英文论文翻译
论文 英文文翻译
Guidance Notes for completing application formPart 1 Personal InformationEligibility to work at the British CouncilWe are only able to accept applications from individuals who have the right to work in the country to which they have applied.Personal InformationThe British Council’s normal retirement age is 65. If you are over this age, or within 6 months of it, at the time you apply to join us, in line with the Equality (Age) Regulations 2006, we will consider your application but reserve the right to reject it if we consider that we would be unlikely to derive sufficient benefit from your appointment in the period before your retirement.Criminal Convictions (UK)Subject to certain exempted occupations, convictions that are ‘spent’ under the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 need not be mentioned. Please be aware that declaring a conviction will not automatically disqualify you from being employed unless this post is subject to a Criminal Records Bureau Check.If the post is subject to a Criminal Records Bureau Check, British Council is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and young people and expects all of its partners to share this commitment. Appointment to these roles are subject to enhanced Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) checks in the UK, and, where appropriate, equivalent systems overseas.Data ProtectionThe British Council will use the information you provide in this form to process your application. If your application is successful and you take up employment with the British Council, this form will be kept on your personnel file and some details from it will be held electronically by Human Resources in line with the Data Protection Act (1998). If your application is unsuccessful, this form willbe kept on file for one year after completion of the recruitment exercise and then securely destroyed.The British Council will treat all personal details in accordance with UK law and its own privacy policy. Under Data Protection law you have the right to ask for a copy of the information we hold on you, for which we may charge a fee, and the right to ask us to correct any inaccuracies in that information. If you do want more information about this please contact your local British Council office or the Data Protection Team dataprotection@. Part 2 Job-Related InformationDisabilityThe UK Disability Discrimination Act 1995 defines a person with a disability as someone who has a physical or mental impairment (including a learning or sensory impairment) that has a substantial and long term adverse effect on his/her ability to carry out normal day to day activities. In any country, it is British Council policy to interview all applicants who are disabled and who meet the essential criteria for an advertised job.Employment and professional informationPlease give details of your employment for the last 10 years, or since leaving full-time education if this is sooner, starting with the most recent employment. Account for all your time, including voluntary work or other periods away from work. Please be aware that it will not prejudice your application if you disclose a period of ill health or a period out of formal employment (e.g. time spent at home bringing up children).Other relevant experiencePlease note that this does not need to be limited to work experience. It can include experience of volunteering or of roles held within the community e.g. youth worker, community worker or leader etc..。
大学毕业论文英文翻译及原文
大学毕业论文英文翻译中文译文计算机网络每个一个世纪都有一种主导地位的技术。
18世纪伴随着工业革命的到来的是大型机械系统的时代；19世纪是蒸汽机的时代，而20世纪的发展历程中，关键的技术是信息收集、处理和分发。
在其他的发展方面，我们还可以看到：遍布全球的电话网络的建立起来了，无线电广播和电视的出现了，计算机工业诞生了，并且以超乎想象的速度在成长；另外通信卫星也发射上天了。
技术的快速发展的一个直接结果是，这些领域正在快速地融合，信息收集、传输、存储和处理之间的差别正在迅速地消失。
对于具有数百个办公室的大型组织来说，尽管这些办公室分布在广阔的地理区域中，但未来期望的情景是，工作人员只要单击一下按钮，就可以查看最远处分部的状态。
随着信息收集、处理和分发能力的不断提高，我们对于更加复杂的信息处理技术的需求也增长得更快。
