2K10PT1102-015
RIGOL QGB10000-1110 电源线保证和声明说明书

保证和声明版权©2018苏州普源精电科技有限公司商标信息RIGOL是苏州普源精电科技有限公司的注册商标。
文档编号QGB10000-1110声明●本公司产品受中国及其它国家和地区的专利(包括已取得的和正在申请的专利)保护。
●本公司保留改变规格及价格的权利。
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产品认证RIGOL认证本产品符合中国国家产品标准和行业产品标准及ISO9001:2015标准和ISO14001:2015标准,并进一步认证本产品符合其它国际标准组织成员的相关标准。
联系我们如您在使用此产品或本手册的过程中有任何问题或需求,可与RIGOL联系:电子邮箱:*****************网址:一般安全概要1.请使用所在国家认可的本产品专用电源线。
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TH2515 仪器说明书

Ver 2.1目录Ver 2.0 (2)第1章仪器简介与开箱安装 (8)1.1仪器简介 (8)1.2开箱检查 (8)1.3电源连接 (8)1.4保险丝 (8)1.5环境 (8)1.6使用测试夹具 (9)1.7预热 (9)1.8仪器的其它特性 (9)第2章前面板说明及入门操作 (10)2.1前面板说明 (10)2.2后面板说明 (11)2.3显示区域的定义 (12)2.4按键及其相应的显示页面 (13)2.4.1测量主菜单按键【DISP】 (13)2.4.2系统设置主菜单按键【SETUP】 (13)2.5基本操作 (13)2.6开机 (14)第3章基本操作 (15)3.1<测量显示>页面 (15)3.1.1测试功能 (15)3.1.2测试量程 (16)3.1.3测试速度 (17)3.1.4文件管理 (17)3.1.5其他工具 (17)3.2<比较显示>页面 (18)3.2.1文件管理 (19)3.2.2工具 (19)3.2.3比较 (19)3.2.4比较模式和上下限、百分比误差设置 (19)3.3<档显示>页面 (19)3.4<统计显示>页面 (21)3.4.1边界模式和其相应值的设定 (21)3.4.2统计状态 (21)3.4.3统计分析参数说明 (21)3.4.4工具 (22)3.4.5文件 (22)3.5<测量设置>页面 (22)3.6<TC/Δt设置>页面 (24)3.6.1温度校正(Temperature Correction 简称TC) (25)3.6.2温度转换(temperature conversion 简称t ) (25)3.6.3温度传感器的类型 (26)3.6.4参数设定 (27)3.6.5文件 (27)3.7<档设置>页面 (27)3.7.1文件 (29)3.7.2工具 (29)第4章系统设置和文件管理 (30)4.1系统设置 (30)4.1.1触摸音 (30)4.1.2语言 (30)4.1.3口令 (31)4.1.4总线模式 (31)4.1.5波特率 (32)4.1.6总线地址 (32)4.1.7EOC信号 (32)4.1.8Err.OUT信号 (33)4.1.9电源频率 (34)4.1.10时间和日期设定 (34)4.2<文件管理>功能页面 (34)4.2.1存储/调用功能简介 (34)4.2.2U盘上的文件夹/文件结构 (35)4.2.3DHCP (39)4.2.4IP地址 (40)4.2.5子网掩码 (40)4.2.6网关 (40)4.2.7首选DNS、备用DNS (40)第5章性能指标 (41)5.1测量功能 (41)5.1.1测量参数及符号 (41)5.1.2测量组合 (41)5.1.3等效方式 (41)5.1.4量程 (41)5.1.5触发 (41)5.1.6测试端方式 (41)5.1.7测量中的各种时间的开销 (41)5.1.8平均 (42)5.1.9显示的位数 (42)5.2测试信号 (42)5.2.1量程电流 (42)5.2.2开路输出电压 (42)5.2.3测量显示最大范围 (42)5.3测量准确度 (43)5.3.2温度测量的准确度(Pt500) (44)5.3.3温度测量的准确度(模拟输入) (45)5.3.4温度修正系数K (45)第6章远程控制 (46)6.1RS232C接口说明 (46)6.2GPIB接口说明(选购件) (47)6.2.1GPIB接口功能 (49)6.2.2GPIB 地址 (49)6.2.3GPIB总线功能 (49)6.2.4可编程仪器命令标准(SCPI) (50)6.3LAN远程控制系统 (50)6.3.1通过浏览器访问TH2515 (52)6.3.2通过上位机软件访问TH2515 (52)6.4USBTMC远程控制系统 (53)6.4.1系统配置 (53)6.4.2安装驱动 (53)6.5USBVCOM虚拟串口 (54)6.5.1系统配置 (54)6.5.2安装驱动 (54)第7章RS232命令参考 (55)7.1SCPI系统命令 (55)7.1.1DISPlay子系统命令集 (55)7.1.2FUNCtion 子系统命令集 (56)7.1.3APERture子系统命令集 (61)7.1.4TRIGer子系统命令集 (61)7.1.5FETCh?