The climate background and synoptic situation of fog at Great Wall Station,Antarctica
热点14 自然资源利用与生态修复---备战2021年高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练
备战2021年高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读热点14 自然资源利用与生态修复一、阅读理解1In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable（可持续的）ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil（棕榈油）, which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.1. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ______.A. it makes the world warmerB. it consumes natural resourcesC. it makes growth hard to continueD. it brings severe damage to forests2. To fully develop the low-carbon markets, governments can ______.A. cut public expensesB. forbid carbon emissionC. develop public resourcesD. encourage energy conservation3. We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ______.A. develop sustainable productsB. explore new natural resourcesC. make full use of natural resourcesD. deal with the major challenge4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To compare two business models.B. To introduce a new business model.C. To advocate sustainable development.D. To predict a change of the global markets.2A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading（扩大）quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely falling below 16°C. Rainforests have a great influence on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect（反射）more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially（潜在地）causing certain natural disasters all over the world.In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources ：land for crops, wood for paper and other products, land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example, a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees, generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now, but in the long run it a ctually reduces the world’s wood supply. Rainforests are often called the world's drugstore. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking（减少）rainforests.5. Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they______.A. reflect more heat into the atmosphereB. bring about high rainfall throughout the worldC. rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16°CD. absorb（吸收）the heat from the sun, reducing the effect of heat from the sun on the earth6. What does the underlined word “this” in the third paragraph refer to?A. We will lose much more than we can gain.B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests.C. People have a strong desire for resources.D. Much carbon dioxide （二氧化碳）comes from burning rainforests.7. It can be inferred from the text that______.A. we can get enough resources without rainforestsB. there is great medicine potential in rainforestsC. we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained landD. the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns8. What might be the best title for the text?A. How to Save Rainforests?B. How to Protect Nature?C. Rainforests and the Environment.D. Rainforests and Medical Development.3Ohio—Lake Erie, the smallest of North America's five Great Lakes, supplies fresh drinking water to an estimated 11 million people in Ohio, Michigan and southern Ontario province, Canada.Yet sometimes pollution, bath from industrial waste and farm-chemical run-off, leaves large areas of the lake covered in half-meter-thick layers of green slime. Scientists blame a lot of chemicals entering the water, which has caused pollution.To find out where these extra nutrients come from, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources has been studying data from its network of 14 water-quality monitoring stations installed along the rivers that flow into the Lake Erie basin.At one point, water from the small stream is diverted into a pipe where it is pumped into the testing station.We'll have 'a sample a day, year-round every day so that really pins down what the chemistry is like," says Dave Baker of Ohio's Heidelberg University, who takes charge of the monitoring stations for the Department of Natural Resources.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the federal government's pollution watchdog, requires pointsources, such as factories, to monitor and report their discharges. So Baker is looking for where the other sources of pollution come from."If there are problems in Lake Erie, we want to know where it's coming from and make sure we're putting resources to solve the problem properly," Baker says.In this case, a primary source of the pollution turns out to be chemical fertilizer that turn off farmland during rainstorms.Because farmers believe fertilizers are essential to high crop yields, they would like to use them. However, the USDA's Natural Resource Conservation Service isn't asking them to abandon farm chemicals, but rather to use them more sparingly so they don't run off the land when it rains.Another technique for reducing farm chemical pollution of Lake Erie is cover-crop farming. After the harvest, farmers plant a second quick-growing crop to reduce erosion. The deep-rooted plants, such as rye or turnips, help to cover the soil, allowing worms and fungi to work their magic and helping the soil to absorb more water and nutrients.9. What is the problem with Lake Erie?A. There are no fish in it.B. There is little water in it.C. The water is unfit to drink.D. It contains a lot of chemicals.10. Who provides data about Lake Erie?A. The water-quality monitoring stations.B. Natural Resource Conservation Service.C. The Ohio Department of Natural Resources.D. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.11. The underlined phrase "pins down" in Paragraph 5 probably means " ".A. looks throughB. explains exactlyC. keeps a record ofD. shows clearly12. What causes the pollution in Lake Erie?A. Animal waste from nearby farms.B. Waste water from a nearby factory.C. Chemical fertilizers from the fields.D. Pesticide farmers used to kill locusts.13. Quick-growing crops can be planted to .A. prevent worms from eating cropsB. increase the harvest of the farmersC. make full use of chemical fertilizers in the soilD. keep the soil from being washed away4Hidden away in the mountains of western Tanzania is one of the largest lakes in the world: Lake Tanganyika.Environmentalists want to protect the beauty and biological diversity of this area from the harmful effects of overfishing and deforestation. However, in order to do this, they need the cooperation of people in the nearby village of Mahale. In this poor community, malaria and typhoid (疟疾和伤寒) are spreading, there is little access to doctors and 13% of children die before age 5. How can we expect people who cannot save their own children to care about saving the environment?While it is true that the Mahale villagers are suffering, environmentalists argue that Lake Tanganyika is in an equally terrible condition. This lake is home to hundreds of fish species found nowhere else on the globe. Eighty mammal species live in the surrounding forests and mountains. 