化学专业词汇
化学专业 英语词汇及相关词组的缩写
polymer atomlinkage molecule monomer complex proteinsubstituted conformation organic inorganic strength kevlarfibre(fiber) polymerization ethene polyethene constituent terminate random n.n.n.n.n.adj.nadj.adj.n.adj.adj.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.adj.聚合物原子连接，剪接分子单体复杂的，合成的，综合的蛋白质蛋白质的取代的，代替的构象有机的，组织的无机的强度凯夫拉纤维纤维，构造，纤维制品聚合乙烯聚乙烯（PE）成分，组分停止，结束，终止随意，任意任意的，随便的interval propagation acidamino sequence activity accessible spontaneously manufacturebiopolymer nucleic catalyst facilitate accelerate dimmer basealcohol amine carboxylic chloride n.n.n.adj.adj.n.n.adj.adv.vt.n.n.adj.n.vt.v.n.n.n.n.adj.n.间隔，距离，时间间隔链增长酸酸的氨基的次序，顺序，序列活性易接近的自发地，本能地制造，加工制造，产品生物高分子核的催化剂使容易，使便利，推动加速，促进二聚物碱醇胺羧基的氯化物acid chlorideaceticesteramidefree radical initiation propagation mechanism double bond formula susceptible ionicinitiator neutralize cation anionic kinetics solvent counter-ionion-pair stereochemistry stereoregularity adj.n.n.n.n.n.n.adj.adj.n.v.n.adj.n.n.n.n.酰氯醋酸的，乙酸的酯酰胺自由基引发增长机理双键分子式，公式易受影响的离子的引发剂使失效，抵消，中和阳离子阴离子的动力学溶剂反离子，抗衡离子离子对立体化学立构规整性blend copolymerization copolymer homopolymersynthesisstep-growth polymerization condensationadditionsuccessiveapplicationrigiditystressstrainmoduluslinearbranchedglass-transition temperature amorphouscrystallineeboniteadditivereinforce vt./n.n.n.n.n.n.n.adj.n.n.n.n.n.adj.adj.adj.adj.n.n.vt.混合，共混共聚合共聚物均聚物合成逐步聚合缩合加成连续的应用，申请，运用坚硬，刚性，刚度应力应变模量线的，线性的支化的玻璃化温度无定形的，非晶的结晶的硬橡胶添加剂补强，加固fillerpigment plasticizer lubricant processing aid forcibly standpoint extensibility vinylpolyvinyl chloride elasticity nonquantitative handdraperatiospin(span spun) filamentchopstapletwistdeniertenacity n.n.n.n.adv.n.n.n.n.adj.n.n.n.v.n.vt.n.vt.n.n.填料颜料增塑剂滑润剂加工助剂强制地，有力地立场，观点延长性，伸长乙烯基聚氯乙烯（PVC）弹性非定量的手感悬垂性比，比率纺，纺纱细丝切，砍人造短纤维捻，编织旦尼尔（纤度单位）韧性weathering resistancecoefficientalkalichemicaldielectric dielectric constant finish permanent specific gravity aluminum abrasion configuration moldextrudethermal form intricate magnitude transparent ceramic n.n.adj.adj.n.n.n.adj.n.n.n.n.vt.v.adj.n.adj.n.耐候性系数碱碱性的化学的化学药品电介质，绝缘体介电常数光洁度永久的，持久的密度铝磨损构造，结构，构型模型模塑，模压挤出热成型复杂的，错综的大小，数量，量级透明的陶瓷porcelainfire retardance asbestosmica conductivity surgicalimplant inertness malleablecast iron constraint parameter plasticization macroscopic elongation thermodynamic salvation thermoplast flexible processability adj.n.n.n.n.adj.n.v.n.adj.n.n.n.adj.n.adj.n.n.adj.n.陶器的瓷器，瓷阻燃性石棉云母电导率，传导率，传导性外科的外科手术植入不活拨，惰性有延展性的铸铁约束，强制参数，参量增塑，塑化，塑炼宏观的伸长热力学的溶剂化（作用）热塑性塑料，热塑柔性的，柔软的加工性foamphthalicdominateethylhexylDOP(dioctyl phthalate) polyether polycondensation oligomerdistinctioninteractdiluentextenderprimary plasticizer secondary plasticizer phthalate preferentially phenolic resin melamine polyurethane n.v.adj.v.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.v.adj.n.n.n.adv.n.n.泡沫，泡沫塑料发泡邻苯二甲酸的支配，占优势乙基己基邻苯二甲酸二辛酯聚醚，多醚缩聚反应低聚物区别，差别互相作用稀释的稀释剂填充剂主增塑剂助增塑剂邻苯二甲酸酯择优地酚醛树脂三聚氰胺聚氨酯gauchetranshelixplate-out pearlesence polytetrafluoroethylene obviatetalcpolyolefin compatiblesprayconventional multifunctional stearatepastillemontanic acid polycarbonate pultrusion polysulfoneoleodiscolorationparallel adj.n.n.n.n.vt.n.n.adj.vt.adj.adj.n.n.n.n.n.adj.n.v.左右式的反式螺旋，螺旋状物积垢珠光聚四氟乙烯消除，排除滑石，云母聚烯烃协调的，一致的喷射，喷溅常规的，传统的多功能的硬脂酸盐芳香重剂，粉蜡笔褐煤酸聚碳酸酯拉挤成型聚砜油的，油酰基的变色，污点相应，平行cadmium organo mercaptide brittle aesthetic appeal decyl adipate azelate adipic sebacic glycol triethyl titanium tatrachoride reactant alkane ethanol chromic silica alumina cyclohexane n.adj.n.adj.adj.n.n.n.n.adj.adj.n.adj.n.n.n.n.n.adj.n.n.n.镉有机金属的硫醇盐易碎的，脆弱的美学的，审美的要求癸基己二酸壬二酸酯脂肪的葵二酸的乙二醇三乙（烷）基的钛四氯化物反应物烷烃乙醇铬的硅土氧化铝（亦称矾土）环己烷isobutenefilternickel molybdenum charcoal hydride corrugated ductilitycobalt crosslinking dicumyl peroxide polymethylene diazomethane sodium paraffin serendipitous benzaldehyde coaxialfacility premature microporousness nanometer n.vt.n.n.n.n.adj.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.adj.n.adj.n.adj.n.n.异丁烯过滤镍钼活性炭氢化物波纹的延展性钴（Co）交联过氧化二异丙苯聚亚甲基重氮甲烷钠石蜡偶然发现的苯甲醛同轴的，共轴的设备，工具未成熟的，太早的微孔性纳米multidomain aggregationgranule montmorillonite homogenizematrixengender polypropylene propylenebromideslurryaluminum diethyl chloride titanium trichloride isotactichexanetacticitymethanolbulkymethylstiffnesstertiaryoxidative n.n.n.n.n.n.v.n.n.n.n.adj.n.n.n.adj.n.n.adj.adj.多畴聚集物，聚集（态）小粒，颗粒蒙脱石均质化，使均质基质，基体造成聚丙烯丙烯溴化物浆，泥浆，料液二乙基氯化铝三氯化钛等规的，全同立构的己烷立构规整性甲醇大的，容量大的甲基坚硬，硬度第三的，第三位的氧化的，具有氧化特性的degradationretardphenolicantioxidant dithiocarboxylic acid dilauryl dithiopropionate phosphateultravioletturfmattranslucent hydrochloric petroleumethane bichloridefluffymasticateprofoundextremelynegativesteric hidrance repulsionaliphatic n.vt.adj.n.n.adj.n.n.adj.adj.n.adj.v.adj.adj.adj.n.adj.降解，降级延迟，使减速，阻止酚的，石碳酸的防老剂，抗氧化剂二硫代碳酸二月桂基二硫代丙酸酯磷酸盐（酯）紫外线的草根土，草皮垫子半透明的氯化氢的，盐酸的石油二氯乙烷松散的，蓬松的塑炼，破料深刻的，深奥的极端的，非常的负的，阴性的位阻排斥，推斥脂肪族的，脂肪质的dehydrochlorination popcorn-like dryblendambientcalendarplastisol organosolrefluxsteam-stripvinyl acetate n.adj.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.米花状的干混料，干混合环境温度，室温压延机增塑溶胶，增塑糊稀释增塑糊，有机溶胶回流汽提乙酸乙烯酯Name Reagents and Trade NameBrederick Reagen Burgess ReageCaro’s AcidColman’s ReagentCorey-Kim Reagent Danishefsky’s Diene Dess-Martin Periodinane Diazald Eschenmoser’s Sslt Freons(Fluorohalocarbons)Fremy’s SaltGilman ReagentsHünig’s BaseJones Reagent Lawesson Reagent Lindar Catalyst Mander’s Reagent Meerwein’s SaltMosher EstersOxoneRed-AlSelectrideSimmons-Smith Reagent SkellysolveSuper HydrideTebbe’s ReagentViehe’s SaltVilsmeier Reagent Wieland-Miescher Ketone Wilkinson’s Catalyst Wittig ReagentDess-MartinWieland-Miescher Dimethoxydimethylaminomethane(amide acetal)MeO2CN-SO2N+(Et)3(alcohol dehydration) Sulfomonoperacid HOSO2OOHDisodium Iron TetracarbonylDimethyl sulfide-chlorine1-Methoxy-3-trimethylsiloxybuta-1,3-dieneN-Methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulfonamide(diazomethane) Me2N+=CH2I-(Mannich reagent)11(CFCl3),12(CF2Cl2),13(CF3Cl),13B1(CF3Br),14(CF4),2 