The Study and Application of the lOT Technology in Agriculture
天津市河西区2024-2025学年高三上学期期中质量调查英语试卷(含答案,无听力原文及音频)
河西区2024-2025学年度第一学期高三年级期中质量调查英语试卷第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共95分）第一部分英语知识运用（共两节；满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1. —I’m thinking about learning a new instrument, but I’m a bit worried. I’m too old.—You’re never too old to learn something new. ________A. You are joking.B. Don’t mention it.C. Please yourself!D. Go for it!2. —What’s that noise?—Oh, I forget to tell you. The new machine ________.A. is testingB. was being testedC. is being testedD. has been tested3. Our goal is to maximize our ________ for personal growth.A. potentialB. bonusC. obstacleD. shadow4. —Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere.—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since.A. wroteB. had writtenC. has been writingD. is writing5. Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without ________ tireless work, none of these achievements would be possible.A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. that6. —Do you mind closing the door?—________.A. Don’t mention itB. I don’t like itC. Not in the leastD. Never mind7. We are pleased to see the suggestion ________ in many schools to help free students from the heavy schoolwork.A. adoptedB. adoptingC. adoptD. to adopt8. The workers are determined to go through with their railway project, ________ the expenses have risen.A. as long asB. even thoughC. now thatD. as though9. I am ________ to ask for anything specific, because I feel like I will be asking for trouble.A. passionateB. complexC. reluctantD. innocent10. Many Chinese parents are willing to spend money on camp education and study tours for their children, ________ the industry a booming market with great potential.A. to makeB. makingC. having madeD. made11. ________she couldn’t understand, was ________ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; whyB. That; whatC. What; becauseD. Why; that12. Let’s not just ________ the idea before we’ve even thought about it.A. retreatB. submitC. suspendD. dismiss13. Having experienced all kinds of hardships, he ________ reached his destination.A. unfortunatelyB. ultimatelyC. generallyD. purposefully14. We have no doubt that if the students’ interest in the subject is aroused, they will the ________ challenge and commit more of their time and energy to their studies.A. face up toB. keep pace withC. put up withD. live up to15. George ________ too far. His coffee is still warm.A. must have goneB. might have goneC. can’t have goneD. needn’t have gone第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。
skopos theory——目的论
A Review of the Application and Study of FunctionalistSkopos Theory in ChinaSkopos theory is the core of the German Functionalist translation theory. It has been more than ten years since functionalist skopos theory was first introduced into China. Great achievements have been made in its introduction, application and study. Though greatly approved, it also faces doubts and criticisms from the Chinese translation circle. Those in favor of the theory translate and introduce the theory to people and apply it to various translation practices while the critics points out its demerits from different angles. The reasons why skopos theory is so greatly approved are as follows: it is target text-oriented, and is not confined to “faithfulness”; it has a strong capability of explaining the irregular translation phenomena. And its criticisms result from the weaknesses of the theory itself.Since the skopos theory was first introduced into China, the articles and studies about it spring up like mushrooms after rain. These studies concern the definition of translation, translation criteria, translation criticism, translation teaching, translation strategy, literary and non -literary translation, etc. In recent years, many articles combine the skopos theory with other theory; even compare the skopos theory with the Chinese traditional translation theory, such as Zhou Mengzhen’s Skopos Theory and Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance—Comparison of the Two Translation Theory from East and West. Through the comparison of the similarities and differences of the two theories and analysis of their own characteristics, the author proposed that skopos theory is a theoretical system which is purpose-oriented and with a diversified translation criteria. While Yan Fu’s theory is more abstract, vague and subjective. The two theories have similarity in pursuing fidelity, coherence and adaptation of readers, but differ in translation criteria and importance of translator. The application of skopos theory on translation teaching is also a cause for concern. Typical examples are The Construction of Translation Textbooks from the Perspective of Skopos Theory and Functionalist Skopos Theory and Translation Teaching in China. Authors make researches and analysis for the domestic translation teaching and thenput forward precious suggestion and opinions.Retrieving the keyword “skopos theory” in CNKI, limiting the time from 2005 to 2013, we find 1156 results. Researches on skopos theory rise obviously in the past eight years. The published papers present an increasing trend year by year. This means that skopos theory attracts more and more scholars’ attention in China. Particularly in 2012, the published papers is as high as 248. Skopos theory receives a lot of publicity and is widely used in all kinds of field. Constantly produced relevant papers are best instances to illustrate this point. Analyzing these skopos theory papers as a whole, we can find huge difference in the types of research. The number of papers about translation strategy is as high as 82%, in which the non-literary researches are 80% and the literary researches are 2%. By contrast, papers relevant translation criticisms are 15%, while the translation theory and translation teaching related papers are 5%. These figures suggest that there has been an intensified interest in translation strategy in the domestic skopos theory research and the non-literary field is predominant. It shows