山东省潍坊第一中学高一下学期期末考试化学点点通6 Word版无答案[ 高考]
2024届山东省潍坊市第一中学高一化学第二学期期末学业质量监测试题含解析
2024届山东省潍坊市第一中学高一化学第二学期期末学业质量监测试题考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。
选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
一、选择题（每题只有一个选项符合题意）1、一种熔融碳酸盐燃料电池原理示意如图。
下列有关该电池的说法正确的是()A．反应CH4＋H2O3H2＋CO，每消耗1 mol CH4转移2 mol 电子B．电极A上H2参与的电极反应为：H2＋2OH－－2e－===2H2OC．电池工作时，CO32-向电极B移动D．电极B上发生的电极反应为：O2＋2CO2＋4e－===2CO32-2、室温下，向10mL0.1mol·Lˉ1NaOH溶液中加入0.1mol·Lˉ1的一元酸HA，溶液pH的变化曲线如图所示。
下列说法正确的是A．a点所示溶液中c(Na＋)>c(Aˉ)>c(H＋)>c(HA)B．pH＝7时，加入HA的体积<10mLC．pH＝7时，c(Na＋)＝c(Aˉ)＋c(HA)D．b点所示溶液中c(Aˉ)>c(HA)3、生活中常常涉及到一些有机化合物的知识。
下列叙述中正确的是A．油脂是热值最高的营养物质，尤其是动物脂肪，易使人发胖，所以不要食用B．羊毛和棉花的主要成分都是纤维素C．为提高加酶洗衣粉的去污能力，应使用热水进行洗涤D．未成熟的苹果遇碘水会变蓝，是因为其中含有淀粉4、关于化合物2-苯基丙烯，下列说法错误的是A．分子式为C9H10B．一定条件下，可以发生取代、加成和氧化反应C．1 mol该化合物最多可与4mol氢气发生加成反应D．分子中最多有8个碳原子在同一平面上5、人类探测月球发现，在月球的土壤中含有较丰富的质量数为3的氦，它可以作为未来核聚变的重要原料之一。
2021-2022学年山东省潍坊高一下学期期末测试化学试题(含解析)
D．氯气和NaOH溶液反应生成NaCl和NaClO，溶液碱性变弱，酚酞溶液褪色，不是氯气的漂白性造成的，D错误；
故选：A。
11.2021年12月9日，我国宇航员在中国空间站直播了泡腾片水球实验。泡腾片中含有柠檬酸，结构简式如图所示。下列说法错误的是
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】A．乙酸乙酯粗品中常混有乙酸、乙醇等杂质，乙酸、乙醇与Na都能反应生成气体，不能检验乙醇，A错误；
B．乙酸具有弱酸性，能用饱和 溶液除去乙酸，B正确；
C．乙酸乙酯密度比水小，有机层在上层，用装置Ⅰ分液时，将水从下口放出，有机层从上口倒出，C错误；
D．为达到更佳 冷凝效果，冷凝水应下进上出，装置Ⅱ中直形冷凝管b为进水口，a为出水口，D错误；
D．由图知反应Ⅲ化学方程式为 ，D正确；
故选：B。
13.学习小组探究 溶液与 溶液的反应，将 与 按物质的量 混合发生反应： ，测得 随时间变化如图所示。下列说法错误的是
A. 该反应在 的化学反应速率
B. 反应后期速率减小的主要原因是反应温度逐渐降低
C. 反应开始加入 溶液，反应速率明显加快，说明 对该反应有明显的催化作用
【详解】A．上述装置左侧为阴极，右侧为阳极，工作时H+向阴极迁移， 向a极迁移，A错误；
B．NH3失电子转化为N2，电极反应式为2NH3-6e-=N2+6H+，电路中每转移 ，反应0.2mol NH3，标准状况下体积为V=nVm=0.2mol×22.4L/mol=4.48L，B错误；
B．过程I中Mn2+离子失电子生成二氧化锰沉积在石墨上，电极反应为 ，B错误；
山东省潍坊第一中学2024届化学高一下期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题含解析
山东省潍坊第一中学2024届化学高一下期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、选择题（每题只有一个选项符合题意）1、N2+3H22NH3，是工业上制造氮肥的重要反应。
下列关于该反应的说法正确的是A．达到平衡时，反应速率：v(正)=v(逆)=0B．恒温恒压下，充入少量He，反应速率减慢C．升温正反应速率加快，逆反应速率减慢D．若在反应的密闭容器加入1 mol N2和过量的H2，最后能生成2 mol NH32、短周期元素W、X、Y和Z在周期表中的相对位置如下表所示，这四种元素原子的最外层电子数之和为18。
下列叙述正确的是A．氢化物的沸点：X<ZB．简单离子的半径：Y<XC．最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性：Y>WD．W与氢形成的所有化合物中化学键均为极性共价键3、下列物质在常温下可用铁质容器盛放的是A．亚硫酸B．浓硫酸C．浓盐酸D．胆矾溶液4、向某容积一定的密闭容器中充入2molSO2和1molO2，一定条件下发生如下反应:2SO2+O22SO3。
下列说法不正确的是( )A．升高温度或充入一定量O2均能加快化学反应速率B．达到平衡状态时，SO2、O2、SO3物质的量之比一定为2:1:2C．当SO2的生成速率与SO3的生成速率相等时，反应达到平衡状态D．达到平衡状态时，生成SO3的物质的量一定小于2mol5、甲、乙、丙、丁四种短周期主族元素，原子序数依次增大，乙为地壳含量最多的元素，乙和丙同主族，甲与丙、丁形成的气态化合物的水溶液均呈酸性，则下列说法中正确的是A．原子半径：丁＞丙＞乙＞甲B．单质的氧化性：乙＞丙＞丁C．气态氢化物稳定性：乙＞丙＞丁D．甲与乙、丙、丁形成的化合物均为共价化合物6、美国科学家用某有机分子和球形笼状分子C60制成了“纳米车”（如图所示），每辆“纳米车”是由一个有机分子和4个C60分子构成。
潍坊第一中学2024届高一化学第二学期期末达标测试试题含解析
潍坊第一中学2024届高一化学第二学期期末达标测试试题考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。
选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
一、选择题(共包括22个小题。
每小题均只有一个符合题意的选项）1、误食重金属盐会使人中毒，可以解毒的急救措施是( )A．服大量食盐水B．服用葡萄糖C．服用适量的泻药D．服用鸡蛋清2、下列实验装置图及实验用品均正确的是（部分夹持仪器未画出）（）A．B．C．D．3、化学反应伴随着能量变化是化学反应的基本特征之一。