1(CHFCl2),22(CHF2Cl),23(CHF3),114(CF2ClCF2Cl),116( CF3CF3)(KO3S)2NOLithium DiorganocupratesDiisopropylethylamine(base catalyst)Chromic acid in acetonePd on CaCO3/PbOMethyl cyanoformate(NCC(=O))OMe Triethyloxonium Fluoroborate(Me3O+BF4-,methylating reagent)α-Methoxy-α-trifluromethylphenylacetatesPotassium monopersulfate(KHSO5)Sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium Hydridetri-sec-butylborohydride(L-Li,K=potassium)CH2I2-Zn(Cu)Petroleum ether solvents(alkane fractions)Sodium TriethylborohydrideCp2Ti(CH2)(Cl)AlMe2Me2N+=CCl2Cl-Me2N+=CHClCl-(Ph3P)3RhClPh3P=CR2MeO PSSOMePSSLawessonCH2ClAlCH3CH3TebbeSpectroscopy and Separation AcronymsASISδCDCICIDNP CMR COSY DEPT DNMREI ENDOR ESR(=EPR) EXAFS EXSY FABFIDFIDFTGLC HETCOR HMQC HOESY HPLCICR INDOR INEPTIRJLCLISMCDMSNMR NOE(SY) ODORD ORTEP PESR f ROESY TLCUV Aromatic solvent induced shifts (NMR)Chemical shift (NMR)Circular DichroismChemical Ionization (mass spec)Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear PolarizationCarbon-13 Magnetic ResonanceCorrelation Spectroscopy(NMR)Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (NMR) Dynamic NMRElectron Impact (MS)Electron Nuclear Double ResonanceElectron (Paramagnetic) Spin ResonanceExtended X-Ray Absorption Fine SpectrumExchange spectroscopy (NMR saturation transfer)Fast Atom Bombardment (MS)Flame Ionization Detecter (VPC)Free Induction Decay (NMR)Fourier TransformGas-liquid Chromatography (VPC)Heteronuclear correlation (NMR)Proton detected Heteronuclear Multiquantum Coherence (NMR) Heteronuclear Overhauser Spectroscopy (NMR)High Performance Liquid ChromatographyIon Cyclotron ResonanceInternuclear Double ResonanceInsensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (NMR) InfraredCoupling Constant (NMR)Liquid ChromatographyLanthanide Induced shifts (NMR)Magnetic Circular DichroismMass SpectrumNuclear Magnetic ResonanceNuclear Overhauser Effect (Spectroscopy)Optical DensityOptical Rotatory DispersionOak Ridge Thermal Ellipse ProgramPhotoelectron SpectroscopyRetention Factor (Chromatography)Rotating frame Nuclear Overhauser Spectroscopy (NMR)Thin Layer ChromatographyUltraviolet SpectroscopyVPC XPS Vapor Phase Chromatography (GLC) (ESCA) X-Ray Photoelectron SpectroscopyStandard Abbreviations and Acronymsα[α]ÅAcacac ADP AIBN AM1 AMP Anal anhyd AOaqAratm ATP ATPase av9-BBN 9-BBN-H Bn,Bzl BOC,Boc BODIPY bpbpybrBu,n-Bu s-But-BuBzB3L YP℃calcd cAMP CAN CASSCF CASPT2 cat CBZ,Cbz CCCD observed optical rotation in degreesspecific rotation [expressed without units;the units, (deg·mL)/(g·dm),are understood]angstrom(s)acetylacetylacetonateadenosine 5’-diphosphate2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrileAustin model 1adenosine 5’-monophosphatecombustion elemental analysisanhydrousatomic orbitalaqueousarylatmosphere(s)adenosine 5’-triphosphateadenosinetriphosphataseaverage9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanebenzyltert-butoxycarbonyldipyrromethene boron difluorideboiling point,base pair2,2’-bipyridylbroad (spectral)normal (primary) butylsec-butyltert-butylbenzoyl (not benzyl)3-parameter hybrid Becke exchange/Lee-Yang-Parr correlation functional degrees Celsiuscalculatedadenosine cyclic 3’,5’-phosphateceric ammonium nitratecomplete active space self-consistent fieldcomplete active space with second-order perturbation theorycatalyticbenzyloxycarbonyl (preferred over the abbreviation Z)coupled clustercircular dichroismcDNA CICIF CIDNP cmcm-1cod compd concd concn COSY cotCpm-CPBA CVCyδdDABCO dansyl DBN DBU DCC DCE DCM DDQ DEAD DEPT DFT DIBALH DMA DMAP DMDO DME DMF DMPU DMSO DMT DNA DPSdrDTTE1 complementary deoxyribonucleic acidchemical ionization; configuration interactioncrystallographic information filechemically induced dynamic nuclear polarizationcentimeter(s)wavenumber(s)1,5-cyclooctadienecompoundconcentratedconcentrationcorrelation spectroscopy1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraenecyclopentadienylmeta-chloroperoxybenzoic acidcyclic voltammetrycyclohexylchemical shift in parts per million downfield from tetramethylsilane day(s);doublet(spectral);decidensity1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonyl1,5- diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene1,8- diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-eneN,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide1,2-dichloroethanedichloroethane2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinonediethyl azodicarboxylatedistortionless enhancement by polarization transferdensity functional theorydiisobutylaluminum hydridedimethylacetamide4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridinedimethyldioxirane1,2-dimethoxyethanedimethylformamide1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinonedimethyl sulfoxide4,4’-dimethoxytrityl(4,4’dimethoxyltriphenylmethyl) deoxyribonucleic acidtert-butyldiphenylsilyldiastereomer ratiodithiothreitolunimolecular eliminationE2ED50 EDTA EI EPReq equiverESIEtFAB FDFID Fmoc FTgGC GTPhHF HMBC HMPA HMQC HOMO HPLC HRMS HSQC HzICR INDO IPIRJkKLLAH LCAO LD50 LDA LFER LHMDS lit bimolecular eliminationdose effective in 50﹪of test subjectsethylenediaminetetraacetic acidelectron impactelectron paramagnetic resonanceequationequivalentenantionmer ratioelectrospray ionizationethylfast atom bombardmentfiled desorptionflame ionization detector;free induction decay9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylFourier transformgram(s);prefix to NMR abbreviation denoting gradient-selected (e.g.gCOSY,gHMQC)gas chromatographyguanosine 5’-triphosphatehour(s)Hartree-Fockheteronuclear multiple bond correlationhexamethylphosphoric triamide(hexamethylphosphoramide)heteronuclear multiple quantum correlationhighest occupied molecular orbitalhigh-performance liquid chromatographyhigh-resolution mass spectrometryheteronuclear single quantum correlationhertzion cyclotron resonanceintermediate neglect