiny:moreresearchers at least entertain the notion that some animals can think.A.inB.underC.toD.with24.Sam was a complete country man,with a pronounced______with nature in all its forms.A.infinityB.conformityC.affinityD.fluidity25.It is no accident that most people find his book disturbing,for it is calculated to undermine anumber of beliefs they have long_______.A.cherishedB.deniedC.anticipatedD.misunderstood26.Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to his poetry,even nowonly a few independent observers_______his works.A.neglectB.criticizementD.praise27.The exhibition,though small in scale,succeeded in_______its members with a firm sense ofself-worth and purpose.A.endowingB.imbuingdeningD.providing28.We were all impressed by the style of his books which is strongly________of Virginia Woolf’snovels.A.reminiscentB.symptomaticC.indicativeD.imitative29.Historian can_______“Augustan peace”only by failing to recognize that this peace in manyrespects resemble that of death.A.demandB.ridiculeC.applaudD.disapprove30.Everything becomes collectable in time,particularly when its history and date of manufacturecan be________.A.describedB.acknowledgedC.overlookedD.authenticatedII.Reading Comprehension(40points,2points each,60minutes)Section IDirections:In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneConstant vigilance:that is the task of the people who protect society from enemies intent on using subterfuge and violence to get their way.It is also the watch word of those who fear that the protectors will pursue the collective interest at untold cost to individual rights.Edward Snowden,a young security contractor,has come down on one side of that tussle by leaking documents showing that the National Security Agency(NSA)spied on millions of Americans’phone records on the internet activity of hundreds of millions of foreigners.The documents,published by the Guardian and the Washington Post,include two big secrets. One is a court order telling Verizon,a telecoms company,to hand over“metadata”,such as the duration,direction and location of subscribers’calls.The other gives some clues about a programme called PRISM,which collects e-mails,files and social-networking data from firms such as Google,Apple and Facebook.Much of this eavesdropping has long been surmised,and none of it is necessarily illegal.America gives wide powers to its law-enforcement and spy agencies.They are overseen by Congress and courts,which issue orders to internet firms.Barack Obama has responded to the leaks by saying that he“welcomes”a debate on the trade-off between privacy,security and convenience.Despite the president’s words,however,the administration and much of Congress seem unwilling to talk about the programmes they oversee; and the politicians and executives who do want to speak out are gagged by secrecy laws.Opinion polls show that Americans are divided about the merits of surveillance—which is partly because they know so little about what is going on.But spying in a democracy depends for its legitimacy on informed consent,not blind trust.You might argue that the spies are doing only what is necessary.Al-Qaeda’s assaults on September11th2001demonstrated to politicians everywhere that their first duty is to ensure their own citizens’safety.With Islamist bombers,there is a good case for using electronic surveillance: they come from a population that is still hard for Western security services to penetrate,and they make wide use of mobile phones and the internet.The NSA’s boss,Keith Alexander,says