子系统命令集 (63)7.1.6TEMPerature子系统命令集 (64)7.1.7COMParator子系统命令集 (66)7.1.8BIN子系统命令集 (69)7.1.9STA Tistics子系统命令集 (73)7.1.10IO子系统命令集 (76)7.1.11MEMory子系统命令集 (77)7.1.12SYSTem 子系统命令集 (78)7.1.13SCPI公用命令 (81)7.2MODBUS系统命令 (83)7.2.1MODBUS协议说明 (84)7.2.2公用指令操作说明 (85)7.2.3DISP指令操作说明 (86)7.2.4FUNC指令操作说明 (86)7.2.5APER指令操作说明 (87)7.2.6TRIG指令操作说明 (87)7.2.7FETC指令操作说明 (88)7.2.8TEMP指令操作说明 (88)7.2.10BIN指令操作说明 (90)7.2.11STA T指令操作说明 (93)7.2.12IO指令操作说明 (94)7.2.13SYST指令操作说明 (94)第8章Handler接口使用说明及程序升级方法 (99)第9章包装及保修 (103)9.1标志 (103)9.2包装 (103)9.3运输 (103)9.4贮存 (103)9.5保修 (103)本说明书所描述的可能并非仪器所有内容,同惠公司有权对本产品的性能、功能、内部结构、外观、附件、包装物等进行改进和提高而不作另行说明!由此引起的说明书与仪器不一致的困惑,可通过封面的地址与我公司进行联系。
2KV-102M规格书

常州华都电子科技有限公司产品承认书品名: CT81型瓷介固定电容器(≥1KV)客户:1、适用范围本承认图适用于在电子设备中作为高压旁路或耦合电路中使用的CT81型高压瓷介电容器(≥1KV)。
2、形状及名称:例:CT81 04 b Y5V 102 M 2KV BA B C D E F G HA:表示CT81型B:表示产品尺寸 04 表示产品直径最大4.0mmC: 表示引线型式 b表示直引线;a表示内弯; d 表示外弯D:表示温度特性 Y5V 表示温度特性为+30-80%;Y5P:±10%; Y5U:+22-56%E:表示标称容量 102表示容量为1000PfF:表示容量公差 K:±10%;M:±20%;Z表示公差为+80-20%;G:表示额定电压 2000VH:表示产品形式 B表示散件;T表示编带3、使用温度范围: -25℃~85℃4、试验用标准大气条件:温度: 15~35℃相对湿度: 45%~75%气压: 86~106KPa仲裁条件:温度: 20±1℃相对湿度: 63%~67%气压: 86~106Kpa5、包封:环氧包封6、性能: 电容器性能满足表1规定表17、标志及外形尺寸(单位:mm)额定电压:额定电压2000V的电容器在标称电容量下用2KV表示。
8、包装8.1包装形式:散件8.2包装数量:1000只/每袋8.3电容器包装在塑料袋中,每袋只能装同一品种规格的电容器,包装上有检验部门盖章的合格证,合格证上应有制造批号、电容器类型、尺寸、引线型式、温度系数、标称容量及公差、额定电压及包装形式等内容。
N种UL线材详细规格

UL1007 16#-30#详细参数说明1.PVC绝缘电子线2.导体:30AWG-2000kcmil(10AWG=10kcmil)线外径0.16MM 3.绝缘体:PVC制,厚度如下表规格 平均最小厚度任一点最小厚度30AWG-16AWG 0.76mm 0.68mm8-7AWG 1.15mm 1.02mm6-2AWG 1.52mm 1.37mm4.额定值:80℃,300V5.燃烧测试:可通过UL VW-1及CSA FT1垂直燃烧测试。
6.材料:裸铜或镀锡铜制(多线)7.长度:可根据用户要求订造8.技术标准:300V 10A9.传送性能:满足于155MHZ要求1 0.常温下导体电阻见下表(Solid)20 1/0.8130.38 1.6511.818 1/1.0240.38 1.82 6.9116 1/1.290.38 2.1 4.35过镀锡,柔软抗老化,耐热,耐油及防潮霉性能好。
1 2.用途:适用于各种电源设备UPS不间断电源、逆变器、INVERTER、车载电源、音响、医序器、通信机柜、流水线、输送机、发电机、汽油机、小型发电机、灯具等电器设备。
产品为现代国际通用的交,直流连接系列,为汽车电源,电脑微机,电子产品,家用电器,电动工具等系列整机配套。
绝缘厚度完成外径25℃导体电阻InsulationThicknessOverall Diameter Conductor 线号 线数/线径Resistance at 25℃AWG No./mmmmmm Ohm/km 绞线26 7/0.160.762.0545.2UL-101524 11/0.160.762.228.4CSA T1(TR-64)22 17/0.160.762.3517.9(Stranded )20 21/0.1780.762.5511.118 34/0.1780.762.757.0416 26/0.2540.763.14.4414 41/0.2540.763.45 2.7712 65/0.2540.763.9 1.7410105/0.2540.764.7 1.1先绞后镀22 7/0.2540.762.3517.9UL-101520 7/0.3100.762.5511.1CSA T1(TR-64)18 7/0.3900.76 2.757.04(Top-Coated )单条26 1/0.4050.76247.8UL-101524 1/0.5110.76 2.132.1CSA T1(TR-64)22 1/0.6430.76 2.220.24.额定值:80℃,90℃,105℃;600V ac ,750V dc5.燃烧测试:可通过水平燃烧测试。
标准矩形波导管数据

