Teaching Plan U4B2

Unit 4 The Virtual WorldText A A Virtual LifeLanguage StudyI. virtual :a.1) created and existing only in a computere.g. I can visit a virtual store and put what I want in mybasket at the click of a mouse button.Some people spend too much time escaping from reality into the virtual world imagined on their computerscreen.2) almost what is stated in fact though not in namee.g. Our deputy manager is the virtual head of the business.Now that the talk has broken down, war in the region looks like a virtual certainty.virtually ad.2.interpret (L.2):1)understand ( sth. said, ordered, or done )e.g. They are worried that the students might interpret thenew regulation as a restriction of their rights.She interprets the dream as an unconscious desire to be young again.2)give or provide the meaning of, explaine.g. How do you interpret his refusal to see us?This dream can be interpreted in several different ways.3)translate what is said in one language into anothere.g. --I’m terribly sorry, but I don’t understand a word.--Could you interpret for me?No one in the tour group spoke Spanish so we had to ask the guide to interpret.interpretation n. interpretative/ interpretive ad interpreter n.2.tone ( L.3 ):1) a particular quality or intonation of the voice.e.g. From the tone of her voice, I could tell she was very angry.The new piano has a good tone.2) a variety of a color, different from the ordinary color because of more light or darknesse.g. I like the soft green tone of the picture.several tones of blue 好几种深浅不同的蓝色3) the general quality or naturee.g. The tone of the discussion is friendly.The school has a quiet tone.tone-deaf:a.unable to tell the difference between different musical notestone-language: n. any of those language , such as Chinese orYoruba/`j : ruba:/ (西非)约鲁巴语, inwhich differences of musical tunes areused for expressing the difference betweenwords that have the same spelling 声调语言four tones of Chinese characters 汉字的四声the rising(falling) tone 升(降)调toneless a. lacking color, spirit, etc.; lifeless, dulle.g. a toneless answer/voice/replytone down: to reduce the violence, excitement, or force of(sth.)e.g. After I swore at the policeman he warned me totone down my language.tone up: to (cause to) become stronger, brighter, moreeffectivee.g. Swimming is the best way to tone up your body. tone in: to (cause to) matche.g. I think black shoes would tone in better with yourcoat than red ones.4. reject / ri`d ekt/(L.4) :v. 1) to refuse to accepte.g. He was rejected for the army because of his bad eyes.She rejected my suggestion/offer/proposal/ plan.2) to throw away as useless or imperfecte.g. to choose the good apples and reject the bad onesreject/ `ri:d ekt/n.something rejected 次品,废品; 不合格者rejection n.rejector n. a person who rejects othersrejectee n. a person who is rejectedUsage:One can refuse or decline to do something, but one must decline (opposite agree) in words: eg. The horserefused ( not declined or agreed ) to jump the wall.One can refuse or decline, not reject,an invitation (opposite accept ) ;refuse (not decline or reject) a permission;decline or reject (not refuse) a suggestion;refuse, reject or decline an offer (opposite accept);reject ( not refuse or decline) a plan or proposal.One need not reject in words: e.g. The horse refused / rejected (not declined) the apple (oppositeaccepted).5. stretch (L.5): v.1) (cause to ) become longer, wider, etc.without breakinge.g. My working day stretches from seven in the morning to eight at night.The child stretches the rubber band to its full extent.2) to straighten (the limbs or body) to full lengthe.g. She got out of bed and stretched.n. (pl. ~es) a wide level area (of land or water); a continuous period of timee.g. a stretch of green hills/ a long stretch of coastfor a stretch of two years/ a long stretch of bad weatherhave/make a stretch: to straighten (the limbs or body) to full lengthe.g. You’ve been sitting for a long time, stand up and have a stretch.at a stretch: without stoppinge.g. We walked for four hours at a stretch.be at full stretch: using all one’s powers 尽全力e.g. The workers are at full stretch.6. highlight (L.6) : n. (often pl.)1) tech. the area on a picture or photograph where most lightappears to fall2) an important detail which stands out from the reste.g. We’ll show you a film of the highlights of thecompetition, as there isn’t time for the whol ething.The Sun-Moon Lake was the highlight of our trip. 