北京市房山区2020届高三一模英语试题(图片版含答案)
北京市房山区高三一模英语试题
2020届北京市房山区高三一模英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Learning isn’t simply about earning degrees or attending storied institutions. Books, online courses, MOOCs, professional development programs, podcasts, and other resources have never been more accessible, 1．(make) it easier than ever to make a habit of lifelong learning. Every day, each of us 2．(offer) the opportunity to pursue development. People who devote themselves to learning and who exhibit curiosity are almost always 3．(happy) and more socially and professionally engaging than those who don’t.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The high-speed railway line connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, went into operation on December 30th, 2019. 4．(design) with 5G signals and wireless charging, the smart train G8811 departed from Beijing North Railway Station 5．8:30 am to Zhangjiakou. The railway is 174 km long, with 10 stations along the line. With a maximum design speed of 350 kph, it greatly reduces the travel time from over three hours to 47 minutes, facilitating inter-city traffic. So far, the length of China’s railroad lines in service 6．(reach) 139,000 km, including 35,000 km of high-speed rail, ranking first in the world.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
北京市房山区2020届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题
北京市房山区2020届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题本试卷共 12 页，120 分。
考试时长 100 分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）密阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的词，封在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
线A内Learning isn’t simply a bout earning degrees or attending storied institutions. Books, online courses, MOOCs, professional developmentprograms, podcasts, and other resources have不never been more accessible, 1 (make) it easier than ever to make ahabit of lifelong能learning. Every day, each of us 2(offer) the opportunity to pursue development.People who devote themselves to learning and who exhibit curiosity arealmost always 3答(happy) and more socially and professionally engaging than those who don’t.题BThe high-speed railway line connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, went into operation onDecember 30th, 2019. 4 (design) with 5G signals and wireless charging,the smart train G8811 departed from Beijing North Railway Station 58:30 am to Zhangjiakou. The railway is 174 km long, with 10 stationsalong the line. With a maximum design speed of 350 kph, it greatly reducesthe travel time from over three hours to 47 minutes, facilitatinginter-city traffic.So far, the length of China’s railroad lines in service6 (reach) 139,000km, including 35,000 km of high-speed rail, ranking first in the world.CForsythia（连翘）is one of the earliest 7 (flower) blooming inspring, between March and May. It is a popular plant known fo r its bare branches filled with brilliant yellow flowers. The plant has fou r petals and its branches stretch upward, 8 is native to China. It’s easy to grow 9 it can tolerate unfavorable conditions and partial shade, but it grows best in fullsun. During July and August it produces fruit, often used in 10 (tradition) Chinese medicine, proven by some of the earliest Chinese medical texts dating back to some 4,000 years.第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2020北京房山高三一模英语含答案
2020北京房山高三一模英语本试卷共12页，120分。
考试时长100分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
ALearning isn’t simply about earning degrees or attending storied institutions. Books, online courses, MOOCs, professional development programs, podcasts, and other resources have never been more accessible, 1 (make) it easier than ever to make a habit of lifelong learning. Every day, each of us 2 (offer) the opportunity to pursue development. People who devote themselves to learning and who exhibit curiosity are almost always 3 (happy) and more socially and professionally engaging than those who don’t.BThe high-speed railway line connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, went into operation on December 30th, 2019. 4 (design) with 5G signals and wireless charging, the smart train G8811 departed from Beijing North Railway Station 5 8:30 am to Zhangjiakou. The railway is 174 km long, with 10 stations along the line. With a maximum design speed of 350 kph, it greatly reduces the travel time from over three hours to 47 minutes, facilitating inter-city traffic. So far, the length of China’s railroad lines in service 6 (reach) 139,000 km, including 35,000 km of high-speed rail, ranking first in the world.CForsythia（连翘）is one of the earliest 7 (flower) blooming in spring, between March and May. It is a popular plant known for its bare branches filled with brilliant yellow flowers. The plant has four petals and its branches stretch upward, 8 is native to China. It’s easy to grow 9 it can tolerate unfavorable conditions and partial shade, but it grows best in full sun. During July and August it produces fruit, often used in 10 (tradition) Chinese medicine, proven by some of the earliest Chinese medical texts dating back to some 4,000 years.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
北京市房山区2020届高三一模英语试题及答案
2020年北京市房山区高三一模试题第一部分：知识运用（共两节， 45分）笫一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分， 共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空．AI like reading. I I was 9 years old, J caught a bad cold. I had to stay at home for several weeks. My motl1er bougl1t me some novels. Soon I 2 (attract) by the stories. Since巾en l have made use of any rime to read. Now, I often surf the Internet al borne, where l've found many students like reading as 1 do. We exchange our reading experience and become online friends. 3 (read) brings me both happiness and friendship.BC伍nese communities红ound the world welcomed the Year of the Pig 4 February 5th. Celebrations took place across the globe, ranging from Southeast Asia's eenturies-old Chinese communitiesto the more recently 5 (establish) Chinatowns. ln the streets of several European 6 (city), performances of dragon dances and lion dances drew huge crowds of people. Celebrations in London are cxpcetcd 7 (last) a month with series of aetivities, 8 is the biggest Chinese New Year celebration outside Asia.CAccording to the report, Tian'anmen Square will enter the 5G era (时代）. This also means the Tian'ann,en Square 9 (become) a "5G smart square" in the near future. 5G networks not only have better signals and 10 (fast) download speeds, but also have a far-reaching impact on large tourist attractions. ln addition to meeting the needs of high-speed internet access, SG network can also support 4K HD v ideo calling, so as to bring better experiences for the general public and tourists第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅议下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．Two-year-old Samantha Savitz has a hearing problem. Living within a community where there arc no other 11 people around, her neighbors found a way to make her feel12 and mcluded.Samantha lives in lslington Road in Newton, Massachusetts. She loves to talk to anyone who knows ll._language, but not everyone in the neighborhood knows how to co111IDunicate with her."She's easy-going. She wants to talk with anybody." said ber father, Raphael咱er whole personality changes when people can 14 with her," said her mother, Glenda. It makes Samantha a little 15 when people can't interact with her.16 , Sumantba wanted to play with her neighbors btidly. Whenever they see her on a walk or in her yard, the little girl tries to be 17 . But they are f r LL5trated because they don't know how to talk to her."All of us would 18 to talk to her, but we don't know what to say." said one neighbor. "Basie。