the ploys revealed by Mr Snowden have stopped dozens of plots.The burden on society of sweeping up information about them has been modest compared with the wars launched against Afghanistan and Iraq.And the public seems happy:if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden would soon be forgotten.Yet because the spies choose what to reveal about their work,nobody can judge if the cost and intrusion are proportionate to the threat.One concern is the size,scope and cost of the security bureaucracy:some1.4million people have“top secret”clearances of the kind held by Mr Snowden. Is that sensible?A second worry is the effect on America’s ties with other countries.The administration’s immediate response to the PRISM revelation was that Americans have nothing to fear:it touched only foreigners.That adds insult to injury in countries that count themselves as close American allies:the European Union,in particular,fastidiously protects its citizens’data.Fears abound that the spy agencies practice a cynical swap,in which each respects the letter of the law protecting the rights of its own people—but lets its allies do the snooping instead.Lawyerly officials denials of such machinations fail to reassure because of the third worry:the governments acting outside public scrutiny are not to be trusted.James Clapper,America’s director of national intelligence,told Congress in March that the NSA does not gather data on“millions of Americans”.He now says he answered in“the least untruthful manner”possible.Trawls through big databases may produce interesting clues—but also life-ruining false alarms,especially when the resulting decisions are cloaked in secrecy.Those on“no-fly lists”,which ban an unknown number of people from most air travel,are not told what they have done wrong and cannot clear their names. In desperation,13American citizens,including some who were exiled from their own country by the travel ban,are suing the government.Our point is not that America’s spies are doing the wrong things,but that the level of public scrutiny is inadequate and so is the right of redress.Without these,officials will be tempted to abuse their powers,because the price of doing so is small.This is particularly true for those who bug and ban.Spooks do need secrecy,but not on everything,always and everywhere.Officials will complain that disclosure would hinder their efforts in what is already an unfair fight.Yet some operational efficiency is worth sacrificing,because public scrutiny is a condition for popular backing.Even allowing for the need to keep some things clandestine,Americans need a clearer idea of what their spies are doing in their name.1.According to the passage,which of the following statements about vigilance is true?A.President Obama describes the spying as a defense of security.B.Americans differ in their attitude towards the government’s vigilance.C.The administration and Congress feel ashamed of the spying.D.America’s law-enforcement and spy agencies are not entitled to spy.2.The sentence in paragraph two“if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden wouldsoon be forgotten”probably means________.A.Americans need divert their attention from the spying event.B.Mr Snowden matters little compared to America’s potential enemies.C.Vigilance would be accepted by the public if America was faced with danger.D.Mr Snowden’s revelation of PRISM would be forgotten sooner or later.3.Americans have the following concerns regarding vigilance EXCEPT_____.A.Spy agents leave