与其他的工业(比如汽车和航空运输业)相比，计算机工业还是非常年轻，尽管如此，计算机技术却在很短的时间内有了惊人的进展。
在计算机诞生之初的20年间，计算机系统是高度集中化的，通常位于一个很大的房间中。
该房间通常配有玻璃墙，参观的人透过玻璃墙可以欣赏到里边伟大的电子奇迹。
中等规模的公司或者大学可能会有一台或者两台计算机，而大型的研究机构最多也就几十台计算机。
要在20年内生产出大量同样功能但是体积比邮票还小的计算机，在当时的人们看来纯属科学幻想。
计算机和通信的结合对于计算机系统的组织方式产生了深远的影响。
把一台大型的计算机放在一个单独的房间中，然后用户带着他们的处理任务去房间里上机，这种"计算机中心"的概念现在已经完全过时了。
由一台计算机来处理整个组织中所有的计算需求，这种老式的模型已经被新的模型所取代，在新的模型下，由大量独立的，但相互连接起来的计算机来共同完成计算任务。
这些系统称为计算机网络(computer networks)。
如何设计这些网络，并且将这些网络组织起来，这就是本书的主题。
毕业论文英文翻译
毕业论文英文翻译Graduation Thesis TranslationAbstract:This graduation thesis aims to investigate the impact of social media on consumer behavior. With the rapid development of technology, social media platforms have become an integral part of people's lives. This study aims to explore whether social media influence consumer decision-making and purchasing behavior, and how it affects brand perception and loyalty. The research methodology used in this study involves collecting and analyzing data from surveys and interviews with consumers. The findings suggest that social media does have a significant impact on consumer behavior, as it can influence consumers' opinions, preferences, and purchase decisions. Additionally, it was found that social media plays a crucial role in building brand loyalty. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of social media marketing and provides valuable insights for businesses to effectively reach and engage with their target audience in the digital age.Chapter 1: Introduction1.1 Background1.2 Research Objectives1.3 Research Questions1.4 Significance of the Study1.5 Thesis StructureChapter 2: Literature Review2.1 Definition and Concept of Social Media2.2 Consumer Behavior and Decision-Making Process2.3 Social Media Influence on Consumer Behavior2.4 Social Media Marketing and Brand Perception2.5 Social Media and Brand LoyaltyChapter 3: Research Methodology3.1 Research Design3.2 Data Collection Methods3.3 Sample Selection3.4 Data Analysis TechniquesChapter 4: Findings and Discussion4.1 Analysis of Survey Results4.2 Analysis of Interview Results4.3 Discussion of FindingsChapter 5: Conclusion5.1 Summary of Findings5.2 Implications for Practice5.3 Limitations of the Study5.4 Recommendations for Future ResearchReferencesAppendixNote: Please note that this translation is a general outline of a graduation thesis. The content and structure may vary depending on the specific topic and requirements of the thesis.。
毕业论文英文参考文献与译文
Inventory managementInventory ControlOn the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion.The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility.Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored:First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments .Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field ofthese big boys, but also their simple modules inside the warehouse management functionality is defined as "inventory management" or "inventory control." This makes the already not quite understand what our inventory control, but not sure what is inventory control.In fact, from the perspective of broadly understood, inventory control, shouldinclude the following:First, the fundamental purpose of inventory control. We know that the so-called world-class manufacturing, two key assessment indicators (KPI) is, customer satisfaction and inventory turns, inventory turns and this is actually the fundamental objective of inventory control.Second, inventory control means. Increase inventory turns, relying solely on the so-called physical inventory control is not enough, it should be the demand and supply chain management process flow of this large output, and this big warehouse management processes in addition to including this link, the more important The section also includes: forecasting and order processing, production planning and control, materials planning and