英语派生词常用词缀

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派生词

派生词

派生词派生法(derivation)是英语主要的构词法。

这方法是借前缀或后缀之助,制造出派生词(derivative words),主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。

前缀以否定前缀(negative prefixes)un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, non-, dis-, mis-, mal-等为主,使延伸出来的派生词变成反义词。

Ⅰ名词派生词Balance→imbalance;pleasure→displeasure;management→ mismanagement;efficiency→inefficiency;concern→unconcern ;literacy→illiteracy;resolution→irresolution;interference→noninterference;nutrition→malnutrition.Ⅱ形容词派生词Accurate→inaccurate;patient→impatient. regular→ irregular;legal→illegal;native→non-native;orderly→ disorderly;common→uncommon.Ⅲ动词派生词Agree→disagree;judge→misjudge;treat→maltreat;activate→inactivate;use→ill-use;mobilize→immobilize;manage→mismanage;quote→unquote.除了否定前缀之外,其他常用的前缀还有anti-, auto-, bi-, co-, counter-, de-, ex-, inter-, mono-, post, pre-, pro-, re-, sub-, super-, trans-, tri-, ultra-等。

例如:anti-government(反政府);auto-intoxication(自我迷醉);bilateral(双边的);coexistence(共存);counter-argument (反建议);de-emphasize(不强调);ex-president (前任会长);international(国际间的);monolingual(单语的);post-war (战后的);precaution(预先防备);pro-China(支持中国);re-state(重述);subhuman(低于人类的);superimpose(加在上面);trans-atlantic(横跨大西洋的);triangle(三角);ultra-smart(超能的)。

英语派生词大全

英语派生词大全

英语派生词大全一、派生词的定义。

派生词是由词根(root)加词缀(affix)构成的词。

词缀分为前缀(prefix)和后缀(suffix)。

前缀一般改变词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词性,也可能改变意义。

二、常见前缀及其意义和示例。

1. un -(表示否定)- 词根:happy(形容词,快乐的)- 派生词:unhappy(形容词,不快乐的)。

这里“un -”加在“happy”前面,表示与“happy”相反的意义。

2. re -(表示再次、重新)- 词根:write(动词,写)- 派生词:rewrite(动词,重写)。

“re -”加在“write”前面,表示再次进行“write”这个动作。

3. dis -(表示否定、相反)- 词根:like(动词,喜欢)- 派生词:dislike(动词,不喜欢)。

“dis -”改变了“like”的意义,使其表示相反的动作。

4. in -(表示否定,在某些字母前变为im -、il -、ir -)- 词根:possible(形容词,可能的)- 派生词:impossible(形容词,不可能的)。

因为“possible”的首字母是“p”,所以用“im -”表示否定。

- 词根:legal(形容词,合法的)- 派生词:illegal(形容词,不合法的)。

“legal”首字母是“l”,用“il -”表示否定。

- 词根:regular(形容词,规则的)- 派生词:irregular(形容词,不规则的)。

“regular”首字母是“r”,用“ir -”表示否定。

5. pre -(表示在……之前)- 词根:view(名词,看法;动词,观看)- 派生词:preview(名词,预习;预演;预告片;动词,预习;预看;预演)。

“pre -”加在“view”前面,表示在正式“view”之前的动作或事物。

6. post -(表示在……之后)- 词根:war(名词,战争)- 派生词:post - war(形容词,战后的)。

派生词

派生词

派生词派生词在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中,有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。

此外,新考纲要求考生掌握3 500多个英语单词。

因此,掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题,还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量,为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。