下列说法错误的是A．右图所示的反应为放热反应B．化学反应中有物质变化也有能量变化C．需要加热的化学反应不一定是吸热反应D．化学键断裂吸收能量，化学键形成放出能量4、与金属钠、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠均能反应的是A．CH3CH2OH B．CH3CHO C．CH3OH D．CH3COOH5、下列实验现象或结论错误的是（）A．向某溶液中加入稀盐酸，无明显现象，再加BaCl2溶液，有白色沉淀生成，则原溶液中一定含有SO42-B．取某溶液进行焰色反应，透过蓝色钴玻璃火焰呈紫色，则原溶液中一定只含有K＋C．向AlCl3溶液中逐滴加入NaOH溶液至过量，现象是先产生白色沉淀，后沉淀逐渐溶解D．向某溶液中加入NaOH溶液并加热，产生的气体能使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝，则原溶液中一定含有NH4+6、葡萄糖是一种单糖的主要原因是( )A．糖类中含碳原子数量最少B．糖类中结构最简单C．分子中只有一个醛基D．不能再水解成更简单的糖7、已知X、Y、Z为三种原子序数相连的元素，最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性相对强弱是：HXO4>H2YO4>H3ZO4。
则下列说法正确的是A．气态氢化物的稳定性：HX>H2Y>ZH3B．非金属性：Y<X<ZC．原子半径：X>Y>Z D．原子序数：Z>Y>X8、已知空气—锌电池的电极反应为：锌片：Zn+2OH--2e-=ZnO+H2O；碳棒：O2+H2O+2e-=2OH-。
山东省潍坊市第一高级中学2019-2020学年高一化学期末试卷含解析
山东省潍坊市第一高级中学2019-2020学年高一化学期末试卷含解析一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。
）1. 下列关于油脂的叙述错误的是A．油脂属于酯类B．油脂没有固定的熔沸点C．油脂是高级脂肪酸的甘油酯D．油脂都不能使溴水褪色参考答案：D略2. 在一个不传热的密闭容器中发生可逆反应：A2(g)＋B2(g)≒2AB(g)，达到平衡的标志是A．容器的总压强不随时间而变化B．容器内气体的密度不再改变C．单位时间内有nmolA2生成的同时有nmolB2消耗D． v正（A2）= 2v逆（AB）参考答案：C略3. 反应4A(s)＋3B(g)===2C(g)＋D(g)，经2 min，B的浓度减少0.6 mol·L－1。
下列说法正确的是()A．用A表示的反应速率是0.4 mol·L－1·min－1B．分别用B、C、D表示反应的速率，其比值是3∶2∶1C．在2 min末的反应速率，用B表示是0.3 mol·L－1·min－1D．在这2 min内B和C两物质浓度都是逐渐减小的参考答案：B【名师点晴】化学平衡包括的知识点很多，有平衡标志的判断、平衡移动的判断、等效平衡的判断、平衡的计算、物质浓度、转化率、质量分数、体积分数的计算、平衡常数的表达式及计算、平衡常数的应用、反应速率的变化对平衡的影响、反应方向的判断等。
平衡的计算不是平衡问题的难点，一般根据“三段式”计算即可，而平衡标志的判断、等效平衡的判断是难点，抓住平衡标志的特点与非平衡时状态的不同时解决平衡标志问题的关键。
对于等效平衡的判断，应注意条件及反应的本身特点。
4. 标准状况下，1.12L 2H35Cl气体中所含的中子数为(N A为阿伏加德罗常数)A．0.05N A B．0.95N A C．19N A D．2N A参考答案：B5. 选用一种试剂就能把失去标签的CCl4、苯、乙醇三种试剂区分开，则下列不可行的（）A．无水硫酸铜B．溴水C．水D．KMnO4溶液参考答案：A考点：物质的检验和鉴别的基本方法选择及应用．专题：物质检验鉴别题．分析：乙醇溶于水，苯、CCl4和水互不相溶，且密度不同，以此来解答．解答：解：A．无水硫酸铜与三种有机物均不反应，不能溶解，则不能鉴别，故A选；B．溴水与乙醇不分层，苯与溴水混合有机层在上层，四氯化碳与溴水混合有机色层在下层，现象不同，可鉴别，故B不选；C．水与乙醇不分层，苯与水混合有机层在上层，四氯化碳与水混合有机层在下层，现象不同，可鉴别，故C不选；D．高锰酸钾与乙醇发生氧化反应而褪色，苯与高锰酸钾溶液混合有机层在上层，四氯化碳与高锰酸钾溶液混合有机层在下层，现象不同，可鉴别，故D不选；故选A．点评：本题考查有机物的鉴别，为高频考点，把握常见有机物的性质的异同，牢固把握相关基础知识，注意现象相同不能鉴别物质，题目难度不大．6. 实际存在的11H、21H、31H 、H+和H2，它们是（）A. 氢的五种同位素B. 五种氢元素C. 氢的五种核素D. 氢元素的五种不同微粒参考答案：DA．因同位素是质子数相同、中子数不同的原子，而H+、H2不是原子，选项A错误；B．氢元素只有一种，选项B错误；C．H2是氢气分子，核素是原子，选项C错误；D．11H、21H、31H是氢元素的三种不同粒子，H+表示氢离子，H2表示氢气分子，选项D 正确。
山东省潍坊第一中学高一化学下学期期末考试点点通7(无
高68级高一期末考试点点通7元素周期表的应用一、判断正误，指明错误的原因。
1. 元素的金属性强弱与失电子多少有关系。
2. 同一周期中，非金属元素对应的所有含氧酸的酸性都随原子序数的增大而增强。
3. 第ⅠA族元素全部为金属元素。
4. HF、HCl、HBr、HI的热稳定性和还原性均依次减弱。
5. 第三周期非金属元素含氧酸的酸性从左到右依次增强。
6. 因为Na比K容易失去电子，所以Na比K的还原性强。
二、选择题1. 下列叙述中肯定能说明金属A比金属B的活泼性强的是（）A．常温时，A能从酸中置换出氢，而B不能B．A原子电子层数比B原子的电子层数多C．1 mol A从酸中置换生成的H2比1 mol B从酸中置换生成的H2多D．A原子最外层电子数比B原子的最外层电子数少2. 已知同周期X、Y、Z 三种元素的最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性由强到弱的顺序是HZO4＞H2YO4＞H3XO4，下列判断正确的是（）A．3种元素阴离子的还原性按X、Y、Z的顺序增强B．单质的氧化性按X、Y、Z的顺序减弱C．原子半径按X、Y、Z的顺序减小D．气态氢化物的稳定性按X、Y、Z的顺序减弱3.下列各组性质的比较中，不正确的是（）A．碱性：NaOH>Mg(OH)2B．原子半径：Cl>SC．金属性：K>Na D．热稳定性：NH3>PH34. 有三种金属元素A、B、C，在相同条件下，B的最高价氧化物的水化物碱性比A的最高价氧化物的水化物碱性强；A可以从C的盐溶液中置换出C。
则这三种金属元素的失电子能力由强到弱的顺序正确的是（）A．A>B>C B．B>A>C C．B>C>A D．C>B>A5. 元素X、Y、Z原子序数之和为36，X、Y在同一周期，X＋与Z2－具有相同的核外电子层结构。