purchasing control, inventory planning and forecasting in itself, as well as finished products, raw materials, distribution and delivery of the strategy, and even customs management processes.And with the demand and supply chain management processes throughout the process, it is the information flow and capital flow management. In other words, inventory itself is across the entire demand and supply management processes in all aspects of inventory control in order to achieve the fundamental purpose, it must control all aspects of inventory, rather than just manage the physical inventory at hand.Third, inventory control, organizational structure and assessment.Since inventory control is the demand and supply chain management processes, output, inventory control to achieve the fundamental purpose of this process must be compatible with a rational organizational structure. Until now, we can see that many companies have only one purchasing department, purchasing department following pipe warehouse. This is far short of inventory control requirements. From the demand and supply chain management process analysis, we know that purchasing and warehouse management is the executive arm of the typical, and inventory control should focus on prevention, the executive branch is very difficult to "prevent inventory" for the simple reason that they assessment indicatorsin large part to ensure supply (production, customer). How the actual situation, a reasonable demand and supply chain management processes, and thus set the corresponding rational organizational structure and is a question many of our enterprisesto exploreThe role of inventory controlInventory management is an important part of business management. In the production and operation activities, inventory management must ensure that both the production plant for raw materials, spare parts demand, but also directly affect the purchasing, sales of share, sales activities. To make an inventory of corporate liquidity, accelerate cash flow, the security of supply under the premise of minimizing Yaku funds, directly affects the operational efficiency. Ensure the production and operation needs of the premise, so keep inventories at a reasonable level; dynamic inventory control, timely, appropriate proposed order to avoid over storage or out of stock; reduce inventory footprint, lower total cost of inventory; control stock funds used to accelerate cash flow.Problems arising from excessive inventory: increased warehouse space andinventory storage costs, thereby increasing product costs; take a lot of liquidity, resultingin sluggish capital, not only increased the burden of payment of interest, etc., would affect the time value of money and opportunity income; finished products and raw materials caused by physical loss and intangible losses; a large number of enterprise resource idle, affecting their rational allocation and optimization; cover the production, operation of the whole process of the various contradictions and problems, is not conducive to improve the management level.Inventory is too small the resulting problems: service levels caused a decline in the profit impact of marketing and corporate reputation; production system caused by inadequate supply of raw materials or other materials, affecting the normal production process; to shorten lead times, increase the number of orders, so order (production) costs; affect the balance of production and assembly of complete sets.NotesInventory management should particularly consider the following two questions:First, according to sales plans, according to the planned production of the goods circulated in the market, we should consider where, how much storage.Second, starting from the level of service and economic benefits to determine howto ensure inventories and supplementary questions.The two problems with the inventory in the logistics process functions.In general, the inventory function:(1)to prevent interrupted. Received orders to shorten the delivery of goods fromthe time in order to ensure quality service, at the same time to prevent out of stock.