标 准 型 号 中国-国家 标准 BJ3 BJ4 BJ5 BJ6 BJ8 BJ9 BJ12 BJ14 BJ18 BJ22 BJ26 BJ32 BJ40 BJ48 BJ58 BJ70 BJ84 BJ100 BJ120 BJ140 BJ180 BJ220 BJ260 BJ320 BJ400 BJ500 BJ620 BJ740 BJ900 BJ1200 BJ1400 EIA-国际 标准 WR-2300 WR-2100 WR-1800 WR-1500 WR-1150 WR-975 WR-770 WR-650 WR-510 WR-430 WR-340 WR-284 WR-229 WR-187 WR-159 WR-137 WR-112 WR-90 WR-75 WR-62 WR-51 WR-42 WR-34 WR-28 WR-22 WR-19 WR-15 WR-12 WR-10 WR-8 WR-7 英国-国家 标准 无 无 WG1 WG2 WG3 WG4 WG5 WG6 WG7 WG8 WG9A WG10 WG11A WG12 WG13 WG14 WG15 WG16 WG17 WG18 WG19 WG20 WG21 WG22 WG23 WG24 WG25 WG26 WG27 WG28 WG29 153-IEC 标准 R3 R4 R5 R6 R8 R9 R12 R14 R18 R22 R26 R32 R40 R48 R58 R70 R84 R100 R120 R140 R180 R220 R260 R320 R400 R500 R620 R740 R900 R1200 R1400
三星电容规格书

■INTRODUCTIONMLCC(Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor)is SMD(Surface Mounted Device)type capacitor that is used in wide ranges of capacitance.MLCC is paid more attentions than other capacitors due to the better frequency characteristics,higher reliability,higher withstanding voltage and so on.MLCC is made of many layers of ceramic and inner electrodes like sandwich.Pd was used for inner electrodes.But the price of Pd was skyrocketed and Pd was replaced by the BME(Base Metal Electrode),which reduced the total cost of MLCC.This inner electrode is connected to outer termination for surface mounting,which is composed of three layers,Cu or Ag layer,Ni plating layer,and SnPb or Sn plating layer.Most of MLCCs become Pb free by the environmental issue at present.MLCC is divided into two classes.Class I(C0G,etc)is the temperature compensating type.It hasa small TCC(Temperature Coefficient of Capacitance)and a better frequency performance.Therefore,it is used in RF applications such as cellular phone,tuner,and so on.Class II(X7R, X5R,Y5V,etc)is the high dielectric constant type,which is used in general electronic circuit.Especially high capacitance MLCC is replacing other capacitors(Tantalum and Aluminum capacitor)due to the low ESR(Equivalent Series Resistance)value.■FEATURE AND APPLICATION●Feature-Miniature Size-Wide Capacitance and Voltage Range-Highly Reliable Performance-Tape&Reel for Surface Mount Assembly-Low ESR-High Q at High Frequencies-Stable Temperature Dependence of Capacitance●Application-High Frequency Circuit(Tuner,VCO,PAM etc)-General Power Supply Circuit(SMPS etc)-DC-DC Converter-General Electronic Circuit■STRUCTURE■APPEARANCE AND DIMENSIONDIMENSION(mm)CODE EIA CODEL W T(MAX)BW 0302010.6±0.030.3±0.030.3±0.030.15±0.05050402 1.0±0.050.5±0.050.5±0.050.2+0.15/-0.1 100603 1.6±0.10.8±0.10.8±0.10.3±0.2210805 2.0±0.1 1.25±0.1 1.25±0.10.5+0.2/-0.3 311206 3.2±0.2 1.6±0.2 