2020房山高三英语一模考试试题加答案word 校对版
2020北京房山高三英语一模2020.4 本试卷共12页，120分。
考试时长100分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
ALearning isn’t simply about earning degrees or attending storied institutions. Books, online courses, MOOCs, professional development programs, podcasts, and other resources have never been more accessible, 1 (make) it easier than ever to make a habit of lifelong learning. Every day, each of us 2 (offer) the opportunity to pursue development. People who devote themselves to learning and who exhibit curiosity are almost always 3(h appy) and more socially and professionally engaging than those who don’t.BThe high-speed railway line connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, went into operation on December 30th, 2019. 4 (design) with 5G signals and wireless charging, the smart train G8811 departed from Beijing North Railway Station 5 8:30 am to Zhangjiakou. The railway is 174 km long, with 10 stations along the line. With a maximum design speed of 350 kph, it greatly reduces the travel time from over three hours to 47 minutes, facilitating inter-city traffic. So far, the length of China’s railroad lines in service6 (reach) 139,000 km, including 35,000 km of high-speed rail, ranking first in the world.CForsythia（连翘）is one of the earliest 7 (flower) blooming in spring, between March and May. It is a popular plant known for its bare branches filled with brilliant yellow flowers. The plant has four petals and its branches stretch upward, 8 is native to China. It’s easy to grow9 it can tolerate unfavorable conditions and partial shade, but it grows best in full sun. During July and August it produces fruit, often used in 10 (tradition) Chinese medicine, proven by some of the earliest Chinese medical texts dating back to some 4,000 years.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2020届房山中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案
2020届房山中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour Best Cities to Visit in WinterCold rains, icy sidewalks and gray skies can make winter travel a trial. But here are four cities around the world that make for a great cold-weather destination:Prague,Czech RepublicWith its snow-capped spires and winding streets,Pragueis a fairytale city that remains ly tourist-free in winter.The amazing architecture looks even prettier under a sheet of snow, with one of the most beautiful areas being the old town, with its Romanesque vaults. Gas street lamps have been placed throughout the city center, adding a romantic color1 to evenings. Cafes here are ideal for escaping the bitter cold.Salzburg,AustriaWith its Christmas songs and traditional markets, this is a perfect city for a winter break. “Silent Night” was performed for the first time in thechurchofOberndorfon the border ofSalzburgon Christmas Eve in 1818.The city's main market is held in the shadow ofSalzburg'sHohensalzburgCastle, but the one held inMirabell Squareis especially popular with food lovers who come to taste local food such as halusky—pieces of dumpling mixed with fried bacon.Tromso,NorwayTromso is widely regarded asNorway's most beautiful city and is a base for spoiling the northern lights. There are several attractive museums, including thePolarMuseum, which offers an insight into the history of Arctic expeditions, and theTromsoMuseum, which is famous for its Sami exhibitions.Amsterdam,NetherlandsIn winter,Amsterdam' s museums are much less crowded, making it the time to visit attractions such as Rijksmuseum or the Anne Frank House. Built originally to house a circus, the Royal Carre Theater is more than 130 years old. Children will love the spectacular performances.1. What can you do inPrague?A. Enjoy the fascinating architecture.B. Taste local food halusky.C. Appreciate Sami exhibitions.D. Watch a circus performance.2. Where was “Silent Night” first performed?A. In thechurchofOberndorf.B. InHohensalzburgCastle.C. InMirabell Square.D. In the Polar Museum.3. Which city will you choose if you want to see the northern lights?A. Prague.B. Salzburg.C. Tromso.D.Amsterdam.BThe race skywards began inAmerica. In the late1800s, industrialization had driven urban populations and land prices up, making tall buildings increasingly cost-effective, according to Carol Willis, director of theSkyscraperMuseuminNew York, “The very first tall buildings were office buildings that concentrated a work force, piled one on top of the other in order to make business very efficient, ”she says.Like all major changes in architecture, the trend wasunderpinnedby engineering. The development of steel framework, which could be used instead of load-bearing stones, made it easier and cheaper to build tall. The coming of the elevator, meanwhile, made living on higher floors far more convenient.Though similar in shape, today's skyscrapers (摩天大楼) look little like those built in the first half of the 20thcentury. This is mostly thanks to architecture's next major technological shift：the curtain wall.Postwar developments in manufacturing meant that huge panes of glass could be produced quickly and uniformly, and glass windows soon became the front of choice for high-rises. As well as allowing for greater floor space and more natural light, glass exteriors (外部) help. buildings resist greater windloads.There are now 191 completed skyscrapers that are at least 300 meters tall. But that doesn't mean our cities will grow taller indefinitely. While each additional story adds sellable floor space, construction costs also rise. All buildings reach a point where adding an extra floor will cost more money than it brings.“Every city wants to have this landmark that gives that sense of distinct culture, ”but it also needs places for people to live and work in urban settings“without the city sprawling (无序扩张), ”explains Hong Kong architect Simon Chan.The next big challenge facing architects goes beyond height：At a time when buildings and their construction account for more than a third of the world's energy consumption and contribute about 40% of greenhouse gas emissions(排放), there are new costs to consider.Whether it's employing more energy-efficient materials, encouraging natural air or using buildings themselves to generate solar or wind energy, reducing carbon emissions is the new frontier for many skyscraper architects.4. What does the underlined word“underpinned” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Created.B. Prepared.C. Suggested.D. Supported.5. What made living on higher floors much more convenient?A. The development of steel framework.B. Load-bearing stones.C. The use of the elevator.D. The curtain wall.6. What can we know from paragraph 5?A. Our cities will grow taller definitely.B. All skyscrapers are at least 300 meters tall.C. Construction cost rises as the stories increase.D. The profit for builders will be greater as the building becomes higher.7. What's the next big challenge facing architects?A. How to build the greenest building.B. How to build the strongest building.C. How to build the tallest building in the world.D. How to build the most