下列推测不正确的是（）A．同周期元素中X的金属性最强 B．原子半径X＞Y，离子半径X＋＞Z2－C．同族元素中Z的氢化物稳定性最强 D．同周期元素中Y的最高价含氧酸的酸性最强6. 对Na、Mg、Al的有关性质的叙述不正确的是（）A．原子半径：Na＜Mg＜Al B．碱性：NaOH＞Mg(OH)2＞Al(OH)3C．离子半径：Na＋＞Mg2＋＞Al3＋D．离子的氧化性：Na＋＜Mg2＋＜Al3＋7. 可以验证硫元素的原子得电子能力比氯元素的原子弱的事实是（）①HCl的溶解度比H2S的大②HClO的氧化性比H2SO4的强③HClO4的酸性比H2SO4的强④HCl比H2S稳定⑤氯原子最外层有7个电子，硫原子最外层有6个电子⑥Cl2能与铁反应生成FeCl3，硫与铁反应生成FeS ⑦Cl2能与H2S反应生成SA．①② B．⑤⑥ C．①②⑤⑥⑦ D．③④⑥⑦8.在元素周期表中位于金属元素和非金属元素交界处最容易找到的材料是（）A．制催化剂的材料 B．耐高温、耐腐蚀的合金材料 C．制农药的材料 D．半导体材料9. 镭是元素周期表中第7周期第ⅡA族元素,关于镭的性质的描述不正确的是A.在化合物中呈+2价B.单质与水反应,放出氢气C.氢氧化物呈两性D.碳酸盐难溶于水10. 某海带含砷超标,经水浸泡24小时后,其含砷量才能达到食用安全标准。
山东省潍坊第一中学高一化学下学期期末考试点点通5(无答案)
高68级高一期末考试点点通5原子结构一、判断正误，并说明错误的理由。
1.原子核一定是由质子和中子构成吗？2.所有的原子都是由质子、中子、电子三种粒子构成的？3.H、D、T等都属于氢元素，H、D、T是三种核素，H、D、T互为同位素4.核外电子排布相同的微粒化学性质一定相同吗？5. 若两种微粒的质子数和核外电子数分别相等，则它们的关系可能是两种原子？两种分子？两种带电荷数相同的阳离子？两种带电荷数相同的阴离子？6. 金属元素的最外层电子数一定小于4吗？最外层电子数小于4的原子金属性就强吗？7. 硫原子的原子结构示意图：8. 质量数为37的氯原子表示为1737Cl。
9. 某原子M层上电子数为L层电子数的4倍二、选择1.在离子RO3n－中共有x个核外电子，R原子的质量数为A，则R原子核内含有的中子数目是（）A．A－x＋n＋48 B．A－x－n－24 C．A－x＋n＋24 D．A＋x－n－24 2.(双选)科学家最近发现两种粒子:第一种是只由四个中子构成的粒子(假设符号为X),这种粒子称为“四中子”,也有人称之为“零号元素”,第二种是由四个氧原子构成的分子,下列有关这两种粒子的说法不正确的是（）A.“四中子”不显电性,化学符号可以表示为错误！未找到引用源。
XB.“四中子”的质量数为4,其质量比氢原子大C.第二种粒子是氧元素的另一种同位素D.第二种粒子的化学式为O4,与O2互为同素异形体3. 下列说法中不正确的是（）①质子数相同的粒子一定属于同种元素②同位素的性质几乎完全相同③质子数相同,电子数也相同的粒子不可能是一种分子和一种离子④电子数相同的粒子不一定是同一种元素⑤一种元素只能有一种质量数⑥互称同位素的两种核素间具有相同的中子数和核外电子数A.①②④⑤B.③④⑤⑥C.②③⑤⑥D.①②⑤⑥4. 有下列原子错误！未找到引用源。
Li错误！未找到引用源。
Li错误！未找到引用源。
Na 错误！未找到引用源。
Mg错误！未找到引用源。
山东省潍坊青州市第一中学2023-2024学年高一下学期第一次期末模拟(6月段考)英语试题
山东省潍坊青州市第一中学2023-2024学年高一下学期第一次期末模拟（6月段考）英语试题一、阅读理解In this post, we’ll introduce some top robotics competitions open to high schoolers. Keep reading to learn more.Botball Educational Robotics ProgramLevel: Regional and national competitions availableGrades: 9th, 10th. 11th, 12thOver a period of about seven weeks, students learn to code(编程) and develop complex strategies to use artificial intelligence. This allows them to create an autonomous robot together that competes in an annual game challenging against other teams in competitions at various levels across the country.FIRST: Robotics CompetitionLevel: Local, regional and national competitions availableGrades: 9th, 10th, 11th, 12thTeams work together with professional teachers to design, assemble(装配), and test an industrial-sized robot .The robot then competes in a head-to-head field game against other teams.Robo GamesLevel: InternationalGrades: All ages and backgroundsThis self-claimed “Olympics of robots” and current largest open robot competition challenges participants in a wide variety of events to display various skills. Amateurs, professionals, young and old alike are invited to participate with the goal of winning prizes, expanding educational service, and recognizing robot-builders in the public eye.Zero Robotics High School TournamentLevel: International, including the U.S. and member countries of the European Space AgencyGrades: 9th, 10th, 11th, 12thThis fascinating competition begins with robots called SPHERES inside the International Space Station. The first phase of the competition is entirely online, in which competitors code the SPHERES to meet a yearly challenge. Finalists compete in person, onboard the International Space Station, conducted live in microgravity by a real astronaut!1．