一、名词后缀1.动词+-ion/-tion /-sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)correct v.改正;纠正correction n.改正celebrate v.庆祝celebration n.庆祝;庆祝会conclude v.完成;结束c onclusion n.结论;结束2.动词+-er/-or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)drive v.驾驶开车;驱赶driver n.司机;驾驶员gather v.聚集;采集gatherer n.收集者;采集者conduct v.指挥;管理conductor n.指挥;售票员3.动词+-ment→名词punish v.惩罚punishment n.惩罚4.动词/形容词+-th→名词warm adj.温暖的w armth n.温暖grow v.生长growth n.生长5.形容词+-y→名词difficult adj.困难的 difficulty n.困难honest adj.诚实的honesty n.诚实6.形容词+-ness→名词kind adj.善良的kindness n.善良7.动词+-ance→名词annoy v t.使烦恼annoyance n.生气;烦恼8.-ship结尾的名词(表示身份;关系;资格) member n.成员;会员 membership n.会员资格professor n.教授professorship n.教授身份9.-ing结尾的名词garden n.花园gardening n.园艺greet v.打招呼;问候greetings n.问候[针对训练]语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)AFrom the 1.________________ (express) on Mary’s face, he knew he left a bad 2. ________________ (impress) on her and if shewon the 3. ________________ (elect) to become chairman of the Environment 4. ________________ (organize), he could not get her 5. ________________ (permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of 6. ________________ (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better earth.When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation, he got 7. ________________ (inspire) from his wife’s words.Yes, he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his 8. ________________ (determine) to work for the organization.“My dear, you are really a wonderful 9. ____________ (help)! I’m sure I will be the 10. ___________ (win) of the election.” He said to his wife excitedly.BIt was really a hard time when Li Ping firstcame to the United States.His 1. ________________ (earn) could hardly cover the expenses, so when his wife gave 2. ________________ (bear) to their second daughter, they could not afford enough nutrition food.Soon, poor nutrition caused the 3. ________________ (die) of the poor baby.4. ________________ (lonely) was another problem because they had no 5. ________________ (relate) or friends there.Thanks to his 6. ________________ (brave) and 7. ________________ (persevere), he managed to gain the 8. ________________ (citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. ________________ (settle). He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to 10. ________________ (happy) and success.二、形容词后缀1.常见形容词后缀(1)名词+-al→形容词(表示“有……属性”,“与……有关”)agriculture n.农业 agricultural adj.农业的(2)动词+-ive→形容词decide v.决定;下决心d ecisive adj.决定性的;关键的(3)动词+-able→形容词(表示“能够”,“适于”,“值得”)change v.变化;兑换changeable adj.易变的;变化无常的(4)名词+-ful→形容词care n.小心;关心careful adj.小心的;仔细的(5)名词+-less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)care n. 小心;关心 careless adj.粗心的(6)名词+-ly→形容词friend n.朋友friendly adj.友好的(7)名词+-y→形容词dirt n.污物;脏物d irty adj.脏的(8)名词+-ous→形容词danger n.危险dangerous adj.危险的2.复合形容词的构成(1)形容词+-ing分词easy-going 随和的(2)形容词+名词+-ed k ind-hearted 善良的;好心的(3)名词+-ed分词water-covered 被水覆盖的(4)副词+-ed分词well-written 写得好的(5)数词+名词+-ed t hree-legged 三条腿的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子,写出画线单词的意思1.It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck —of fate, really.(2012·四川高考阅读C)()2.The good working condition in this city is attractive.()3.You can rely on him because he is reliable.()4.Her words struck fear into her heart so that she was sleepless all night long, afraid of being killed unexpectedly some day.()5.It was a frosty cold morning when he set off for the remote village.()Ⅱ.