that Chinese scholars focus on how the skopos theory used as translation strategy in non-literary text, while the application of skopos theory in translation theory, criticisms and teaching are less. All these papers fall into three categories: judgment, application and research. The first category mainly discusses the introduction, dissemination and judgment of skopos theory. The application papers analyze some typical texts under the perspective of skopos theory. The last category analyzes the skopos theory in deep and makes a combination with other translation theory. The first two categories are superior in number, which are 38% and 42%. However, the research papers make up only a small proportion. It indicates that the domestic research about skopos theory develop unbalanced.Research about skopos theory injects fresh energy to our translation research, but we cannot afford to ignore the problem in it. Firstly, the research has not been systemized and the content and angle are a bit pale. The research of skopos theory in translation criticisms, theory and teaching are comparatively of lack. Moreover, the research range is narrow. We only narrowed our sight on the quotation of several important principles and concepts of skopos theory, but ignored the discussion andexpand the importance of skopos theory in original text and literary translation. The last but not the least, the imbalance of research types is worthy of our attention. Papers about judgment and application outnumber the research papers. And many papers just focus the superficial phenomenon rather than discern the essence. Only the comprehensive and systematic research and the substantial evidence analysis can make a better understanding of skopos theory.。
六级英语范文
六级英语范文1Oh my goodness! The CET-6 exam is of paramount significance for college students! How could one underestimate its influence? Firstly, passing the CET-6 exam significantly enhances the employability of students. In today's highly competitive job market, employers often view a CET-6 certificate as a crucial indicator of one's English proficiency. For instance, many multinational companies and large enterprises explicitly require candidates to have passed the CET-6 when recruiting. This certificate serves as a powerful passport, opening the door to numerous high-quality job opportunities that would otherwise be out of reach. Isn't it amazing how a simple certificate can make such a difference?Moreover, the CET-6 certificate plays a vital role in the application process for studying abroad. When applying to foreign universities, a good score in CET-6 can demonstrate one's language ability and academic potential. It can increase the chances of being admitted to prestigious institutions and obtaining scholarships. Just imagine, with a solid foundation in English provided by the CET-6, students can pursue higher education in an international environment and broaden their horizons. How wonderful is that?In conclusion, the CET-6 exam is not just an ordinary test but a keythat unlocks numerous opportunities for college students. It is a stepping stone to a brighter future and a valuable asset in the journey of personal development. So, dear students, let's strive to pass this exam and embrace the possibilities it brings!2Oh my goodness! The CET-6 exam is truly a challenging feat! Let's delve into the difficulties it poses and the strategies to overcome them.The listening section can be a real headache! The rapid pace and diverse accents often leave us bewildered. How to deal with it? Frequent exposure to English podcasts and movies can be of great help. Immersing ourselves in real-life English audio helps us get accustomed to different speeds and accents. And regular practice with mock tests is essential too!When it comes to the reading comprehension, those long and complex sentences are like mazes! But fear not! Breaking them down into smaller parts and analyzing the grammar structure is the key. Understanding the main idea first and then focusing on the details can make the task less overwhelming. For instance, identifying the subject, verb, and object helps clarify the meaning.In conclusion, the CET-6 exam is no easy task, but with the right strategies and consistent effort, we can surely conquer it! So, let's gear up and face the challenge with determination and confidence!How to Prepare for CET-6 Efficiently?Preparing for the CET-6 exam can be a challenging but rewarding task. How can we do it efficiently? Well, first and foremost, making a reasonable study plan is of great significance! You should allocate your time for different sections such as listening, reading, writing and translation. For instance, you could spend an hour every day practicing listening comprehension. Isn't that a good idea?In addition, making use of fragmented time is also very important! You can review some vocabulary or do some reading exercises when waiting for the bus or having a break. This can really accumulate a lot over time. Don't you think so?Moreover, joining an English learning community is a wonderful choice! You can encourage and supervise each other. When you feel tired or want to give up, the companions in the community will give you support and motivation. How amazing it is!In conclusion, efficient preparation for the CET-6 requires a combination of a good plan, utilization of fragmented time and the support of a learning community. So, let's take action right now and strive for a good result in the exam. Can we do it? Yes, we can!Oh my goodness! The College English Test Band 6 (CET-6) is truly a remarkable stepping stone for the enhancement of English proficiency. How could one underestimate its significance? Let me elaborate on this with several compelling examples.First and foremost, the improvement in writing skills is quite astonishing. Before taking the CET-6, my writing was often muddled and lacked coherence. But through the process of preparing for this exam, I learned various writing techniques and structures. Now, I can organize my thoughts clearly and express them precisely in my compositions. Isn't that a huge leap forward?Moreover, the