1.6±0.20.5+0.2/-0.3 321210 3.2±0.3 2.5±0.2 2.5±0.20.6±0.3431812 4.5±0.4 3.2±0.3 3.2±0.30.8±0.3552220 5.7±0.4 5.0±0.4 3.2±0.3 1.0±0.3■PREVIOUS PART NUMBERINGSymbol EIA Code TemperatureCoefficient(PPM/℃)※TemperatureCharacteristicsOperationTemperature RangeC C0G(CH)0±30C Δ-55~+125℃P P2H -150±60P ΔR R2H -220±60R ΔS S2H -330±60S ΔT T2H -470±60T ΔU U2J -750±120U ΔLS2L+350~-1000SL▶CLASS Ⅰ(Temperature Compensation)TemperatureCharacteristicsbelow 2.0pF 2.2~3.9pF above 4.0pFabove 10pFC ΔC0G C0G C0G C0G P Δ-P2J P2H P2H R Δ-R2J R2H R2H S Δ-S2J S2HS2H T Δ-T2J T2H T2H U Δ-U2JU2JU2JSymbol EIA Code Capacitance Change(ΔC :%)OperationTemperature RangeA X5R ±15-55~+85℃B X7R ±15-55~+125℃FY5V+22~-82-30~+85℃▶CLASS Ⅱ(High Dielectric Constant)SAMSUNG Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Type(Size)Capacitance Temperature Characteristics Nominal Capacitance Capacitance Tolerance Rated Voltage Thickness Option Packaging Type CAPACITANCE TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS ※Temperature Characteristics ☞K :±250PPM/℃J :±120PPM/℃H :±60PPM/℃G :±30PPM/℃●●●●●●●●●Temperature CharacteristicsSymbol Tolerance Applicable Capacitance &RangeC0G(NPO)or T.C SeriesB ±0.1pF 0.5~3pF C±0.25pF 0.5~10pF D ±0.5pF F ±1pF 6~10pFG ±2%E-24Series for over 10pF J ±5%K±10%A(X5R)B(X7R)J ±5%E-12SeriesK ±10%M ±20%F(Y5V)Z-20%~+80%E-6Series CAPACITANCE TOLERANCE The nominal capacitance value is expressed in pico-Farad(pF)and identified by three-digit number,first two digits represent significant figures and last digit specifies the number of zeros to follow.For values below 1pF,the letter "R"is used as the decimal point and the last digit becomes significant.example)100:10×10o =10pF 102:10×102=1000pF020:2×10o =2pF1R5:1.5pFNOMINAL CAPACITANCE ●●※Please consult us for special tolerances.RATED VOLTAGE ●PACKAGING TYPE THICKNESS OPTION Symbol Description of the CodeN Standard thickness (please refer to standard thickness table on next page)A Thinner than standard thickness B Thicker than standard thicknessC Standard Thickness High Q (Low `D.F `)D Sn-100%(High-Q)ESn-100%(General)※Please Consult us for other termination type.