日月潭是我们旅行中最精彩之处.v. to pick out something as an important part; throw attention ontoe.g. The display of fireworks highlighted the celebration.Gardner has written many books on developmental psychology highlighting his work in thedevelopment of creativity in children and adults.7.submit (L.8):1) give sth. to sb. so that it may be formally considered. (usu. followed by to)e.g. I have to submit my report by next WednesdayWe submitted the new plan to the committee last week.2)(followed by to) to cause (oneself) to yield or agree to obeye.g. to submit ( oneself) to another’s wishes.He submitted to the majority decision.He was losing the fight but he would not submit.submission n.submissive a.submissively ad.8. edit (L.9): to revise or correcte.g. to edit his friend’s book/ a Shakespeare playeditor n. a person who editseditorship n. position, functions, guidance or authority of an editor（总）编辑的职务（地位）；编辑，校定editorial1) a. of or related to an editore.g. an editorial office/staffShe’s made a lot of editorial changes in the book.2) n.a part of a newspaper ( supposed to be written by theeditor) giving an opinion on some questions of the day(rather than news)e.g. The editorial appeared in the Jan.14 issue of BeijingReview.editorially ad.editorialize v. to express an opinion in the form of an editorial edition n. one printing of a book, newspaper, magazine etc. e.g. the first edition 初版/ a paperback edition 平装版/ a popular edition 普及版/a revised edition 修订版/ a pocket edition of a dictionary 字典的袖珍本9. email (L.9 ): n. electronic maile.g. Young people like to keep in touch with their friends viaemail.I received an email from my student yesterday.v. send an email toe.g. I will email you the instant I get the news.She’ll email me a question before she calls so I can think it over in advance.10. communicate (L.9)1)contact sb. in any way, esp. by speaking to them, writingto them or calling theme.g. People communicate with each other by means of words.He communicated his ideas to them.2)to pass on (a disease, heat, movement, etc.)e.g. Rats communicate the disease.3)(esp. of rooms) to join; connect, be connectede.g. Our bedroom communicates with the bathroom. communication municator n.communicative a. readily and eagerly willing to talk or giveinformation; not secretive or reserved爱说话的，直言的，不隐讳的e.g. She is not communicative this morning. communicable a . (of thoughts, illness, ideas, etc.) that canbe easily communicated; passed fromone person to anothere.g. a communicable diseaseKnowledge is communicable by words.11. the Internet(L.9) : the worldwide network of computerlinks which allows computer users to connect with computers all over the world, and which carries electronic maile.g. You can take online courses and earn your degree via theInternet whenever and wherever you want to.It’s believed the Internet was born in 1969 when two computers at the University of California, Los Angeles were connected by a 15-foot cable12. relationship (L.10) : state of being connectede.g. What is the relationship between language and thought.The scientist has a good working relationship with his American colleagues.relate v. (sometimes used in the pattern: relate …to/ with)e.g. The doctor related his illness to / with overwork..医生认为他的病与操劳过度有关relate theory and practice 把理论和实际连结起来related arelation n13. at times (L.13) : sometimese.g. He went on listening to her, at times impatient and at times fascinated.She has been away from her home for about a year. At times, she wishes she had never left.14. take in (L. 18): absorb sth. into the body by breathing or swallowinge.g. The earth takes in heat and light from the sun.Fish take in oxygen through their gills.take away: to carry to another place拿走take back: to receive back (goods which do not fit or are broken; someone who has run away :,etc) 取回，收回; 抓到（逃跑者）take down : to make a note or record of 取下来，记下来take for : to suppose or think that sth. is the case; to believe mistakenly 把…当作；认为；误以为take off : to remove (clothes etc) ; ( of an aircraft ) to leave the ground; not to work during a period of time脱去（衣裳）；（飞机）起飞；休假；take on : to agree to do work etc.