expansion of vocabulary is another obvious benefit. The CET-6 requires a vast vocabulary to handle the diverse topics and complex language expressions. By memorizing and applying new words, I can now communicate more accurately and vividly. How amazing is it to have such a rich vocabulary at one's disposal?In addition, the progress in oral expression cannot be ignored. The frequent practice of listening and imitating in the exam preparation has greatly enhanced my fluency and pronunciation. I can now express my ideas smoothly and confidently in English conversations. Isn't that a wonderful achievement?In conclusion, the CET-6 is undoubtedly a powerful driving force forthe improvement of English abilities. It not only enriches our knowledge but also shapes our language skills. So, let's embrace this challenge and strive for excellence in the pursuit of mastering English!5Oh, my dear friends! Let's take a deep and thoughtful look at the long-term significance of the CET-6 examination for our future development. It is not just a test; it is a key that unlocks countless doors of opportunities.Firstly, consider the aspect of career advancement. In today's highly competitive job market, having a CET-6 certificate can significantly enhance one's competitiveness. For instance, many multinational companies and prestigious enterprises regard it as an important criterion when recruiting. It shows that the candidate has a certain level of English proficiency, which is crucial for international business communication and cooperation. How wonderful it is to have this advantage in the job hunt!Secondly, when it comes to academic research, CET-6 is also of great significance. In the field of science and technology, a large amount of cutting-edge research results and academic literature are in English. Mastering a high level of English through CET-6 enables us to better access and understand these valuable resources, opening up broader horizons for our research. Isn't it amazing how it can facilitate our academic progress?In conclusion, the CET-6 examination is not just a hurdle to cross, but a stepping stone towards a brighter future. It empowers us in career andacademic pursuits, shaping a more promising path for our personal development. So, let's strive to achieve excellent results in this examination and embrace the wonderful possibilities it brings!。
谈谈对小学教育专业的认识英语版
谈谈对小学教育专业的认识英语版Primary school education is not only the enlightenment education,but also the foundation project of lifelong education.The ability and knowledge obtained by primary school students in this stage will affect their lifelong development.As a primary school teacher,therefore,not only need solid language foundation of basic skills,good teaching skills,but also need to constantly develop and improve themselves,constantly enrich himself in the process of work and study,and the application of learned knowledge and methods to the teaching practice,efforts to improve the quality of teaching,let the pupils can learn and grow in the happy environment.A lot of people have a misunderstanding about primary education,thinking that I can teach primary school students without studying this major.But let me tell you something.This is wrong.Primary school is the most difficult stage to teach,because children are small,their cognition has not yet reached,so they look at many problems and we adults are not the same,we can not use our thinking to teach them.So as a primary school teacher:First of all,we should fully understand the characteristics of students'learning in order to effectively educate and guide students'learning.Secondly,the teacher should grasp the psychology of every child,every child is an independent individual,they can't be required to be consistent.Finally,we should guide children to set learning goals,they are too young to understand many problems,so as teachers,we should help them to solve them.To sum up,with the reform and perfect modern teaching mode,teachers'priority is to adapt to the transformation of teacher's role,from the traditionalknowledge,dominator,occupant,into the student to study participants,organizers,and directors,advocate the active participation of students,to explore and hands-on education idea,change teaching methods,In the teaching process,we should actively interact with students and develop together.。
父母作文之请给父母写一封信介绍自己在大学里的学习生活英语作文
父母作文之请给父母写一封信介绍自己在大学里的学习生活英语作文Hello University life is the life of the University, the university is the knowledge of the ocean. Here is a vast library of information and advanced equipment, can make college students access to a wide range of knowledge, to develop the necessary professional skills. University is the last leg of the students from the ivory tower to the society, it is a strong link between the society and the campus, reasonable use of the time in college, so that their university life becomes full of dreams for the future to the community has a lot of positive effect. I congratulate you on entering the university campus, perhaps you will say that there is nothing worthy of congratulations on the exam, but I still want to congratulate you, the most not it is also a year of undergraduate school, although it is not your initial dream, but as long as you work hard it will become your place to fly. Bid farewell to the family you alone came here, in this strange place you feel warm, you tell me that you really did not expect, in the University and other provinces of the university should also have a party secretary also remember you, the school will give you a money, and a grant also gave you, he often talk with you. This feeling is like the rain water down your loneliness.Beginning when you are confident, you said in the university four years, you must exercise your communication skills. Therefore you muster up all your courage through the campaign into class committee, the want to improve your communication skills through this position, but you intothe class committee when you have what, get what, you're not so shy, so shy, class of each event, not in Mandarin is not good, what will shirk. Hey! Tell me what are your brothers and