Americans little privacy and less security.B.Spying will damage America’s relation with other countries.C.It is not sensible to devote much money and energy to vigilance.D.There lacks effective scrutiny of the government’s surveillance.4.The case that some citizens are banned from air travel in paragraph7is presented to illustrate________.A.the efficiency of spyingB.the absurdity of the banC.the inadequacy of the spying systemD.the interesting findings of spying5.What is the author’s stance on vigilance by the government?A.Vigilance does more harm than good to American citizens.B.Protection of society is merely an excuse for illegal vigilance.C.The legitimacy of vigilance is still open to discussion.D.Vigilance is necessary but should be better scrutinized by the public.英语热点词汇总裁助理assistant president综合治理comprehensive treatment安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents信息化information-based;informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power;knowledge-intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工laid-off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel三角债chain debts素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and-order situation民族国家nation state台独"independence of Taiwan"台湾当局Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士考研历年真题,考研参考书,重难点笔记,学姐经验
育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：211试题名称：翻译硕士英语（共12页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================I.Vocabulary and Structure(30points,1point each,60minutes)Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,or D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the answer sheet.1.It was nearly always organized by the government,although some club members acted_______their own initiative.A.byB.onC.withD.in2.He redesigned the process,thereby________the company thousands of dollars.A.savingB.to saveC.savedD.save3.Modern bodies are especially______to cancer,because technology produces waste thatinhibits their proper functioning.A.relevantB.invulnerableC.proneD.attractive4.Some of his plans were impractical and________good for his work,but he never wavered inwhat he considered just.A.too muchB.much tooC.so muchD.much so5.Supporters praised the action as a speedy and judicious solution,but critics condemned it as______and unfairly influenced by recent events.A.delayedB.indisposedC.hastyD.imperious6.It is odd that a person’s worth is measured by his wealth,______instead people’s charactershould be measured by their value to society.A.whileB.soC.becauseD.when7.During the17th century many artists became involved in color theory and______painting forenlightenment.A.looked up toB.looked outC.looked onD.looked to8.No government can meet the_______demand for ever more sophisticated medical technologyby an aging population.A.intransigentB.insatiableC.ingeniousD.inglorious9.It is difficult to distinguish between the things that celebrities do______and those that arecarefully contrived for effect.A.reluctantlyB.publiclyC.spontaneouslyD.prolifically10.The monkeys in the zoo are a group,because primates are inevitably______and build theirlives around each other.A.socialB.independentC.stableD.curious11.When economy,language,culture and history interact,people begin to view them as_______subjects rather than isolated ones.A.idiosyncraticB.integralC.synchronizedD.synthesized12.Retired people are often willing to_______their time to help with community project.A.give outB.give awayC.give ofD.give off13.Even though formidable winters are the norm in