南航考博运筹真题

1、The distinctive character of our own time lies in the vast and constantly increasing part which is played by natural knowledge. Not only is our daily life shaped by it, not only does the prosperity of millions of men depend upon it, but our whole theory of life has long been influenced, consciously or unconsciously, by the general conceptions of the universe, which have been forced upon us by physical science.我们这个时代的区别性特征在于自然知识所占比重的大量的持续增长。

不仅我们的日常生活被自然科学影响，数百万人的繁荣取决于自然科学，我们的整个生活方式都有意识或无意识的被宇宙的一般概念物理科学所影响。

2、Not less excellent was the charm, last evening, of the January sunset. The western clouds divided and subdivided themselves into pink flakes changed with color of unspeakable softness, and the air had so much life and sweetness that it was a pain to come within doors. The leafless trees become purple flames in the sunset, with the blue cost for their background, and the stars of the dead flowers, and every withered stem and branch covered with frost, contribute something to the silent music.前天晚上，一月日落的魅力一点都没有减少，西边的云细分再细分为粉色的小薄片，变化成无法描述的色彩柔软，空气非常生动和甜蜜，仿佛可以感觉他们进入到房间的疼痛。

没有叶子的树木在落日中变成有蓝色背景的紫色的火焰，死去的花朵化为的星星，所有凋谢的茎和干被冰雪覆盖，汇入到这曲无声的音乐。

3、汽车是英格兰人最喜爱的地位象征之一，因此英格兰马路上汽车实在太多。

几乎每一个十七岁以上的英格兰人都有或能享用到车，并且经常开车，导致城市交通拥堵和停车困难，不过英格兰人在马路上很有礼貌，他们很少按喇叭，在交叉口相互让路。

The car is the most favorite status symbol for english, that there are so many cars on the road. Almost every people above 17 can enjoy their cars which are drived ususlly, which result to traffic congestion and parking difficulty. However, english are very polite on the road, and give path each other in the intersections.4、当今世界正处在历史性的大变动中，国际竞争日趋激烈，世界范围内的经济、文化和科学技术的竞争，归根到底是民族素质的竞争，妇女的素质影响到民族的素质，妇女的发展水平影响着一个国家的综合国力。

因此，妇女要发扬自尊，自信、自立、自强的精神。

At present our world is in the historical large change. International competitions is becoming increasingly fierce. The competition of economic、culture and science technology around the world, in the final is the competitions of the natural quality. Women’s quality influence the natural quality, and the develop level of women influence the comprehensive national strength. Therefore women should develop self-esteem, self-confidence, independent and self-improvement sprite.5、To improve the life quality of the whole nation, the Chinese government is going to set a new health care budger this year.Should citizens be totally responsible for their owr health costs or should they enjoy free medical services? What should the government do in improving the nation’s care system.1、the intellectual commerce that has propelled the explosive growth of international science and technology over the past 50 years is threatened. More than at any time, our government increasingly has sought to bar the entry of scientists from nations at odds with our foreign policy interests and to prevent the travel of US scientists to many of these same nations. This effort to selectively abridge scientific exchange threatens the vigor of the world’s science enterprise.There is perhaps no better rationale for freedom in the conduct of science than that provided by the statutes of the international council of scientific union: ICSU, as an international nongovernmental body, shall observe and actively uphold the principle do university of science. This principle entails freedom of association, expression, information, communication and movement in connection with international scientific activities.”Throughout the darkest days of the cold war , this statue was accepted by our government and used by the national academy of sciences to promote contracts between soviet and western scientists. Without such interactions, it was recognized that neither side would be able to fulfill its need to reduce tensions, build confidence,and develop workable schemes for arms control and weapons reductions.The variegated richness of science is a product of its diversity. In the wake of world war 2, the world’s scientific talent flocked to US and UK research universities and laboratories, thereby vastly enriching science. The efforts of government officials to slow this engine of exchange under the disguise of preventing weapons technology transfers threaten debilitating consequences for science here and abroad.1、经济增长不会永远持续。

即使我们能够提高利用资源及改变能源的效率，由于食物、空间及其他次要资源的限制，持续的经济扩张及对重要的次要生物产品的利用终究会达到极限。

在过去的几百年中，科学以一种扩张主义的模式已经帮助我们编制了许多有关自己和环境的有效假设。

现代科学必须引导我们通过动态有序的过渡从增长型经济转变成稳定型经济，这一过渡将引发深远的社会变化。

其中比较重要的变化包括我们将以什么样的手段，要达到何种目的，已经通过谁过去和应用新知识等方面的转变。