of differential overlapionization potentialinfraredcoupling constant (in NMR spectrometry)kiloKelvin(s)(absolute temperature)liter(s)lithium aluminum hydridelinear combination of atomic orbitalsdose that is lethal in 50﹪of test subjectslithium diisopropylamide;local density approximationlinear free energy relationshiplithium hexamethyldisilazane,lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amideliterature value (abbreviation used with period)LTMP LUMO μmMM+ MALDI max MCD MCR MCSCF MD Me MEM Mes MHz min lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperididelowest unoccupied molecular orbitalmicromultiplet (spectral);meter(s);millimolar (moles per liter);megaparent molecular ionmatrix-assisted laser desorption ionizationmaximummagnetic circular dichroismmulticomponent reactionmulti-configuration self-consistent fieldmolecular dynamicsmethyl(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl2,4,6-trimethylphenyl(mesityl)[not methylsulfonyl(mesyl)] megahertzminute(s);minimuHOW TO APPROACH THE ANALYSIS OF A SPECTRUM (OR WHAT YOUCAN TELL AT A GLANCE)·Concentrate first on learning these major peaks and recognizing their presence or absence.1.Is a carbonyl group present? The C=O group gives rise to a strong absorption in the region1820-1660 cm-1(Conjugated ketones appear near 1680 cm-1).The peak is often the strongest in the spectrum and of medium width.2.If C=O is present,check the following types (if it is absent,go to step 3):ACIDS:Is O-H also present?·Broad absorption near 3400-2400 cm-1(usually overlaps C-H) AMIDES:Is N-H also present?·Medium absorption near 3400 cm-1;sometimes a double peak.ESTERS:Is C-O also present?·Strong-intensity absorption near 1300-1000 cm-1.ANHYDRIDES:Two C=O absorption near 1810 and 1760 cm-1.ALDEHYDES:Is aldehyde C-H present?·Two weak absorptions near 2850 and 2750 cm-1.KETONES:The preceding five choices have been eliminated.3.If C=O is absent:Compound may haveALCOHOLS,PHENOLS:Check for O-H.·Broad absorption near 3400-3300 cm-1.·Confirm this by finding C-O near 1300-1000 cm-1.AMINES: :Check for N-H.·Medium absorption(s) near 3400 cm-1ETHERS:Check for C-O near 1300-1000 cm-1(and absence of O-H near 3400 cm-1).4.Double bonds or aromatic rings·C=C is a weak absorption near 1650 cm-1.·Medium-to-strong absorptions in the region 1600-1450 cm-1;these often imply an aromatic ring.·Confirm the double bond or aromatic ring by consulting the C-H region;aromatic and vinyl C-H occur to the left of 3000 cm-1(aliphatic C-H occurs to the right of this value).5. Triple bonds·C≡N is a medium,sharp absorption near 2250 cm-1.·C≡C is a weak, sharp absorption near 2150 cm-1.·Check also for acetylenic ≡C-H near 3300 cm-1.6. Nitro groups·Two strong absorption at 1600-1530 cm-1 and 1390-1300 cm-1.7. Simple Hydrocarbons:V ery few peaks/simple FTIR spectrum showing only –C-H,-CH2,-CH3 vibrations (right side of the 3000 cm-1,bending vibrations appear at 1375 to 1465 cm-1).8.Halogens (F,Cl,Br,I):Fluoride 1400-1000 s; Chloride 785-540 s; Bromide,Iodide<667 s.If none of the above peaks appear:consult a book or research paper for the details of FTIR.OR go to websites www.acros.be; mMMOmolMOMmpMPMRCImRNAMsMS MTBE MW,mol wt m/zNNAD+ NADH NBONBSNCS NICSnmNMO NMP NMR NOE NOESYNRTNuobsdODORDPCCPDCPESPhpivpmPM3PMBPPAppm millimolar (millimoles per liter)molecular orbitalmoles(s);molecular (as in mol wt)methoxymethylmelting pointMøller-Plesset perturbation theorymulti-reference configurationinteractionmessenger ribonucleic acidmethylsulfonyl(mesyl)mass spectrometrymethyl tert-butyl ethermolecular weightmass-to-charge ratio (not m/e)normal (equivalents per liter)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidereduce NADnature bond orbitalN-bromosuccinimideN-chlorosuccinimidenucleus-independent chemicalshiftnanometer(s)N-methylmorpholine-N-oxideN-methylpyrrolidonenuclear magnetic resonancenuclear Overhauser effectnuclear Overhauser effectspectroscopynatural resonance theorynucleophileobservedoptical densityoptical rotary dispersionpyridinium chlorochromatepyridinium dichromatephotoelectron spectroscopyphenylpivaloylpicometer(s)parametric method 3p-methoxybenzylpoly(phosphoric acid)part(s) per millionPPTSPriPrPTPTCpyqQSARRCMredoxrelR fRHFROESYROMPrRNArtsSARSCFSEMSETS N1S N2S N’SOMOttTTBABTBACTBAFTBSTBHPpyridinium para-toluenesulfonatepropylisopropylperturbation catalysisphase-transfer catalysispyridinequartet (spectral)quantitative structure-activityrelationshipring-closure metathesisreduction-oxidationrelativeretention factor (inchromatography)restricted Hartree-Fockrotating frame Overhauser effectspectroscopyring-opening metathesispolymerizationribosomal ribonucleic acidroom temperaturesinglet (spectrla);second(s)structure-activity relationshipself-consistent fieldscanning electron microscopy;2-trimethylsilyethoxymethylsingle electron transferunimolecular nucleophilicsubstitutionbimolecular nucleophilicsubstitutionnucleophilic substitution withallylic rearrangementsingle-occupied molecular orbitaltriplet (spectral)time;temperature in units ofdegrees Celsius (℃)absolute temperature in units ofkelvins (K)tetrabutylammonium bromidetetrabutylammonium chloridetetrabutylammonium fluoridetert-butyldimethylsilyltert-butyl hydroperoxidTCA TEAB TCNE EDDFT temp TEMPO TfTFA TFAA THF THP TIPS TLC TMAI TMEDA TMS TOFTr tRNAt RTsTS UHF UV VCD visvolv/v trichloroacetic acid etraethylammonium bromide tetracyanoethylenetime-dependent density functional theory temperature2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl trifluoromethanesulfonyl (triflyl) trifluoroacetic acidtrifluoroacetic anhydride tetrahydrofurantetrahydropyran-2-yltriisopropylsilylthin-layer chromatography tetrabutylammonium iodideN,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine trimethylsilyl;tetramethylsilanetime-of-flighttriphenylmethyl (trityl)transfer ribonucleic acidretention time (in chromatography)para-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl)transition stateunrestricted Hartree-Fockultravioletvibrational circular dichroismvisiblevolumevolume per unit volume。