What do the first and second robotics competitions have in common?A．Teamwork is a must in competitions.B．They have the same goals and rules.C．The robot is tested before competitions.D．They are completely of the same level.2．Which of the competitions has no age limitation?A．Bot ball Educational Robotics Program.B．FIRST: Robotics Competition.C．Robo Games.D．Zero Robotics High School Tournament. 3．What can we learn about Zero Robotics High School Tournament?A．It is held by the European Space Agency.B．It is a local robotics competition.C．The whole competition is conducted online.D．The final competition is held at the International Space Station.“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”4．What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him?A．He’s odd.B．He’s strict.C．He’s brave.D．He’s rude. 5．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?A．He was trained in it at university.B．He was inspired by another veterinarian.C．He benefited from it as a patient.D．He wanted to save money for pet owners. 6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work.C．Examples of rare animal diseases.D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 7．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?A．To prove Farber’s point.B．To emphasize its importance.C．To praise veterinarians.D．To advocate animal protection.Killer whales are mama’s boys. A son will follow his mother, taking bits of fish and other food, throughout his life, even as his sisters grow up and have babies of their own. This neediness comes at a significant cost to mom, who gives up having additional children to look after her boy, according to a new study.Michael Weiss has observed the mother-son bond in killer whale groups off the Pacific coast of North America. “It’s kind of wild,” says the behavioral ecologist. These animals live for decades, yet even fully grown males “act like little kids around their mom, rolling around and swimming right beside and behind her like they're still babies”.Weiss wanted to know whether these high-maintenance children came at a cost —particularly, whether they hurt a mother’s ability to raise more children. He and colleagues studied 40 years’ worth of data on three Pacific pods (小群动物), social groups typically consisting of a couple dozen killer whale mothers and sons that traveled and hunted fish together. Sure enough, the team found a “huge effect”, Weiss says.In a given year, mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as were childless females or mothers of daughters. Strikingly, both a 3-year-old son and an 18-year-old son lowered their mom’s chances of having more children, Weiss says.The researchers suggest mom’s favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods. When a daughter gives birth, her babies stay in the same group as her and her mom and therefore compete with the rest for food and attention. By contrast, a son doesn’t bring more mouths into the group — he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units.His