this region,people were unprepared for the_______of the blizzard that year.dnessB.ferocityC.inevitabilityD.probability14.The committee provides funding to_______artists like those of women and of color,in thehopes of rectifying a historical inequality.A.prolificB.prominentC.promisingD.marginalized15.All are in the_____stages,until architectural historians survey each house to determine whichhave historic value.A.preliminaryB.primaryC.prevalentD.predicative16.He has unusual insight and imagination,which has made him succeed in______new andfundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition.A.coordinatingB.discerningC.acknowledgingD.dispelling17.The storyline of the novel was extremely involved and included many lesser characters_______to the central events.A.consequentialB.peripheralC.indispensableD.permeating18.Once I finally_______finding a definition,I see that it was never any such thing.A.get across toB.get away withC.get round toD.get in with19.Despite the fact that the life span of animals is conveniently divided into separate stages,thoseperiods are not truly_______.A.distinctB.continuousC.reflexiveD.codependent20.In spite of_______among scientists,and years of contentious discussion,the claim thatearthquake can be predicted with great precision prevails.A.receptionB.popularityC.skepticismD.antipathy21.No dictionary can really capture something as fleeting and______as slang.A.equivocalB.equitableC.equableD.ephemeral22.They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them______as valuable antiques.A.outB.byC.awayD.off23.That reason was unique human has come_____increasingly skeptical scrutiny:moreresearchers at least entertain the notion that some animals can think.A.inB.underC.toD.with24.Sam was a complete country man,with a pronounced______with nature in all its forms.A.infinityB.conformityC.affinityD.fluidity25.It is no accident that most people find his book disturbing,for it is calculated to undermine anumber of beliefs they have long_______.A.cherishedB.deniedC.anticipatedD.misunderstood26.Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to his poetry,even nowonly a few independent observers_______his works.A.neglectB.criticizementD.praise27.The exhibition,though small in scale,succeeded in_______its members with a firm sense ofself-worth and purpose.A.endowingB.imbuingdeningD.providing28.We were all impressed by the style of his books which is strongly________of Virginia Woolf’snovels.A.reminiscentB.symptomaticC.indicativeD.imitative29.Historian can_______“Augustan peace”only by failing to recognize that this peace in manyrespects resemble that of death.A.demandB.ridiculeC.applaudD.disapprove30.Everything becomes collectable in time,particularly when its history and date of manufacturecan be________.A.describedB.acknowledgedC.overlookedD.authenticatedII.Reading Comprehension(40points,2points each,60minutes)Section IDirections:In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneConstant vigilance:that is the task of the people who protect society from enemies intent on using subterfuge and violence to get their way.It is also the watch word of those who fear that the protectors will pursue the collective interest at untold cost to individual rights.Edward Snowden,a young security contractor,has come down on one side of that tussle by leaking documents showing that the National Security Agency(NSA)spied on millions of Americans’phone records on the internet activity of hundreds of millions of foreigners.The documents,published by the