10.2 problem solving &Email writing
IATF16949标准中的CSR LIST(顾客特定要求清单)

9.2.2.3 Manufacturing process audit 制造过程审核 The organization shall audit all manufacturing processes over each three-year calendar period to determine their effectiveness and efficiency using customer-specific required approaches for process audits. Where not defined by the customer, the organization shall determine the approach to be used. 组织应采用顾客特定要求的过程审核方法,每三个日历年审核一次全 部制造过程,以确定其有效性和效率。如顾客未指定,组织应确定要 采用的审核方法。
欧拉的著作

19世纪伟大数学家高斯(Gauss,1777-1855年)曾说:"研究欧拉的著作永远是了解数学的最好方法."1.数论欧拉的一系列成奠定作为数学中一个独立分支的数论的基础。
欧拉的著作有很大一部分同数的可除性理论有关。
欧拉在数论中最重要的发现是二次反律。
2.代数欧拉《代数学入门》一书,是16世纪中期开始发展的代数学的一个系统总结。
3.无穷级数欧拉的《微分学原理》(Introductio calculi differentialis,1755)是有限差演算的第一部论著,他第一个引进差分算子。
欧拉在大量地应用幂级数时,还引进了新的极其重要的傅里叶三角级数类。
1777年,为了把一个给定函数展成在(0,“180”)区间上的余弦级数,欧拉又推出了傅里叶系数公式。
欧拉还把函数展开式引入无穷乘积以及求初等分式的和,这些成果在后来的解析函数一般理论中占有重要的地位。
他对级数的和这一概念提出了新的更广泛的定义。
他还提出了两种求和法。
这些丰富的思想,对19世纪末,20世纪初发散级数理论中的两个主题,即渐近级数理论和可和性的概念产生了深远影响。
4.函数概念18世纪中叶,分析学领域有许多新的发现,其中不少是欧拉自已的工作。
它们系统地概括在欧拉的《无穷分析引论》、《微分学原理》和《积分学原理》组成的分析学三部曲中。
这三部书是分析学发展的里程碑四式的著作。
5.初等函数《无穷分析引论》第一卷共18章,主要研究初等函数论。
其中,第八章研究圆函数,第一次阐述了三角函数的解析理论,并且给出了棣莫佛(de Moivre)公式的一个推导。
欧拉在《无穷分析引论》中研究了指数函数和对数函数,他给出著名的表达式(这里i表示趋向无穷大的数;1777年后,欧拉用i表示),但仅考虑了正自变量的对数函数。
1751年,欧拉发表了完备的复数理论。
6.单复变函数通过对初等函数的研究,达朗贝尔和欧拉在1747-1751年间先后得到了(用现代数语表达的)复数域关于代数运算和超越运算封闭的结论。
Problem Solving

Decision Making (continued)
Evaluate Benefits and Risks of Alternatives
– Certainty – Known Risk – Uncertainty – Turbulence
Decide on a Plan
Decision Making (continued)
Generate alternative solutions Evaluate and select an alternative
4. 5.
Implement Follow-through
follow up on the solution
Problem Awareness
Establish Trust Clarify Objectives Assess the Current Situation Identify Problems
Establish Criteria for Measuring Success. Monitor the Results. Take Corrective Action.
When Is Participation Appropriate for Decision Making?
Degrees of Decision Participation
Approaches
Rationale problem solving Creative problem solving
Rationale Problem Solving
What are the steps? When is this the most effective method?
A B C
Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Decision Making
Problem_Solving

• Determine the criteria to be used to assess the solution. Factors to consider are: the requirements, short term vs. long term solutions, costs of the solution relative to the cost of the problem, etc.
It’s late at night and Mike has been trying to work out why his computer program is not working and he is really stuck. Into the office wanders the cleaner, with his vacuum pack on his back and starts dusting. Mike calls him over. “Hey Joe, help me with this computer problem I am having.” Joe replies “I don’t know anything about computers!” “That’s fine, just listen” says Mike. As Mike explains the problem to the cleaner he suddenly realises what is causing the problem… “Thanks for your help Joe” says Mike. “ It’s nothing.” says Joe honestly.
飞行中人的因素专业词汇总结