kids are thus “someone else’s problem”, Weiss explains. So, it makes sense for mom to give more energy to him than to his sisters if she wants as many grandchildren as possible with the least competition.The team didn’t establish exactly how sons prevented their mothers from having more babies. Weiss says he hopes to do more research across populations, and in different species of whales. But now, killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom. “In other animals,” he says, “at some point, you just stop relying on your mom as much.”8．What can we learn about a mother killer whale’s chance of having more babies?A．It is independent of her son’s age.B．A mother of a son won’t have another baby.C．A mother of daughters has the least chance.D．It changes with the social structure of the pod.9．What can be inferred from the research?A．Male killer wales can’t grow fully.B．Male killer wales are precious in their social structure.C．Baby killer wales live with their grandmother.D．Baby killer wales compete against their father for food.10．Why do mother killer whales favor their boys?A．To increase the pod’s population.B．To compete with other pods.C．To gain support from boys.D．To save food.11．What does Weiss think of the mother-son bond in killer whale groups?A．It is extremely rare in nature.B．It shows that killer whales have feelings.C．It doesn’t exist in other species of whales.D．It slows male killer whales’development.Dumbphones have very limited functions compared to an iPhone. You can only make and receive calls and messages. And, if you are lucky-listen to radio and take very basic photos, but absolutely not connect to the internet or apps.Dumbphones are enjoying a comeback. Google searches for them increased by 89% between 2018 and 2021. Meanwhile, a study said that one in 10 mobile phone users in the UK had a dumbphone. Kaiwei Tang, CEO of Light Phone, a maker of dumbphones said that, surprisingly, the company’s main customers are aged between 25 and 35. He says he expected buyers to be much older.Sandra Wachter, a researcher at Oxford University, says that it’s easy to see why some of us are looking for simpler mobile phones. One can reasonably say that nowadays a smart phone’s ability to connect calls and send messages is almost a side function. Your smart phone is your entertainment centre, your newspaper, your map, your diary, and your wallet. They always want to catch your attention with notices and latest news.“If aliens came to earth they’d think that mobile phones are the creatures controlling human beings,” Mr. Tang says. “It’s not going to stop. Instead, it’s getting worse. Consumers are realizing that something is wrong, and we want to offer a choice.”Last year, Przemek Olejniczak, changed his smartphone for a dumphone at first for its longer-lasting battery. However, he soon realized there were other benefits. “Before I would always be checking, going through the news, or other facts I didn’t need to know,“ he says. ”Now I have more time for my family and myself. And I’m not addicted to liking, sharing, or describing my life to other people. I have more privacy.