Guardian and the Washington Post,include two big secrets. One is a court order telling Verizon,a telecoms company,to hand over“metadata”,such as the duration,direction and location of subscribers’calls.The other gives some clues about a programme called PRISM,which collects e-mails,files and social-networking data from firms such as Google,Apple and Facebook.Much of this eavesdropping has long been surmised,and none of it is necessarily illegal.America gives wide powers to its law-enforcement and spy agencies.They are overseen by Congress and courts,which issue orders to internet firms.Barack Obama has responded to the leaks by saying that he“welcomes”a debate on the trade-off between privacy,security and convenience.Despite the president’s words,however,the administration and much of Congress seem unwilling to talk about the programmes they oversee; and the politicians and executives who do want to speak out are gagged by secrecy laws.Opinion polls show that Americans are divided about the merits of surveillance—which is partly because they know so little about what is going on.But spying in a democracy depends for its legitimacy on informed consent,not blind trust.You might argue that the spies are doing only what is necessary.Al-Qaeda’s assaults on September11th2001demonstrated to politicians everywhere that their first duty is to ensure their own citizens’safety.With Islamist bombers,there is a good case for using electronic surveillance: they come from a population that is still hard for Western security services to penetrate,and they make wide use of mobile phones and the internet.The NSA’s boss,Keith Alexander,says the ploys revealed by Mr Snowden have stopped dozens of plots.The burden on society of sweeping up information about them has been modest compared with the wars launched against Afghanistan and Iraq.And the public seems happy:if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden would soon be forgotten.Yet because the spies choose what to reveal about their work,nobody can judge if the cost and intrusion are proportionate to the threat.One concern is the size,scope and cost of the security bureaucracy:some1.4million people have“top secret”clearances of the kind held by Mr Snowden. Is that sensible?A second worry is the effect on America’s ties with other countries.The administration’s immediate response to the PRISM revelation was that Americans have nothing to fear:it touched only foreigners.That adds insult to injury in countries that count themselves as close American allies:the European Union,in particular,fastidiously protects its citizens’data.Fears abound that the spy agencies practice a cynical swap,in which each respects the letter of the law protecting the rights of its own people—but lets its allies do the snooping instead.Lawyerly officials denials of such machinations fail to reassure because of the third worry:the governments acting outside public scrutiny are not to be trusted.James Clapper,America’s director of national intelligence,told Congress in March that the NSA does not gather data on“millions of Americans”.He now says he answered in“the least untruthful manner”possible.Trawls through big databases may produce interesting clues—but also life-ruining false alarms,especially when the resulting decisions are cloaked in secrecy.Those on“no-fly lists”,which ban an unknown number of people from most air travel,are not told what they have done wrong and cannot clear their names. In desperation,13American citizens,including some who were