高二第一讲

Be the change you want to see in the world.——《越狱》第一讲Grammar + Reading总纲(一)Parts of sentences（句子成分）1.主语I love you.（主语从句）2.谓语He went away.3.宾语I love you.（宾语从句）4.表语He is a teacher.（表语从句）句子成分 5.补语宾语补足语He asked me to leave.I was asked to leave.6.定语He is a good teacher.（定语从句）7.状语He went abroad yesterday.（状语从句）8.同位语Mr. Lee, our teacher, is coming.（同位语从句）9.插入语By the way, he will go to school.(二)Kinds of sentences（句子种类）I.简单句(五种构成方式)1.主谓（主语+不及物动词）2.主谓宾（主语+及物动词+宾语）3.主系表（主语+连系动词+表语）(必须记住五组连系动词)4.主谓双宾（主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）(1)间接宾语后置,我们可以通过加入介词(to或for)来将间接宾语后置。

(2)当两个宾语都是代词时，通常将间接宾语后置。

Give it to me.5.主谓宾宾补（主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(宾语的动作或状态) ）(1)形容词做宾语补足语使(2)名词或名词短语做宾语补足语:(3)非谓做宾语补足语只须记住感观动词和使役动词的短语II.并列句：两个或以上简单句用以下四种方法连接1.并列连词(and, so, or, but, yet) He is young, and he is good.(Make) Greater efforts, and you will succeed2.分号：He is young ; he is good.3.—：Try some of this juice-perhaps you'll like it.4.两个插入语for example：I have many good friends, for example, Tom is one of them.that is：He seldom helps others, that is, he is so selfish.III.主从复合句：两个或以上简单句用从句连词连接。

IV.并列复合句:(三)Numeral（数词）1.普通分数one third, two thirds, a half, a quarter, 3 quarters + ofI.分数 2.百分数thirty percent+ of百分之三十的3.具体分数one in four=one out of four四个中的一个1.确定基数词: one, two, three…(1) three boys (2) three of us (3) three of my students2.不确定基数词: many, few, a few, several, little, a little, some, any…II.基数词(1) many boys (2) many of them (3) many of my students3.单位基数词dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million, billion(1) three dozen eggs, many dozen eggs(2) three dozen of the eggs, many dozen of those eggs(3) dozens of, scores of, tens of, millions of, billions of, tens of thousands ofIII.序数词：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, hundredth（用法见冠词）IV.数词短语(1)every few days 每几天1.频率(2)every other day=every two days=every second day每两天(每隔一天)(3)every three days=every third day每三天(每隔两天)(1)enough>plenty of + Ns/Nu2.许多(2)lots of=a lot of=a mass of=masses of=a quantity of=quantities of+ Ns/Nu(3)a number of=a good (great) many=many +Ns=many a + Nc(4)a great deal of=an amount of=amounts of + Nu3.越来越多的an increasing number of=a growing number of=more and more4.各种各样的a variety of=different kinds of + Ns/Nu5.大多数的the majority of = most (of the) + Ns/Nu≠少数的the minority of+ Ns/NuV.英语没有量词on his first visit to China(四)Agreement（主谓一致）1. both A and B: Both time and tide wait for no man.I. A and B 2.表示两个人,物或事: What I love and what I hate are none of your business.(1) The famous singer and dancer is coming.3.表示一个人,物或事(2) Every (each/no) boy and every (each/no) girl is good.(3) When and where to meet is not decided.B以A为主：He as well as his friends is going abroad.单独做主语 1.指人: All but one were here just now.指物: All he has done is right.IV.集体名词 1.强调整体: My class is a good one.V.二合一名词 1.单独做主语: My trousers are new.is what I want.VI.单复同形的名词 1. Every means has been tried to prevent pollution.VII. the +形容词或分词表示一类: The old are wise.(the old, the dying垂死者, the employing雇佣者, the employed被雇佣者)(the police ,the Chinese , the English, the French)VIII.分数和the rest of以中心名词为主: The rest of the students are fond of computer games.1. There be: There is a book and two pens on the desk.IX.靠近原则2.平行词组:Not only Tom but also his parants are kind to me(either..or../neither...nor.../whether...or.../).3. A or B: One boy or his friends are to come.1. One hundred years is a long time.X. Time/Money/Distance 2. One million dollars is a large sum.3. Two thousand miles is a long way.XI.倒装句要认准主语 1. Between the two windows hangs a picture.2. What he needs is more money, while what I need are more books. XII.固定词组(1)One of his books is very good.1. one of (2)He is one of the boys who like English. (定语从句)(3)He is the (only)one of the boys who likes English. (定语从句)(1) a quantity of Ns/Nu +is, large quantities of Ns/Nu +are2.数量(2) a number of+ Ns+ are, the number of +Ns +is(3) an amount of Nu+ is, large amounts of Nu+ are3. one and a half apples +is=one apple and a half +is4. more than one +is5. many a boy +is6. we each +are=each of us +is7.加减乘除算式+is8 The 2008 Olympic Games are to be held in Beijing.9. This kind (sort/type) of man is good.= Men of this kind (sort/type) are good.10. My collection of stamps is very wonderful.(五)插入语1. (much/greatly) to one’s surprise=to one’s (great) surprise (shock, joy, delight, knowledge)2. 否则otherwise=or else≠or（连词）3. 然而nevertheless≠while（连词）4. 因此therefore=thus=as a result≠(and) so（连词）5. 但是6. 就我所能/知/见so(as) far as I can/know/see; 就…而言so(as) far as sb./sth. is concerned7. 另外also=again=besides=in addition=what’s more=moreover=more than that同时(in the) meanwhile (meantime) = at the same time进一步(甚至)further more≠even（副词）8. 一方面,另一方面on one hand…on the other hand=for one thing…for another (thing)…=firstly…secondly(互换)9. 相反instead=rather=in turn≠从反方面看on the contrary10.实际上as a matter of fact=in (actual) fact =actually11.更糟的to make matters worse= what’s worse still=what’s worse= worse still=worse than that12.最后/终于finally=eventually =in the end<at last13.现在nowadays=for the time being=at present=presently14.那以后(ever)after (that)=afterwards=from then on=later(on) +did那以后(ever) since (then) +have(had) done15.突然suddenly=all of a sudden=all at once≠刹那间(一瞬间)in a flash16.确切地说namely=or rather =or≠换言之that is (to say )= in other words =ie17.俗话说as a saying goes18.多半/大多数情况下more often (than not)=in most cases=for the most part19.例如for example=for instance20.等等and so on=and so forth=etc.21.in that case在那种情况下≠in case 以防万一≠in case (that)万一（连词）≠in case of 万一（介词）22..in general；in particular特别地；on the whole整体上；in detail细节上in short简言之；in a word总之；in common共同；in common with与…相同（介词）23.after all毕竟(终究)；at all(1)一点都不(2)究竟,above all最重要的是；first先(then然后)；first of all=firstly第一(secondly…其次)at first起初；(all) in all=altogether=in total总共24.on earth=in the world (1)究竟(2)在世界上, on the earth在地球上, in the earth在地里。