Tingling
刺痛感
Tunnel vision
管状视觉
Progressive/Slow decompression
缓慢失压
Rapid/Explosive decompression
快速失压;爆炸性减压
TUC (time of useful consciousness)
有用意识时间
Hyperventilation
陈述性记忆
Episodic memory
情境记忆
Semantic memory
语义记忆
Threshold
阈限
Sensory threshold
感觉阈限
Sensoryadaptation
感觉适应
Encoding
编码
Storage
储存
Retrieval
提取
Forgetting
遗忘
Forgetting curve
镇静剂
Stimulant
兴奋剂
Drug abuse
药物滥用
Hyperopia
远视
Myopia
近视
Presbyopia
老花眼
Glaucoma
青光眼
Cataracts
白内障
Astigmatism
散光
Color blindness
色盲
10.2.1人类的信息加工
Information processing
信息加工
静态视敏度
Dynamic visual acuity
动态视敏度
Glare
眩光
Psychological glare
心理眩光
Physiological glare
MAQMSR-次级供应商最低汽车质量管理体系要求

AUTOMOTIVE MAQMSR QUALITY MANAGEMENTSYSTEM DOCUMENTSecond EditionSeptember, 2017 Minimum Automotive Quality Management System Requirementsfor Sub-Tier SuppliersSections of IATF 16949 selected for supplier QMS developmentInternationalAutomotiveTask ForceIATF copyright noticeThis Automotive Quality Management System Document, known as MAQMSR, is copyright protected by the members of the International Automotive Task Force (IATF).Permission is granted for organizations certified to ISO/TS 16949:2009 or IATF 16949:2016 to reproduce this document in its entirety for distribution to their suppliers for the expressed purpose of aiding development of their quality management system in accordance with ISO/TS 16949:2009 Section 7.4.1.2 or IATF 16949:2016 Section 8.4.2.3.Otherwise, except as permitted under the applicable laws of the user's country, neither this Automotive Quality Management System Document nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured from the IATF.Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement and violators are subject to legal prosecution.Requests for permission to reproduce and/or translate any part of this Automotive QMS Documentshould be addressed to one of the following national automotive trade associations below:Associazione Nazionale Filiera Industrie Automobilistiche (ANFIA / Italy)Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG / USA)Fédération des Industries des Équipements pour Véhicules (FIEV / France)Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. (SMMT / UK)Verband der Automobilindustrie e.V. (VDA / Germany)TABLES OF AUTOMOTIVE QMS REQUIREMENTS1 CONTROL PLANS (2)2 PROCESS APPROACH (2)3 PERFORMANCE (2)4 INTERNAL AUDITING (3)5 CONTROL OF NON-CONFORMING PRODUCT (3)6 PART APPROVAL (3)7 MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY (4)8 RISK MANAGEMENT (4)9 SAFETY (4)ANNEXES (4)TABLE 1 - CONTROL PLANSAutomotive QMS Requirement Applicable IATF 16949:2016 Section(s)1.1 Control plan 8.5.1.1 Control plan1.2 Work instructions 8.4.1.2 Standardized work – operator instructionsand visual standards1.3 Verification of job set-ups 8.5.1.3 Verification of job set-ups1.4 Preventive maintenance 8.5.1.5 Total productive maintenance1.5 Identification and Traceability 8.5.1 Identification and traceability8.5.2.1 Identification and traceability —supplemental1.6 Verification after shutdown* 8.5.4.1 Verification after shutdown*1.7 Temporary change of