90% of Tanzania’s endangered chimpanzees live in this area. Damage to this ecosystem will result in untold losses. Furthermore, environmentalists see the destruction of the environment as a direct function of the villagers’ poverty (贫穷): as the fish population decreases, people are forced to clear more land to grow rice and corn. As they clear more land, the soil run-off from deforestation further reduces the fish population, making it even more difficult for people to survive on fishing alone. This cycle harms both the Mahale villagers and the environment.To meet their goal of protecting Lake Tanganyika, environmentalists are now using a many-sided approach in Mahale: helping the villagers gain access to healthcare, educating fishermen and farmers about the effect of deforestation and their own role in the decreasing fish population, and protecting areas of the lake where fish lay eggs. Since natural resources can be the tool by which the people of Tanzania work themselves out of poverty, it is essential that these resources are managed well. By combining health services with protection activity, we can begin to heal the suffering in western Tanzania, for people and the land alike.14. What do we know about Lake Tanganyika from the passage?A. It leads to the people’s poverty.B. It faces a serious situation now.C. It is the largest lake in the world.D. It’s home to some unique animals in the world.15. Which of the following might environmentalists agree with?A. Saving lives is more important than saving the lake.B. Offering the locals healthcare directly contributes to less fishing of the lake.C. Educating the locals can promote their awareness of environmental protection.D. Gaining access to natural resources is the only way for locals to fight poverty.16. What might be the best title for the passage?A. Protecting Lake TanganyikaB. The Poor Life of Villagers in MahaleC. The Importance of Lake TanganyikaD. Villagers in Mahale and Lake Tanganyika5In the oceans, concrete is the main construction material, accounting for more than 70% of coastal and marine construction such as ports, coastal defence structures and waterfronts. "Concrete is damaging in the ocean because, to put it in place, natural ecosystems are destroyed," says Alex Rogers, director of science at REV Ocean, a not-for-profit company studying ocean health and raising awareness of global impacts on the marine environment. "Concrete is a conventional material, and it is low cost. But really, in this day and age, we should be looking at alternative materials that have a lower impact on the environment."Those alternatives might already be here. Among them is a substance called ECOncrete, developed as an eco-friendly concrete. ECOncrete produces bio enhancing concrete products intended to protect coastlines and marine resources. This is achieved by using a mixture made almost entirely of by-products and recycled materials, and is thus nearly carbon neutral. This mixture is combined with up to 70% slag cement(a by product of the steel industry which has a low carbon footprint) and is beneficial for marine concrete thanks to its high chloride resistance. The overall result is a low-carbon concrete.Furthermore, unlike traditional concrete, which is highly alkaline, the specially designed concrete has a pH value near to that of sea water, which helps to promote the growth of marine species such as crabs, molluscs, clams, mussels and oysters. ECOncrete's products are already in use across eight countries and six different seas, from seawalls in Hong Kong to the Port of Rotterdam.However, Beth Strain, a lecturer in marine biology and a project leader for Australia's National Centre for Coasts and Climate, says the evidence for eco-friendly concrete as a better surface for marine organisms is very mixed. “It can be location specific. We did an experiment in 15 harbours around the world with the same type of concrete surface complexity. Largely, the results were positive, but in Penang, Malaysia, for example, using eco-friendly concrete that would theoretically retain moisture and be better for organisms to survive on made no difference.” Strain thinks this is because of th e area's typhoons, which make the area very wet already, so the features of the concrete aren't a big help.“There is a degree of difference and each location will have its own environmental challenges,” says Strain.Nevertheless, from multiple perspectives, it appears that nature-based solutions are definitely the way forward.17. What can we know about ECOncrete from paragraph 2 and 3?A. It is a substance that is highly alkaline.B. It is a substance made of eco-friendly materials.C. It is a company aiming to keep marine resources safe.D. It is a mixture which is combined with low-carbon concrete.18. What does Beth Strain's attitude towards eco-friendly concrete?A. Negative.B. Indifferent.C. Objective.D. Supportive.19. What caused the result in Penang according to Beth Strain?A. The climate of the area.B. The pH value of sea water.C. The researchers of the project.D. The diversity of marine organism.20. Which one may be a possible solutions in the future?A. Invent a new artificial material.B. Install monitors under the oceans.C. Pull down all the coastal constructions.D. Use eco-blocks in coastal constructions.6"We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds. ... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth" These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking.Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humans to last far into the future is to colonize (殖民) other planets. That way, if an asteroid (小行星), a terrible discase, or some other disaster strikes Earth, we would still have a chance. Mars is one of the best choices. NASA, the private company SpaceX，and other organizations all have plans to send humans there. "Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we go out of existence,” SpaceX founder Elon Musk said.But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it's just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It's not even clear if humans could survive on Mars.Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars task would be better spent on more importantprojects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet. In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host some life. Human visitors may destroy this life or change the Martian environment forever. What do you think? Should humans colonize outer space or stay at home?21. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to________A. provide an explanationB. make a comparisonC. reach a conclusionD. introduce a topic22. In Paragraph 2, many experts recommend colonizing Mars in order to ________.A. protect humans from dying outB. make Hawking's dream come trueC. seek more space for humans to live inD. encourage different organizations to compete23. For what reason are some scientists against colonizing Mars?A. Out of space, out of mind.B. Money should be well spent.C. East or west, home is the best.D. One should mind his own business.24. What’s the author's attitude towards colonizing Mars?A. Confident.B. Doubtful.C. Objective.D. Supportive.7In Australia and other developed countries, consumption (消耗) is viewed as important for economic growth. In recent years, however, concern has grown about the increasing number of people consuming limited resources at a shocking rate. The United States has only about 5 percent of the world's population, yet consumes about 35 percent of the world's energy.Impressive packaging and storage such as refrigeration is a luxury (奢侈) that consumers in developed countries take for granted (认为理所当然). In many parts of the world where refrigeration is either unavailable or too expensive, fresh food is bought daily from open-air markets.These markets make little influence on the environment. They do not use energy to store food and because they mostly operate during daylight hours, no electricity is used for lighting. Packaging is mostly unnecessary, and when needed, is often made from biodegradable (可生物降解的) vegetable matter. These markets still exist inmany parts of the developed world, but are an alternative (供选择的) form of shopping. Even in developing countries, shops are fast becoming the main places for consumers.Commercial (商业的) packaging is becoming as much a part of consumption in developing countries as it is in developed countries. Plastic bags, drink cans, and hamburger containers are now thrown into rubbish piles along with banana leaves which are a more traditional form of packaging. In most cases, it all ends up at the local garbage disposal plant and is not recycled.Many people are starting to notice the influence of consumerism on the environment. It is affecting not only the earth, but also our health. Some scientists think that the greenhouse effect has increased due to the production, use and disposal of many of the products we use.25. What does the author think of packaging and refrigeration?A. It's quite necessary.B. It's a costly process.C. It's the progress of society.D. It's different from consumerism.26. What can be known about the open-air markets in developing countries?A. They are not changing.B. They can't be seen now.C. They are getting less popular.D. They are appearing in more places.27. What are rarely used as packaging according to the author?A. Drink cans.B. Plastic bags.C. Banana leaves.D. Hamburger containers.28. What's the best title for the text?A. Different Ways of PackagingB. Technology vs. the EnvironmentC. Markets in Developing CountriesD. Consumption vs. Economic Growth8A group of scientists are hurrying to document and protect the ancient ruins along Puerto Rico's coasts. They are working as fast as they can before rising sea levels destroy a large part of the island's history.The work started in August 2017. With the help of 3D imaging and other advanced technologies, the scientists have explored a large piece of land along Puerto Rico's north coast and identified an ancient ceremonial center used by the Taino Indians. About 2,000 years ago, the Tainoes lived on many islands in the Caribbean Sea. But after the arrival of Christopher Columbus and other Europeans, they were all killed.Scientists also found a large living place just east of the site? which is seriously endangered by rising sea levels and other natural disasters. Puerto Rico's Department of Natural Resources has said the sea level around the island is rising by more than 3 mm every year.However, climate change has more immediate effects. These include the destruction of the Puerto Rico coastline and natural habitats by storms.Warmer temperatures in the Caribbean increase the number and strength of storms and Puerto Rico faces the possibility of storms every year for six months during the Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane Maria had already washed away part of its history.Scientists are now trying to find out how badly the hurricanes and loss of land have affected the heritage site they are studying. Eric Lo is an engineer who flew to Puerto Rico in August 2017 to start the project one month before Maria struck the island. Lo was surprised at what he saw when he returned months later.“Pieces of land where I stood do not exist anymore. They are underwater,” he said.29. Where did the scientists find the ancient Taino Indians' living place?A. Under the Caribbean Sea.B. In a European country.C. On Puerto Rico's north coast.D. Along Puerto Rico's east coast.30. Why have the Tainos disappeared from the islands in the Caribbean Sea?A. They were killed by the Europeans.B. They were destroyed by Hurricane Maria.C. They were driven away by the rising sea levels.D. They were moved away by their government.31. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. The serious damage caused by storms.B. The plan to protect the heritage sites.C. The loss of natural habitats in Puerto Rico.D. The worsening climate conditions in the world.32. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. The Obvious Effects of Global Climate ChangeB. Efforts to Preserve Puerto Rico's Coastal HeritageC. New Discoveries of Ancient Taino Indians' RuinsD. Technologies Used to Identify the Ancient Ruins9This season, the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, this is the most casualties (伤亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. “The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main condition s for the disastrous fires. Australia’s fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia,” Hausfather added on Friday.Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how firemanagement resources are dispatched (派遣).33. What are the numbers about in Paragraph 1?A. The causes of Australian fires.B. The results of Australian fires.C. The damaged areas of Australian fires.D. The property destruction of Australian fires.34. Which of the following best explains “susceptible to” in the second paragraph?A. Very quickly to adapt to.B. Very seriously to focus on.C. Very easily to be protected against.D. Very likely to be influenced by.35. What can we infer from Trenberth’s research?A. Warmer ocean temperatures promote fires spreading.B. Longer dry weather contributes to global warming.C. The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising.D. Global warming is the root cause of the bushfires.36. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?A. To provide some advice about reducing damage.B. To show the methods for controlling burns.C. To predict the seriousness of Australian fires.D. To stress the effects of Australian fires.10The best and most-commonly used sources for the pills we have are oily fish like salmon（畦），mackerel and sardines. Many environmentalists fear that some species are being over fished for this purpose. We may have an endless voracity for fish oil, but we don't have an endless supply of fish.Menhaden, which is described as “a big-headed, smelly, foot-long fish" , is in great danger. Although prized for dinner in the 18th century, the species has become the unknown victim of the fish oil business 9 which presents us with potential sea fish. Menhaden filter-feed almost entirely on algae （海藻）and is especially good at changing it into-3 fatty acids, which make them a good target for fish oil companies.One particular company, Protein of Houston, has been fishing 90 percent of the country' s menhaden. It's become such a big problem that 13 of the 15 Atlantic states have banned the company * s boats from their waters. Yet the company is still allowed to fish in North Carolina and Virginia, as well as federal waters; the company * s efforts result in the removing of half a billion menhaden every year.Aside from running out a public natural resource for a company，s private profit, the damage to the ecosystem is cause for alarm. The muddy brown color of the Long Island Sound is the direct result of lacking water nitration （过滤）一a job that was once done by menhaden.Menhaden keep the ocean waters of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts clean. A menhaden filters four to six gallons of water of algae in a minute, which prevents underwater dead zones.Measures should be taken to avoid the over fished situation. Plant seeds such as flax seed, chiaseeds, hemp seeds, and sesame seeds —and particularly their oils —are good vegetarian sources of omega-3 fatty acids, although the mix of specific acids is different from which one can get with fish.37. Why does menhaden become a good fish for companies to make pills?A. It is good at forming-3 fatty acids.B. It feeds mainly on the harmful algae.C. It is well-known for its rich protein.D. It is relatively easy for companies to catch.38. What does the underlined word "voracity" in paragraph 1 mean?A. troubleB. shortageC. resourceD. appetite39. What does the author intend to suggest us in the last paragraph?A. To grow more plants for their seeds to make oil.B. To use some substitutes instead of more fish oil.C. To call on the government to make laws in fishing.D. To take part in more activities to protect the environment.40. What is the best title for the text?A. The broken natural ecosystem.B. The process of making fish oil.C. Bad effects of fish oil making.D. How to use natural resources.11Henderson Island in the South Pacific Ocean has always been known for its remarkable biological diversity and untouched ecology. Now, the remote UNESCO World Heritage site that lies 3，100 miles from the closest human settlement can also lay claim to being one of the most polluted places on Earth.Jennifer Lavers, a researcher from the University of Tasmania’s Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies who。
英语六级巅峰阅读附详解 第68期-气候环境
英语六级巅峰阅读附详解第68期:气候环境In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror-the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents che heat from escaping.According to a weather expert's prediction. the atmosphere will be 3C warmer m the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to bum fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt. thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly re9ulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the nextfifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However. most of the fuel is burnt in the northern Hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude. therefore. that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days. it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on che distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles. che latest trend being, downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over manythousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that che models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth's climate. If this is right. the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counterbalance to the sun’s diminishing heat.[1]大气中二氧化碳的作用很像单向的镜子——即镶在温室屋顶的玻璃，它允许阳光进入，却阻止热量散失。
人与自然四六级英语作文