comfortable building.CIdentifying the chemical makeup of pigment (色素) used in ancient documents, paintings, and watercolor1 s is criticalto restoring and conserving the precious artworks. However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color1 manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages — from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers fromPortugalhas finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gorgeous blueish-purple color1 that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life.The research team began byporing overinstructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitledThe Book on How to Make All the Color Paints for Illuminating Books. However, translating the instructions was no easy task. It was written in the now extinct Judaeo-Portuguese language, and though the source of the dye was traced back to a plant, no name was mentioned.However, by piecing together suggestions from the text, the scientists were able to determine that the dye was made from the bluish-green berries of the chrozophora tinctoria plant. After an extensive search, the teamfound a few varieties of the plant growing along the roadside near the town ofMonsarazin southPortugal.The detailed instructions gave the researchers critical clues — including the best time to pick the berries. “You need to squeeze the fruits, being careful not to break the seeds, and then to put them on linen (亚麻).” The scientist says the detail was important since broken seeds polluted the pigment, producing an inferior quality ink. The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times. When needed, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color1 .Once the key ingredient had been identified, the researchers began to determine the dye’s molecular structure. To their surprise, they found that folium was not like any other known permanent blue dyes — it was an entirely new class of color1 , one they named chrozophoridin. “Chrozophoridin was used in ancient times to make a beautiful blue dye for painting.” the team wrote in the study. “Thus, we believe that this will not be our final word on this amazing plant and its story and that further discoveries will follow soon.”8. The primary purpose of the study is to ________.A. restore and conserve ancient precious artworksB. determine the substance making up the foliumC. prove the ancient dye-making technique was organicD. identify which class of color1 folium belongs to9. The underlined phrase “poring over”in the second paragraph means ________.A. discussing publiclyB. testing repeatedlyC. passing directlyD. reading carefully10. What can be learned about the blue dye folium?A. It was essentially an inferior type of ink.B. It was the only kind made from wild berries.C. It could be carried and used easily.D. It was carefully squeezed from broken seeds.11. The article is mainly about _________.A. how the mystery ofa thousand-year-old blue dye was solvedB. why the researchers took the trouble to recreate the dyeC. what needs to be done to make an organic dye from a plantD. when and where the discovery of the dye was madeDKenyan mother Beth Mwende heard her sleeping child cry out, but did not worry after the three-year-old quickly quietened down. The next morning, however, she found her daughter, Mercy, nearly unconscious with two bite marks in the neck. “I didn’t know that it was a snake,” Mwende said.Although snakebites are common in her hometown, antivenom medication is difficult to get. Mwende lives about 160 kilometers east of Nairobi, Kenya’s capital. So she took her daughter to a traditional healer. He placed stones over the bites. Mercy died within hours. She was one of about 700 Kenyans killed by snakebites each year, notes a report in the scientific publicationToxicon.The Kenya Snakebite Research and Intervention Center (KSRIC) is working to change that. The KSRIC hopes to have East Africa’s first antivenom medication on the market within five years. It estimates the cost will be about 30 percent of an imported product, which often sells for about US $ 30.More than 70, 000 people are bitten in East Africa each year. Climate change and deforestation are worsening the problem as snakes get pushed out of natural surroundings into populated areas.Nearly 100 snakes live at the research center in a forest near Nairobi. Researchers take venom from snakes and study it before injecting small amounts into other animals, such as sheep. The animals then create antibodies that can be made into antivenom.“Up to now, no one has made any kind of antivenom in Kenya,’’ said Geoffrey Maranga Kepha, a senior snake handler.Two effective antivenoms are available in Kenya, from India and Mexico, the center says.The center is teaching communities that using antivenom immediately after receiving a snakebite can save lives, said head researcher George Adinoh.“After seeing how people died in Kenya from snakebites I decided to devote my life to coming up with a rescue measure that will help or prevent people from dying from snakebites,” snake handler Kepha added.12. How does the author introduce the topic of the text?A. By telling a story.B. By listing figures.C. By referririg to documents.D. By making a comparison.13. Why did Mwende take her daughter to a traditional healer?A. She couldn’t afford any modern treatment.B. She lived where antivenom medication is not available.C. The traditional way is very effective to treat snakebites.D. She believed a traditional healer could cure her daughter.14. What is causing more snakebites to happen in East Africa?A. Lack of antivenom medication.B. Environmental damage and climate change.C. People’s low awareness of the danger of snakes.D. People’s pursuit of traditional cures for snakebites.15. What do we know about antivenom in Kenya from the text?A. Itis taken from antibodies of sheep.B. There is only one effective antivenom available.C. KSRIC is trying to develop a local antivenom now.D. People refuse to use antivenom after being bitten by snakes.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届房山中学高三英语第一次联考试题及答案
2020届房山中学高三英语第一次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AJuanito Estrella has been a housekeeping manager on the US-based large passenger ship Carnival Spirit for 18 months and feels he has found the suitable position in his career(职业). He has always wanted to travel. “I guess I am a really restless spirit.I like traveling, so when the chance came, I jumped at it,” he says.The chance came in the form of a newspaper advertisement for work on cruise ships（游船）. At the time Estrella was the housekeeping manager at a Melbourne hotel. He applied and, after two interviews, a medical check and police clearance, the job was his.Estrella is responsible(负责的)for the cleanliness of the ship, making sure that 160 crew work properly. “I enjoy it because there is no other work-you wake up each day in a different place anda different culture. It’s exciting when you go to the next country and you don’t understand the language,” he says.Estrella likes being busy and getting to know people from all over the world. The 1,000 crew come from 94 countries, and Estrella has learnt Spanish and a little Croatian.But there is adownside. “You cannot get really drunk...because you have safety responsibilities to yourself and others,” he says. “You don’t really think about home.You start to think about home only when you