语篇填空A:用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文Lucy likes talking and everybody says she is 1. ________________(communicate). She is 2. ________________(act) in answering the teachers’ questions and from time to time herclassmates find her answers quite 3. ________________(impress) and 4. ________________ (accept). Of course, not every student likes her, but she has many friends who think Lucy is a 5. ________________ (create) and 6. ________________ (help) girl.For example, she once led a 7. ________________ (home) child to her home and made the child her younger sister.Besides, she spent 8. ________________ (count) hours caring for a sick neighbor until she was well again.She is 9. ________________ (friend) to those who have difficulty with their subjects.All in all, Lucy is the most 10. ________________ (fame) girl in her school.B:运用所学构词知识完成下列短文Our journey was far-reaching amongst snow-covered/capped (雪封的) mountains where no ________________ (说英语的) people live.The local people are ________________ (相貌好看的), ________________ (随和的) and ________________ (勤劳的).Our hostess was ________________ (年老的),________________ (白发苍苍的) and ________________ (被太阳晒伤的). She gave me ________________ (自家做的) yaks milk cake, looking ________________ (自足的) as I enjoyed this rare treat although very ________________ (著名) and ________________ (广泛流传) around here.I was exhausted when I fell into the ________________ (准备好了的) bed she prepared for me.三、动词词缀1.前缀-en+形容词→动词enrich v.丰富enlarge v.变大;增大;扩大2.形容词+-en→动词shorten v.缩短 widen v.加宽3.-fy结尾的动词simplify v.简化c lassify v.归类4.-ize结尾的动词realize v.认识到 popularize v.普及[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子,写出画线部分的意思1.Extracurricular activities enable the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks.()2. The two countries are trying their best to normalize_their_relationship.()3.Some think that studying abroad can broaden_their_horizons.()4.You will horrify the baby if you speak too loudly.()Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Try your best to ________________ (memory) these new words.2.The question must be ________________ (simple) so that we can find out a solution to it.3.It costs a lot of money if we plan to________________ (pure) the waste water.4.He ________________ (quick) his steps to arrive home earlier.5.You can ________________(large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.四、否定词缀1.表示否定意义的前缀un-不,非unable不能够unlucky 不幸的dis-不,非dishonest不诚实的discontinuous 不连贯的in-不,非inactive不活跃的incorrect不正确的im-不,非impatient不耐烦的impossible不可能的ir-不,非irregular 不规则的irresponsible不负责任的il-不,非illogical 不合逻辑的illegal 非法的non-不,非nonexistent不存在的nonstop 直达的;连续不断的mis-错误mislead 误导misunderstand 误解dis-+动词(意义相反)dislike不喜欢disagree 不同意un-+动词(意义相反)uncover 揭开undress 脱衣服2.表示否定意义的后缀名词+-less→否定意义的形容词use n. 用处;用途useless adj.无用的hope n. 希望hopeless adj.没有希望的;绝望的home n.家homeless adj.无家可归的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列短文,写出画线单词的意思A 1.misconception was that the high temperature caused the big fire.However, Miss Wang knew it was not the true story.So she insisted that the government should make the truth known to the public.When Miss Wang knew that her appeal was 2.disallowed,_ she felt rather 3.disappointed.She decided to 4.disclose the truth: it was human errors that were to blame for the terrible disaster.She wanted to tell the public about the coldness of some officials.She believed that the truth must be 5.uncovered now.1.__________________________ 2.______ ____________________ 3.___ _______________________4.____________________________ 5._______ _____________________Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)The speech seemed to be 1. ________________ (stop) and the listeners became very 2. ________________ (patient). When the speaker said that oil was 3. ________________ (renew) and that the best way to solve the problem was not to make cars and buses to force people to go to work or school on foot, the audience thought it was 4. ________________ (practice) and 5. ________________ (bear) to listen to him any longer.They 6. ________________ (believe) that the world would go smoothly without thesemodern transportations.They also thought that the speaker was 7. ________________ (responsible) to make such a statement without thinking it carefully and his speech would cause some 8. ________________ (understand).So most of the listeners chose to leave, shouting loudly and angrily.五、正确使用派生词1.动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。