●●Series Capacitance StepE-3 1.02.24.7E-6 1.01.52.23.34.76.8E-12 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.7 5.6 6.88.2E-241.0 1.2 1.5 1.82.2 2.73.3 3.94.75.66.88.21.11.31.62.02.43.03.64.35.16.27.59.1※Standard Capacitance is "Each step ×10n "▶STANDARD CAPACITANCE STEP■NEW PART NUMBERING●PRODUCT ABBREVIATION Symbol Product AbbreviationCLSAMSUNG Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor●SIZE(mm)Symbol Size(mm)Length Width 030.60.305 1.00.510 1.60.821 2.0 1.231 3.2 1.632 3.2 2.543 4.5 3.2555.75.0SAMSUNG Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Size(mm)Capacitance Temperature Characteristic Nominal Capacitance Capacitance Tolerance Rated Voltage Thickness Option Product &Plating Method Samsung Control Code Reserved For Future Use Packaging Type ●●●●●●●●●●●●CAPACITANCE TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICSymbol Temperature Characteristics Temperature RangeCClassⅠCOG C△0±30(ppm/℃)-55~+125℃P P2H P△-150±60R R2H R△-220±60S S2H S△-330±60T T2H T△-470±60U U2J U△-750±60L S2L S△+350~-1000AClassⅡX5R X5R±15%-55~+85℃B X7R X7R±15%-55~+125℃F Y5V Y5V+22~-82%-30~+85℃※Temperature CharacteristicTemperatureCharacteristicsBelow2.0pF 2.2~3.9pF Above4.0pF Above10pF CΔC0G C0G C0G C0GPΔ-P2J P2H P2HRΔ-R2J R2H R2HSΔ-S2J S2H S2HTΔ-T2J T2H T2HUΔ-U2J U2J U2JJ:±120PPM/℃,H:±60PPM/℃,G:±30PPM/℃●NOMINAL CAPACITANCENominal capacitance is identified by3digits.The first and second digits identify the first and second significant figures of the capacitance. The third digit identifies the multiplier.'R'identifies a decimal point.●ExampleSymbol Nominal Capacitance1R5 1.5pF10310,000pF,10nF,0.01μF104100,000pF,100nF,0.1μF●CAPACITANCE TOLERANCE Symbol Tolerance Nominal CapacitanceA ±0.05pF Less than 10pF (Including 10pF)B ±0.1pFC ±0.25pFD ±0.5pF F ±1pF F ±1%More than 10pF G ±2%J ±5%K ±10%M ±20%Z+80,-20%●RATEDVOLTAGE●THICKNESS OPTIONType Symbol Thickness(T)Spec 060330.30±0.03 100550.50±0.05 160880.80±0.102012A0.65±0.10 C0.85F 1.25±0.103216C0.85±0.15 F 1.25±0.15 H 1.6±0.203225F 1.25±0.20H 1.6I 2.0J 2.54532F 1.25±0.20H 1.6I 2.0J 2.5L 3.2±0.305750F 1.25±0.20H 1.6I 2.0J 2.5L 3.2±0.30●PRODUCT&PLATING METHODSymbol Electrode Termination Plating TypeA Pd Ag Sn_100%N Ni Cu Sn_100%G Cu Cu Sn_100%●SAMSUNG CONTROL CODE●RESERVED FOR FUTURE USESymbol Description of the codeN Reserved for future use●PACKAGING TYPE▶CAPACITANCE vs CHIP THICKNESS STANDARDDescription0603(0201)1005(0402)1608(0603)2012Type (0805)3216Type (1206)3225Type (1210)4532Type (1812)5750Type (2220)Dimension (mm)L0.6±0.03 1.0±0.05 1.6±0.1 2.0±0.13.2±0.153.2±0.2 3.2±0.34.5±0.45.7±0.4W 0.3±0.030.5±0.050.8±0.1 1.25±0.1 1.6±0.15 1.6±0.22.5±0.23.2±0.3 5.0±0.4T0.3±0.030.5~±0.050.8±0.10.65±0.10.85±0.11.25±0.10.85±0.15 1.25±0.15 1.6±0.21.25±0.2 1.6±0.22.0±0.22.5±0.21.25±0.21.6±0.22.0±0.22.5±0.21.6±0.22.0±0.22.5±0.2C