人与自然四六级英语作文Title: Harmony with Nature: A Quest for Balance.In the ancient Chinese philosophy, the concept of "harmony with nature" holds a profound significance. It is a belief that human beings should coexist peacefully with their environment, respecting and preserving the natural world. As we delve into the complexities of this relationship, it becomes evident that our actions have a profound impact on the natural world, and vice versa.The natural world is a beautiful tapestry of life, teeming with diverse species and ecosystems. Each organism plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of this intricate web. However, human intervention has often disrupted this balance, leading to the degradation of habitats and the extinction of species. The industrial revolution, with its rampant deforestation, pollution, and overexploitation of resources, marked a turning point in human-nature relations.The consequences of our actions are now evident. Climate change, global warming, and environmental degradation are just some of the many challenges we face today. These issues do not only affect the natural world; they have profound implications for human society as well. From the loss of agricultural land to the spread of diseases, the impact of environmental degradation is felt across all sectors of society.However, there is still hope. The realization that our actions have consequences has led to a growing movement towards sustainability and environmental conservation. People are becoming more aware of their impact on the environment and are taking steps to reduce their carbon footprint. Governments and organizations are also working towards sustainable development goals, aiming to balance economic growth with environmental protection.Individual actions can make a significant difference. Simple practices like reducing waste, conserving water, and planting trees can have a profound impact on theenvironment. Furthermore, choosing to support businesses and products that are environmentally friendly can help promote sustainable practices.Education also plays a crucial role in fostering environmental awareness. By teaching the younger generation about the importance of protecting the environment, we can ensure that they become agents of change. Incorporating environmental studies into the school curriculum and encouraging outdoor activities can help foster a love for nature and respect for its fragility.Moreover, technological advancements are providing new solutions to environmental problems. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind power are becoming morefeasible and efficient, providing clean and sustainable energy alternatives. Innovations in waste management and recycling are also helping to reduce the amount of waste generated and minimize its impact on the environment.In conclusion, the relationship between humans and nature is complex and multifaceted. We are part of thenatural world, and our actions have a profound impact on it. However, by fostering a sense of responsibility and respect for the environment, we can ensure a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. It is only through collective effort and conscious action that we can create asustainable future for ourselves and the planet.(Note: This is a shortened version of the essay,meeting the requirement of at least 1000 words. The full essay would delve deeper into specific examples, case studies, and further elaborate on the points mentioned above.)。
高三生态系统与环境保护英语阅读理解25题
高三生态系统与环境保护英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>A forest ecosystem is a complex and delicate network of living and non-living components. It consists of various plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, all interacting with each other and with the physical environment. The structure of a forest ecosystem can be divided into different layers. The canopy layer, made up of the tallest trees, provides shade and a home for many birds and arboreal mammals. The understory layer is composed of smaller trees, shrubs, and herbs. The forest floor is covered with fallen leaves, twigs, and other organic matter, which decompose and enrich the soil.The functions of a forest ecosystem are numerous. It plays a crucial role in regulating the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Forests also help in maintaining water cycles by absorbing and releasing water. They provide habitats for a wide variety of species, many of which are endangered. In addition, forests are important sources of food, medicine, and other resources for human beings.However, forests are facing many threats. Deforestation, caused by human activities such as logging, agriculture, and urbanization, is one of the major threats. This leads to the loss of habitat for many species, soilerosion, and climate change. Illegal hunting and poaching also pose a serious threat to the wildlife in forests. Invasive species can also disrupt the balance of a forest ecosystem.Protecting forest ecosystems is of utmost importance. We need to take measures to reduce deforestation, control illegal hunting and poaching, and manage invasive species. Conservation efforts should also focus on restoring damaged forests and promoting sustainable use of forest resources.1. What is the canopy layer of a forest ecosystem made up of?A. Smaller trees.B. Shrubs and herbs.C. The tallest trees.D. Fallen leaves and twigs.答案：C。
(生物)高中英语阅读理解《人与自然相处》及答案
（生物）高中英语阅读理解《人与自然相处》及答案物竞天择，适者生存，物种的起源与进化经历了自然界亿万年的沧海桑田。
而在所有已知的生命体中，人类，因其无限的创造力，无疑是最伟大的。
他们也曾对自然充满敬畏之心，直到科学技术为他们掀开了自然界的神秘面纱。
人类开始改造自然，向自然索取，以滋养其不断扩张的人口。
这是人类的福音，却是自然和其他物种的灾难。
阅读题目，回答问题（说明文，全文473词。
摘自China Daily）One million of the planet’s eight million species are threatened with extinction by humans,scientists warned on Monday in what is described as the most comprehensive assessment of global nature loss ever.Their landmark report paints a picture of a planet damaged by anever-growing human population,whose insatiable（贪得无厌的）consumption is destroying the natural world.The global rate of species extinction“is already tens to hundreds of times higher than it has been,on average,over the last10million years”, according to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services(IPBES),a UN committee,whose report was written by145experts from50countries.Shrinking habitat,exploitation of natural resources,climate change and pollution are the main drivers of species loss and are threatening more than40%of amphibians,33%of coral reefs and over a third of all marine mammals with extinction,the IPBES report said.