get closer to your vacation and wonder what you’ll be doing.”Life on the ship is anything but cruising. Estrella and his fellows work at least 10 hours a day, seven days a week. He warns the job is not for everybody. “You have to love being busy and be prepared to work every day-and to give up drinking too much alcohol.” In his spare time, if the ship sails into a port, Estrella explores it, otherwise he works out in the crew’s gym, goes on the internet or calls home.1.Which of the following is true?A.He has been a housekeeping manager for 18 months.B.He doesn’t drink wine now.C.He cannot speak a foreign language.D.He used to be a housekeeping manager.2.The underlined word“downside”in paragraph 5 probably means ________ .A.disappointmentB.disadvantageC.failureD.loss3.In the last paragraph, the writer thinks that life on the ship is ________.A.not a tiring journey at allB.just an interesting voyageC.far from a voyage for pleasureD.more than a pleasant travel by seaBPablo Picasso was born on October25 inMalaga. Spain in 1881. Taking after his father, Picasso shared apassion（热爱）for painting and art. Even though he wasn't the best student in school, Picasso excelled at drawing. Noticing his amazing talent, Picasso's father, an artist, taught him everything he knew. Before long, Picasso could paint and draw much better than his father. With this rich talent, Picasso paid less and less attention to his schoolwork and spent the majority of his day sketching and drawing in notepads and sketchbooks.When he was a little bit older, Picasso moved twice and was accepted into two fine art programs. However, he didn't care very much for the special techniques they taught and often wandered the streets by himself drawing the scenes around him. After moving to these two places, Picasso moved back home toBarcelonaand decided that he would develop new techniques of art and painting based on what he saw.Later, Picasso decided to move toParis,France, where he began perfecting his own techniques of painting, drawing and other forms of art. His drawings. paintings, and an included pieces about sadness, poverty, classics and self-portraits. One of his major types of work is calledcubism（立体派），which includes art with all sizes of geometric shapes together on the piece of an. This type of art is very important because no other artists had come up with the idea before. Picasso decided to try something new, and as a result, cubismis widely accepted today as a classic style of art.Picasso inspires us to always be thinking. He tells us to think outside the box and come up with fresh new ideas that can change the world. He surely plays a significant role in the art field.4. What do we know about Picasso as a student at school?A. He hated doing his homework.B. He was very proud of his talent.C. He showed great talent for drawing.D. He was often praised by his teacher.5. What did Picasso's father do when he found Picasso's gift?A. He tried his best to help Picasso.B. He blamed Picasso for his laziness.C. He asked Picasso to finish his work on time.D. He encouraged Picasso to do better at school.6. What was Picasso's attitude towards the special techniques at that time?A. He thought highly of them.B. He took no interest in them.C. He was confused about them.D. He was concerned about them.7. What does the author tell us in the last two paragraphs?A. Picasso has great faith in art.B. Picasso has changed the world a lot.C. Picasso can do anything he wants to.D. Picasso is a highly creative artist.CScientists have long sought to prevent sharp memories from dulling with age, but the problem remains unsettled. Now research published in Scientific Reports suggests virtual reality might help older people recall facts and events based on specific details.The study involved 42 healthy older adults from the San Francisco Bay Area. Half spent a dozen hours over four weeks playing a virtual-reality game called Labyrinth; they wore headsets and walked in place, walking virtual neighborhoods while completing small tasks. The other half, in the control group, used electronic tablets to play games that did not require recalling details. After 15 sessions (期), the latter performed roughly the same as before on a long-term memory test. But the Labyrinth players gain an improvement in memory through the VR game. A scientist Peter Wais of the University of California said the improvements brought them up to the level of another group of younger adults taking the same memory tests.Meredith Thompson, an education researcher, studies learning through VR games but was not involved in the new study. It would be great to actually follow people over time and see what this type of game does for long-term memory. She says, adding VR can provide greater involvement than other games. Wais's team is now investigating how long the observed effects last and which elements of the training have the most impact.A cognitive (认知)psychologist, Daniel Simons, who was also not involved in the study, notes experiments with other games that claim to train the brain have often failed to evaluate this. And it remains unclear how test performance in a laboratorysetting might translate to real-world situations. The outcome, Simons notes, “needs tobe repeated, ideally with a much larger group, before it’s treated as a strong finding.”For now, Wais says, the team hopes its studies with similar-sized groups will help draw funding to test the game in a larger pool of participants.8. What is the passage mainly about?A. People's memory gradually fails as they age.B. People of different ages should play VR games.C. Virtual reality changes people's memory.D. Virtual reality improves older adults' memory.9. What is Meredith Thompson's attitude toward the research?A. satisfied.B. enthusiastic.C. cautious.D. concerned.10. According to the scientists, the research needs to be improved due to ________.A. the lack of financial support.B. the limited pool of participants.C. the unsatisfying test performance.D. the impractical application in real world.11. Where may the passage come from?A. A novel.B. A review.C. A magazine.D. A guidebook.DThe measurable threat to the environment has been worsened by the spread of COVID-19 that increases the need for plastic protective equipment. Most plastic is made from fossil fuels. Millions of tons of greenhouse gas are released from the development of these resources and plastic production and burning.The end life of plastic is just worrisome. Less than 10% of the plastic produced has been recycled. Even more of it has been burned. But the vast majority of plastic has been buried inland, and it is increasingly polluting the environment. We hear mostly about ocean plastic and the harm done to sea creatures that mistake plastic bags and bits for food. But microplastic is even more worrisome. Plastic doesn't break down biologically but instead breaks down into tiny particles（a very small piece of something）, which have been found in every corner of the planet, on land and in the air, in drinking water and food sources.Yet the public has not given this global environmental disaster the attention it requires. Instead, they have viewed single-use plastic—which makes up about 40% of plastic used each year—as a litter issue that can be solved through better recycling and waste management. That attitude must change because the recent globalbreakdown of the market for recycling has