A P ACIT A N CER A N G E (p F )SL 50V -0.5~2400.5~10000.5~10001100~15001600~27000.5~27003000~56006200~8200-----------C,TC (Except SL,UJ)25V 0.5~470.5~2200.5~1000--3300~82001500~36003900~68007500~10000-----100000-----50V -0.5~1800.5~10000.5~560620~10001100~33000.5~22002400~4700-560~1000011000~2200024000~47000-1000~1300015000~2200024000~4700062000~680004300093000130000C A P A C I T A N C E R A N G E (n F )A (X5R)6.3V 102202200--10000--10000---22000---47000--4700010V101001000--2200--4700~10000---22000------4700016V -47330~470--1000--4700---6800~10000-------25V --------------------50V- 6.8~10------------------B (X7R)6.3V 0.1~1047~100470~1000--1000--6800~10000---22000-------10V0.1~1033~100220~470220~270330~470560~1000-1000~330047001500~220033003900~4700----22000---16V0.1~110~33100~22068~200220~330390~1000330~6801000~15002200~33001500~220033003900~4700---2200----25V -4.7~1047~10039~6882~100150~470100~330470~620680~1000680~150018002200---1000---1000050V -0.22~4.70.22~1000.22~3947~1002201~150220390~1000 2.2~680820~1000--10~1000-----3300~4700F (Y5V)6.3V10~100-2200--10000-----47000--------10V -220~330100~1000--4700-470010000~22000---22000------10000016V -10~220100~100010~680820~10001200~22001000~22002700~4700100003300~68001000015000---22000----25V -10~3322~33010~220270~470560~1000470~10001200~22002700~33001000~33004700~10000-----10000---50V - 2.2~102.2~1002.2~6882~150180~100010~470560~1000-100~1000------10000---■PACKAGING●CARDBOARD PAPER TAPESymbol W F E P1P2P0D tABTypeD i m e n s i o n038.0±0.3 3.5±0.05 1.75±0.12.0±0.052.0±0.05 4.0±0.1Φ1.5+0.1/-00.37±0.030.38±0.030.68±0.03050.6±0.050.65+0.05/-0.1 1.15+0.05/-0.110 4.0±0.11.1MAX1.1±0.21.9±0.221 1.6±0.22.4±0.2312.0±0.23.6±0.2unit :mm●EMBOSSED PLASTIC TAPE●TAPING SIZE●REEL DIMENSIONSymbol A B CDEWtR7"Reel φ178±2.0min.φ50φ13±0.521±0.82.0±0.510±1.50.8±0.21.013"Reelφ330±2.0min.φ70unit :mmSymbol Cardboard Paper TapeEmbossed Plastic Tape7"Reel 4000200013"Reel15000-unit :pcsSize 05(0402)10(0603)21(0805)T ≤0.85mm T ≥1.0mm Quantity 50,00010,000~15,000*10,0005,000●BULK CASE PACKAGING-Bulk case packaging can reduce the stock space and transportation costs.-The bulk feeding system can increase the productivity.