常见英语派生词词缀

常见英语派生词词缀

17. -ate eg. passionate, considerate, fortunate 18. –some eg. troublesome, tiresome, handsome
19. –ic / ical eg. idealistic, magical, classic, identical 20.-ing/ -ed eg. exciting, excited, heart-breaking, heart-broken
8. –age eg. linkage, carriage, marriage
People 人
1. -er/or/ar (动作的发出者,主动) eg. employer, worker, sailor, successor, beggar, liar 2. –ee (动作的承受者,被动) eg. employee, trainee, divorcee, interviewee 3. –ist (专家,擅长者;某主义者) eg. artist, bicyclist, socialist, capitalist 4. –eer (同-er) eg. volunteer, pioneer, engineer, mountaineer
eg. biology, psychology, geology, zoology 3. -graphy
eg. geography, photography, oceanography
疾病 illness
1. –itis (炎症) eg. arthritis, appendicitis, tonsillitis
Words formed with 2 or more simple words.
eg. blackboard,dinner-table, classmates

英语词根词缀小结

英语词根词缀小结

英语词根词缀小结英语单词很多都是派生词,记住一些词根和词缀对扩大词汇量有很大帮助。

Prefixes:(前缀)Meaning: (意义)Example: (例词)1.be- to make, cause to be becalm, belittle2. out- beyond outnumber, outsize3. fore- before, far (away) foretell, foreword4. mal- bad, evil maltreat, malfunction5. extra- outside, outward extrasolar, extraofficial6. plac- to please, appease,soothe placate, placid7. ambi- both ambiguous, ambit8. pseudo- false pseudonym, pseudology9. hyper- above, beyond hypersensitive, hyperoxide10. hypo- under, beneath, down hyposensitize, hypotension11. mis- wrong, unfavorable misuse, mispolicy12. de- away, from, negative decentre, decompose, deform13. eu- good eugenics, euphonic14. di- two dichotomy, diatomic15. dif- away, apart diffract, diffuse16. ad-, al- to, toward adhere, allote17. e-, ex- out eject, exclude, exit18. ab- away, from absent, absorption19. com-, con-, col-,co- together, with commemorate, conference20. in-, im-, in, into, on intake, import21. in-, im-, il-, ir- not invisible, impossibleillogical, irregular22. micro- small microwave23. pre- before prehistoric, preschool24. re-, retro- backward, back, behind return, retroact25. ante- before anteroom, antetype26. circum- around circumstance, circumaviate27. contra, anti- against, opposite contradict, antiwar28. inter- between international, interstate29. intro-, intra- within introspection30.sub-, suc-, suf-, under substandard, succeed, suffix,sug-, sup-, sus- suggest, supplement, suspend31,super-, supra-, sur- above, over supermarket, supranatioal,surface32. tra-, trans- across tradition, transplant33. a-, an- no, without, lacking atypical, anelectric34. bene- well benefit35. bi- two bicycle,bilingual36. multi- manymulticolor,multilingual37. semi- half semicircle,semi-official38. tri- three triangular, tricar39.uni- one uniform40. re- again retell, rewrite Suffixes:(后缀)1. (n.) -age state, quality,act shortage, advantage2. (n.) -er, -or one who writer, actor3. (n.) -tion, -ation conditon, the act of pollution, education4. (n.) -ance, ancy state, quality, act importance, performance. (n.) -ence, ency confidence, frequency5. (n.) -ant, -ent one who, that which applicant, correspondent6. (n.) -crat a person connected with democrat7. (adj.\n.) - arian variously denoting age, humanitarian, vegetariansec-social belief of oc-cupation,having the quality of8. (n.) -ee the one who (passive) employee, examinee9. (n.) -er\-or the one who (active) employer, examiner10.(n.) -al act arrival, survival (adj.) of national, political11. (adj.) -able, ible, -ble capable of, fit for lovable,edible12.(adj.) -ous, ious, ose full of, of the nature of dangerous, curious13. (v.) -en to make deepen, widen(adj.) having the quality of golden, wooden14. (v.) -fy to make beautify, simplify15. (v.) -ize\-ise to make modernize, popularize16.(adj.) -ic relating to, having the nature poetic, logic17.(n.) -ism the thing which,action or tourism,criticismpractice, state or condition(n.) -ist one who dentist, tourist 18. (n.\adj.) -oid like, resembling spheroid, crystalloid19.(adj.) -ful having the quality of cheerful20.(adj.) -ish related to, like childish, selfish21 .