化学用语专业英语词汇
structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, tooxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的refining 炼油refinery 炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column分裂蒸。
化学专业英语词汇表
化学专业英语词汇表本文介绍了化学专业需要用到的英语词汇，包括基础的化学术语、常用的化学分支、常用的化学实验和常用的化学反应。
文章采用表格形式列出了中文和英文对照的词汇，并给出了一些例句和注释，以便于理解和记忆。
文章的目的是帮助化学专业的学生和研究者提高英语水平，更好地阅读和撰写化学相关的文献和报告。
一、基础化学术语中文英文例句或注释化学chemistry Chemistry is the science of matter and its transformations. 化学是研究物质及其变化的科学。
元素element An element is a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances bychemical means. 元素是一种不能通过化学手段分解为更简单物质的物质。
原子atom An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of thatelement. 原子是元素的最小单位，保持了该元素的化学性质。
原子核nucleus The nucleus is the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons. 原子核是原子的中心部分，包含了质子和中子。
质子proton A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom. 质子是一种带正电的亚原子粒子，存在于原子核中。
中子neutron A neutron is a neutrally charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom. 中子是一种不带电的亚原子粒子，存在于原子核中。
化学专业名词的英文词汇
1,molecular [məu'lekjulə]adj.[化学]分子的；由分子组成的2,scope [skəup]n.范围；余地；视野；眼界；导弹射程vt.审视scope:范围|作用域|显示器3,overview ['əuvəvju:]n.[图情]综述；概观Overview:概述|全貌|概览4,structure ['strʌktʃə]n.结构；构造；建筑物vt.组织；构成；建造Structure:结构|装置|宏观结构5,bonding ['bɔndiŋ]n.粘合；[机][电子]压焊adj.结合的；黏结的v.结合（bond 的现在分词）；联系bonding:键合|粘结|邦定6,moleculesn.分子，微粒；摩尔（molecule 的复数）7,Ionic [ai'ɔnik]n.爱奥尼亚语adj.爱奥尼亚的；爱奥尼亚式的；爱奥尼亚人的；爱奥尼亚韵律的ionic:离子|爱奥尼亚式|爱奥尼8,electron [i'lektrɔn]n.电子electron:电子|电动势|埃雷克特龙镁合金9,atomic orbital【原子物理学】原子轨函数，原子轨道10,formulasn.公式；配方；规则（formula 的复数）Formulas:公式11,hydrogen ['haidrədʒən]n.[化学]氢Hydrogen:氢|仲氢|氢原子12,urea ['juəriə]n.[肥料]尿素Urea:尿素|尿素氮|脲13,acetic acid[有化]醋酸，[有化]乙酸acetic acid:乙酸|醋酸|冰醋酸14,apparatus [,æpə'reitəs]n.装置，设备；仪器；器官15,monument ['mɔnjumənt]n.纪念碑；历史遗迹；不朽的作品vt.为树碑monument:纪念碑|纪念物|遗址16,Stockholm ['stɔkhəum;'stɔ:k,hɔ:lm]n.斯德哥尔摩（瑞典首都）Stockholm:斯德哥尔摩|斯德歌尔摩|瑞典17,proximity [prɔk'simiti]n.亲近，接近；邻近18,separation [,sepə'reiʃən]n.分离，分开；间隔，距离；[法]分居；缺口separation:分离|分选|隔票19,ionization energy [物][化学]电离能ionization energy:电离能|电离能量|游离能20,affinity [ə'finəti]n.密切关系；吸引力；姻亲关系；类同affinity:亲和力|亲合力|姻亲关系21,electronegative [i,lektrəu'neɡətiv]adj.负电性的；带负电的electronegative:阴电性的|带负电的|负电性的22,repulsion [ri'pʌlʃən]n.排斥；反驳；反感；厌恶23,diazomethane [dai,æzəu'meθein]n.[有化]重氮甲烷diazomethane:重氮甲烷|叠氮甲烷24,cathode rays阴极线；阴极射线（cathode ray 的复数）cathode rays:阴极射线|阴极线25,stream [stri:m]n.溪流；流动；潮流；光线vt.流出；涌出；使飘动vi.流；涌进；飘扬Stream:流|河流|音频流26,plum pudding n.葡萄干布丁plum pudding:干果布丁|葡萄干布丁27,scattering ['skætəriŋ]n.散射；分散v.散射；散布；驱散（scatter 的ing 形式）adj.分散的Scattering:散射|反向散射|钻眼偏斜28,nucleus ['nju:kliəs]n.核，核心；原子核nucleus:细胞核|核仁|晶核29,proton ['prəutɔn]n.[物]质子30,spectrograph ['spektrəuɡrɑ:f,-ɡræf]n.光谱仪；摄谱仪31,neutrons ['nju:trɔnz]n.中子（neutron 的复数）neutrons:散射中子|中子32,quantum ['kwɔntəm]n.量子论；额；美国昆腾公司（世界领先的硬盘生产商）33,ultimately ['ʌltimətli]adv.最后；根本；基本上ultimately:最后|终于|最终34,equationsn.方程式；等式；均等；均势（equation 的复数形式）35,spectra ['spektrə]n.光谱；范围（spectrum 的复数形式）36,spectrum ['spektrəm]n.[物]光谱；[电信]频谱；[心]余象；范围37,spherically ['sferəkli]adv.球地；球状地spherically:圆地|球状地|天体地38,symmetric [si'metrik]adj.对称的；匀称的symmetric:对称的|反对称|对称式39,node [nəud]n.节点；瘤；叉点40,visualization [,vizjuəlai'zeiʃən]n.形象化；清楚地呈现在心41,three dimensions 三维（空间）three dimensions:三度空间|三维42,exclusion [ik'sklu:ʒən]n.排斥；排除；驱逐；被排除在外的事物43,spin [spin]vi.纺纱；吐丝；旋转；晕眩vt.纺纱；使旋转；编造；结网n.旋转；疾驰44,subsequently ['sʌbsikwəntli]adv.随后，其后；后来subsequently:随后|后来|尔后45,in-phasen.同步；[电]同相in-phase:同相|同相位46,overlap [,əuvə'læp,'əuvəlæp]n.重叠；重复vi.部分重叠；部分的同时发生vt.与重叠；与同时发生overlap:重叠|搭位|焊瘤47,helium ['hi:liəm]n.[化学]氦（符号为He ，2号元素）Helium:氦气|氦|命名为氦48,net [net]vt.得到；净赚；用网捕vi.编网n.网；网络；净利；实价adj.纯粹的；净余的net:罗|曲线|净的49,stabilization [,steibilai'zeiʃən,-li-]n.稳定；稳定化stabilization:稳定化|稳定|镇定50,monoatomic [,mɔnəuə'tɔmik]adj.单原子的monoatomic:单原子的|一原子的一元的一价的|一原子的51,hybrid ['haibrid]adj.混合的；杂种的n.杂种，混血儿；混合物Hybrid:混合|混合动力|混合式52,promotion [prəu'məuʃən]n.提升，[劳经]晋升；推销，促销；促进；发扬，振兴Promotion:促销|晋升|优惠促销53,beryllium [be'riliəm]n.[化学]铍（符号Be ）Beryllium:铍|钛铍合金|铍鋍54,valence electron [物化]价电子valence electron:价电子|原子价电子55,indicate ['indikeit]vt.表明；指出；预示；象征indicate:指示|显示|象征56,hybridization [,haibridai'zeiʃən,-di'z-]n.杂交；配种；[化学]杂化；杂种培殖57,trigonal ['triɡənəl,trai'ɡəunəl]adj.三角的；三角形的；三方晶系的trigonal:三角的|三角形的|三角形网线58,tetrahedral [,tetrə'hi:drəl,-'he-]adj.四面体的；有四面的tetrahedral:四面体|四面角|有四面的59,ammonia [ə'məunjə]n.[无化]氨，阿摩尼亚Ammonia:氨|阿摩尼亚|氨水60,ethyne ['i:θain,'e-]n.[有化]乙炔ethyne:乙炔|溶解乙炔61,ethylene ['eθili:n]n.乙烯Ethylene:乙烯|乙撑|乙烯基62,acetylene [ə'setili:n]n.[有化]乙炔；电石气acetylene:乙炔|电石气|氧乙炔63,establish [i'stæbliʃ]vi.植物定植vt.建立；创办；安置establish:使开业|设立|确立64,elemental [,eli'mentəl]adj.基本的；主要的；自然力的；四大要素的（土、水、气、火）elemental:元素的|元素精灵|火精灵65,elemental analysis [分化]元素分析Elemental analysis:元素分析|元素分析数据|要素分析66,revealsvt.揭示（reveal 第三人称单数）n.暴露（reveal 第三人称单数）Reveals:揭示|透露67,empirical formula 经验式；实验式68,isomers ['aisəuməz]n.同分异构体（isomer 的复数）isomers:同分异构体|异构体|等雨率线69,Properites Properites:属性70,NMRabbr.核磁共振（nuclear magnetic resonance ）NMR:核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)|核磁共振谱71,diffraction [di'frækʃən]n.（光，声等的）衍射，绕射diffraction:衍射|绕射|衍射现象72,single crystal [晶体]单晶single crystal:单晶|单晶体|单结晶73,dashed line 虚线；短划线74,wedged [wedʒd,'wedʒid]adj.楔形的v.锲入（wedge 的过去式和过去分词）75,covalent bonding共价键；共价键结；共价结合76,resonance ['rezənəns]n.[力]共振；共鸣；反响77,quantum mechanics[量子]量子力学（解释次原子粒子运动和质量）78,hybrid orbital [物化]杂化轨道79,element ['elimənt]n.元素；成分；要素；原理；自然环境80,synthesis ['sinθisis]n.综合，合成；综合体81,organic synthesis [有化]有机合成82,interplay ['intəplei,,intə'plei,'in-]n.相互影响，相互作用vi.相互影响，相互作用83,octet [ɔk'tet]n.八重奏，八重唱；八行诗；八个一组的物品；[计]八位字节octet:八位位组|八重奏|八重态84,configuration [kən,fiɡju'reiʃən]n.配置；结构；外形85,linear structure [计]线性结构86,methane ['mi:θein]n.[化]甲烷；沼气87,hydronium [hai'drəuniəm]n.水合氢离子88,vibrate [vai'breit]vi.振动；颤动；摇摆；踌躇vt.使振动；使颤动89,equilibrate [,i:kwi'laibreit,i'kwilibreit]vi.平衡；相称vt.使平衡；与…平衡90,resonance hybrid 【化学】共振杂化分子91,equivalent [i'kwivələnt]adj.等价的，相等的；同意义的n.等价物，相等物92,wave equation 波动方程。