exiled from their own country by the travel ban,are suing the government.Our point is not that America’s spies are doing the wrong things,but that the level of public scrutiny is inadequate and so is the right of redress.Without these,officials will be tempted to abuse their powers,because the price of doing so is small.This is particularly true for those who bug and ban.Spooks do need secrecy,but not on everything,always and everywhere.Officials will complain that disclosure would hinder their efforts in what is already an unfair fight.Yet some operational efficiency is worth sacrificing,because public scrutiny is a condition for popular backing.Even allowing for the need to keep some things clandestine,Americans need a clearer idea of what their spies are doing in their name.1.According to the passage,which of the following statements about vigilance is true?A.President Obama describes the spying as a defense of security.B.Americans differ in their attitude towards the government’s vigilance.C.The administration and Congress feel ashamed of the spying.D.America’s law-enforcement and spy agencies are not entitled to spy.2.The sentence in paragraph two“if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden wouldsoon be forgotten”probably means________.A.Americans need divert their attention from the spying event.B.Mr Snowden matters little compared to America’s potential enemies.C.Vigilance would be accepted by the public if America was faced with danger.D.Mr Snowden’s revelation of PRISM would be forgotten sooner or later.3.Americans have the following concerns regarding vigilance EXCEPT_____.A.Spy agents leave Americans little privacy and less security.B.Spying will damage America’s relation with other countries.C.It is not sensible to devote much money and energy to vigilance.D.There lacks effective scrutiny of the government’s surveillance.4.The case that some citizens are banned from air travel in paragraph7is presented to illustrate________.A.the efficiency of spyingB.the absurdity of the banC.the inadequacy of the spying systemD.the interesting findings of spying5.What is the author’s stance on vigilance by the government?A.Vigilance does more harm than good to American citizens.B.Protection of society is merely an excuse for illegal vigilance.C.The legitimacy of vigilance is still open to discussion.Vigilance is necessary but should be better scrutinized by the public.翻译硕士词汇辨析5award,rewardaward,reward的用法award v.指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研历年真题,重难点笔记
育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：357试题名称：英语翻译基础（共3页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================一、英汉互译短语翻译（30分）IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency)GNP(Gross National Product)Gini coefficientcarbon taxresource recyclingquantitative easinggenetically modified foodurbanization ratio核心竞争力资源配置绿色增长可燃冰社交网络雾霾碳交易二、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）In1992,Deng underscored the need to follow through on the“modernisation”course that heinitiated in the1980s and he emphasised the need for the economy to strengthen investment and become far more export-oriented.These policies,pursued by Deng’s successors,spurred extraordinary overall economic growth including the emergence from poverty into the mainstream of hundreds of millions of Chinese.Now,however,Xi and Li accept that the era of double-digit annual GDP growth has ended.They are building Communist Party support—and this is why the forthcoming plenary session is important—for rapid action on an economic agenda that they hope can deliver sustained annual growth of between7and7.5per cent.