(adj.) -ite related to definite22.(n.)-ia disease, state, quality hysteria, militia23.(n.) –ster a person of a certain type songster, roadster24. (n.) –ship state, quality, rank friendship, leadership25. .(n.) –ary\ory a place for library, lavatory26. (v.) -fy cause to become pury, simplify27. (n.) –arium a place for aquarium, auditorium-orium28. (n.) –cracy rule by, rule of democracy, bureaucracy29. (v.) –ate cause to become liberate, fascinate30. (n.) -age amount of mileage, tonnage31. (n.) –ery state, qaulity, act robbery, scenery, refinery32. (n.) –hood state, quality neighborhood, falsehood33. (n.) –ity state, quality density, maturity34. (adj.) –ose abounding in, full of glucose, verbose(adj.)35. (adj.) –some showing a stated quality troublesome, fearsome36. (adj.) –y state, quality, act smoky, jealousy, inquiry37. (adj.) –wise in the manner of clockwisein the direction of sidewise38 (n.) –et, -let, -en little, smallRoots: (词根)1. –ag-, -act- do, drive activate, agitate2. –audi-, -audit- hear audible, auditorium3. –chron- time chronic, chronometer4. –dic-, -dict- say, speak indicate, predict5. –graph-,-gram- write, writing photograph, telegram6.-log- -ology speech, word, study dialogue, biology7. –metr-,-meter measure micrometer8. –phon- sound telephone9. –scop- see, look at macroscopic10. –scope- instrument for seeing microscope, baroscopeor observing11. –scrib-, -script- write, writing describe, transcript12. –spect- look at spectator13. –chrom- color polychrome, chromatic14. –duc- leadinduce,introduce15. –flect- bend deflect16. –mit-, -miss- send, let go transmit, emission17. –port- carry, take portable, transportation18. –alter-, -al-, -all- other alternate, alien, parallel19. –am- love amiable20. –anim- spirit, mind, lifeanimate,animism21. –spir- breathe respiratory22. –tele- far telegram23. –vene-, -vent- come adventure24. –voc-, -vok- call vociferous25. –cap-, -cip-, take, hold captive, recipient-cept-, -ceive- except, perceive26. –cede-, -ceed-, -cess- go, move, yieldprecedence,processor27. –cent- hundred percent28. –pod-, -ped- foot tripod, pedal29. –therm-, -thermo- heat thermos30. -ver(i)- true verify31. –arch(y)- chief, first archbishop32. –fac(t)-, -fec(t)- make, do factual, perfect33. –gam- marriage monogamy34. –man-, -manu- hand manuscript35. –path(o)- ,-pathy- felling, suffering, disease pathology, sympathy36. –bio- life biology37. –aster-, -astro- star astronomy38. –cycle- circle cyclometer , bicycle39. –mega- great megadeath40. –mort- death mortality41. –psych(o)- mind psychology42. -soph- wise sophiscate43. –puls- to drive, push impulse44. -nat- to be born nativity, nature45. –opt- choose, best option, opt46. –fract-, -frag- to break fracture, fragile47. –cav- care cave, cavity48.-tor- twist tortuous, distort49. -bene- good, well benefit50. –fid- faith confidence, confide51. –nov- new novelty, innovate52. –vac(u)-, -vac- empty vacancy, vacuum53. –gen- origin, birth, race, kind genetic,genocide54. –vers-, -vert- change, turn convert, reversal55. –equ- equal equation, subequal56. –voc-, -vok- voice, cry vocal, provoke57. –par- equal parity, imparity58. –pend-, -pens- hang, weigh, pay pendant, pensile, append59. –libra- balance, weight, pound libra, librate, libratory60. –anim- mind, life, alive animation, inanimate61. –capit- head capitate62, -corp- body corps, corporate 63. –derm- skin dermic, hypoderm 64, -ge(o)- earth geology, hypogeum65. –hydr(o)- water, liquid hydroelectric, dehydrate66. –lith- stone lithology, zoolith67. –viv-, -vit- live, life vivid, revive, vital68. –cred(o)- believe credible, credit69. –sect- cut section, bisect70. –flu(o)- flow fluid, influx71. –carn- fleshcarnivore,carnivorous72. –fus- pour, melt fuse, fusion73. –sim- similar, copy similar74. –ject- throw eject, project, inject75. –miser- wretched misery, miserable76. –vacillo swing back and forth vacillate77. –nego- deny, negative negate, negativityThe EndLi Minye Sept.4, 2011。