sisters? University may is your school on the road last system perfect oneself, also may be your last time free to arrange a time, is more likely to be the last time you do the things you like to do, don't put you can do today till tomorrow to do, tomorrow duplicate tomorrow tomorrow.University Teaching mentor. Gathered here, many scholars and experts, they are proficient in the basic theory of the profession, to understand the latest academic results, with a wealth of scientific research and practice experience, familiar with the objective laws of education. Under the guidance of the teacher, through the system of teaching activities and strict scientific training, the students can system accurately grasp basic knowledge and professional knowledge, and close to the frontiers of the discipline, improve professional ability especially the professional creative ability. At the same time, through the monasteries also from these mentors there learn life truth, training a good style of study, accept the personality edification.University has a strong learning and research and development of the atmosphere. This is the base of knowledge innovation, dissemination and application. It is the cradle of cultivating innovation spirit, and it is the place that accepts the influence of humanistic spirit and scientific spirit. Lead the academic atmosphere, promote the exchange of ideas, cultivate moral integrity, the construction of spiritual civilization, is the soul of the university. Students can learn scientific knowledgein the University, and a wide range of new ideas and academic achievements, and constantly improve their own quality, to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values. The party and the state for college students provides excellent learning and living environment, in the hope that students strenuously study, as soon as possible to grow into pillars of national.You enjoy studying and improve their own that you now see the you to do something you must do two things: enhance your ability and communication school smart point, only your own strong you could get her, said of the chilling suffering such as parents, I believe you, work hard, struggle every day.翻译：您好大学生活是大学的生命，大学是知识的海洋。
The_Application_of_Functional_Equivalence_Theory_i
The Application of Functional Equiva-lence Theory in Scientific Translation：A Case Study of the Translation of Ship-building EnglishZiqi LIUJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyAbstract: Translation of the scientific and technological articles can not simply convey the basic information of the source text literally by means of word to word or phrase to phrase. Instead, the differences on the characteristics and styles of the Chinese and English scientific articles should be noticed during the translation process and acceptable sentence patterns and expressions may be used to adapt to the reading habits of the target language readers. Scientific articles strive to express meaning by economy of the language and simple language is applied to explain professional problems in order to make the article understood. Under the guidance of the functional equivalence theory, this article studies four equivalent paths in the process of translation activity from Chinese to English, which can provide some learning for the people who are doing scientific translations in the field of ship-building English.Key words: Functional Equivalence Theory, Shipbuilding English1. IntroductionThe ultimate goal of translation is to achieve the equivalence between the target text and the source text. However, during the process of intralingual communication or interlingual communication, two languages with total different features cannot be ab-solutely equivalent. What translators can do is to make the target text close to the source text as far as possible, thus achieving the closest equivalent. Besides, the target text should be fluent and natural, smooth and easy to understand, which is similar to the theory put forward by Nida that the target language should be the closest natural equivalent of the source language message (Nida, 2001:91)[1]. The theory implies that, “the equivalent” functions during the delivery of the information of the source text; 134The Application of Functional Equivalence Theory in Scientific Translation: A CaseStudy of the Translation of Shipbuilding English “natural” means the target text should be smooth, fluent and easy to understand; “the closest” means the target text should be infinitely close to the source text both in the aspects of information delivery and writing style.Functional Equivalence consists of four aspects: (1) lexical equivalence; (2) syntax equivalence; (3) textual equivalence; (4) stylistic equivalence. According to Nida's theory, in the process of translation, the translators should regard these four aspects mentioned above as the principles to realize the communication and inter-action between the source language and the target language. Therefore, based on these four aspects, this thesis focuses on the discussion of problems people often come across in the process of translation.2. The Application of Functional Equivalence Theory in the Target Language(1) Lexical EquivalenceAs the minimal language unit which can be individually used, the word is considered as a unified whole connecting voice, meaning and grammar, which possesses some kind of form and expresses some meanings. Therefore, the under-standing and translation of lexical meaning is the foundation of translation activi-ties and the errors in lexical translation are bound to result in the errors in sentence translation.In the scientific translation, scientific terms are the carriers of the scientific information and it plays an important part in the process of information delivery (Fu Y onglin, Tang Y ueqin, 2012: 27)[3]. As we know, scientific articles have the speciality categories, which decides that these articles are strongly terminological ( Feng Zhijie: 1998:26)[2].As the important part of the scientific theory, the termi-nology is of fundamental significance whose semantic is rigorous and single. A lot of terms and professional