“Yet back in London, Robin West says that many people are confused by her choice of mobile. “Everyone thinks it’s just a short-term thing. They’re always asking me: ‘So when are yougetting a smartphone? Are you getting one this week?’ ”12．What surprises Kaiwei Tang about dumbphones?A．Few people show interest in them.B．They are coming into fashion again.C．Their buyers are mainly young people.D．Dumbphones are in a wider use than smartphones.13．What does Sandra Wachter think of people’s turning to dumbphones?A．Understandable.B．Unusual.C．Thoughtless.D．Meaningful.14．What does the author mention Robin West in the last paragraph?A．To give suggestions on mobile choice.B．To show public support for dumbphones.C．To make a prediction about the future of dumbphones.D．To introduce a different opinion on using dumbphones.15．Which of the following might be a suitable title for the text?A．Dumbphones are Here to StayB．A Generation Controlled by SmartphonesC．Smartphones: Where are they leading us?D．Another Choice? The Return of DumbphonesIn the 1960s and 1970s, some writers and university professors called themselves “futurists”. These futurists tried to forecast the future. 16 The problem was that none of these futurists were scientists or engineers. So, while they knew the future would have more powerful computers, they had no clue what these computers would look like, what they could do, or what impact they would have on our lives.17 Having said that, we can make some good guesses about future technology by looking at current scientific and technological advances. We can also ask the real experts: the scientists and engineers who are bringing us these advances.Because so much of our daily life will be integrated with computers, virtual reality will become an actual, real reality for many of us. This virtual world will at times seem as real as — ifnot more real than — the actual world around us. Without leaving home, you will be able to take tours of foreign countries, or even get a medical exam by a doctor in another city.18 There is already, for example, technology which will allow blind people to see using cameras and deaf people to hear using microphones that are connected to their brains. Future technology will allow people to defeat all sorts of physical disabilities.Much research is being done to unlock the human mind. Using technology that is being developed now, people in the future may be able to not just read someone else’s mind, but also record their thoughts like one would record a movie. 19 For example, robot hands are being developed for people who have no hands. These artificial hands are connected to a person’s nerves so that the person’s brain tells the hands what to do.As a result of such advances, in the future, some people who are badly injured may become more robot than human. 20We should all eagerly view the future as a great adventure — a new world waiting to be explored. Who knows exactly what we will find?A．