派生词英语词典

派生词英语词典

派生词英语词典
《派生词是指通过在一个词的基础上添加前缀、后缀或者进行词形变化等方式形成的新词。

以下是一些常见的派生词及其解释:
1. 前缀派生词:
Unhappy(不快乐):un-(否定前缀)+ happy(快乐)
Misunderstand(误解):mis-(错误前缀)+ unde rstand(理解)
Preheat(预热):pre-(前缀)+ heat(加热)
2. 后缀派生词:
Teacher(老师):teach(教)+ -er(职业后缀)
Beautiful(美丽的):beauty(美)+ -ful(形容词后缀)
Happily(快乐地):happy(快乐)+ -ly(副词后缀)
3. 同根词派生:
Nation(国家):national(国家的),nationality(国籍)
Child(孩子):childish(孩子气的),childhood(童年)
4. 合成词派生:
Breakfast(早餐):break(打破)+ fast(快速)
Raincoat(雨衣):rain(雨)+ coat(外套)
请注意,这仅是派生词的一些例子,实际上英语中有很多不同的派生方式和规则。

如果需要更详细的派生词解释,可以查询英语词典或在线词典,如Merriam-Webster或Oxford Engl ish Dictionary。

英语派生词的构成

英语派生词的构成

英语派生词的构成一、派生词的定义。

派生词是由词根(root)加上词缀(affix)构成的新词。

词缀分为前缀(prefix)和后缀(suffix)。

二、前缀构成派生词。

1. 表示否定意义的前缀。

- “un -”- 例如:“happy”(快乐的)加上“un -”变成“unhappy”(不快乐的)。

这里“un -”改变了原词“happy”的意义,从肯定的“快乐”变为否定的“不快乐”。

- “in -”(在某些字母前会有变体,如“im -”“il -”“ir -”)- 以“possible”(可能的)为例,加上“im -”(因为“p”开头,所以用“im -”这个变体)变成“impossible”(不可能的)。

“regular”(规则的)加上“ir -”变成“irregular”(不规则的),“legal”(合法的)加上“il -”变成“illegal”(不合法的)。

2. 表示相反动作的前缀。

- “dis -”- 像“like”(喜欢)加上“dis -”成为“dislike”(不喜欢)。

“agree”(同意)加上“dis -”变为“disagree”(不同意)。

3. 表示其他意义的前缀。

- “re -”表示“再次、重新”- 例如“write”(写)加上“re -”变成“rewrite”(重写)。

“build”(建造)加上“re -”成为“rebuild”(重建)。

三、后缀构成派生词。

1. 名词后缀。

- “- er”“- or”表示“……的人或物”- 如“teach”(教)加上“- er”变成“teacher”(教师)。

“act”(行动)加上“- or”成为“actor”(演员)。

- “- ness”表示“性质、状态”- 例如“kind”(善良的)加上“- ness”变成“kindness”(善良)。

“happy”(快乐的)加上“- ness”成为“happiness”(幸福)。

- “- tion”“- sion”表示“动作、状态、结果等”- 像“act”(行动)加上“- ion”变成“action”(行动)。

45个最常见的英语后缀及其相关派生词

45个最常见的英语后缀及其相关派生词

1. 介绍后缀的作用后缀是英语中非常常见的一种词缀,它通常用于改变词的词性、词义或者构成新的单词。

在英语中,有很多种后缀,它们可以用于构成形容词、名词、动词等不同词性的单词,丰富了英语词汇的表达方式。

2. -able/-ible 后缀这个后缀表示“可以……的”,它是形容词后缀,如fortable(舒适的)、responsible(负责的)、visible(可见的)。

3. -al/-ial 后缀这个后缀表示“……的”,可以构成名词或形容词,如:professional (专业的)、historical(历史的)、essential(重要的)。