(完整版)化学专业英语常用词汇
☆常用： ppm: parts per millionppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen1. 化合物的命名：规则：金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称(1)MgCl2 magnesium [mæɡ’ni:zj əm] chloride (2)NaNO2 sodium nitrite [‘naitrait](3)KNO3 potassium[p ə’tæsi əm] nitrate [‘naitreit] (4)硝酸 nitric acid(5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate练习：▪ FeBr2 ▪ (NH4)2SO4 ▪ NH4H2PO4▪KMnO4▪亚硫酸▪sulfurous acid▪H2S▪NO2 有机物命名▪Hydrocarbon▪{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon}▪Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃)▪{Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)}▪Alcohol 醇▪Aldehyde 醛▪Ketone [‘ki:təun] 酮▪Carboxylic acid 羧酸▪Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)▪{benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌)无机物中关于数字的写法mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-一，二，三，四，五，六，七，八，九，十有机物中关于数字的写法meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-,甲乙丙丁戊已hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly-庚辛壬葵环聚练习▪甲烷乙炔▪丙酮丁醇▪戊烷己烯▪庚醛辛烷▪2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇Lithium [‘liθiəm] n.锂Beryllium [bə’riljəm] n.铍(Be)Sodium [‘səudiəm] n.钠Potassium [pə’tæsiəm] 钾Rubidium [ru:’bidiəm] 铷Caesium [‘si:ziəm] 铯Nucleus[‘nju:kli s] 原子核，是nuclear的复数Halogen[‘hælədʒən] 卤素general chemistry 普通化学positive[‘pƆzətiv] ion 阳离子orbital electron 轨道电子effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷atomic radius 原子半径，raddi的复数ionic radius 离子半径negative ion 阴离子electron cloud 电子云Van der Waals non-bounded radius单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径metallic [mi’tælik] character[‘kæriktə] 金属特性electropositive [I’lektrəu’pɔzətiv] a.带正电的Ionization [‘aiənai’zeiʃən] energy 电离能carbon 碳 germanium[dʒə:’meiniəm] 锗tin [tin] 锡 lead [led] 铅sodium[‘səudiəm] 钠 magnesium[mæɡ’ni:zjəm] 镁silicon [‘silikən] 硅 chlorine [’klɔ:ri:n] 氯nonmetallic [‘nɔnmi’tælik]adj.n.非金属的，非金属Electronegativity 电负性Metallic oxide 金属氧化物Metallic hydroxide [hai’drɔksaid] 金属氢氧化物Hydroxyl [hai‘drɔksil] ions 氢氧根离子insoluble[in’sɔljubl] 不溶解的Ionic [ai‘ɔnik] adj. 离子的Transition element 过渡元素Basicity [bə’sisiti] n. 碱性，碱度Oxyacid [,ɔksi’æsid] 含氧酸Carbonate [‘kɑ:bəneit] 碳酸盐Nitrate [‘naitreit] 硝酸盐Sulphate [‘sʌlfeit] 硫酸盐 = sulfateAmphoteric [,æmfə’terik] adj.两性的Acid [‘æsid] n. adj.alkali [‘ælkəlai] n.adj.Hydration [hai’dreiʃən] 水合作用Hydrolyze [‘haidrəlaiz] vi. 水解Oxysalt [‘ɔksisɔ:lt] 含氧酸盐Complex 络合物，复合物句子理解1) Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, if suppliedwith energy: M M+ + e. 金属是电正性的，如果供给能量，有失去电子的趋势。
(完整版)化学专业词汇
普通化学术语中英文对照表原子atom adj.atomic 原子核nucleus 质子proton 中子neutron 电子electron(abbr. e) 离子ion [?a??n] 阳离子cation 阴离子anion 分子molecular [m ??lekj?l?] 单质element 化合物compound 纯净物pure substance/chemical substance 混合物mixture 相对原子质量relative atomic mass(abbr. Ar) 相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr. Mr) 化学式量relative formula mass 物质的量amount of substance 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant(abbr. NA) 摩尔mole 摩尔质量molar mass 实验式/ 最简式/ 经验式empirical formula 气体摩尔体积molar volume 阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro' s Law 溶液solution 溶解dissolve 浓度concentration 质量/ 体积分数mass/volume concentration 浓缩concentrate 稀释dilute 蒸馏distillation 萃取extraction 化学反应方程式chemical equation 反应物reactant 生成物product 固体solid 液体liquid 气体gaseous 溶液aqueous 配平balance 化学计量学stoichiometry酸acid碱base/alkali (refers to soluble bases) 盐salt 酸式盐acid salt 离子方程式ionic equation 结晶水water of crystallisation 水合的hydrated 无水的anhydrous 滴定titration 指示剂indicator 氧化数oxidation number 氧化还原反应redox reaction 氧化反应oxidation reaction 还原反应reduction reaction 歧化反应disproportionation reaction 归中反应comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction 氧化剂oxidising agent 还原剂reducing agent 电子层(壳) (electron) shell 电离能ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.) 第一，第二，第三等电离能first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr.1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.) 电子亲和能electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E.) 屏蔽效应electronic shielding(screening) 原子轨道atomic orbital 电子云electron cloud 电子亚层sub-shell 能层layer 能级energy level 电子排布electron configuration 电子云重叠shell overlap 洪特规则Hund' s rule 泡利原理Pauli exclusion principle 基态ground state 激发态excited state 跃迁transition 手性chirality [kai?-] 化学键chemical bond 键长bond length 键级bond order键角bond angle 键能bond enthalpies 离子键ionic bond 供体donor 受体acceptor 静电吸引electrostatic attraction 巨型离子结构giant ionic structure 共价键covalent[k ??'ve?l?nt] bond 巨型共价结构giant covalent structure 共用电子对shared pair/bonding pair 孤对电子lone pair/non-bonding pair σ键σ -bond π键π -bond δ键δ -bond 极性共价键polar bond 非极性共价键non-polar bond 配位键dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinat e bond 电负性electronegativity 极性polarity 偶极子dipole 分子间作用力intermolecular forces 氢键hydrogen bond 范德华力van der Waal' s force 色散力dispersion force 诱导力induction force 取向力orientation force/dipole-dipole force 金属键metallic bond 离域delocalisation[di:,l ?uk?lai'zei?n] 延展性malleability [,m?l ??'b ?l?ti] 可锻性ductility [d ?k't?l?t?] 导电性electrical conductivity 合金alloy 元素周期表the Periodic Table 周期period 族group 原子序数proton number 同位素isotope[?a?s?t?? p] 核素nuclide ['nju?kla?d] 同量异位素isobar['a?s?(?)bɑ?] 金属metal 非金属nonmetal碱金属alkali metal 碱土金属alkaline earth metal 卤素halogen 稀有气体noble gas 元素周期律periodic trends 活泼active 稳定noble 分解反应decomposition reaction 化合反应combination(synthesis) reaction 取代反应displacement reaction 复分解反应salt metathesis[m ??t? θs?is] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction 沉淀precipitation [pr ?,s?p?'te ?