承接（担任）工作take ove r: to take control of; to do sth. after someone else stops doing it 接收，接管take out: to remove from inside; to go somewhere with a person 取出; 到…地方去take to: to find accepting or pleasing; to begin to do sth. regularly 喜欢；开始做take up: to lift or raise; to use or occupy (space, time etc.) to begin doing ,playing etc 拿起；占（地）；耗费（时间）; 开始做15. data (L.18): (sing. rare, datum) information, usu., in theform of facts or statistics that you can analyzee.g. This data is / are stored on the network and can be accessed by anybody.The data is / are still being analyzed, so I can’t tell you the truth16. spit(L.18): send (liquid, food, etc.) out from the mouth (used in the pattern: spit sth. out/at/on/onto sb./sth.)e.g. The baby spat its food out on the table.He took one sip of the wine and spat it out.17. on line ( (L.19 ) : connected or controlled by a computer network ( see Ex .II P.113)e.g. Our system is on line to the main computer.The largest online institution is the University of Phoenix, with some 1000 students today and hopes ofreaching 200,000 students in 10 years.Some other on-phrases with and without the articleon duty / leave /display /fire /guard /strike /holiday(vacation) /trial /parade / purpose / one’s mind / principle / handon the market / the way /the increase / the point of / the alert / the watch / the rise /the decline / the contrary / the average / the one hand / the other hand18. symptom (L. 19) : n.1) sign of the existence of sth. bade.g. High interest rates are a symptom of a weak economy.They regard the increase in crime as a symptom of a more general decline in moral standards.2) change in the body that indicates an illnesse.g. A cold, fever and headache are the usual symptoms offlu.If the symptoms persist, it is important to go to your doctor.symptomatic a. symptomatically ad.19. nightmare (L.21): n.1) an unpleasant and terrifying dreame.g. Watching horror films gives me nightmares.I had a nightmare about falling off the skyscraper.2) a bad, fearful or terrible experience or evente.g. Driving on that ice-land was a nightmare.The nightmare of an atomic war.20. I find myself shyer, more cautious, more anxious. (L.26)I find myself sucked in by soap operas. (L. 33-34)I find myself attacking everyone in sight. (L. 39)I find everyone on my mailing list insensitive…(L.40)See Structure Exe. 2 P.11421. conversely (L.26) : in a way that is opposite to sth.e.g. You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, thepowder to the fluid.$1 will buy 100 yen worth of Japanese goods.Conversely, 100 yen will buy $1 worth ofAmerican goods.con`verse v. (on/about or with): to talk informallye.g. After a year studying at university I feel able to converse with anyone about anything `converse a.(esp. of opinions, beliefs, statements etc.) oppositee.g. I hold the converse opinion.n. the opposite of somethinge.g. “ Empty” is the converse of “full”.I disagree with your opinion. In fact, I believe theconverse to be true.22.confront (L.27): to face boldly or threateningly 勇敢地面对e.g. He confronted the enemy.The soldiers were confronted by 2 terrorists as they left their camp.confront with: fml to bring ( a person) face to face with ( accusers, evidence, something unpleasantetc.)e.g. The policeman confronted the prisoner with the accuser.