Speaking of medicine, people with brain injuries will be able to find new hope.B．That is, their brains will control their robotic body parts so they can live their lives normally. C．Only a few of their predictions were right, and all of them missed the computer revolution. D．Artificial hands are made stronger and faster than human ones and work very well. E．Some other research involves using robotic technology to replace human functions.F．Many new parts will be made to replace broken human body ones.G．This should make us hesitate before we try to predict the future.二、完形填空For most of us, running a marathon is hard enough. Spanish athlete Eric Domingo Roldan is a man who did not think running a marathon was enough of a 21 . Instead, on November 8, 2021, he attempted to 22 his mum in the Barcelona Marathon.Completing the race was not 23 for him. To make things even 24 , he wanted to break the world record for “the fastest marathoner pushing a wheelchair (轮椅)”. Such a 25 was difficult to achieve, but Eric had a special 26 . He wanted to develop 27and educate people about multiple sclerosis (多发性硬化症), the disease his mother had dealt with for more than 17 years.Their first attempt was 28 in the Seville Marathon back in 2020. But instead of 29 , they trained harder and Eric promised to 30 in 2021. The conditions were 31 this time. Eric was in his home city, so he made a strong 32 . Then he hit halfway in 1 hour 26 minutes, well on track for the record. “I was feeling 33 from the first kilometer until the last, as my mum never stopped 34 and supporting other runners, and that was the best part of running together,” he shared. “To cross that line meant we did what we 35 after going through the hardest time of our lives.”21．A．benefit B．chance C．risk D．challenge 22．A．amaze B．push C．honor D．respect 23．A．possible B．important C．enough D．helpful 24．A．harder B．worse C．clearer D．faster 25．A．standard B．position C．purpose D．goal 26．A．problem B．reason C．result D．personality 27．A．fitness B．fairness C．awareness D．business 28．A．unsuccessful B．incomplete C．unnecessary D．impracticable 29．A．standing by B．carrying on C．falling behind D．giving up 30．A．recover B．return C．relieve D．reply 31．A．similar B．difficult C．favourable D．unknown 32．A．start B．change C．decision D．connection 33．A．nervous B．concerned C．calm D．happy 34．A．asking B．cheering C．passing D．reminding 35．A．needed B．liked C．promised D．suggested三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
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2015.6
高68级高一期末考试点点通6
元素周期律和元素周期表
一、判断正误，并指明错误的原因。
1. 单核微粒中，原子序数＝核内质子数＝核外电子数。
2. 同周期元素的原子（稀有气体除外）半径从左向右依次递减。
3. 金属元素能形成简单阴离子。
4. 随着元素原子序数的递增，原子最外层电子数总是从1到8重复出现。
5. 随着元素原子序数的递增，元素的最高化合价从＋1到＋7，最低化合价从－7到－1重复出现。
6. 原子序数为15的元素的最高化合价为＋3 。
7.同一元素不可能既表现金属性，又表现非金属性。
8. 最外层电子数大于或等于4时，则出现负价。
9. 氟元素无正价，氧元素无最高正价。
稀有气体化学性质不活泼，看做0价。
10. 第一张元素周期表是由门捷列夫制出的，与现行周期表不同，它是按相对原子质量大小排列的。
11. 最外层有两个电子的元素一定是第ⅡA族元素。
12. 主族序数＝最高正价一定成立。
13．同周期第ⅡA族与第ⅢA族相邻两种元素的原子序数相差1.