(2)to ensure proper inventory levels, saving inventory costs.(3)to reduce logistics costs. Supplement with the appropriate time interval compatible with the reasonable demand of the cargo in order to reduce logistics costs, eliminate or avoid sales fluctuations.(4)ensure the production planning, smooth to eliminate or avoid sales fluctuations.(5)display function.(6)reserve. Mass storage when the price falls, reduce losses, to respond to disasters and other contingencies.About the warehouse (inventory) on what the question, we must consider the number and location. If the distribution center, it should be possible according to customer needs, set at an appropriate place; if it is stored in central places to minimize the complementary principle to the distribution centers, there is no place certain requirements. When the stock base is established, will have to take into account are stored in various locations in what commodities.库存管理库存控制在谈到所谓“库存控制”的时候，很多人将其理解为“仓储管理”，这实际上是个很大的曲解。
毕业论文摘要英文翻译
毕业论文摘要英文翻译Abstract:This paper examines the effects of exercise on mental health and well-being. As individuals continue to face increasing levels of stress and anxiety, it is important to explore alternative methods of managing and improving mental well-being. Exercise has been widely recognized as a potential solution, and numerous studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity and mental health. This research aims to synthesize and evaluate existing literature to determine the impact of exercise on mental health outcomes. The study also investigates the mechanisms through which exercise influences mental well-being.The literature review confirms the positive relationship between exercise and mental health. Regular physical activity has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, exercise is associated with improved cognitive function and increased self-esteem. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial effects of exercise, including the release of endorphins, increased blood flow to the brain, and social interaction.Despite the evidence supporting the positive effects of exercise on mental health, barriers exist that prevent individuals from engaging in regular physical activity. These barriers include lack of time, motivation, and access to exercise facilities. Strategies to overcome these barriers are discussed, such as incorporating exercise intodaily routines, setting realistic goals, and utilizing community resources.In conclusion, exercise has a significant positive impact on mental health and well-being. This research highlights the importance of integrating physical activity into daily life, especially in the face of increasing levels of stress and anxiety. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for individuals, healthcare providers, and policymakers. By promoting the benefits of exercise and addressing the barriers to physical activity, society can strive towards improved mental well-being for all.。
论文的英文翻译
论文的英文翻译Translation of the paper:Title: [Title of the paper]Abstract:The abstract provides a summary of the paper's main points, including the research question, methodology, results, and conclusions.1. Introduction:This section introduces the research topic, provides background information, and clearly states the research objectives. It also includes a brief literature review to highlight the relevance of the study and identify any research gaps.2. Methodology:The methodology section explains the research design, data collection methods, and analytical techniques used. It also discusses any limitations or assumptions made during the research