警察使囚犯与原告对质I’ve just been confronted with a new problem. confrontation n.23. at times (L.31): sometimes; occasionallyall the time: continuouslyat all times: alwaysat one time: 1) once, formerly e.g. At one time I watched TV quite often.2) together e.g. Children often speakat one time.at any time: any momentat the same time : 1) together e.g. We arrived there at the same time.2) in spite of this; yet e.g. It is a gooddictionary,but at thesame timeI like thisonebetter.one / two / three etc. at a time: singly ; in groups of two or three etc.e.g. They came into the room three at a time.24.I turned on the television and just leave it to talk awayin the background. (L.31)away:ad. to or at a distance from the person speaking or the person or thing spoken aboute.g. She looked away from me.He lives one mile away from here.25. but then (L.23): yet at the same timee.g. The failure of China’s soccer team looks inevitable. Butthen, anything can happen in football.Mary performed better than the others in the final exam;but then, she spent much longer on it than theydid.26. jar ( L.33 ) : ( jar sth.; jar on sb./ sth. ) have a harsh or an unpleasant effecte.g. You shouldn’t have too many colors in a small space as the effect can jar.The loud bang jarred my nerves.Her squeaky voice jarred on me.27. suck (L.34) : (usu. passive) involve sb. in an activity , anargument, etc., usu. against his will ( suck sb. in/ into sth.; suck in)e.g. I don’t want to get sucked into the debate about sc hool reform.Some teenagers don’t want to get involved with gangs, butthey find themselves getting sucked in.28. keep up with (L.34) : learn about or be aware of (of the news, etc.)e.g. Carrie likes to keep up with the latest fashions.He didn’t both er to keep up with the latest news. His only concern was to study.29. angle (L. 36): n.1) the space between two straight lines or surfaces that meete.g. a sharp angle / An angle of 90 is called a right angle.2) a particular way of considering an issue, etc.e.g. What’s your angle on this matter ?He reported the outbreak of the war from a journalist’s angle.v. 1) to direct or point sth. at an anglee.g. He angled the camera up towards the ceiling.2) (often derog) to represent sth. from a particular point of viewe.g. This program is angled at five-to seven-year-olds.She angles her reports to suit the people she is speakingto.angular a.angularity n30. They are of no possible use to me. (L. 37 )see Structure Ex.1 p.11431. work moves into the background. (L.37): work becomes secondary to me.32. in sight (L.39)1) visiblee.g. It was early in the morning and there wasn’t anyone in sight on campus.As the train pulled into the station my parents standing on the platform were soon in sight.2) likely to come soone.g. Two months passed, and victory was not yet in sight.The end of the economic nightmare is still nowhere in sight.33. remark (L.42) n. ( about, on) thing said or written as a comment; noticee.g. to make / pass rude remarks about her appearanceHis rude remarks about / on my book jarred on me.v. to saye.g. He remarked that it was getting late.“It’s getting late,” he remarked.remarkable a.( for) : worth speaking of; unusuale.g. She is a remarkable student./ She is remarkable for her sweet temper.remarkably ad.34. emotional (L.46) a. (of people) having feelings which are strong or easily movedShe is grateful to him for his emotional support while she was in trouble.Marie got very emotional when we parted , and started to cry.emotion n.emotionally ad.emotionless a . emotionlessly ad.emotionlessness n.Compare : emotive a: (fml of words etc.) tending to affect the emotionse.g. His speech was emotive and sincere.The politician made an emotive speech about the rights of women.35. cue (L.46): n. anything that serves as a signal about what to do or saye.g. When I nod my head, that’s your cue to give flowers to him.Follow the general’s cue and fight more bravely.v. (followed by in) give sb. a sign to be ready to do sth.e.g. The director will cue you in when it’s your turn to sing.take one’s cue from: infml to use the practice of (anotherperson) as a standard for one’s ownactionse.g. I’ve never been in this situation before, so I’ll takemy cue from you.36. I say a line (L.47) : I type a line on the screen37. routine (L.49) n.a fixed and regular way of doing thingse.g. The job is just a dull series of fairly routine tasks. I don’t think you’ll take it.He established a new routine after retirement.38. rely (L.50) (on / upon): depend confidently on, put trust ine.g. You may rely on/upon his help.I rely on you to come.He can’t be relied upon.Rely upon it: to trust (sb. or sb. to do sth.) e.g. Rely upon it, he will be here soon.