二、选择题
1.元素的以下性质，随着原子序数递增不呈现周期性变化的是（）
A．化合价B．原子半径 C．最外层电子排布D．相对原子质量
2. a A2＋、b B＋、c C3－、d D－都具有相同的电子层结构，则下列说法中正确的是（）
A．原子序数：d＞c＞b＞a B．原子半径：r(A)＞r(B)＞r(D)＞r(C)
C．离子半径：r(C3－)＞r(D－)＞r(B＋)＞r(A2＋) D．最高正价：A＞B＞D＞C
3. 下列各元素性质递变情况中，错误的是（）
A．Li、Be、B原子最外层电子数依次增多
B．P、S、Cl元素最高正化合价依次升高
C．N、O、F原子半径依次增大
D．P、S、Cl元素的负化合价依次为－3、－2、－1
4. 元素的原子结构决定其性质和位置。
下列说法正确的是（）
A．元素原子的最外层电子数等于元素的最高化合价
B．多电子原子中，在离核较近的区域内运动的电子能量较高
C．P、S、Cl得电子能力和最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性均依次增强D．金属和非金属分界线附近的元素属于过渡元素
5.下列微粒半径大小的比较中，正确的是（）
A．Na ＋
＜Mg
2＋
＜Al
3＋
＜O
2－
B．S
2－
＞Cl
－
＞Na
＋
＞A l
3＋
C．Na＜Mg＜Al＜S D．Cs＜Rb＜K＜Na
6.元素R的最高价含氧酸的化学式为H n RO2n－2，则在气态氢化物中R元素的化合价为（）
A．12－3n B．3n－12 C．3n－10 D．6－3n
7. 甲、乙是周期表中同主族的相邻元素，若甲的原子序数为x，则乙的原子序数不可能是（）
A．x＋2 B．x＋4 C．x＋8 D．x＋18
8. 国际无机化学命名委员会在1989年作出决定，把长式周期表原先的主、副族及族号取消，
由左到右改为第1～18列，碱金属族为第1列，稀有气体为第18列。
按这个规定，下列说法正确的是（）
A．只有第2列元素的原子最外层有2个电子B．第13列元素为第ⅢB族
C．第3列元素种类最多D．第16、17列元素都是非金属元素
9. 俄美科学家联合小组曾合成出114号元素的一种同位素，不正确的是（）
A．该元素属于第7周期B．该元素位于ⅢA族
C．该元素为金属元素D．该元素性质与Pb相似
10.下列元素在元素周期表“金属区与非金属区分界线”上的是（）
A．Be和Al B．F和Cl C．As和Sb D．Li和Na
11．A、B为短周期元素，B3＋比A2－离子少一个电子层，若A的原子序数为n，则B的原子序数为（）
A．n＋5 B．n＋11 C．n－3 D．n＋3
三、填空题
1. 下表是1～18号部分元素的原子半径及主要化合价：
2
(1)五种元素的原子中原子半径最大的元素是________(填元素符号)；
(2)写出下列有关反应的化学方程式：
①Z的单质与Y的最高价氧化物对应的水化物反应的化学方程式：
___________________________________________________________；
②R2X2与ZX2反应的化学方程式：_________________________________________；
(3)X可与Z形成一种有恶臭味的气体，该气体与氧气发生反应的物质的量之比为1∶2，
且反应前后气体的总体积不变，试写出该气体的化学式：___________ __________。
2.A、B、C为短周期元素，在周期表中所处的位置如图所示。
A、C两元素的原子核外电子数
之和等于B元素原子的质子数。
B元素原子核内质子数和中子数相等。
(1)写出A、B、C三种元素的名称__________、__________、__________。
(2)B位于元素周期表中第______周期第________族。
(3)C的原子结构示意图为__________。