made it clear that it has never been, nor ever will be, able to keep up with plastic trash use.California has been the forerunner of plastic waste reduction—it was the first state to ban single-use plastic bags and may be the first state to transform the way goods are packaged. The state also came close to passing an act which would have required that products sold in plastic packaging in the state have a proven recycling rate of 75% by 2032. California, though influential, can't solve this crisis alone. The US has long been producing a great amount of plastic trash and it should engage in reducing the use of plastic as well.12. Why does the author mention the release of greenhouse gas in paragraph 1?A. To show the harm of plasticB. To warn of the climate change.C. To call for the development of fossil fuels.D. To highlight the importance of plastic equipment.13. What's the author's attitude towards the public opinion on single-use plastic?A. Favorable.B. Tolerant.C. Curious.D. Opposed.14. What's California's role in reducing plastic waste?A. A pioneer.B. A failure.C. An objector.D. A predictor.15. What can be the best title for the text?A. Microplastic Products Are HarmfulB. Waste Recycling Is an Urgent MatterC. Plastic Waste Pollution Is a Wake-up CallD. Global Environmental Disasters Are Increasing第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年房山中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析
2020年房山中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Middlerby Kirsty ApplebaumEleven-year-old Maggie lives in Fennis Wick, enclosed and protected from the outside world. Her brother Jed is the eldest, a hero. Her younger brother is Trig—everyone loves Trig. But Maggie's just a middler；she is left behind. In this book, we experience the sadness of being the forgotten middle child, the child with no voice, even in her own family.Dennis in Jurassic Barkby Nigel AuchterlounieBeanotown is in trouble again, and this time the danger is Jurassic! Dennis，latest adventure is filled with fun, including Vikings, Victorians and soon, along with puzzles for you to finish. Can you help Dennis save Beanotown from the prehistoric invasion?Little Book for Big Changesby Karen Ng and Kirsten LiepmannIncluding more than 100 activities, try-outs, games, puzzles and tips,Little Book for Big Changesoffers fun and creative ways to bring people together to help change the world. Understand more about big problems in the world such as inequality and climate change, and be empowered to help make the world a better place.The Saga of Erik the Vikingby Terry JonesIn this illustrated story, Erik the Viking sets out with his trusty team of men in search of the land where the Sun goes at night. On his journey, he will meet adventures that will put his courage to the test.1. Who told a story about an unseen child in a family?A. Terry Jones.B. Kirsty Applebaum.C. Nigel Auchterlounie.D. Karen Ng and Kirsten Liepmann.2. Which book is proper for kids who love prehistoric-related stories?A.The Middler.B.Little Book for Big Changes.C.Dennis in Jurassic Bark.D.The Saga of Erik the Viking.3. What is special aboutLittle Book for Big Changes"!A. It is about two people.B. It is an adventure book.C. It has picturesinside to help kids read.D. It teaches kids to care for the world.BHave you ever thrown a camel? Camels are large and heavy animals so it would be hard to throw. But in the French-speaking Democratic Republic ofthe Congo, “to throw a camel” is a way of saying “to make a spelling mistake”.In the past, a phrase like that was not accepted by the French government as an official French term. But recently, the French Ministry of Culture worked on a new kind of dictionary that accepts the idea that many people outside of France speak the language. The language has changed over time and is different in places like Ivory Coast in West Africa or Quebec in Cana-da, compared to how it is in ParisA new online dictionary, called the French speakers’ dictionary, includes new French words from around the world. It was released on March 18—just in time for International French Speaker’s Day on March 20.Supporters say the new Internet dictionary is more democratic than earlier French dictionaries that only showed the way highly educated French people spoke. The new dictionary includes unofficial words like “pourriel”, which means an unwanted email if you are in Canada. It is a word based on “courriel”, which just means an email.French President Emmanuel Macron proposed the idea of the dictionary in 2018. It now contains about 600.000 terms, Roselyne Bachelot is the French Culture Minister. She said the dictionary is not just for France's 67 million citizens, but for the 300 million French speakers worldwide.The aim, supporters say, is to recognize the way language changes. Words and expressions included in the dictionary come from over 50 countries—even from the United States Some people in the southern U. S. state of Louisiana speak French.People can see the dictionary on a website or with an app. Users can also send in new words they think should be included. Official dictionaries produced by the French Academy in Paris were first published hundreds of years ago and are regularly updated.4. What do we mean if we say a man “throws a camel” in French?A. He talks big.B. He is very strong.C. He makes a joke.D. He misspells a word.5. What is the purpose of the publication date of the new online dictionary?A. To celebrate an event.B. To honor foreign users.C. To draw more attention.D. To meet an urgent need.6. Where does the word “pourriel” come from?A. French.B. An email.C. A holiday.D. Canada.7. What can people do with the new dictionary?A. Update it regularly.B. Recommend new words to it.C. Change the meaning of its words.D. Regard it as an official dictionary.C“My P.E. teacher taught me maths.”It has been a common joke for years but when a P.E. teacher applied for the head-teacher job, many parents worried that “the joke could come true”. Some parents asked, “Does the P.E. teacher know maths and English?If not, how is he supposed to tutor the students?” But there were still parents who believed P.E. teachers had more time to discipline the students since they didn’t have many classes.This concern is actually a “subject bias”, that is, choosing a P.E. teacher as the head-teacher is not good for the students’ grades since he doesn’t know Chinese, maths, or English. It is acceptable for Chinese teachers, maths teachers and English teachers to be head-teachers because these subjects are important to entrance exams and scores. Such a concern reflects parents’ anxiety in the current educational environment, which tends to link the head-teacher’s responsible subject with the facts whether the school cares about the class and the children’s performances in the subject.Many people care about their kids’ academic performances only. They don’t care about their kids’ P.E. performance at all. Even if kids have P.E. classes, parents care little. P.E. teachers are in humble position and their classes are often occupied by other teachers. Of course, if students, P.E. performance is related to grades and entrance exams, parents won’t mind “a P.E. teacher being the head-teacher”.At the moment, P.E. is gradually included in entrance exams.In terms of high school entrance examination,Guangzhouwill launch a new high school entrance exam which includes P.E. performance and