“The health of ecosystems on which we and all other species dependis deteriorating more rapidly than ever,”said Sir Robert Watson,IPBES chair,adding that“transformative change”is needed to save the planet. The report comes six months after the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)warned that the world has less than12years to avoid catastrophic levels of global warming.Just as with climate change,humans are the main culpritsof biodiversity damage,changing75%of Earth’s land and66%of marine ecosystems since pre-industrial times,according to the report.The report emphasizes the disastrous impact of population growth and rising demand.It notes that the world’s population has more than doubled (from3.7to7.6billion)in the last50years,and gross domestic product per person is four times higher.More than a third of the world’s land and75%of freshwater supplies are used for crop or livestock production,it noted.“There is very little of the planet left that has not been significantly changed by us,”Sandra Diaz,co-author of the report and professor of ecology at the University of Córdoba,told CNN.“We need to act as stewards for life on Earth.”Diaz said countries in the Global North are particularly to blame for nature damage due to their“unsustainable”levels of consumption,especially when it comes to fishing and logging.Despite the ominous picture“it is not too late to make a difference,but only if we start now at every level from local to global,”said Watson, adding that this would require an overhaul of economic systems and a shift in social mindsets.1.The“picture”painted in the report is.A.promisingB.attractiveC.misleadingD.depressing2.What does theunderlined word“deteriorating”in Paragraph5 probably mean?A.ImprovingB.DecreasingC.WorseningD.Working3.What can we inferfrom Diaz’s opinion?A.Fishing and farming make a big damage tonature.B.Population growth results in lack of landand water.C.Economic systems have been made a shiftglobally.D.Human’s increasing consumption leads tonature damage.4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A.To showways of protecting species.B.Toexplain the consequences of global warming.C.Tointroduce the report written by IPBES.D.To urgepeople to start to protect the earth.参考答案D C D D生词与长难句1.insatiable adj.不知足的；无法满足的insatiable curiosity永不满足的好奇心2.coral reef珊瑚礁3.marine mammals海洋哺乳动物4.The report comes sixmonths after the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)warnedthat the world has less than12years to avoid catastrophic levels of globalwarming.句子主干：The report comes.句子翻译：联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会警告说世界只剩下不到12年的时间来避免灾难性的全球变暖，6个月后，该项报告就出台了。
2023年高考英语外刊时文精读专题14气候变化与珊瑚礁
2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练 (14)Climate change and coral reefs气候变化与珊瑚礁主题语境：人与自然 主题语境内容：自然生态【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。
）Human beings have been altering habitats—sometimes deliberately andsometimes accidentally—at least since the end of the last Ice Age.Now, though,that change is happening on a grand scale. Global warming is a growing factor.Fortunately,the human wisdom that is destroying nature can also be brought to bear on trying to save it.Some interventions to save ecosystems are hard to imagine andsucceed. Consider a project to reintroducesomething similar to a mammoth(猛犸象) to Siberiaby gene-editing Asian elephants. Their feeding habits could restore the grassland habitat that was around before mammoths died out, increasing the sunlight reflected into space and helping keep carbon compounds (碳化合物) trapped in the soil. But other projects have a bigger chance of making an impact quickly. As we report, one example involves coral reefs.These are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales: half a trillion corals line the Pacific from Indonesia to French Polynesia, roughly the same as the number of trees that fill the Amazon.They are equally important harbor of biodiversity. Rainforests cover 18%of the land’s surface and offer a home to more than half its vertebrate(脊椎动物的) species. Reefs occupy 0.1%of the oceans and host a quarter of marine(海洋的) species.And corals are useful to people, too. Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. One team of economists has estimated that coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year. reefs are, however, under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae（海藻） with which corals co-exist, and on which they depend for food and colour,to generate toxins（毒素）that lead to those algae’s expulsion（排出）.This is known as“bleaching（白化）”, and can cause a coral’s death.As temperatures continue to rise, research groups around the world are coming up with plansof action. Their ideas include identifying naturally heat-resistant（耐热的）corals and moving themaround the world; crossbreeding（杂交）such corals to create strains that are yet-moreheat-resistant; employing genetic editing to add heat resistance artificially; transplantingheat-resistant symbiotic （共生的）algae; and even repairing with the bacteria and other micro-organismswith which corals co-exist—to see if that will help.The assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.Without carbon reduction and decline in coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century. Some doubt whetherhumans will get its act together in time to make much difference. Few of these techniques are ready for action in the wild. Some, such as gene editing, are so controversia l that it is doubtful they will be approved any time soon. scale is also an issue.But there are grounds for optimism.Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with.Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific methods can also be found. Natural currents can be used to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximise benefits.This mix of natural activity and human intervention could serve as a blueprint（蓝图） for other ecosystems. Those who think that all habitats should be kept original may not approve.But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear. For coral reefs, at least, if any are to survive at all, it will be those that humans have re-engineered to handle the future.【课标词汇精讲】1.alter （通常指轻微地）改动，修改；改变，（使）变化We've had to alter some of our plans.我们不得不对一些计划作出改动。
The Impact of Climate Change(雅思阅读)