process.3. Results:This section presents the findings of the study, including any quantitative or qualitative data collected. The results are organized in a logical and clear manner, with appropriate tables, figures, or graphs to support the findings.4. Discussion:The discussion section interprets the results, compares them toprevious research, and provides explanations for any unexpected findings. It also explores the implications and applications of the research, highlighting its contribution to the field.5. Conclusion:The conclusion summarizes the key findings of the study, restates the research objectives, and offers final thoughts on the topic. It may also suggest areas for future research or provide recommendations for practitioners.6. References:This section lists all the sources cited in the paper, following a specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, etc.). The references should be organized alphabetically and provide all the necessary details for readers to locate the source.Appendix:If necessary, an appendix section can be included to provide additional information that supports the main text but is not essential to the understanding of the paper. This may include raw data, lengthy tables, questionnaires, or supplementary material.。
论文翻译成英文
论文翻译成英文The Translation of the PaperWith the development of the world and rapid advancement of science and technology, the importance of communication among different countries has become increasingly prominent. This has led to a surge in demand for translation services, making translation an essential and indispensable profession.Translation is the act of conveying the meaning of a text from one language to another. It involves not only the transfer of the words, but also the ability to accurately capture the cultural nuances and context of the original text. A skilled translator must have a deep understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as a broad knowledge of various subject areas.The translation process can be divided into several stages. First, the translator needs to carefully read and comprehend the source text to fully grasp its meaning. Then, they must accurately transfer the message, while considering the characteristics and conventions of the target language. Next, the translator needs to revise and edit the translation to ensure accuracy and clarity. Finally, the completed translation should undergo rigorous proofreading to eliminate any errors or omissions.Translation plays a crucial role in numerous fields. In the business world, accurate translation of documents such as contracts, proposals, and marketing materials is essential for successful international transactions and collaborations. In the academic field, translation allows for the exchange and dissemination ofknowledge among researchers from different countries, enabling cross-cultural understanding and cooperation. In the legal field, translation of legal documents ensures that individuals from different linguistic backgrounds have equal access to justice. In the entertainment industry, translation allows for the enjoyment of foreign films, TV shows, and literature.However, translation is not as simple as replacing words from one language with their equivalents in another. Translators often face linguistic and cultural challenges that require them to make difficult decisions. They need to find equivalent expressions, idiomatic phrases, and appropriate terminology that reflect the intended meaning and cultural connotations of the original text. Additionally, the translator needs to be aware of the target audience and adapt the translation accordingly, ensuring that it is easily understood and culturally appropriate.Advancements in technology have greatly impacted the translation profession. Computer-assisted translation tools, such as translation memory software, have