三、将下列短文译为汉语（35分）Seven years ago Beijing’s government set a target of making the city a“liveable”one by2020, with“fresh air and a beautiful environment”.Few praise its plaints abound about its congestion,pollution,desperate shortage of water and hugely expensive housing.Even in the state-controlled media,suggestions are sometimes made that it is time to build a new capital. Beijing has been China’s capital for most of the past600years.Since the Communist victory in 1949,the Chinese have been taught to revere the city as an embodiment of China’s power,the party’s might and their country’s glorious history.To propose a move strikes many as heretical.In recent years,however,some have broken ranks.In2000even China’s then Prime Minister,Zhu Rongji,joined the sceptics.The capital,he declared,might have to move if measures to curb its sandstorms failed.Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of these lung-clogging calamities.But other problems have grown.Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word“shoudu”,meaning capital,in a different tone so that it sounds like“the most congested”.For much of the year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city.The rate of birth defects has doubled over the past decade.The environment is thought to be a contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested,in newspapers as well as online,that these and other problems would best be solved by relocating the central government.Beijing’s bureaucrats are unlikely to be persuaded.Their privileges,common to all those registered as Beijing citizens(ie,not migrants from other provinces),include readier access thanmost other Chinese have to some of the country’s best educational and medical facilities.Some local officials in places favoured by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming their merits.But given the allure of Beijing’s amenities,it is little wonder that the central authorities keep quiet.四、将下列段落译为英语（25分）今年是中国发展进程中不平凡的一年。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士百科知识考研真题,考研笔记
2016年翻译硕士考研信息上海浦东的金茂大厦是世界第几高楼：3建筑行业中的鲁班奖是于哪一年创建的：1987现在已发现的最早的宫殿在：偃师下面哪个不是汉代应用较多的楼阁形式：厢楼墙身接近室外地面的部分称为：勒脚竹楼是我国哪个民族的传统民居：傣族旧称紫禁城的是北京故宫北京互国寺在什么时候重修：元云岩寺塔俗称：虎丘塔以下哪一种木板不是人造板：水曲柳在钢筋混凝土梁中，受力钢筋是分布在梁的横截面的：下方1996年后鲁班奖每年的奖励数额为几个：45我国第一座石拱桥叫什么桥：赵州桥以下的建筑构件中属于受压构件的是：柱针对客厅活动方式和面积大小的不同，沙发的布置有多种方式，其中（）适用于以静态活动机能为主的空间，例如电视观赏、音乐欣赏或阅读等。
集中型把宫城的正门称为“午门”，这开始于哪个朝代：元枫丹白露宫是哪个国家的：法国至今所见最早的砖在哪里发现的：洛阳我国第一条水下公路隧道是：上海打浦路隧道中国现存最著名的三大殿不包括嵩山少林寺的大雄宝殿亚洲最高旋转餐厅在东方明珠塔中，可容纳300多人就餐，多少时间旋转一圈：一小时自春秋至汉代的六七百年间，台榭是什么建筑中常用的形式：宫室北京互国寺本名是崇国寺最初“店”的含义是：储存货物的仓库目前世界第一高楼位于哪个国家：马来西亚鲁班是中国古代著名的建筑工程家，被建筑工匠尊为祖师。
他姓什么：公输建筑中的券拱结构是由什么时期发明的：古罗马花岗岩属于哪一类岩石：岩浆岩云岩寺塔俗称：虎丘塔南浦大桥于哪一年建成通车：1991年中国现存最著名的三大殿不包括1嵩山少林寺的大雄宝殿针对客厅活动方式和面积大小的不同，沙发的布置有多种方式，其中（）适用于以静态活动机能为主的空间，例如电视观赏、音乐欣赏或阅读等。
4集中型座落于美国密执安州的麦基那克海峡大桥，它的悬索跨度为几米41158雅典卫城的巴台农神庙是为敬奉哪一位女神而建造的：2雅典娜“砼”这个字的意思是：1混凝土混凝土的强度是用标号来表示的，以下混凝土中，强度最高的是：4C20世界建筑构造的奇观——悬空寺在2北岳恒山都江堰是谁修建的：3李冰父子故宫建成于哪个朝代：2明被称作紫禁城的是下列那所建筑物：1故宫河北境内的安济桥又名什么桥：1赵州桥苏伊士运河连接哪里：2地中海与红海北京故宫文渊阁是哪个朝代造的：4清朝亚洲最高旋转餐厅在东方明珠塔中，可容纳300多人就餐，多少时间旋转一圈：一小时鲁班奖是我国建筑行业工程质量的最高荣誉奖，其共设多少个奖项：80埃及金字塔中最大的一座是：胡夫被喻为“世界建筑的华裔皇帝”的建筑大师是贝聿铭秦汉时称皇帝居住的宫殿为：禁中苏伊士运河连接哪里：地中海与红海用石建造，一般为八棱形，上刻陀罗尼经文的柱形构筑物叫做：幢在建筑工程中，概算、预算、结算、决算时间最早的是：概算工业建筑上的白色是什么标志：界线标志《营造法式》这部建筑学专著出现于：北宋屏风一般有（）两种，其表现形式有透明、半透明、封闭式及镂空式等。
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2016年翻译硕士考研信息世界上最大的宫殿是:(A)
故宫白宫爱丽舍宫克里姆林宫
482.电度表上的一度电表示耗电量为:(B)
1百瓦/小时1千瓦/小时1瓦/小时10瓦/小时