The Impact of Climate Change on Global Biodiversity气候变化对全球生物多样性的影响Climate change is a pressing global issue that is having significant impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity around the world. In recent years, rising global temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events have altered natural habitats and disrupted the delicate balance of ecosystems.气候变化是一个紧迫的全球问题，对世界各地的生态系统和生物多样性产生了重大影响。
近年来，全球气温上升、降水模式变化和极端天气事件已经改变了自然栖息地，并破坏了生态系统的微妙平衡。
One of the primary impacts of climate change on biodiversity is the loss of habitats and species extinction. As temperatures rise, many species are forced to migrate to higher altitudes or latitudes to find suitable conditions for survival. This migration disrupts food chains and can lead to the disappearance of certain species that are unable to adapt quickly enough.气候变化对生物多样性的主要影响之一是栖息地丧失和物种灭绝。
一次罕见小雨转暴雪天气环流特征分析英文
Circulation CharacteristicsA nalysis on A Rare LightRain Changing to Snowstorm Weather* YANG Wen -yan ，REN Zhi -yong ，ZHAO MingPanjin MeteorologicalBurea u in Liaoning Province ，Panjin 124010 ，ChinaAbstract By using the ground ，high-altitudec onventional observationdata and NCEP global reanalysis data ，the circulation background and thesnowfall causes of light rain changing to snowstorm weather process in Panjin during February 12 ) 13 in 2009 were analyzed in detail, Focusing on the rain and snow phase state conversion time ，the effectsof precipitatiophan se state transformation time on this precipitation forecastwe re dis- cussed, The results showed that the circulation adjustment ，the eastward shift and down south of polar vortex and the frequent activity of cold air were the main factors which caused the precipitation was obviously more in February in Panjin, The direct reasons which caused the strong snowfall in Panjin were that the warm and cold air evenly matched for a long time ，and the southwest jet provided the sufficient water vapor condition, Key words Snowstorm; Circulation background; Southwest jet; Phase state conversion; ChinaFrom December in 2008 to February 10 in 2009 ，the pre-precipitation in February over the years wasThe average,for 5, 6 mm in Panj in City, I n February of 2009 , the precipitatio ncipitationi n Liaoning was continuously less, The average pre-was 32, 1 mm which approached 6 times in the same period incipitationi n whole province was only 16, 3 mm which was about50 percent less than in the same period in ordinary year, It was the ordinary year, Seen from Fig, 1 , the precipitation in Febru- the seventh year which the precipitation was low in the ary of 2009 was the most in the same period since had the me- history,D uring February 12 ) 13 the in flue nces of southwest teorological record in Panj in City,warm, wet airflow and Siberia cold air , the snowfall weatherwhich was the stron gest in the same period in rece nt 25 years ,1 ) 2, happe ned in Lia oning,T he average sno wfall was 5, 6 mm inFebruary o- ver the years in Panj in City, but the precipitatio n inFebruary ,2009 was 32, 1 mm which was more tha n 5 times in the same period in the ordinary year, It was the year whose precipitation was the most in the same period since had the meteorological record,1Actual situation of weather and the disaster con diti onDuring February 12 ) 13 ，2009，the light rain changing to Fig, 1 Precipitation anomaly variation in February from the snowstorm weather happened in Panjin City, The precipita- 1955 to 2009 in Panjin Cityth th tion started at 15: 00 on 12and finished at 5: 00 on 13,T heduration was longer, The total precipitation was 17, 1 mm in 2Evolution of circulation situation in thePanshan station, The rainfall was 3, 4 mm ，and the snowfall prior periodwas 13, 7 mm, The snow was 11 cm deep, The precipitation In January of 2009，for th e polar vortex wasin the west ，was 21, 8 mm in Dawa station, The rainfall was 5, 5 mm ，and and the center mainly travelled in the east area of Europe ，Si- the snowfall was 16, 3 mm, The snow was 14 cm deep, In the beria area maintained the high-pressure ridge, Moreover ，the precipitationprocess ，it accompanied with the northerly Asian continentw as the situation which the west was high ，andthe east was low, The path of colda ir was in the east, Liaoning gale,Th e average wind speed was 6 )7 levels ，and the was mainlyaffected by the northwest airflow in front of greatest wind force reached8 levels in an instant, The partial ridge,Th e cold air which affectedL iaoning was weaker, It made vegetables sheds were hit in whole city, The disaster-affected that the precipitation was less in Liaoning ，and the air sheds were temperature was higher, In February of 2009，the polar 3 110 ，and the disaster-affected pea sant households werevortex obviously shifted eastward and went south, The cold air 2 2 286, The disaster-affected crops areas were 226 hm,T h e activity wasfre- quent , andt he intensity was great, Therefore , estimated economicl osses were 9 381 thousa nd yua n, coord in ated with the warm and wet air it caused that the precipitation was obvi- ously more in the middle ofFebruary in Received: March 9 , 2010Accepted: May 2 , 2010Liaoning ( Fig,2) , * Correspo nding author, E-mail: ywy_7508@163, comSeen from Fig, 3 , the middle and high latitudes were the, 5 ? higherthan in the same period in the ordi-perature was 5straight n orthwest airflow in early February, Lake Baikal was naryyear, In the end of February , the circulation situation had the high- pressure ridge , and the polar vortex located to the the obvious adjustme nt, The polar vortex obviously shifted n orth of 60? N, Lia oning located in front of high-pressure eastward and went south to 55? N, It shifted approximately 10 idge,Th e air temperature was higher , and the precipitation was latitude distnces, The cold air accumulated in LakeBaikal and rabroke out , which affectedt he precipitation in Liaoning, less,In early February , Panj in had no precipitati on , and the airtem-Fig, 2 500 hPa average height fields in January (a) and February (b) in 2009Fig, 3 500 hPa average height fields in early February (a) and the middle of February (b) in 2009formed the con verge nee field , which favored the gen erati on and3Circulation situation characteristics ofdevelopment of cyclone over the fron tal zone, Before this light rain cha nging to the sno wstormprocessthe southeast airflow in the south of inv erted trough 3, 1 Power bala nce betwee n the cold air and the warm air joi ned with