Health examination in 2021, raising the score to 70 points.In terms of the college entrance examination, universities having the right of independent enrollments added P.E. tests to their entrance exams in 2019. This practice is seen as an important signal that the assessment of physical fitness and athletic ability, which are important aspects of a student’s overall quality, may be included in the college entrance examination in the future.We hope that it’s a trend for P.E. teachers, music teachers and art teachers to become head-teachers.8. By saying “My P.E. teacher taught me maths”, what does the author intend to show us?A. It is just a joke that seldom happened in reality.B. P.E. teachers hardly assist students in maths.C. P.E. teachers are good at teaching maths..D. Parents doubt the ability of P.E. teacher.9. We can infer from paragraph 2 that a P.E. teacher .A. is of little benefit for students’ academic performanceB. is humbler than Chinese, math or English teachersC. reflects whether the school cares about the classD. gets unfairly judged due to the current educational system10. Why doesGuangzhouraise proportion of P.E. performance in high school entrance examination?A. To raise students’ awareness of physical health.B. To call on parents to pay attention to P.E. teachers.C. To test the overall ability of high school students.D. To make P.E. teachers equal with other teachers.11. What opinion does the author hold towards P.E. teachers working as head-teachers?A. Neutral.B. Unexpected.C. Supportive.D. Critical.DDid you know that the average child has heard the word "no" over 20,000 times before they turn the age of three? Ironically, it is also around this time that children begin to develop enough personal character to refuse to obey. The "terrible twos" are categorized by a lack of understanding. Somewhere between three and four, children begin to acquire the skills to reason. It is during this time they watch how other children and adults reason. If we're not careful, the children will watch us model a world of "NOs".By the time a person turns eighteen, how many times have they been told no? I haven't found any studies that even attempted to track this statistic, but I'm sure if the number is 20,000 by three, then at eighteen that number has multiplied. You can do the math.Anyway, I think I know why we say no. We say no to protect. We say no to direct. We say no to stop potential confusion. However, do we sometimes say no just for the sake of saying no? Do we say no because we have internalized(内在化)all of the "NOs" we've heard over the years and we feel it is finally our time to say no tosomeone else?The internalized no can damage the growth process of dreams in infancy as quickly as it can weaken a three-year-old. And we wonder why we run intopeople with big, un-accomplished dreams who have a bit of a chip on their shoulder. They have to take on the 20,000 NOs. However, the thing that keeps them going is the possibility of the power of ONE YES! Just as it only takes one book to make a writer a Pulitzer Prize Winner, it only takes one word to change the course of your day. That word is YES!12. What do we know about two- year- olds?A. They understand well.B. They often say no to others.C. They think logically.D. They don't do all they're told.13. What effect does saying no have on children?A. They lose all their dreams.B. They aren't easy to succeed.C. They don't make mistakes.D. They never say yes to others.14. Which word best describes the author's attitude to a world of "NOs"?A. Tolerant.B. Disapproving.C. Favorable.D. Carefree.15. What is the text?A. A how-to guide.B. A survey report.C. An opinion essay.D. A short story.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届北京市房山区夏村中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析
2020届北京市房山区夏村中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AMust-see MusicalsReady to get back to the theater and enjoy some toe-tapping show tunes? Whether you're a Londoner or just visiting the capital for a day, you're sure to find a good night out from our selection of must-see musicals. Book your ticketsin advance to catch the hottest shows!●TINA- The Tina Turner MusicalFrom humble beginnings in Nutbush, Tennessee, to her transformation into global Queen of Rock n' Roll, Tina Turner didn't just break the rules, she rewrote them. This new stage musicalreveals the story of a woman who dared to defy the bounds of her age, gender and race. TINA—The Tina Turner Musical is written by Oliver Award-winning playwright Katori Hall and directed by Phyllida Lloyd.Performance times: Monday 7 pm; From June 3, 2021 until June 26, 2022Venue: Aldwych Theater, 49 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4DF●The Lion KingTaking the famous story of Simba and his ascension to king, the stage show is a one-way ticket to Pride Lands. With fascinating scenery drawing you in, you'll almost feel like you're part of the action as you journey through Simba's world. To bring The Lion King to life, the show's original director, Julie Taymor, combined live performers and creative props. Creating a visual feast that's since redefined how musicals could and should look, The Lion King really is an all singing, all-dancing affair.Performance times: Tuesday—Saturday 7: 30 pm; From June 1, 2021 until April 3, 2022Venue: Lyceuwm Theater, 21 Wellington Street, London WC2E 7RQ●The Prince of EgyptJourney through the wonders of Ancient Egypt as two young men, raised together as brothers in a kingdom of privilege, find themselves suddenly divided by a secret past. One must rule as Pharaoh, but the other must rise up and free histrue people; both face a destiny that will change history forever.With a huge cast and orchestra of almost 60 artists, this “truly phenomenal production” is based on the classic Dream Works Animation film and features the international best-selling, Academy Award-winning songWhen You Believe.Performance times: Monday—Saturday 7: 30 pm; From July 1, 2021 until January 8, 2022Venue: Dominion Theater, 268—269 Tottenham Court Rd, Fitzrovia, London W1T 7AQ1. Who is the author of TINA—The Tina Turner Musical?A. Oliver Award.B. Katori Hall.C. Phyllida Lloyd.D. Tina Turner.2. What is special for The Lion King?A. It is written by a famous director.B. It reveals a conflict between two brothers.C. It offers a lifelike feast for eyes.D. It shows the importance of protecting lions.3. If you prefer the songWhen You Believe, which theater should you go to?A. Dominion Theater.B. Lyceuwm Theater.C. Aldwych Theater.D. Egypt Theater.BOver 180 teenage girls from LixianCounty No. 1 Middle School in Longnan city, Gansu province, listened carefully to a lecture about neuroscience (神经科学). It was delivered by a director of the experimental surgery department at The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University in Xi’an.The students also joined a science class to make paper rockets to launch into the sky. A plastic bottle was connected with a long pipe joined to the end of the rocket, and students stepped heavily on the middle of the bottle so hard that the air pressure shot the rocket upward.The program started in 2016 as a one-week summer camp in Beijing that invited female students to take science courses and to interact with women in science. It aims to stir (激发) an interest in science and technology among female students.