process controls* 8.5.6.1.1 Temporary change of process controls*TABLE 2 - PROCESS APPROACHAutomotive QMS Requirement Applicable Criteria2.1 Process application The organization shall define its productrealization system. Each process and sub-process shall be defined. Each defined processshall be implemented and controlled including theinteractions and linkages between processes.The processes shall be monitored foreffectiveness.Note – Suppliers may refer to ISO 9001:2015Section 0.3 for further guidance on the processapproach.TABLE 3 - PERFORMANCEAutomotive QMS Requirement Applicable IATF 16949:2016 Section(s)3.1 Customer satisfaction 9.1.2.1 Customer satisfaction – supplemental3.2 Incoming product conformity to requirements 8.6.4 Verification and acceptance of conformity ofexternally provided products and services3.3 Supplier monitoring 8.4.2.4 Supplier monitoring3.4 Problem solving and root cause analysis 10.2.3 Problem solving10.2.4 Error-proofing*10.2.5 Warranty management systems*10.2.6 Customer complaints and field failure testanalysis**Requirement is new for IATF 16949© AIAG, © ANFIA, © FIEV, © SMMT, © VDA – 2016 – All rights reserved 2TABLE 4 – INTERNAL AUDITINGAutomotive QMS Requirement Applicable IATF 16949:2016 Section(s) 4.1 Quality management system audit 9.2.2.2 Quality management system audit –except:organization shall audit to verify compliance withMAQMSR, 2nd Ed.4.2 Manufacturing process audit 9.2.2.3 Manufacturing process audit4.3 Product audit 9.2.2.4 Product audit4.4 Internal audit plans 9.2.2.1 Internal audit programme4.5 Internal auditor qualification 7.2.3 Internal auditor competency, except:requirement for documented process may bewaived if audits are conducted under theguidance of a qualified customer second-party auditorscope of auditor competency limited to ISO9001:2015 and MAQMSRTABLE 5 - CONTROL OF NON-CONFORMING PRODUCTAutomotive QMS Requirement Applicable IATF 16949:2016 Section(s) 5.1 Control of nonconforming product 8.7.1.2 Control of nonconforming product –customer specified process*8.7.1.3 Control of suspect product5.2 Control of reworked product 8.7.1.4 Control of reworked product8.7.1.5 Control of repaired product*5.3 Customer information 8.7.1.6 Customer notification5.4 Customer waiver 8.7.1.1 Customer authorization for concessionTABLE 6 – PART APPROVALAutomotive QMS Requirement Applicable IATF 16949:2016 Section(s) 6.1 Product approval process 8.3.4.4 Product approval process6.2 Engineering specifications7.5.3.2.2 Engineering specifications8.4.2.2 Statutory and regulatory requirements*8.4.2.3.1 Automotive product-related software orautomotive products with embedded software* 6.3 Monitoring and measurement of 9.1.1.1 Monitoring and measurement of manufacturing processes manufacturing processes6.4 Measurement system analysis7.1.5.1.1 Measurement system analysis6.5 Calibration/verification records7.1.5.2.1 Calibration/verification records6.6 Change control and change control notification 8.5.6.1 Control of changes - supplemental*Requirement is new for IATF 16949。
IATF16949体系审核验证报告