4. -ate 后缀这个后缀表示“……的”,可以构成名词或动词,如:candidate(候选人)municate(交流)、calculate(计算)。

5. -ful 后缀这个后缀表示“充满……的”,通常用于构成形容词,如:helpful (有帮助的)、powerful(强大的)、beautiful(美丽的)。

6. -ic 后缀这个后缀表示“……的”,通常用于构成形容词或名词,如:historic(历史性的)、basic(基本的)、music(音乐)。

7. -ing 后缀这个后缀通常构成现在分词,表示正在进行的行为或状态,如:running(跑步的)、exciting(令人兴奋的)、amazing(令人惊讶的)。

8. -ism 后缀这个后缀通常构成名词,表示某种思想或者行为方式,如:racism (种族主义)、feminism(女权主义)、alcoholism(酗酒)。

9. -ity/-ty 后缀这个后缀通常构成名词,表示某种状态或性质,如:identity(身份)、creativity(创造力)、opportunity(机会)。

10. -ly 后缀这个后缀通常构成副词,表示方式或者程度,如:quickly(快速地)、carefully(小心地)、happily(幸福地)。

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contra-
反对,相反
diction(措辞,用语)—contradiction(反驳,矛盾)
natural(自然的)—contranatural(违背自然的)
cor-
(用在字母r之前)
联合的,共同的
relate(使联系,发生关系)—correlate(使相互关联,和...相关)
respond(回答,反应)—correspond(符合,协调,相应)
im
(用在b,m,p之前)
不,否
moral(道德(上)的,精神的,道德)—immoral(不道德的,邪恶的)
possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的)
in
不,否
direct(径直的,直接的)—indirect(间接的,迂回的)
sensitive(敏感的,灵敏的)—insensitive(对...没有感觉的,感觉迟钝的)
单一的
plane(飞机)—monoplane(单翼机)
tone(音调,语调)—monotone(单调的,单调)
multi
多的
media(媒体)—multimedia(多媒体)
national(国家的,民族的)—multinational(多民族的)
non
非,无,不
sense理性,认识—nonsense(胡说,废话)
infra
内部的,向内的
structure(结构,构造)—infrastructure(下部构造,基础下部组织)
red(红(色)的)—infrared(红外线的,红外线)
inter
相互的,之间的
national(国家的,民族的)—international(国际的,世界的)
face(面)—interface(界面,接口)
kilo
千的
gram(克,)—kilogram(千克,公斤)
byte(字节)—kilobyte(千字节)
macro
大的,宏观的
economics(经济学)—macroeconomics(宏观经济学)
structure(结构)—macrostructure(宏观结构)
micro
微小的,微观的
soft(软的)—microsoft(微软)
生命,生物
chemistry(化学)—biochemistry(生物化学)
sphere(圈子)—biosphere(生物圈)
by-
次要的,附带的
product(产品,产物,)—byproduct(副产品,附加产物)
way(路,道路)—byway(小道)
centi-
一百,百分之一
grade(等级)—centigrade(百分度的,摄氏度的)
trans
横过,贯穿,在……之间
Atlantic(大西洋)—transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的)
plant(种植,栽培,培养)—transplant(移植,移种)
tri
三,三倍
angular(有角的)—triangular(三角形的)
cycle(自行车)—tricycle(三轮车,机器三轮车)
counter-
相反,反对
act(表现,见效)—counteract(抵消,中和,阻碍)
attack(攻击)—counttry(乡下的,乡村的)—crosscountry(越野的,横过田野的)
cultural(文化的)—cross-cultural(跨文化的)
1、名词后缀
后缀
语法意义
例词
-al
动作、人、事物
arrive(到达,抵达v.)—arrival(到达,到达者)
propose(提议v.)—proposal(提案)
-age
状态、行为、性质
body(赋以形体)—embody(具体表达,使具体化)
power(权力,激励)—empower(授权与,使能够)
en
使成为
danger(威胁)—endanger(危及)
large(大的,巨大的)—enlarge(扩大,放大)
ex