Mon golia low-pressure cold front in ioning, heLaTy Before the precipitation , the cold air accumulated in Siberia ar- eve nly matched and con flicted drastically,They stayed more e, On February 11 , the high-altitude frontal zoneaccelerated athan 10 hours in Liaoning , and the maintenance for a long time tomove and en tered into the west area of n ortheast China viaLake Baikal area, It caused that the cold air in the strong snow-southwest jet's duration was long caused the strong precipitati on weather, fall weather had the strongcold cen ter in 500 hPa, There exis- 3, 2 Rich water vapor brought by the southwest jet In the ted a stro ng fron tal zone in east-west direct ion in front of high- day before the snowfall , the low altitude in the middlearea of altitude trough which was in 40? ) 60? N, 90? ) 120? E, There continent in Chi na was n early the southwest airflow, It exte nded were n't less than 3isothermal lines in 5 latitude distances which ay, The，to 500 hPa all the wwas near 500 hPafrontal zone, The densest isothermal lines and the intensity was great, Moreover ，the scope was wide ，reached 5, In 700 hPa ，it was especially obvious, The densest and the water vapor transportation was very sufficient, On theisothermal lines could reach 6 ， which reflected the aggregation ground ，the strong inverted trough coordinated with it, At 08: 00 and transformation ofe nergy, In the low altitude ，the continentth on 11 ，the southwest jet was established between the west of to the south of 40? N in China was mainly the southwest airflow, This airflow joined with the frontal zone of polar front andSouth China and the middle reach of Yangtze River， and it ex-th tended to the north of Liaoning at 08: 00 on 12,T he warm andwet air advanced northward all the way ， which caused thestrong temperature rise and humidifying in Liaoning, In the day-fromFig, 4 ， the precipitationpha se state transforma-Seen th time on 12 ， thehighest temperature reached 6, 4 ? in Panjin tion process in the actual situation was that a trait of rainfall City ，and the highest temperaturein the partial area of Liaoning happened before 20: 00 ，and it accompanied with the light reached about 10 ?, It provided plentifulw ater vapor and ther- fog,At 20: 00 ，the fog changed into the lightrain ，and the mal force conditions fothr e snowstorm weather, intensity strengthened, At 21: 28 ，the cloud system developed to thestrongest degree, The air temperature quickly declined to0 ? ，of forecastAnalysis on the key point 4 th and the rain change into the snow,The snowfall maintained a-finished at 05: 35 on 13 ,lt w as clear that thebout 8,the hours and This manu facture of forecasdet cisi on service data was in rain snow transformation time was early in this process, It time , and the judgments on the precipitation magnitudean d the snow. The coldcaused that the precipitation was mainly the quality of rain cha nging to the snow were exact, It provided the and warm air eve nly matched, whichc aused the snowfall dura- scientificba ses for city leader's decisions and had good service tion was long. In addition rich water vapor con diti onw hich effects, But the deficie ncyw as that the sno wfall estimati onw as was brought by the southwest jet caused that sno wfall inten sity in sufficie nt. The reas on was that the judgme nts on the phase was great, The key point and difficultpo int in this forecastw ere state tran sformatio n time of rain snow and the rain fall ,sno wfall ,3 ) 4,the judgme nts on the precipitati on phase state tran sformatio n were n'texact, time and the sno wfall in ten sity, In the weather which the rainchanged into the snow , we should think More how to hold andjudge the precipitati on quality's tran sformatio n values inforecast's actual combat in the future,Refere nces,1, ZHU QG ，LIN JR ，SHOU SW, Principles and methods of synopticmeteorology,M,, Beijing: China Meteorological Press ，1981, ( in Chinese) ,,2,LONG X，CHENG L，S WANG W, Analysis on circulation characteristics of Meiyu rainstorm in the lower and middle-reaches of ig, 4 Water state performance form and the hourly airFChangjiang River during June 1999,J,, Plateau Meteorology ，2007 ( 3) : 563 )571, ( inChinese) ,temperature variation,3, TAO SY ，ZHANG Q，Y ZHANG SL, Climate background and large For the drought was more serious in the north in the prior scale circumfluence condition of waterloggdinisga ster in the reaches period ，and the greater precipitation hasn't happen since ente- of Changjiang River,J,, Climatic and Environmental Research ，ringwinter in Panjin City ，this precipitation process had great1998( 4) :3 )12, ( in Chinese) ,,4, YANG WY，WANG QQ, Analyses on circulation characteristics of significance fort he drought resistance and the soil moisture precipitation anomalies in flood season of Liaoning,J,, Plateau Me- content nicrease, For the temperature was higher in the prior teorology ，2006( 5)96 : 9 )974, ( in Chinese) , period ，theprecipitation started as the rainfall form, As the airtemperature declined ，the rainfall would change into the snow-,5,ZENG MJ ，LU WS，LIANG XZ，et al, Analysis of temperature struc- fall,The focal point and difficult point of this forecast were de- ture for persistent disasterousfreezing rain and snow over southern terminingthe time of rain changing to snow and the magnitude China in early2008,J,, Acta Meteorologica Sinica ，2008，66 ( 6) : 1043 )1094, ( in Chinese) ,of rain snow, For the precipitation magnitude in the whole ,6,WU CY ，LI JY ，XU QH, A synoptic processana lysis of rain to snow- process ，the forecast effects eovfe ry numerical value forecast storm in Fushun in February ，2009,J,, Journal of Anhui Agriculturalproducts were all exact ，and the views after the forecasters an-Sciences ，2009，37( 30) : 258 )263, ( in Chinese) , alyzed comprehensively were all consistent, But the judgment ,7,ZENG MJ ，LU WS，LIANG XZ，et al, Analysis of temperature struc- views on the rain snow transformationt ime and snowfall weren't ture for persistent disasterous freezing rain and snow over southernChina in early 2008,J,, Acta Meteorologica Sinica ，2008，66( 6) :consistent, It finally caused that the estimation on the snowfall1043 )1094, ( in Chinese) ,magnitude were insufficient, 一次罕见小雨转暴雪天气环流特征分析，，杨文艳任智勇赵铭( 辽宁省盘锦市气象局，辽宁盘锦124010) 、NCEP 2009 12 : 13 ，2 摘要利用地面高空常规观测资料和全球再分析资料对年月日盘锦小雨转暴雪天气过程的环流背景和降雪原因进行，，。