483.郭沫若的诗集有:(C)
《死水》《野草》《女神》《红烛》
484.根据有关规定,职工的试用期最长不得超过:(B)
3个月6个月一年两年
485.中国民间为什么要吃腊八粥?(B)
迎接春节纪念释迦牟尼纪念小寒来临纪念冬天来临
486.发射第一颗人造卫星的国家是:(A)
前苏联美国中国日本
487.《新人口论》的作者是哪国人?(A)
中国人英国人美国人俄国人
488.下列行星中,卫星最多的是:(C)
水星地球土星火星
489.太阳的年龄约有多大?(B)
30亿岁50亿岁80亿岁100亿岁
490.男子竞技体操项目不包括:(C)
单杠鞍马高低杠吊环
491."食色,性也"是谁说的?(A)
孟子孔子老子韩非子
492.被称作东方威尼斯的是:(A)
杭州苏州桂林上海
493.下列哪一个不是我国的领海?(C)
黄海东海北海渤海
494.山东山西的"山"是指:(B)
泰山太行山沂蒙山恒山
495.中国在国际货币基金组织中属于:(B)
观察员正式成员准成员非成员
496.人的心脏共有几个心房和心室?(D)
1个2个3个4个
497.我国第一部在国际电影节上获奖的影片是:(B)《定军山》《渔光曲》《祝福》《红高梁》498.亡羊补牢中的"牢"指的是:(B)
牢房牲口圈院子栅栏
499."打蛇打七寸"的七寸是指:(B)
咽喉心脏头部尾巴
500.以下哪个不属于使馆馆长的级别?(D)
大使公使代办临时代办
501.下列名称不属于二十四节气的是:(C)
谷雨芒种大伏霜降
502.国画《愚公移山》的作者是:(D)
张大千李可染赵无极徐悲鸿
503.Internet最初用作:(A)
军事工业民用商业电信业
504.最清洁的能源是:(B)
石油太阳能煤气沼气
505.世界上最深的海沟位于:(A)
太平洋大西洋北冰洋印度洋
506.康熙皇帝的庙号是:(D)
仁宗太宗穆宗圣祖
507."五角大楼"是美国哪个机构的代称?(B)
中情局国防部信息工程部劳工部
508.四大名茶之一的龙井茶产地是:(B)
浙江绍兴浙江杭州福建安溪
509.我国的海岸线有多少公里?(B) 17000180001900020000
510."二人转"是:(A)
东北曲艺陕北曲艺河南曲艺山东曲艺
（1）一般而言，每篇阅读理解只讲一个主题，阅读时应通过段落主题句把握中心。
（2）考研文章的两类体裁：议论文，重点是作者的观点和态度。
说明文，重点是作者的态度，说明对象及其特点。
（3）阅读时看清文章是由几个自然段构成的，同时还要给文章分段，便于更好的回文章定位。
（4）阅读的重点位置时文章的首段、其余各段的段首段尾句、转折处、条件关系处、因果关系处，快速读过的信息是举例子的内容、引用的内容、类比的内容、具体数字以及冒号后面补充说明的部分。
（5）每个选项都应力争回文中定位，全部题目都能做到正确答案在原文中对应的位置，判断出出题的方式以及错误答案的特征。
（6）文章固定模式：
A花开两朵，各表一枝
模式：在文章开始提出两个核心概念，随后分段叙述。
关键：两个概念的定义以及他们的区别和联系。
B问题答案型
模式：在第一段中出现一个问题，在随后各段提出该问题的答案。
关键：把握其中心往往就是该问题最直接最主要的答案。
C时文
特点：耸人听闻，吸引眼球；貌似客观，内涵态度；抛砖引玉，一起争论
阅读时文时，把握时文的中心出现在手段的末句，或者二段的首句。
D独句段
出现一个句子单独成段，特别是其出现在文章开始或者结尾，一般其表达的是文章的中心思想。
若位于文章中间部分一般是承上启下的作用。
E开门见山
文章的写作特点是：直接给出观点，摆出事实论据，进行推理论证，每段都紧扣文章的主题。
F启承传合
阅读时要抓住论点，区分论点合论据的关系，因为题目设计往往围绕论点进行，并要注意把握文章首尾的前后呼应关系。
G平铺直叙
事实合观点交叉出现，在字里行间达到阐明观点的目的，需要大家综合各段内容，通过分析和归纳判断。
H层层递进
一篇文章的整体，或者几个段落论述的问题，由从抽象到具体，从初级到高级，从简单到复杂的过程，且各段从开始都出现递进词，阅读时注意把握这种文章的中心，或几段的核心。
观点必然出现在层层递进各段的最后一段。
三、五大微观阅读技巧
（一）虚拟语气
1、作者写作时采用虚拟语气，一般表示建议、态度、和观点，用来表达一种反事
实的假设。
2、阅读时，重点要体会作者利用反话正说，正话反说所传递的言外之意。
（二）长难句
1、主句，从句多又长，一个主句带多个从句，从句又含从句
2、方法：（1）先抓整句话的主干，从前向后读句子，找出独立的谓语部分，把握复杂句中，最核心的主谓宾语，再根据从句的连接词，区分主从句，层层扩展进行理解。
3、分词短语、todo结构，独立主格的干扰
注意理解主句最完整的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤其是独立的主谓语部分，一个看似句子的结构，如果没有独立的诸位部分，它不是句子，而是分词短语、todo结构，独立主格。
（三）长难句基本语法结构
1、形式主语或宾语
2、强调句结构
3、非限制性定语从句
4、同位语从句
5、倒装结构
6、省略句
（四）标点符号的作用
1、句号：用来分割句子，以句子为单位把一个长的段落切分成为不同的句型。
2、逗号：两个逗号之间，或者一个逗号之后是用是一个补充说明成分，可以先不看。
3、冒号：冒号前后是从抽象到具体的过程，后面进一步是具体补充说明前面的内容。
4、分号前后是并列关系，包括结构上并列和语义上的并列。
5、破折号：两个破折号之间或者一个破折号之后是补充说明成分，可以先不看。
6、引号：一种作用是用来引用别人的观点，用来支持作者观点，或者是作为批判的对象。
一种是说反话，表示反语。
7、括号：补充说明的作用。
（五）类比关系
1、文章中出现类比关系时要识别类比核心概念。
作者把什么比作什么，即类比或比喻对象。
2、注意类比、引用、举例。
举例都是为了表达文章观点，可把类比看做特殊的例证，重点找出作者支持的观点。
四、错误选项的十大特征：
1、无中生有（原文中未提及的概念）
2、正反混淆（逻辑关系）
3、答非所问（答案没错，符合原文，但不符合题干）
4、过分绝对（must、completely、never、always、no+名词、definitely）
5、扩大范围（特别注意隐蔽型扩大范围）
6、因果倒置
7、常识判断（符合常识不一定正确，不符合常识一定不正确）
8、推得过远（不能过分推理，紧扣原文才是关键）
9、偷换概念
10、改变词性
五、正确答案五大特征
1、正确答案通常与文章的中心主旨大意有关。
2、正确答案所处的位置以段首段尾句、转折处、因果关系处、条件关系处为主。
3、正确答案出题所用的原则：同义词、近义词替换；从逻辑关系考察，正话反说，反话正说。
4、有些正确答案从语意来看带有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词（can、may、maight、some、possible），尤其是推理题的答案中含有这些词，以显示该题论述含义的相对性。
5、正确答案总体上看具有概括性、深刻性，因此其考查的对象是文章的重点和难点，以全文为参考依据。
六、四大金刚法则
1、如果四个选项中有两个选项要表达的含义围绕同一件事以相近或相反的角度展开论述时，首先考虑这两项。
2、当两个选项要表达的意思非常相近时，要把握其程度上的差异，一定要回原文中定位，紧扣原文所表达的含义进行判断。
3、阅读理解题正确选项通常不会照抄原文，经常采用正话反说、反话正说的方式或者原文信息的同义词改写以及归纳总结。
4、选项中使用的原文中的词越多，对的可能性越小。
做题应该根据逻辑关系找意思上跟原文一致的选项。
七、五层阅读方法
1、抓住文章的中心，和论述的宏观结构。
（泛读）
2、认真把握各段大意，争取用1--2个词或者短语概括其意，并把意义相近的段合并成为一个整体。
3、以段为单位，对文章进行更加深入的分析，也就是对单词，词组的背诵以及对长句的精确翻译，整文的朗读和背诵。
4、佳句摘录，模仿写作。
5、换位思考，分析出题人为什么选这样的文章，难度在哪里，论述的结构是什么。
并对每一个选项都精确分析，找出正确答案在文中的出处。
八、考研阅读三步走
一、通读全文，把握中心
二、仔细审题，返回原文
三、比较选项，得出结论
资料来源：育明考研考博官网。