made the translation process more efficient and consistent. Machine translation, although still in its early stages, has shown potential for aiding human translators by providing initial drafts that can be refined. However, human translators are still irreplaceable due to their ability to understand the subtleties of language and capture the essence of a text.In conclusion, translation is a complex and multifaceted profession that plays a crucial role in facilitating communication and understanding among different cultures. It requires not only linguistic proficiency, but also cultural awareness and subjectknowledge. As the world continues to grow more interconnected, the demand for skilled translators will only continue to rise, making translation an essential skill in an increasingly globalized world.。
论文英文翻译
论文英文翻译Translation of an academic paper into EnglishTranslation of an academic paper into English requires a thorough understanding of both the source language and the target language, as well as a good knowledge of the subject matter. Here are some steps to follow when translating an academic paper:1. Read the original paper: Start by reading the original paper carefully to get an understanding of the main ideas, arguments, and structure. Take note of any technical terms or jargon used.2. Research the subject: If you are not familiar with the subject of the paper, conduct some research to gain a deeper understanding. This will help you grasp complex concepts and ensure accurate translation.3. Identify the target audience: Determine who the intended readership of the translated paper will be. This will help you determine the appropriate level of language and tone to use in the translation.4. Plan the translation: Before starting the translation, make a plan of how you will approach the text. Break it down into smaller sections and set deadlines for each section to ensure a consistent and timely translation.5. Translate sentence by sentence: Start translating the paper sentence by sentence, keeping the meaning and tone of the original intact. Use appropriate grammar and vocabulary in the targetlanguage to convey the same ideas.6. Verify accuracy: Once the translation is complete, go back and review the entire paper to ensure accuracy and consistency. Pay attention to details such as citation formats, footnotes, and references to make sure they adhere to academic standards.7. Proofread and edit: After verifying accuracy, proofread the translation for any errors in grammar, spelling, or punctuation. Additionally, edit the text to refine the language and improve its readability.8. Formatting and final touches: Format the translated paper according to the appropriate academic standards, including fonts, headings, page numbering, and line spacing. Finally, proofread the final version again before submitting it.Remember to consult academic dictionaries, glossaries, and credible resources to ensure accurate translation of specialized terms and concepts. Keep in mind that translation is not simply converting words from one language to another but conveying the intended meaning while maintaining the style and essence of the original text.。
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汲水门大桥有限元模型的分析By Q. W. Zhang, T. Y. P. Chang,and C. C. Chang摘要：本文提出的有限元模型修正的汲水门大桥的实施，是位于香港的430米主跨双层斜拉桥。
通过三维有限元预测和现场振动测试，对该桥的动力特性进行了研究，。
在本文中，建立的有限元模型的更新，是基于实测的动态特性。
一个全面的灵敏度研究证明各种结构参数（包括连接和边界条件）的影响是在其所关注的模式进行，根据一组的结构参数，然后选择调整。
有限元模型的更新在一个迭代的方式以减少之间的预测和测量频率的差异。
最后更新的有限元模型，使汲水门大桥能在良好的协议与所测量的固有频率状态，并可以进行更精确的动态响应预测。
简介：汲水门大桥（图1），位于大屿山及香港湾岛之间，是世界上最长的斜拉桥，是公路交通和铁路交通两用桥梁。
为确保其结构的完整性和操作安全性，桥梁已经配备了一个相当复杂的监测系统，包括仪器参数如加速度传感器，位移传感器，液位传感器，温度传感器，应变计，风速仪（Lau and Wong 1997）。
由Chang 等人通过有限元预测和现场振动测量对该桥的动力特性进行了研究（2001）。
三维有限元（FE）模型，它是基于非线性弹性梁元件构建的塔和甲板上的桁架单元，电缆，和弹性或刚性连接的连接和边界约束[图1（d）]。
桥面，包括钢/混凝土框架结构在大跨度和梯形箱梁的中心部分的剩余部分，是使用一个单一的脊柱通过剪切中心桥面的。