“I’m excited to take the opportunity because it’s been my biggest wish to popularize science among students. They can broaden their eyes and hopefully some of them will devote themselves to the field of neuroscience,” the director says. “It’s necessary to bring more of these activities on campus. I’m willing to communicate with teenagers, some of whom ask deep and thoughtful questions that I would never think of.”The key to science popularization is to imbue (灌输) others with the spirit of science. Some scientific and technological workers have devoted themselves to a job in a certain field and they enjoy the pleasure of scientific research. Female Chinese scientific and technological workers sometimes have to double their efforts to receive the same treatment or recognition as those male scientific workers. However, after years of continued effort, the situation will improve, showing the increasing number of female scientists in China.4. What is the purpose of the program?A. To praise the efforts of women scientists.B. To find out how much girls love science.C. To develop interest in science among girls.D. To show love for students in Western China.5. How does the director think of the program?A. Important.B. Challenging.C. Confusing.D. Serious.6. What is the most important in science popularization?A. Enjoying the fun of scientific research.B. Filling people with the spirit of science.C. Holding more scientific activities on campus.D. Forcing students to choose scientific subjects.7. What can we learn from the text?A. One can go anywhere if he/she learns science well.B. People have a stronger sense of science than before.C. Male scientists are much easily recognized than female ones.D. Thedirector graduated from Lixian County No. 1 Middle School.CThe connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conductedin Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Instituteof Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day beused to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.8. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.9. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To detect plants’ lack of waterB. To change compositions of plantsC. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.10. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?DThe man who invented the World Wide Web a few decades ago is calling for major changes to make it betterfor humans. In an open letter published on Tuesday, Berners-Lee said that the web was used by half the world's population.Berners-Lee said the web had clearly created great opportunities for humans to progress and had made life easier for millions of people. Actually, it also has offered opportunities to groups traditionally not heard a new voice in society. However, he added that the web had also provided new ways for cheats to commit crimes (犯罪).“Against the background of news stories about how the web is misused, it's understandable that many people feel afraid and unsure if the web is really a force for good,” he wrote.Berners-Lee created a group called the World Wide Web Foundation. He islooking for help from governments, companies and people to become more involved in shaping the web to do more good for humans. His actual plan is called the “Contract (合同) for the Web”.Under this contract, governments are called on to take steps to makesure all people can connect to the Internet and that personal privacy is respected. Businesses are asked to keep the Internet prices low so more people can use the web. In addition, companies should respect privacy and develop technologies that aim to put people first.The plan also calls on people to create materials for the web and work with others to make sure that is rich, quality information for everyone. Besides, people should seek to “build strong communities that respect personal speech and human equality.” “The path to make the Internet better is the responsibility of everyone who uses it,” Bermers-Lee added, “Making big changes will not be easy, but will be very well worth it in the end.”12. What does Berners-Lee think of the World Wide Web?A. It is his greatest regret.B. It stops the progress of humans.C. It needs improving.D. It does more harm than good.13. What's wrong with the web according to Berners-Lee?A. It is misused for bad purposes.B. It is misunderstood by all people.C. It blocks out a new voice in society.D. It is expensive for half the world’s population.14. What are governments called on to do under the “Contract for the Web”?A. Put technology first.B. Create materials for the web.C. Popularize the Internet.D. Make the Internet free of charge.15. What should people do with the Internet in Berners-Lee's opinion?A. Be responsible for it.B. Absolutely reject it.C. Completely rely on it.D. Be unconcerned about it.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届北京市房山区长阳中学高三英语一模试题及答案
2020届北京市房山区长阳中学高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AChildren under the age of 18 will be allowed up to three hours per week to play video games, according to a notice issued by China's National Press and Publication Administration. Online game companies are required to provide services to minors — from8 to 9 p. m. on Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays — as a way to safeguard their physical and mental health. Children are playing more and more online games these days. Is it time to limit their online gaming time? What role do parents have? Readers share their opinions.RizlaredOnline games are addictive, but if children are taught how to manage in a sensible and responsible manner then it is no longer a threat(威胁).To achieve this, parents need to set examples for not being glued to their phones. Teaching is and always will be the best solution to such problems.AndrewGood policy. By limiting time spent on online games, kids can spend time doing more useful things to develop their potential. They can go outside and run, jump and swim instead of sitting on a couch at home and playing with a smart phone.AdamIt is often seen that parents argue with children over cellphones. Most parents can hardly set and enforce the time limit for its daily usage. Some forcibly take away their cellphones, but it will ruin trust and relationship. Even worse, it will make their kids hate them.PinkExcessive(过度的）gaming is purely a waste of time and energy for minors and has a negative effect on both physical and mental health. The gaming industry should not put profit- flaking interests as its priority (优先事项) . They should act in a socially responsible way toprovide an environment for children to ensure their well-being and development.LaurenThere would be a loophole(漏洞). Children could use their parents’ or other adults’ IDs to avoid real-name registration, thus making it impossible to put this policy in effect. Parents ly need to strengthen guidance andsupervision to keep their children from gaming addiction.1. What should kids do according to Andrew?A. Play online games.B. Play with a smart phone.C. Study all the time.D. Go in for outside activities.2. What does Pink advise the gaming industry to do?A. Pay attention to its profit.B. Focus on kids’ health.C. Be responsible for kids’ surroundings.D. Persuade kids lo play more games.3. What role do parents have according to the passage?A. They keep hold of their phones.B. They set examples for their kids.C. They limit their kids’ time.D. They blame kids for addiction.BNewspapers