(??)n] 官能团functional group 碳氢化合物/ 烃hydrocarbon 饱和烃saturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon 脂肪烃aliphatic[,? l?'f? t?k] hydrocarbon 脂环烃alicyclic['sa?kl?k; ]hrdrocarbon 同系物homologous[h ?'m?l?g?s]series 异构现象isomerism ['ais?m?riz?m] 同分异构体isomeride [ai's ?m?raid] 同素异形体allotropy/allotropism 分子式molecular formula 通式general formula结构式displayed formula 结构简式structural formula 键线式skeletal formula 均裂homolytic fission 异裂heterolytic fission 亲核试剂nucleophile ['njukli ?fail] 亲电子试剂electrophile 加成反应addition reaction 加水加成hydration reaction 加成聚合反应addition polymerisation 聚合物polymer 单体monomer 链节repeat unit 缩合聚合反应condensation reaction 缩聚物condensation polymer 取代反应substitution reaction 脱水dehydration 水解hydrolysis卤代反应halogenation reaction 酯化反应esterification reaction 亲核取代nucleophilic substitution 消去反应elimination reaction 裂化反应cracking (reaction) 石油分馏fractional distillation 燃烧combustion 发酵fermentation 氟氯烃chlorofluorocarbons 产率percentage yield 原子利用率atom economy 红外光谱学infrared spectroscopy 质谱分析mass spectroscopy 光谱spectrum 挥发性volatility 冷凝回流reflux 反应机理reaction mechanism 能量守恒定律law of conservation of energy 热力学thermodynamic [ θ:?m?udai?-] 焓enthalpy(abbr. H) [en' θ ?lpi] 焓变enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH) 标准焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. Δ H?) 标准反应焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. Δ Hr?) 燃烧热heat of combustion 标准燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of combustion(abbr . Δ Hc?) 标准生成焓standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. Δ Hf?)放热反应exothermic[eks ?u?-] reaction 吸热反应endothermic reaction 热化学方程式thermochemical[ θ:?m?u?-] equation 活化能activation energy(abbe. Ea) 比热容specific heat capacity 键焓bond enthalpy 平均键焓average bond enthalpy 盖斯定律Hess' law 有效碰撞理论collision theory 反应速率rate ofreaction/reaction rate 反应动力学reaction kinetics 催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis 酶enzyme['enzaim] 波尔兹曼分布律the Boltzmann distribution 化学平衡(chemical) equilibrium[i:kwi? -] 可逆反应reversible reaction 动态平衡dynamic equilibrium 平衡常数chemical equilibrium constant 浓度幂concentration power 平衡移动shift of equilibrium state 吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy(abbr. Δ G) 阿累尼乌斯方程the Arrhenius[ ??ri:ni ?s] Equation 自发反应spontaneous[sp ?n?teini?s] reaction 熵entropy(abbr. Δ S) 温室效应greenhouse effect 吸附作用adsorption 绿色化学green chemistry 溶解度solubility 离子反应ionic reaction 电离ionisation 电解质electrolyte 电离平衡ionisation equilibrium 电离常数ionisation constant 离子积ion-product constant 氢离子浓度指数hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from Fr ench potentiel d'hydrog ène) 溶解平衡dissolution equilibrium [d ?s?'lu??(?)n] ekw? 溶度积solubility product 原电池galvanic(voltaic) cell [g? l'v? n?k] 盐桥salt bridge 电极electrode 正极/ 阳极anode 负极/ 阴极cathode 标准电极电势standard electrode potential(abbr. E0) 干电池dry cell 一次电池primary cell(battery) 二次电池/ 蓄电池secondary cell/storage battery 充电charge 放电discharge 燃料电池fuel cell 电解electrolysis电解池/ 电解槽electrolytic cell 电镀galvanisation [, ɡ ?lv?nai'zei??n] 电偶腐蚀/ 电化腐蚀galvanic corrosion 分子空间构型molecular geometries 杂化hybrid 轨道orbital 晶格lattice 晶体crystal 晶胞crystal structure 堆积作用sedimentation [,sed ?m?n'te ??n?] 常见元素氢hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidr ?d??n] 氦helium(abbr. He) ['hi:li ?m] 锂lithium(abbr. Li) ['li θmi?] 硼boron(abbr. B) ['b ?:r ?n] 碳carbon(abbr. C) ['k ɑ:b?n] 氮nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitr ?d??n] 氧oxygen(abbr. O) ['?ksid??n] 氟fluorine(abbr. F) ['flu ?ri:n] 氖neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni: ?n] 钠sodium(abbr. Na) ['s?udi?m] 镁magnesium(abbr. Mg) 铝aluminum(abbr. Al) [,? l ??mini ?m] 硅silicon(abbr. Si) ['silik ?n] 磷phosphorus(abbr. P) ['f ?sf?r ?s] 硫sulfur(abbr. S) ['s ?lf ?] 氯chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['kl ?:ri:n] 氩argon(abbr. Ar) [' ɑ: ɡ?n] 钾potassium(abbr. K) [p ??t? si?m] 钙calcium(abbr. Ca) [?k?lsi? m] 钛titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teini ?m] 铬chromium(abbr.Cr) ['kr ?umj ?m] 锰manganese(abbr. Mn)[?m?? ɡ?ni:z] 铁iron(abbr. Fe) ['a ??n] 钴cobalt(abbr. Co) [k ?u'b ?:lt] 镍nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nik ?l] 铜copper(abbr. Cu) ['k ?p?] 锌zinc(abbr. Zn) [zi?k] 砷arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:s?nik] 溴bromine(abbr. Br) ['br ?umi:n] 银silver(abbr. Ag) ['silv ?] 锡tin(abbr. Sn) [tin] 碘iodine(abbr. I)氙xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zen?n] 钡barium(abbr. Ba) ['be ?ri ?m] 钨tungsten(abbr. W) [t ??st?n] 铂platinum(abbr. Pt) ['pl? tin ?m] 金gold(abbr. Au) [ ɡ?uld] 汞mercury(abbr. Hg) ['m ?:kjuri] 铅lead(abbr. Pb) [led] 常见单质氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石diamond ['dai ?m?nd] 石墨graphite ['gr? fait] 臭氧ozone ['?uz?un] 红磷red phosphorus 白磷white phosphorus常见根离子(common radicals) 氢化的hydride ['haidraid] 硼酸boric (acid) adj.borate ['b ??ret?] 碳化的carbide ['ka:baid] 碳酸carbonic [kɑ?'b?n?k (]acid) adj. carbonate 碳酸氢根bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate 氮化的nitride ['naitraid] 叠氮化的azide ['? zaid] 硝酸nitric (acid) adj.nitrate 亚硝酸nitrous ['na ?tr?s] (acid) adj.nitrite 氧化的oxide [' ?ksaid] 二氧化的dioxide [dai-'] 三氧化的trioxide [tra ?'?ksa?d] 过氧根peroxy (radical) adj.peroxide [p ?'?ksaid] 超氧化的superoxide [sjup ?'?ksaid] 氢氧根hydroxyl[hai'dr ?ksil] (radical) adj. hydroxide 水合氢离子hydronium 氟化的fluoride 偏铝酸meta-aluminic[met ?'? ljuminik] (acid) adj. meta-aluminate[ ?'lju?m?ne?t] 四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'dr ?ksil-'] (acid) 硅酸silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate 磷酸phosphoric (acid)adj.phosphate 磷酸二氢根dihydrogen phosphate 磷酸氢根hydrogen phosphate 硫化的sulfide 硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide 硫酸sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate 硫酸氢根bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate 亚硫酸sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite 亚硫酸氢根bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite 硫代硫酸根thiosulphate [ θ aiu?