(un)reliable a. (un)reliably ad.(un)reliability n39. abuse (L.53)n. / `bju:s/ wrong or bad use or treatment of sth./sb.e.g. The policemen are making an investigation of child abuse.The World Health Organization (WHO) haspublished a report on drug abuse andaddiction.v./ `bju;z/ 1) fml to use wrongly, usu. with harmful resultse.g. It is easy to abuse one’s power/authority.2) (esp. old) to insult or speak roughly tosomeonee.g. She abused the servants.abusive a. abusively ad. abusiveness n40. restore (L.54): (restore sth.; restore sb. to sth.) bring back to a former conditione.g. Doing sports every day restored the old man to good health.He has restored his health.= He has been restored to his health.= His health is restored.The deposed king was restored to power.restoration n.restorative a.41.flee ( L. 56) pt,ptp fled (Br.E) fly pt,ptp flew flown : fml or liter to run away (from danger)(used in the pattern: flee from/to ; flee someplace) e.g. During the war , thousands upon thousands of Afghans fled the country.They fled from the fire.Up to five million political refugees have fled to othercountries.flight n. usu. in flight; take (to) flight;put…t o flighte.g. The enemy are in flight.Our army will quickly put the enemy to flight.He took flight on hearing the bombing.42.arrange(L.57): prepare or plan (used in the pattern: arrange sth.; arrange to do sth.; arrange for sb./sth. to do sth.)e.g. Her marriage was arranged by her parents.I could arrange for you to come along with us if you like.Let’s arrange to have a dinner together.arrangement n.43. interview (L.57) n. a formal meeting and discussion withsomeone, esp. a person applying for a job ,or a person with information to broadcast onradio or televisione.g. My interview for the job is next week.In the interview that he gave on television last night, thePrime Minister seemed optimistic.v. to question a person in an interviewe.g. They interviewed seven people for the job.He was interviewed by reporters about his policies. interviewer n.interviewee n.44. appointment (L.58) : an arrangement to meet or visit sb.at a particular timee.g. You can’t see the president of the university unless youmake an appointment.I’ve made an appointment to see my tutor tomorrow. appoint v.appointed a.45.click (L. 64): press or release a mouse button rapidly, as to select an icone.g. When shopping online, you just click the mouse and order what you want to buy.46.tune (L.65) n. a series of musical notes that is pleasant and easy to remembere.g. She whistled a happy tune all the way home.He was humming a merry tune while cooking.v.1) to adjust (a musical instrument, or its strings etc.) tothe correct pitche.g. He has come to tune the piano.The orchestra tuned their instruments.2) to adjust a radio so that it receives a particular statione.g. The radio was tuned to a German station.3) to adjust (an engine, non-musical instrument etc.) so that it runs welle.g. He had the engine of his motorbike tuned at the garage.in tune: 1) (of a musical instrument, a person’s singing voice) have been adjusted so as to give the correctpitches.e.g. Are your instruments in tune ?Someone in the choir isn’t singing in tune.2) (fig.) e.g. The sunny weather was in tune with his happy mood.out of tune: not in tuneto the tune of: amounting to the sum or total of e.g. He received bills to the tune of $20.call the tune: to be the person who gives the orders e.g. He calls the tune in this office.change one’s tune: to change one’s attitudes, opinions etc. e.g. He said that he liked traveling by train, but after six hoursstanding in the corridor he changed his tune. tune in: (often with to) to tune a radio (to a particular station or programme)e.g. We usually tune (the radio) in to the news.tune up: to tune the instrumentse.g. The orchestra stopped tuning up just before theconductor came on stage.tuneful a tunefully ad.tunefulness n. tuneless a.tunelessly ad.tunelessness n.tuner n.1) (also piano-tuner) a person whose profession is tuning pianos2) the dial on a radio etc. used to tune in to thedifferent stations。