in Great Britainvarygreatly in their ways of carrying the news. There are serious papers for those who want to know about important happenings everywhere, both at home and abroad. There are popular newspapers for those who prefer entertainment to information.The London newspaper that is best known outside Great Britain is probably the Times. It began in 1785, and has a high reputation for believable news and serious opinions on the news. It calls itself an independent paper, which means that it does not give its support to a particular political party. Its leading articles give the opinions of the editors, not those of the owners of the paper.Letters to the editor are printed in the newspaper. These parts of the Times are always interesting. Most of the letters are serious subjects. But from time to time there will be long letters on the subject which is not at all serious, perhaps on a new fashion of dress, or the bad manners of the young people, compared with manners of thirty years ago.4. If you want to get pleasure, please buy yourself _________.A. a serious newspaperB. foreign newspaperC. any independent paperD. a popular newspaper5. The Times has been famous to outside Great Britain for ________ years.A. 19B. 85C. 236D. 2296. The Times is an independent paper because ________.A. it supports no political partiesB. it is not controlled by the British GovernmentC. it gives special support to all the political parties.D. the editor’s opinions are not examined by the owners of the paper7. The underlined word “vary” in the passage probably means “_________”.A. improveB. compete with each otherC. are differentD. keep in touch with each otherCIn Japan many workers for large corporations have a guarantee of lifetime employment. They will not be laid off during recessions or when the tasks they perform are taken over by robots. To some observers, this is capitalism at its best, because workers are treated as people not things. Others see it as necessarily inefficient and believe it cannot continue if Japan is to remain competitive with foreign corporations more concerned about profits and less concerned about people.Defenders of the system argue that those who call it inefficient do not understand how it really works. In the first place not every Japanese worker has the guarantee of a lifetime job. The lifetime employment system includes only “regular employees.” Many employees do not fall into this category, including all women. All businesses have many part time and temporary employees. These workers are hired and laid off during the course of the business cycle just as employees in the United States are. These “irregular workers” make up about 10 percent of the nonagricultural work force. Additionally, Japanese firms maintain some flexibility through the extensive use of subcontractors. This practice is much more common in Japan than in the United States.The use of both subcontractors and temporary workers has increased markedly in Japan since the 1974-1975 recession. All this leads some people to argue that the Japanese system really is not all that different from the American system. During recessions Japanese corporations lay off temporary workers and give less business to subcontractors. In the United States, corporations lay off those workers with the least working experience. The difference then is probably less than the term “lifetime employment” suggests, but there still is a difference. And this difference cannot be understood without looking at the values of Japanese society. The relationship between employer and employee cannot be explained in purely contractual terms. Firms hold on to the employees and that employees stay with one firm. There are also practical reasons for not jumping from job to job. Most retirement benefits come from the employer. Changing jobs means losing these benefits. Also, teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production. Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily, lower productivity and lower pay.8. According to the passage, a woman in Japan _________.A. cannot get a lifetime jobB. is impossible to get a part time jobC. will be employed for lifeD. is among the regular workers9. Which of the following is NOT the reason why Japanese workers stay with one firm?A. They don’t want to lose their retirement benefits.B. They are not adaptable people.C. Any change of jobs will make them less paid.D. They get used to the teamwork.10. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.A. those who want to change jobs frequently in Japan should think twiceB. those who are first laid off by American corporations are temporary workersC. the use of subcontractors makes Japanese firms less flexibleD. the Japanese system is totally different from the American system11. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The extremely hard situation during recessions.B. The extensive use of subcontractors in Japan.C. The characteristics of corporations in the United States.D. The features of lifetime employment in Japan.DA PhD student inMichigandefended her paper while wearing a skirt madeof rejection letters she received while studying. 29-year-old Caitlin Kirby printed out 17 of her rejection letters — from scholarships, academic journals, and conferences — then folded each one into a fan. She connected them in rows, and by the end she designed the item into a skirt and wore it.She said that the idea behind her unique clothing item came out of a desire to normalize rejection and take pride in overcoming it. "The whole process of revisiting those old letters and making that skirt sort of reminded me that you have to apply to a lot of things to succeed," she said. "A natural part of the process is to get rejected along the way."Caitlin's adviser, Julie Libarkin, a professor of earth and environmental science atMichiganStateUniversity, also encourages the acceptance of failure in her students. Libarkin believes it's important for students to get into habit of applying for things, and to get used to the feeling of rejection, so she encourages them to chase after any opportunity that comes their way. If a student doesn't get the grant or the spot in the academic journal, that's okay. They'll still have learned something in the process.As for Caitlin? Her rejections over the years have led to great things: Since her doctorate, she's won ascholarship to do further research on urban agriculture inGermany.Currently, she's a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. As for what the future holds? "I'm prepared to receive a few more rejection letters along the way," she joked heartily, "Maybe I'll make a longer skirt."12. What can we learn about Caitlin Kirby's rejection letters?A. She received 17 rejections in total.B. 29 of her rejections were from journals.C. The rejections were connected into a fan.D. She made some rejection letters into a skirt.13. What is Julie Libarkin's attitude towards Caitlin's action?A. Favorable.B. Ambiguous.C. Skeptical.D. Opposed.14. Which of the following words can best describe Catlin?A. Creative and considerate.B. Caring and determined.C. Optimistic and humorous.D. Generous and intelligent.15. Which of the following may Caitlin agree with?A. Hard work pays off.B. Education is the entrance to success.C. Self-respect earns more respect.D. One needs to normalize failures.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。