-'] 焦硫酸根persulphate [p ?:-'] 氯化的chloride ['kl ?raid] 氢氯酸/ 盐酸hydrochloric (acid) 高氯酸perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorate 氯酸chloric (acid) adj.chlorate 亚氯酸chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite 次氯酸hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypochlorite 溴化的bromide 氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的iodide ['ai ?daid] 氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的halide 铵根ammonium[ ??m ?uni ?m] 高锰酸根permanganate 锰酸根manganate 氰根cyanide ['sainaid] 硫氰根thiocyanate [ θ ai?u?sani?eit] 铬酸根chromate 重铬酸根dichromate常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds) 氢化钠sodium hydride 氨ammonia/azane[ ?-?] 硅烷silane [?si-] 磷化氢phosphine 硫化氢hydrogen sulphide 氮化镁magnesium nitride 四氧化三铁iron(II,III) oxide 二氟化氧oxygen difluoride 氯化氢hydrogen chloride 氯化亚铁iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride 氯化铁iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride 氯化亚锡tin(II)chloride/stannous chloride 四羟基合铝酸钠sodium aluminate 磷酸二氢钠monosodium phosphate 磷酸氢二钠disodium phosphate 氯化铵ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/ 硫氢酸钠sodium hydrosulphide系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一mono-二di-三tri-四tetra-五penta-六hexa-七hepta-八octa-九nona- 十deca- 烷烃alkane (preffixalkyl-,suffix -ane)甲meth-乙eth-丙prop-丁but-戊pent-己hex-庚hept-辛oct-壬non-癸dec-十一undec- 十二dodec- 十三tridec- 十四tetradec- 十五pentadec- 十六hexadec- 十七heptadec- 十八octadec- 十九nonadec- 二十eicos- 三十triacont- 四十tetracont- 五十prntacont- 正构型normal-(n-) 异构型iso-(i-) 新构型neo-(n-) 聚poly- 烷基alkyl 甲基methyl(abbr. Me) 乙基ethyl(abbr. Et) 丙基propyl(abbr. Pr) 环烷烃cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane) 烯烃alkene (preffixalkenyl-,suffix -ene) 二烯烃allene (suffix -adiene) 环烯烃cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene) 炔烃alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne) 顺式异构preffix cis-(Z-) 反式异构preffix trans-(E-) 苯基phenyl(abbr. Ph) (preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene) 苄基benzyl(abbr. Bn) (preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene) 醇alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol) 带卤素的化合物halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.) 酮ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one) 醛aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde) 羧酸carboxylic[ka:b ?k'silik] (acid) adj. carboxylate (suffix -oic acid) 羧基carboxyl (preffixcarboxyl-,suffix -oic acid or multiple groups suffix -di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid) 乙酸根carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac) 醚ether (suffix -ane and -oxy) 脂ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-, suffix -oic acid/-oate) 胺和酰胺amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or accordi ng to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- and amido-,suff ix –amide and -carboxamide or according to p osition of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) 氨基amino 酰胺基amido磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho -,suffix -sulphonic acid)腈nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile) 酚phenol/carbolic acid常见有机化合物(common organic compounds) 酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph)[fin ?lf' θ eili:n] 石蕊litmus 溴酚蓝bromopheno blue 百里酚蓝thymol blue 甲基橙methyl orange 龙胆紫gentian violet 氯仿chloroform 异戊二烯isoprene 月桂烯myrcene [mair'si:n] 聚乙烯polythene 聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC) 聚丙烯polypropylene 聚四氟乙烯/ 特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF) 晴纶orlon 二甲醚methoxymethane 苯酚phenol 乙酸乙酯methyl propanoate 甲酸/蚁酸methanoic acid/formic acid 乙酸/醋酸ethanoic acid/acetic acid 乙二酸/ 草酸oxalic acid adj.oxalate 丙酸/初油酸propanoic acid/propionic acid 丁酸/酪酸butanoic acid/butyric acid 软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid 硬脂酸octadecanoic acid/stearic acid 硬脂酸钠sodium stearate 柠檬酸citric acid 柠檬酸钠sodium citrate 乳酸lactic acid 乳酸钠sodium lactate 葡萄糖酸gluconic acid adj.gluconate 氨基酸amino acid 葡萄糖glucose 果糖fructose半乳糖galactose 核糖ribose 脱氧核糖desoxyribose 核糖核酸rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA) 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA) 麦芽糖maltose 蔗糖sucrose 磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj. sulphonate (preffixsulpho-,suffix -sulphonic a cid) 腈nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile) 酚phe nol/carbolic acid 常见有机化合物(common organic compounds) 酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [fin ?lf' θ ei li:n] 石蕊litmus 溴酚蓝bromopheno blue 百里酚蓝thymol blue 甲基橙methyl orange 龙胆紫gentian violet 氯仿chloroform 异戊二烯isoprene 月桂烯myrcene [mair'si:n] 聚乙烯polythene 聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC) 聚丙烯polypropylene 聚四氟乙烯/ 特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF) 晴纶orlon 二甲醚methoxymethane 苯酚phenol乙酸乙酯methyl propanoate 甲酸/ 蚁酸methanoic acid/formic acid 乙酸/ 醋酸ethanoic acid/acetic acid 乙二酸/ 草酸oxalic acidadj.oxalate 丙酸/ 初油酸propanoicacid/propionic acid 丁酸/ 酪酸butanoicacid/butyric acid 软脂酸/ 棕榈酸柠檬酸citric acid 柠檬酸钠sodium citrate 乳酸lactic acid 乳酸钠sodium lactate 葡萄糖酸gluconic acid adj.gluconate 氨基酸amino acid 葡萄糖glucose 果糖fructose 半乳糖galactose 核糖ribose 脱氧核糖desoxyribose 核糖核酸rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA) 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA) 麦芽糖maltose 蔗糖sucrose 曲颈瓶retort [ri'-] 表面皿watch glass 石棉网asbestos[? s'best?s] gauze 玻璃棒glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod 铁架台iron stand 滴定管burette/buret 泥三角pipeclay triangle 启普发生器Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator 酒精喷灯alcohol blast burner 坩埚钳tong 坩埚pot 索氏提取器Soxhlet extractor 冷凝管cold finger 称量瓶weighing bottlehexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid 硬脂酸octadecanoic acid/stearic acid 硬脂酸钠sodium stearate。
化学 专业英语
化学专业英语化学专业英语是化学专业学生需要掌握的一门重要语言技能。
以下是一些常见的化学专业英语词汇和表达方式：Acid 酸Base 碱Neutral 中性Chemical Bond 化学键Element 元素Compound 化合物Mixture 混合物Ion 离子Covalent Bond 共价键Polar Bond 极性键Nonpolar Bond 非极性键Radical 基团Molecule 分子Atom 原子Isomer 同分异构体Reaction Equation 反应方程式Chemical Equation 化学方程式Chemical Name 化学名称Formula 分子式Structure 结构pH 值Solubility 溶解度Extraction 萃取Crystallization 结晶Dissolution 溶解Evaporation 蒸发Condensation 冷凝Sublimation 升华Distillation 蒸馏Filtration 过滤Precipitation 沉淀Chromatography 色谱法Spectroscopy 光谱法Gas Chromatography 气相色谱法Liquid Chromatography 液相色谱法Mass Spectrometry 质谱法Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 核磁共振波谱法UV-Vis Spectroscopy 紫外-可见光谱法IR Spectroscopy 红外光谱法Titration 滴定法Gravimetric Analysis 重力分析法Thermal Analysis 热分析法X-ray Diffraction X射线衍射法。