由于截面的非整体性，通过一个虚拟的等效单片材料来表示复合甲板。
这是通过等效的整体桥面的质量和刚度性能检核的复合甲板了。
由Chang证明（1998），对截面模量的计算细节可以通过改变报告发现。
电缆，另一方面，使用的是线性弹性桁架单元模拟。
非线性效应由于电缆张力和下垂的电缆进行线性化，采用弹性刚度等效模量的概念考虑。
有限元模型包括464个梁单元，176个桁架单元，和615个节点，总共有1536个自由度。
一般的有限元建模，给出了该桥的物理和模态特性进行详细的描述，而现场振动测试则是作为（理想化的）有限元模型评估基础信息的重要来源。
有限元计算结果与现场振动试验表明在自然频率合理的相关性和桥的振型。
然而，在预测和测量的频率较高的模式质之间仍然可以看到巨大的差异。
这些可能的来源，可能会造成包括以下这些差异。
有限元模型与实际桥的差异：在有限元建模过程中，几何、弹性、和惯性参数以及从工程图纸估计汲水门大桥连接和边界条件，这些都是高度理想化的。
有限元预测和桥梁的振动测量之间的差异可以通过与有限元建模连接以下因素造成的：（1）精度分析模型的离散化；（2）几何和边界条件的不确定性和变化关系；（3）桥梁的材料特性。
图1：汲水门大桥的示意图表示:(a)海拔;(b) 复合甲板的典型截面;(c) 预应力箱梁的典型截面;(d)三维有限元模型环境振动测量的影响分析：对大型桥梁模态参数识别是通过振动进行测量，收集桥的加速度数据。
环境振动技术通常是基于以下假设：（1）线性结构的行为；（2）反应是一个遍历随机过程；（3）激励是一个频带有限的局部白噪声。
这些假设对桥梁动力特性的影响是难以量化的。
传递函数用来提取模态频率通常是基于假设的风荷载谱限带白噪声的随机过程，与频带覆盖目标频率的桥。
这些可能的原因中，第一个是假设和桥的有限元模型的输入相关。
如果我们可以假设模态特性非常接近结构的实际行为，那么一个具有挑战性的问题是如何更新的有限元模型，预测模型性能可以匹配那些从直接测量得到的。
在本文中，进一步的研究是随着有限元模型修正的汲水门大桥的线路进行，也是沿着Chang 等人的研究（2001）进行的。
模型的更新是一个迅速发展的技术，与众多的方法被提出，例如，Berman and Nagy (1983), Zimmerman and Widengren (1990), Farhat and Hemez (1993), Friswell and Mottershead (1995), Link and Qian (1995), Denoyer and Peterson (1997), Atalla and Inman (1998), and Fritzen et al. (1998)。
在Mottershead and Friswell (1993) and Natke et al.(1994) 等人关于模型修正技术全面的调查中可以发现这一点。
在有限元模型修正技术及其应用的文献综述，损伤检测和结构健康监测也可以在Doebling等人的著作（1998）中发现。
在简单的结构如简支梁，验证了这些技术的有效性和空间桁架结构的悬臂梁。
一个大的程度的不确定性的复杂结构，如桥梁，模型更新变得困难，因为它会不可避免地涉及到许多参数的不确定性，例如，材料和几何性质，和边界条件。
一般来说会有一个结构有限元模型修正方法，取决于系统矩阵和结构参数选择更新(Berman 1998)。
系统矩阵更新方法寻求在刚度或质量矩阵的变化，通过求解一个矩阵方程组。
然而，在质量和刚度矩阵的变化结合在一起，则是这种方法无法处理的情况。
例如，该方法可用于悬索桥的合理更新的结果，因为这座桥的重量都是质量和结构刚度矩阵的关系。
作为参数更新的方法，通常采用的参数灵敏度的寻找自己的变化(Farhat and Hemez 1993; Friswell and Mottershead 1995; Fritzen et al. 1998)。
基于这种敏感性参数更新方法的参数，可以对结构的动态特性直接影响到识别的优势。
同时，采用本方法，可以获得更新的结果的一个直接的物理解释。
所以，我们在本研究选择这些参数更新法。
在本文中，采用一种基于灵敏度的参数更新方法改进的方法进行模型修正的汲水门大桥。
该方法是基于特征值灵敏度的一些选定的结构参数，被认为是有界的根据不确定性和参数的变化程度存在一些规定的区域内，和工程判断。
这些参数的变化是通过求解一个二次规划问题。
带有约束的参数更新：Zhang 等人在这项研究中的模型修正方法（2000）采用了一种基于灵敏度改进的更新算法。
制定和更新程序的主要特点如下。
对于一个离散的连续系统，提取特征值和对应的特征向量（模态）网络可以通过求解特征方程的有限元模型的N 度获得自由：i i i i M K φλφ= （1）这里K 和M 分别代表结构刚度和质量矩阵。
通常，刚度和质量矩阵的参数是一个函数的几何结构和材料特性，包括边界条件。
如果一套结构参数（Pj ，a，j=1…，np ）可以由有限元模型估计，由向量Pa 代表：P a = { p i ,a u i = 1, 2, . . . , n p }T(2)这里n a 表示总人数的结构参数，然后一组特征值(a Λ)可以从模型中获得：这里a n 为计算模式数量。
下标a 在（2）公式和（3）公式中用来表示其相应的在有限元分析中的预测。
同时，结构的模态特性可以通过实验获得：这里(a Λ)为矢量的测量值；和e n 为总数量的测量模式。
下标e 在（4）公式中是用来表示从测量得到相应的属性。
一般来说，实验(e Λ)和预测的模态特性(a Λ)不一定与由于不准确在有限元建模和测量。
在有限元模型连接任何不准确可能来自三个可能的来源-模型结构误差，模型误差，以及模型参数误差（Mottershead and Friswell 1993）。
如果它是假定测量模态特性非常接近结构的实际行为，模型参数误差对有限元模型的不准确性的主要因素，那么模型误差可以减少或通过模型修正方法修正。
让P 代表更新后结构参数的向量：可能认为测量模式的总数是一样的总数预测(或计算)模式(e n =n a )。
测量值与初始预测的本征特性可以通过对结构参数的一阶泰勒级数展开近似的函数关系如下（Friswell and Mottershead 1995）：P S δδ=Λ (6)这里Λδ为特征值残差向量，P δ为结构参数分别定义的扰动向量。
这里S 为灵敏度矩阵，包含对结构参数a P 的初始估计评估或特征值的一阶导数，在随后的迭代格式，目前的参数估计。
在泰勒级数的高阶项被忽略的假设，成功性迭代之间的结构参数的变化是小的。
正如（6）公式(Mottershead and Foster 1991)中的一样，已经提出了几种方法来解决逆问题。
以下目标功能(Link and Qian 1995)是通常用来解决这个问题的：这里p W 和a W 为正定矩阵。
然而，这是很有可能的参数摄动来最小化目标函数的使用在公式（9）中可以产生非常大的变化。
这些极端的价值观不仅违反的一阶泰勒级数近似的假设，但也产生一个更新的结果，可能是物理意义。
为了避免这些现象，为结构参数的不等式约束的介绍如下：这里B l 和B u 分别为结构参数P 的上下界限。
随后，结构参数的扰动是有界的：这里b l 和b u 分别为扰动的上下界。
因此这些参数更新的可以减少目标函数在实现（9）公式所受到的在（11）公式中形成在约束条件。
约束优化问题可以表述为以下的二次规划问题：1最小化 J (x ) =x TWx 服从 A i x = d i (i = 1, . . . , n e )2而且：这里：这里，i A 和i d 分别指矩阵和向量。
此更新解决方案的影响p W 的加权矩阵的选择。
它可能是合理的确定在这样一种方式，p W 在每一次迭代中能更可能的不会偏差太多。
同时，权重矩阵p W 选择可以抑制可能影响的特征值在一个非线性的方式从这些参数在每次迭代中的急剧变化。
另一方面，其他的加权矩阵，我们的选择应保证有限元分析和测量结果之间的协议。
约束优化解决方案概述在公式（12）–（16）中被纳入一个迭代过程，如图2所示的更新汲水门大桥模型所示。
迭代过程开始与一组适当的参数调整与各参数的上限和下限的选择。
用于初始有限元模型的参数作为迭代的起点。
在每一次迭代过程中，特征值灵敏度分析都是利用参数在前面的迭代更新。
特征值灵敏度可以近似的用下式表示：这里，ij S 为相对于两参数j λ和j P 的无量纲的灵敏度特征值。
j P ∆等于参数摄动j P 。
i λ∆等于由于j P ∆改变的特征值j λ。
同时，二次规划问题的概述在公式（12）中要解决的每次迭代得到参数摄动。
对迭代的收敛标准设置：≤-m k a f f )(公差 （18）≤ΛΛ-Λ+)()()1(k a k a k a 公差 （19）这里，m f 为 矢量测量的固有频率；)(k a f 和)(k a Λ分别为分析频率和第k次迭代的特征向量值。
如果这两个中的任意一个遇到的话，迭代就将终止。
图2：基于灵敏度的模型永久限制更新程序模型和参数的选择：在配套文件（Chang 等人，2001）汲水门大桥有限元模型，称为初始模型，将更新使用先前描述的更新程序。