vocabularies often emerge in the scientific articles, which bring some difficulty to the translation activities. To do the scientific translation well, it is extremely important to correctly translate these terms and professional vocabularies. Only when these vocabularies are accurately conveyed and they are equivalent between the content and form, the target text readers can receive the message which is close to the source text so as to achieve the communicative func-tion.1) The Translation of Shipbuilding TerminologyAs what is mentioned before, this thesis mainly focuses on the professional lexical translation of the ship. To realize the communicative function in the process135Creativity and Innovation Vol.3 No.1 2019of translation activity, we must achieve the equivalence in content and functions, trying to make the target text readers accurately understand what the source text writers want to express. The translation of some words and phrases may fixedly exist in the field of ship, nevertheless, non-professionals can be unfamiliar with them. During the translation activities, we must combine relevant professional knowledge, the context and apply various translation techniques together to finish the translation which is the most closest to the source text rather than follow our inclinations or translate whatever we want.E.g.1: Gourds, rafts and leather bags are original tools which can be used towade in the water.E.g.2: Hollow gourds, rafts and aired hides are original tools which can beused to wade in the water.These two simple sentences include three primitive tools for wading in the water. We can easily know that “Gourds”, “rafts” and “leather bags” in the first sentence have the same meaning with “Hollow gourds”, “rafts” and “aired hiders” in the second sentence. However, according to the context, the “Hollow gourds” is better than “Gourds” in that in ancient times, to add the buoyancy, people had a tendency to empty the “ Gourds“ whose volume could be controlled by people and whose height is around 40-50 centimeters and the belly mean breadth is around 30-50 centimeters. As a matter of fact, the top of the “Gourds“ ought to be cut and the inside of it ought to be emptied and then people used canes to connect them one by one, so the “Gourds” become hollow. Therefore, although there is no specific introduction of the empty “Gourds“, we must add a modifier into it when translat-ing to make its meaning more accurate. The translators have made sure of the ac-curate delivery of semantic meaning, which realizes the principle of “Content first, form second”.Similarly, we use “aired hides” rather than “leather bags” in that according to the context, the tool mentioned in the article for wading in the water is made of the hide of the cows or sheep. “Leather bags” usually refers to the synthetic leather made by human while “hide” refers to the skin of the large animal. Based on the context and basic knowledge, we can know that the tool is made of animals’ skin. Therefore, “hides” is better than “leather bags “in this translation. What’s more, these hides need being filled with air, so we need to add a modifier “aired” in front of the “hides”. Hence the phrase “aired hides” comes.136The Application of Functional Equivalence Theory in Scientific Translation: A CaseStudy of the Translation of Shipbuilding EnglishE.g.3: Hollow gourd waist boatE.g.4: Hollow gourd “waist boat” (people tied the hollow gourd to the waistto cross the water, so it was called waist boat.)E.g.3 and E.g.4 are basically the same but they differ in that the E.g.4 gives a further explanation of the phrase “waist boat“. This is absolutely necessary in that the target readers of this article are all foreigners. If they are simply looking at the phrase “waist boat”, they may feel puzzled or confused that whether it is the boat which looks like the waist or the boat which is tied in the waist. Since the ordinary readers may never have the chance to see this ancient tool by their own and expe-rience the way of wading in the water, it is hard for them to imagine the specific situation. Hence, in order to make sure the accuracy and objectivity of the infor-mation delivery, the translators must add comment to it that” people tied the hollow gourd to the waist to cross the water, so it was called waist boat”, which can help set the explicit limitation and definition for these ambiguous words so that the translators are able to make readers know the relevant information of the source text.2) The Translation of the Culture Proper NounsIn the document of the history about shipbuilding, there is no denying the fact that it has many literal description about the ancient history which may include some words and phrases associated with the Chinese culture. These words and phrases are difficult to find the equivalence in the target language. Therefore, in the process of the translation activities, we must take some techniques and strategies to translate these words and phrases which are strongly connected with Chinese cul-ture.E.g.5: Shih Chi Biography of Xia had recorded that tributes from Y angzhou were transported along the river to the sea and then were taken to the north along the sea. Next, they were brought to Huai River and Si River, at last to central plains. (in today’s Henan Province)As a Chinese geographical concept, “central plains” is literally defined as “a plain in the middle”. Since the area of China experienced endless changes, our country has ensured the territorial scope until modern times. Generally speaking, there are two different kinds of versions: one is the literal translation--central plains, and the other one is to add comments for “central plains”. so we can’t simply take a literal translation when translating this phrase.137Creativity and Innovation Vol.3 No.1 2019It is illustrated in the Great Dictionary of American Heritage that the word “China” has something to do with the Qin Dynasty. And what describes in the fol-lowing is the Xia Dynasty, which is more earlier than Qin Dynasty. Therefore, the translators find that “plains” of the Xia Dynasty mainly refers to the area in Henan, which can naturally be translated into “central plains”. Finally, they can add the comment to signify the position of the province.