Follow-up Activity Report跟踪验证报告1. Objectives目的The objective of this follow-up activity is to follow the IATF16949 de-certification process as per rules 5th edition, see section 8.本次跟踪活动的目的是为了符合IATF16949 审核规则第5版第8条中规定的认证退出流程。
Client responsibility客户职责SGS shall require the client to submit, within a maximum of sixty (60) calendar days from the closing meeting of the site audit, evidence of the following;SGS 应要求客户现场审核末次会议后最迟60个日历天内提交以下证据a) Implemented correction, 已实施的纠正b) Root cause, including methodology used, analysis, and results根本原因分析, 包括使用的方法,分析和结果c) Implemented systemic corrective actions to eliminate each nonconformity, including considerationof the impact to other similar processes and products已实施的为消除每个不符合项所采取的系统性的纠正措施,包括考虑了对其他类似过程和产品的影响d) Verification of effectiveness of implemented corrective actions对纠正措施有效性的验证For Major nonconformities 对于严重不符合项The certified client shall determine root cause & implement corrections (containment) & submit to the auditor within 15 calendar days from the end of the site audit.认证客户应该在现场审核结束日起15个日历天内确定根本原因,实施纠正行动,并提交给审核员。
新编剑桥商务英语unit12

2. Listen to a news programme about the problem in Ex1. A journalist has prepared notes on the case. Write in the missing words.
Galacall announced that it may take legal proceedings over a series of (1)_T_V__co_m_m__e_rc_i_al_s run by its rival Frontline. It may sue the company over its use of the colour purple on (2)_T_-_s_h_ir_t_s____ worn by sales staff. This is a similar case to that of Orange and easyMobile and the argument over the use of the colour (3)__o_r_an_g_e____ in both companies’ trademarks. Another example is when BP took out litigation against an Irish (4) _p_e_t_ro_l_c_o_m_p_a_n_y_ over its petrol stations and the fact they wanted to paint them (5) __g_r_e_e_n_. As well as colour, a company trademark can have the rights over the (6) ___s_h_a_pe____ of a logo or brand. Galacall will win in court if the prosecution can prove their (7)__b_u_si_n_es_s_ is damaged by confusing (8)_c_o_lo_u_r_s___.
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Email writing Introduction
Why are good business writing skills portant? • Customers see your writing more than they see you. • Good writing skills show that you really care. • Good writing skills contribute more forcefully to arguments/persuasion/selling. • Good writing skills reduce risk of losing a customer or damaging a customer relationship, and foster good relationships with colleagues.
般若黑洞 C&C
PowerPoint Template
/paratop
10.2 Solving problems
1
Warming up Principles of solving a problem Case study 1---listening
2 3 4
Case study 2 – More Principles
10.2 problem solving(2)
1
Reviewing Reading & Listening Writing---Email
2
3
Reading & Listening
1. What are the main problems that a new manager will face ? 2. How to solve those problems? 3. If someone has decided the management is their next career goal, what should he do?
Layout of Emails
Subject of email Opening and closing greetings Beginning sentence The main message Ending
Subject of email
What’s the problem with the following subjects? Subject: [Blank] Subject: “Important! Read Immediately!!” Subject: “Simple question.” Subject: “Follow-up about last Friday” Subject: “That file you requested.”
Principles of solving a series of problems
• Prioritize problems • Focus on problems over which you can control • Follow the step-by-step approach. • Break the problem down so you can deal with one aspect at one time. • Use a team approach when necessary.
What is a Good Business Email?
Keep emails short and to the point. It's okay Professional to be friendly, but try not to go on and on. 商业邮件不是电子情书,应明确点明你的来 Concise & Clear 意,客套话能省即省。 meaningful Effective & reasonable Keep relationship 如果是回信,就得越快越好。即使你不能立刻答复发件人,你至少让 他们知道你已收到并阅读了邮件。通常情况下,如果在邮件发出后的 24小时内回复,发件人知道你已收到邮件,也很注意礼节,就会更耐 心的等待答复。
Follow-up about last Friday telephone conference That file about No.4567 manufacturing indication you requested
主题明确才能保证收件人重视该邮件。
Subject of email
For example:
I. Warming –up
• Have you ever met some problems in your life or school? What are they?
• How did you solve the problems?
II. Principles of solving problems
Words list
• • • • • • • • • • • Career progression n. 职位提升 Presumably adv. 大概,可能 Take on v. 接管,承担 In charge of v. 主管 immediate boss 直属上司 Dynamics n. 动态 move up 提升,晋升 Moan n. 抱怨 come your way 意外落在…头上 In a position to do sth 有权利做某事 Try out v. 试用,测试,实验 Cynical adj. 愤世嫉俗的 Get on v. 进步,进展 Hands-on adj. 亲身实践的
1. If you are the manager, how to solve the problem? 2. Summarize the flow chart of solving problem.
How to solve the problem?
What’s the problem
Possible solutions Pros and cons The best solution
Reading & Listening
1. What are the main problems that a new manager will face ?
The management position means changing how you work, how you think and the way you judge your own success. You will be in charge of the people who were once your workmates. Hard to please everyone all of time. There is no chance of complaining the company. There is no hands-on work any more.
1. The printer is out of ink . 2. The flight of a foreign client advances. You need to leave to the airport an hour later(in the moring). 3. You forget to copy the PPT for this afternoon’s meeting (important) 4. You need to reply an important client’s email before the evening. 5. The new office furniture has arrived but it doesn’t fit together. You don’t know if it’s the fault of the designer or the manufacturer. You need the
Reading & Listening
3. If someone has decided the management is their next career goal, what should he do? Go and tell your line manager that you want to move up Attend course or training that come your way. Listen to your previous boss’s advice but don’t always clone.
Reading & Listening
2. How to solve those problems? Accept your relationship with your old colleagues. Agree with the values and direction of the company. Adapt yourself to the new position as soon as possible.(Learn to delegate, coach, build relations and monitor performance)
• • • • Think---understand the problem (4 w) Plan--- offer some possible solutions Do---carry out the plan Review--- Look back on your work for future problems
Words list
• • • • • • • • • • • Career progression n. 职位提升 Presumably adv. 大概,可能 Take on v. 接管,承担 In charge of v. 主管 immediate boss 直属上司 Dynamics n. 动态 move up 提升,晋升 Moan n. 抱怨 come your way 意外落在…头上 In a position to do sth 有权利做某事 Try out v. 试用,测试,实验 Cynical adj. 愤世嫉俗的 Get on v. 进步,进展 Hands-on adj. 亲身实践的