前任的(还健在的)
向外的
wife(妻子)—ex-wife(前妻)
port(港口)—export(出口)
com-
联合的,共同的
passion(激情,热情)—compassion(同情,怜悯)
mission(使团,代表团)—commission(委员会)
con-
联合的,共同的
centric(中心的,中央的)—concentric(同中心的)
federation(同盟,联盟)—confederation(联邦)
intra
内部的
city(城市,都市)—intracity(市内的)
department(部,局,处,科,部门,系,学部)—intradepartment(内部)
ir
(用在r之前)
不,否
regular(规则的,有秩序的)—irregular(不规则的,无规律的)
responsible(有责任的,可靠的)—irresponsible(不负责任的,不可靠的)
war(战争,作战,打仗)—postwar(战后的)
pre
在……之前
pay(薪水,工资,支付)—prepay(预付)
war(战争,作战,打仗)—prewar(战前的,在战前)
pro
居前,领先
abortion—proabortion(流产,堕胎,失败,夭折,中止,早产)
pseudo
伪的,虚假,假拟
name(姓名)—pseudonym(假名,笔名)
hemi
半的
sphere(球体)—hemisphere(半球)
cycle(球体)—hemicycle(半圆形)
homo
相同的
type(类型)—homotype(同型)
sexual(性的)—homosexual(同性恋的)
il
(用在l之前)
不,否
legal(法律的,合法)—illegal(违法的)
literate(有文化的)—illiterate(文盲的,没受教育的)
under
在……之下,次于
develop(发展,显影)—underdevelop((使)发展不完全, (使)显影不足)
sea(海洋,大浪)—undersea(海面下的)
uni
单一
form(形态,构成)—uniform(统一的,相同的)
directional(方向的)—unidirectional(单向的,单向性的)
electronics(电子学)—microelectronics(微电子学)
mal
坏的,错误的
function(官能,功能,作用)—malfunction(故障)
treat(宴请,款待)—maltreat(虐待,滥用)
mid
中的,中间的
day(天,白天)—midday(正午)
night(夜,夜晚)—midnight(午夜)
meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)
co-
联合的,共同的
author(作家)—coauthor(合著者,共同执笔者)
exist(存在,生存)—coexist(共存)
col-
(用在字母l之前)
联合的,共同的
location(位置,场所)—collocation(排列,配置)
league(同盟,联盟)—colleague(同事)
axial(轴心的)—abaxial(离开轴心的)
aero-
航空的,飞行的,飞机的
plane(飞机)—aeroplane(飞机)
space(空间,间隔)—aerospace(航空宇宙)
anti-
反对的,反抗的
war(战争、作战、打仗)—antiwar(反战的,反对战争的)
virus(病毒)—antivirus(杀毒软件,抗病毒的)
divide(分,划分,分开)—subdivide(再分,细分)
section(部分)—subsection(分部,分段)
super
超的,在……之上
market(市场)—supermarket(超级市场)
natural(自然的,自然界的,普通的,正常的)—supernatural(超自然的,神奇的,超自然物,不可思议的事)
science(科学,自然科学)—pseudoscience(假科学,伪科学)
re
又,再
unite(联合,团结)—reunite((使)再结合)
use(使用)—reuse(再使用,重新使用)
self
自我
employed(雇用,用,使用)—selfemployed
taught(teach的过去式和过去分词)—selftaught
semi
半,不完全的
circle(圆周,圆形物)—semicircle(半圆形)
final(决赛)—semifinal(半决赛)
step
后,继
mother(母亲,妈妈)—stepmother(继母)
children(孩子,孩子们)—stepchildren(继子,继女)
sub
下,在下;低于,次于,副,亚,次
英语派生词常用词缀
派生词的构词方法:前缀+词根、词根+后缀、前缀+词根+后缀;
多记忆词根即基础词,这是通过构词法来记忆派生词的前提;
通过记一个例词来记住一个前缀或后缀。
一、Prefixes前缀
前缀具有一定的含义,主要功能是改变词根的意思,不改变词根的词性。
前 缀
含 义
例 词
ab-
相反,变坏,离开
normal(正常的)—abnormal(不正常的)
auto-
自己,独自
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