(2) Syntax EquivalenceThere is a majority of differences between English and Chinese, which can be seen obviously between the sentences and lines. English emphasizes the form while Chinese emphasizes the meaning; English uses more impersonal structures than Chinese does; English uses more passive voice while Chinese uses more active voice; English highlights the static expression while Chinese highlights the dy-namic expression. Various differences between English and Chinese in syntax make request for the syntax translation. To make sure the source text readers and the tar-get text readers achieve almost the same reading experience, the translators should take into consideration the difference of the syntax and translate the sentences into what target text readers are familiar with.The objectivity of the scientific articles decides that there are many non-subject sen-tences in them. Since much information is conveyed in the scientific articles, the scientific articles consist of many long difficult sentences. As a matter of fact, the information in the scientific articles is often strongly professional.The sentences of the scientific English have four major features: the abundant use of the passive voice to make statement objects more objective, the use of long sentences to make statement objects more complete, the use of the special sentence patterns to make the scientific English different from others, and the frequent use of the nouns which can describe the movement and the state. This is best reflected by E.g.6, E.g.7 and E.g.8.E.g.6: It is found that the final weld metal has a high plate dilution.E.g.7: Subsequently it was discovered that by dipping the wire in lime a morestable arc was obtained.E.g.8: The process is more suitable for welding plates in the thickness range of13 to 50 mm with square or vee edge preparations and is therefore used for ship-building purposes in the welding of vertical butts when erecting side shell panels or for the vertical shell butt joints when joining building blocks on the berth or dock. 138The Application of Functional Equivalence Theory in Scientific Translation: A CaseStudy of the Translation of Shipbuilding English(3) Textual EquivalenceText refers to a set of discourses or sentences that are different in lengths, of grammatical utterance and semantically coherent. It has both spoken language and written language ( Fu Y onglin, Tang Y ueqin, 2012: 170)[3]. The text usually focuses on the specific gist and has some logic. The discourses and sentences of the text are connected by means of the logical relationship and structure. In the process of do-ing translation activities, to make the target text more logical, we must clearly un-derstand the gist and structure of the source text. We should make clear the struc-ture of the text from the whole and understand the logical relationship and the con-necting devices from the local. Only in this way can we form the thesis structure and logical coherence in the target text which is equivalent to the source text that can be well-recognized by the target text readers.E.g.9: South China abounds with bamboos, so bamboo rafts were widely used there. First, use fire to bake the bottom of bamboos to make it cocked, and then bind them together with rattan and wild flax. Thus, when paddling it, the resistance will be much smaller, especially when it floats downstream the speed is amazing the bamboo raft in the Taiwan Strait has sail, so it is not very far from now.From the sentence above, we can easily come to the conclusion that the source text concentrates on the description of abundance of bamboos in the south area and the relevant procedures of making bamboo rafts. Generally speaking, in the Chinese text, there is no obvious marking words to explain the procedure of making bamboo rafts but people whose mother tongue is Chinese are easy to understand. It is the bamboo rafts rather than other kinds of rafts such as wooden rafts or leather rafts that are used spread because the south area is rich in bamboo, which provides the convenient condi-tion for making bamboo rafts. Going forward, the procedure of making bamboo rafts is step by step and it is a united procedure. Going ahead, the source text tells us that the rafts drift down the river and the clause “the speed is amazing “gives us the further ex-planation for the resistance mentioned ahead. In the English, the translators should first use a word “so” which implies a kind of causation relationship is used to totally con-vey the message that the bamboo bridge can be made just because of the abundance of bamboo in the south area. What’s more, the words “first” and “and then” tell us the order of making bamboo rafts. Due to the elaborate making procedures, the resistance of the raft is smaller. The word “thus” naturally brings us the consequence while the adverb “especially” is used to further emphasize the quick speed of the rafts drifting down the river. In the process of translation activity, we should clearly understand the relationship between sentences so as to make the message delivered wholly and achieve the textual dynamic equivalence.139Creativity and Innovation Vol.3 No.1 2019(4) Stylistic EquivalenceDifferent English articles may have different styles of writing, consistent with their own expression of spiritual emotions. Therefore, high-quality English transla-tion emphasizes the stylistic equivalence which means that the translators should deeply study the style of the source text to build a bridge between the writer and readers for effective communication and interaction. For example, in the translation of English business letters, we should pay attention to the use of polite words, and fully express the contents of the letter, in order to establish a good relationship be-tween the two cooperative parties to make them deeply feel each other' s sincerity which helps to promote more profound and lasting cooperation. Besides, for the translation of business contracts, translators should pay attention