(完整版)化学类专业英语词汇
专业英语词汇Unit 1 TEXT A：Chemical Reactions and Group Reactions customary a. 通常的，惯例的handle n.柄vt.触摸handling n.处理，管理derive vt.取得，得到，衍生oxidate vt.使氧化oxidation n.satisfactory a.令人满意的，符合要求的rapid a.快的，迅速的，动作快的combustion n.燃烧somewhat pron. ad. 一点点，几分，有点effort n.努力commercial a.商业的，商务的undesirable a.不合需要的，不受欢迎的，讨厌的retard vt.延迟，放慢，使停滞transformer n.变压器transform vt.改变，转变automotive a.自动的，机动的，汽车的cracked 裂化的sluge n.软泥，淤泥stiff a.硬的，强烈的extent 广度，程度distillation n.蒸馏distill vt.vi.unrefined a.未精致，未提炼的acidity n.酸味，酸性acidify vt. Vi.Involve vt.包缠，卷缠Fell=followingIndividual a.个人的，个体的Presumable a.可假定的，可推测的Destruction n.破坏，毁灭Overall n。
a.全面的，综合的Exceed 超过，胜过Isolate vt.隔离，孤立，使离析iso—构词成分“均匀”“异构”“苯”Analyse vt. 分析，分解Carbonyl 羰基Carboxyl 羧基Hydroxyl 羟基Decomposition 分解Alkyl 烷基，烃基Aldehyde n.醛Yield vt. 出产，产出Explosive a. 爆炸Vapor n.蒸汽，vi.蒸发Propagation 繁殖，增殖；传播Dehydrate vt.使脱水Acet 构词成分Acetaldehyde 乙醛Resin n.树脂Resinous a.树脂的Carboxylic a.羟基的Substantial a.物质的，实质的Susceptible a.易受感动的，敏感的Analogous a.类似的，相似的（to）Response n.作答，回答，响应，反应Readily ad.乐意地，很快地Readiness n.准备就绪，愿意Extent n.广度长度Steric 空间的，位的Likewise ad.同样的，照样地；也，又Suffer vt.遭受，经历Progressive a.进步的，长进的，渐次的Adjacent a.邻近的，紧挨着的Terminal a.末端的，终点的MethyleneBromide n.溴化物Substitute n.代替物（人），代用品substitution n.代替，替换Remote a.相隔较远的Acetone n.丙酮Ether n.醚，乙醚Correspond vi.符合，一致；相当，相应Reservation n.保留，预定Tend vi.走向，趋向。
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methylamine
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2.2 科技英语的构词
2.2.1 科技英语（SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH）的特点
专业英语词汇特点：专业术语多，合成新词多，前后缀出现频率 高，缩略词经常出现，非限定动词（尤其是分词）使用频繁，词 义单一。 专业英语语法特点：常用形式主语和形式宾语、名词结构和被动 语态使用频繁，复杂长句多，复合句多，每句包含的信息量大。 专业英语的修辞特点：时态运用有限，修辞手法简单，逻辑语法 使用普遍。
2.2.2 科技英语词汇的特点及构词法
化学专业术语构词法： 转化词、复合词、派生词、混生词、缩略词等
化学专业术语构词
1）转化词
n→v： water 水→浇水 yield 产率→生成 a→v： dry 干的→烘干 charge 电荷→充电
2）复合词
又称合成词，是由两个或两个以上的旧词合成一个 新词。
化学专业术语构词
3）派生词derivation
派生词是指利用词的前缀与后缀作为词素构成新词。 派生词的前缀一般要有固定的意义。
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mono-（单） monocrystal / monophase / monoatomic di-（双） dipole / carbon dioxide bi-（双） bicycle / biphase / binary compounds poly-（聚） polymer / polyethylene / polyatomic micro-（微） microcomputer / micrometer / microfiltration semi-（半） semiconductor / semiabstract / semi-official anti- （抗，反）antisymmetric / antistatic
The vertical columns are called groups and are labeled from 1 to 18. Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties.
The first 18 elements you have to remember
子名称+hydrogen(hydroxide)+非氧元素词干+ate （后缀）
氢原子（氢氧根）的个数用前缀表示
分子化合物的命名
命名原则：正价元素名称+负价元素名称词干
+ide（后缀） 分子中各元素原子的个数用数字前缀表示
(tetra-,mono-后缀中的a,o在后一o之前省去)
水合物的命名
日常英语与科技英语
Ordinary English 通俗化：常用词汇用得多 多义性：一词多义，使用范围广 人称化：人称丰富，形式多样 多时性：描述生活，时态多样 主动性：句子倾向于用主动态 简单性：单句、散句用的多 口语化：口语用得多，随意灵活 Scientific English 专业化：专业术语用得多 单义性：词义相对单一，因专业而不同 物称化：多用物称，以示客观 现时性：叙述事实多用现在时 被动性：句子倾向于用被动 复杂性：复杂单句用得多，复合句用 书面化：长句用得多，书卷气浓
2.1 化学专业词汇基础知识
PERIODIC TABLE
Dmitri Mendeleev
Atomic Number ● Symbol ● Atomic Weight Element ● Compound ● Mixture
The horizontal rows are called periods and are labeled from 1 to 7.
HClO4 （ 高氯酸 ） HClO3 （氯酸） HClO2 （亚氯酸） HClO （次氯酸） chloric acid chlorous acid perchloric acid hypochlorous acid
非含 氧 酸 的 命 名
hydro（前缀）+阴离子名称的词干+ -ic（后缀）+ acid
• GER-MA-NI-UM (Ge)
• AR-SE-NIC (As) • SE-LE-NI-UM (Se) • BRO-MINE (Br) • KRYP-TON (Kr)
2.1.1 无机物命名
酸的命名
酸的命名分为两类: 即含氧酸的命名和非含氧 酸的命名
含氧酸的命名
高某酸 per（前缀） -ic（后缀）+ acid 正酸 -ic（后缀）+ acid 亚酸 -ous（后缀）+ acid 次酸 hypo（前缀） -ous（后缀）+ acid
PO-TAS-SI-UM (K) CAL-CI-UM (Ca) SCAN-DI-UM (Sc) TI-TA-NI-UM (Ti) VA-NA-DI-UM (V) CHRO-MI-UM (Cr) MAN-GA-NESE (Mn) IRON (Fe) CO-BALT (Co) NICK-EL (Ni)
• COP-PER (Cu) • ZINC (Zn) • GAL-LI-UM (Ga)
NE-ON (Ne) SO-DI-UM (Na) MAG-NE-SI-UM (Mg) A-LU-MI-NUM (Al) SIL-I-CON (Si) PHOS-PHO-RUS (P) SUL-FUR (S) CHLO-RINE (Cl) AR-GON (Ar)
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2.2.2 有机物的命名
2.2.2.1 烃类命名
脂肪烃的命名：碳原子个数的数字头＋烃类后 缀
= Number prefix-ane）
10个碳原子以上的则在数词前加前缀un、do、tri、 tetra、penta等。
丙烷 propane 己烷 hexane 壬烷 nonane 十二烷
环己烷 环己二烯 cyclohexane cyclohexadiene
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2.2.2.2 其他有机物命名
醇／酚: 相应烃去“-e”加“-ol”,methanol 醚：“ether”，ethyl ether 醛：相应烃去“-e”加“-al”, methanal 酮：相应烃去“-e”加“-one”, propanone
命名原则：非水化合物名称+结晶水数字前缀
+hydrate
练习
H2SO4 HCl HNO3 HNO2 HCN Na2S CuSO4 Fe(NO3)3 HClO4 KCN NH4Cl
sulfuric acid hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid nitric acid nitrous acid hydrogen cyanide or hydrocyanic acid sodium sulfide copper (II) sulfate or cupric sulfate iron (III) nitrate or ferric nitrate perchloric acid potassium cyanide ammonium chloride
常见化学专业术语中名词+名词构成的复合词结构
例如： coordination compound （配位化合物）， electron affinity（电子亲和势），ionization energy（电离能），acid ionization constant （酸离解常数），the solubility product constant（溶度积常数）。
前缀STEREO-在构词法中的应用
在专业英语中stereo- 表示立体、空间的意思。 例如： stereoisomer （ 立 体 异 构 体 ） ， stereoisomerism （ 立 体 异 构）， stereopolymerization （立体聚合）， stereoregular polymer （ 立 体 定 向 聚 合 物 ） ， stereoselective reaction （立体选择反应）， stereoselectivity （立体选择性）， stereospecific catalyst （ 立 体 定 向 催 化 剂 ） ， stereospecificpolymer （ 立 体 定 向 聚 合 物 ） ， stereospecific synthesis （ 立 体 定 向 合 成 ） ， stereospecificity （立体特异性）， stereostructure （立体 结 构 ） ， stereochemical formula （ 立 体 化 学 式 ） ， stereochemistry（立体化学），stereocopolymer（立体共 聚物），stereoeffect（立体效应）。
第二章、化学专业英语词汇
本章内容概要
只有学习和掌握化学专业英语词汇规律和表达方式， 并在实践中加以应用，才能对规范化撰写英文资料 起到积极的作用。
本章重点分析化学专业英语词汇的构词方式，掌握 其构词的规律性，更好地理解专业词汇在化学中的 应用，并探讨专业词汇是如何用来描述化合物的结 构、性质和反应，以及词汇间的习惯搭配、常用句 型中的应用和词汇词性转变等相关问题。
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常见配体的名称
ions CNOHCH3COOcyano hydroxo acetato molecules H2O NH3 CO aqua ammine carbonyl