to the economy of language and accurately and completely convey information with simple words and sentences so that readers can understand according to the key words. This is also important for readers to improve their reading efficiency and comfort. In this pro-cess, translators need to carefully consider the contents of the contract and avoid information omissions or misunderstanding which can cause property loss for the company. In addition, the scientific translation lays high emphasis on rigorousness of logical structure. In the field of Western studies, no undetermined argument can be quoted freely, and in many arguments there is usually only “YES” or “NO”. Therefore, in scientific translation activities, we should respect the rigorous scien-tific tradition of Western research and do not add any subjective content with per-sonal emotion in the whole article structure and language style arrangement.3. The Strategies of the Functional Equivalence Theory in Scien-tific Translation(1) Clearly understanding the scientific concepts and transforming the key pointsIn the scientific paper, there are a lot of new and complex scientific concepts which bother people in a way. In this case, the translators need the experts in the field of the science and technology to make clear these complicated concepts in the paper and find key points in these concepts. Finally, they translate these concepts under the guidance of the lexical equivalence theory.(2) Making clear the logical relationship of the source text and translating with different methodsThe complex logical argumentation is frequently used in the English scientific paper. Which we translate between Chinese and English, we can express in differ-ent form. For instance, we can use the chart translation approach. The translators 140The Application of Functional Equivalence Theory in Scientific Translation: A CaseStudy of the Translation of Shipbuilding English can firstly list arguments one by one and associate them with the conclusion by chart which can bring a more vivid experience for readers. Actually, the translators can use the arguments readers are familiar with, which helps them experience the target context on their own.(3) Closely grasping the style of the source textBased on a serious scientific perspective, the scientific articles are equipped with rigorous argument process, precise logical structure, and the strict textual structure. Therefore, in the process of scientific translation, the translators should closely grasp the structure and language style of the source text.4. ConclusionBased on Nida’s functional equivalence theory, this thesis illustrates the prin-ciples of equivalence by the examples of scientific translation of shipbuilding and proposes some translation strategies for people who are doing scientific transla-tions.Works Cited［1］Nida, E.A . “Language and Culture: Context in Translation”. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.［2］Feng “Zhijie, A Guide to C-E Translation for Science” Beijing: China Translation & Publishing Corporation, 1998.［3］Fu Yonglin, “Tang Yueqin, Scientific Translation” Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching And Research Press, 2012.141。
高中英语上教版必修第三册Unit3ThewayweareDWriting课后练习、课时练习
一、根据首字母填写单词(单词拼写)1. Some interviewers would ask unexpected questions to see how the interviewee r__________ to them. (根据首字母单词拼写)2. The school newspaper has set up a new c________, in which readers can exchange their views about the hot topics on campus. （根据首字母单词拼写）3. The doctors decided to run some more tests on the blood s________. (根据首字母单词拼写)二、根据汉语意思填写单词(单词拼写)4. What headers would you give for ________ (专栏；柱子) A to D? (根据汉语提示单词拼写)5. I always read the famous writer’s________ (专栏) in the local paper. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)6. The interviews were given to a random________(样本，样品) of students. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)三、根据中英文提示填写单词(单词拼写)7. You can rely on it that he knows how to r________ (做出反应) to a challenge. (根据中英文提示填空)四、完成句子8. 我们品尝了六种不同的茶，还吃了多味南瓜子。
We________ ________ ________ ________and ate multi-flavored pumpkin seeds.五、根据所给汉语提示填空9. Once you________(体验过乡村生活的乐趣), you will not want to live in the city. （根据汉语提示完成句子）六、汉译英（单词/短语）(翻译)10. 汉译英1. ________ vi. 伤害，使受伤；损害→ ________ n.伤，损害→________ adj.受伤的2. ________n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→________ v.反应，回应3. ________ adj. 有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的→________n. 次序, 命令, 规则 v. 命令；定购；指挥；叫4. ________n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→________ vt.减轻，解除，救济5. ________ n. 震惊，惊愕vt. 使震惊，使惊愕→________ adj. 震惊的→________ adj. 令人震惊的6. ________ vt. 使恐惧，惊吓→________ adj. 使人惊恐的，吓人的→________ adj. 惊慌的，吓坏的7. ________n.电，电力；力量→________ adj.强大的；有力的→________ adj.无力的；没有能力的8. ________ vt. 捐赠，赠送；献（血）→________ n.捐赠，赠送；献（血）七、汉译英（整句）(翻译)11. 如果你能请高年级的学生来给我们指导一下如何保持取得进步的信心，以及如何在意外事件中做出恰当的反应，我将不胜感激。
山东大学继续教育期末考试--英语
一、翻译题（10分）1、骄必败。
正确答案Pride goes before a fall2、无论你将从事哪一门自然科学的研究，对基本化学知识的了解都是十分必要的。
（discipline，pursue)正确答案Regardless of the discipline of natural science you wish to pursue，the basic knowledge about chemistry is necessary3、At times，the crews could work only three hours a day because their activities interfered with the running of the subway.正确答案有时，施工队一天只能工作三个小时，因为他们的工作影响地铁的运行4、Man's knowledge about himself and nature has grown into a variety of sciences.正确答案人类关于自身和自然界的知识，已经发展成了各种门类的科学5、他专门从事进出口贸易。
正确答案He specializes in foreign trade二、英译汉（4分）6、Through my association with Americans during the past six years I hadgradually adopted some of their ways.正确答案在过去六年与美国人的接触中，我已渐渐接受了他们一些行为方式7、At times，the crews could work only three hours a day because their activities interfered withthe running of the subway.正确答案有时，施工队一天只能工作三个小时，因为他们的工作影响地铁的运行三、写作题（30分）8、要求在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目和中文提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。
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The decline of size, cost and energy consumption, hardware dimensions that are closely linked to each other, now allows the manufacturing of extremely small and inexpensive low end computers. II.
TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS
The Internet of Things is a technological revolution that represents the future of computing and communications, and its development depends on dynamic technical innovation in a number of important fields, from wireless sensors to nanotechnology. First, in order to connect everyday objects and devices to large databases and networks, and indeed to the network of networks (the internet) a simple, unobtrusive and cost effective system of item identification is crucial. Only then can data about things be collected and processed. Radio frequency identification (RPID) offers this functionality. Second, data collection will benefit from the ability to detect changes in the physical status of things, using sensor technologies. Embedded intelligence in the things themselves can further enhance the power of the network by devolving information processing capabilities to the edges of the network. Finally, advances in miniaturization and nanotechnology mean that smaller and smaller things will have the ability to interact and connect. A combination of all of these developments will create an Internet of Things that connects the world's objects in both a sensory and an intelligent manner. Indeed, with the benefit of integrated information processing, industrial products and everyday objects will take on smart characteristics and capabilities. They may also take on electronic identities that can be queried remotely, or be equipped with sensors for detecting physical changes around them, even particles as small as dust might be tagged and networked. Such developments will tum the merely static objects of today into newly dynamic things, embedding intelligence in our environment, and stimulating the creation of innovative products and entirely new services. RPID technology, which uses radio waves to identify items, is seen as one of the pivotal enablers of the Internet of Things. Although it has sometimes been labeled as the next generation of bar codes, RPID systems offer much more in that they can track items in real-time to yield important information about their location and status. Early
Abstract-in
recent years, greenhouse technology in agriculture is to automation, information technology direction with the lOT (internet of things) technology rapid development and wide application. In the paper, control networks and information networks integration of lOT technology has been studied based on the actual situation of agricultural production. Remote monitoring system with internet and wireless communications combined is proposed. At the same time, taking into account the system, information management system is designed. The collected data by the system provided for agricultural researc; Yu Feng; Jian-xin Guo
Institute of Information on Science and Technology of Agriculture Beijing Academy of agriculture and forestry Sciences Beijing, China Zhaojc@
The Study and Application of the lOT Technology in Agriculture
Ji-chun Zhao
Institute of Information on Science and Technology of Agriculture Beijing Academy of agriculture and forestry Sciences Beijing, China Zhaojichun O@
I.
INTRODUCTION
The lOT (Internet of Things) is a network of Internet enabled objects, together with web services that interact with these objects. Underlying the Internet of Things are technologies such as RPID (radio frequency identification), sensors, and smart phones. The basic idea of the lOT is that virtually every physical thing in this world can also become a computer that is connected to the Internet. To be more accurate, things do not tum into computers, but they can feature tiny computers. When they do so, they are often called smart things, because s they can act smarter than things that have not been tagged . Of course, one could question whether things would really have to feature computers to become smart. For instance, a consumer good could be considered to be already smart, when tagged with a visual code such as a bar code or equipped with a time-temperature indicator that, say, a mobile phone can use to derive and communicate the product's state of quality, dynamic carbon footprint, effect on diabetics, or origin. Certainly the boundary between smart things, which autonomously can derive and transform to different states and communicate these states seamlessly with their surroundings, and not so smart things, which only have a single status and are not very active in communicating it, is blurring. For pragmatic reasons, however, I will focus in this paper on smart things that are smart because they feature tiny low-end computers. The lOT-idea is not new. However, it only recently became relevant to the practical world, mainly because of the progress made in hardware development in the last decade.