-It can eliminate the componentsloss.Symbol A B T C D E Dimension 6.8±0.18.8±0.112±0.1 1.5+0.1/-02+0/-0.14.7±0.1Symbol F W G H L I Dimension31.5+0.2/-036+0/-0.219±0.357±0.35110±0.75±0.35●QUANTITY*Option■CHARACTERISTIC MAP●CLASSⅠTemperature Characteristics Size VoltageCapacitance Range(㎊)SL,UJ05 (0402)50V10 (0603)50V21 (0805)50V31 (1206)50VC(COG)& TC Series03(0201)25V05(0402)25V50V10(0603)25V50V21(0805)25V50V31(1206)25V50V 32(1210)50V100V43(1812)25V50V55(2220)50V101001000100001000001000000100000001000000000.5240270082001000100010000150033004700100018022047820033001800047005604700068000100010000013000043000●CLASSⅡ,A(X5R)Temperature Characteristics Size Voltage Capacitance Range(㎊)A(X5R)0603(0201)6.3V10V1005(0402)6.3V10V16V50V1608(0603)6.3V10V16V2012(0805)6.3V10V16V3216(1206)6.3V10V16V3225(1210)6.3V10V16V4532(1812) 6.3V5750(2220)6.3V10V101001000100001000001000000100000001000000001000010000010000100000004700000220000002200000100000004700000220000004700000047000100006800100000022000001000000470000330000100000001000000068000004700000047000000220000●CLASSⅡ,B(X7R)Temperature Characteristics Size VoltageCapacitance Range(㎊)B(X7R)03(0201)6.3V10V16V05(0402)6.3V10V16V25V50V10(0603)6.3V10V16V25V50V21(0805)6.3V10V16V25V50V31(1206)6.3V10V16V 25V50V10100100010000100000100000010000000100000000100000470004700000470000100000100000047000022000010000003300000100000010000001001000010000000100000100000100100001001000680000033000100003300010000470047002204700002200002200001000004700022022000010000006800039000220100000033000010000010000001000●CLASSⅡ,B(X7R)Temperature Characteristics Size VoltageCapacitance Range(㎊)B(X7R)32(1210)6.3V10V16V25V50V43(1812)10V16V25V50V55(2220)25V50V1010010001000010000010000001000000010000000022000000100000010000470000015000002200000010000001000000047000003300000470000015000002200000680000100000022002200000●CLASSⅡ,F(Y5V)Temperature Characteristics Size VoltageCapacitance Range(㎊)F(Y5V)03(0201) 6.3V05(0402)10V16V25V50V10(0603)6.3V10V16V25V50V21(0805)6.3V10V16V25V50V31(1206)10V16V 25V50V32(1210)6.3V10V16V25V50V43(1812)16V25V50V55(2220)10V330000330001000022000010000220010000003300001000001000002200022001000000220000010000100002200000047000001000000033000001000000100000047000010000470000010000001500000033000001000000100000100000002200000010000220000100000001000000010000000022000001000000010000010000100000010000010000002200470000002200000010100100010000100000100000010000000100000000■RELIABILITY TEST DATANO ITEM PERFORMANCE TEST CONDITION 1APPEARANCE NO ABNORMAL EXTERIOR APPEARANCE THROUGH MICROSCOPE(×10)2INSULATIONRESISTANCE10,000㏁OR500㏁·㎌PRODUCT WHICHEVER ISSMALLER(RATED VOLTAGE IS BELOW16V:10,000㏁OR100㏁·㎌)RATED VOLTAGE SHALL BE APPLIED.MEASUREMENT TIME IS60~120RATED VOLTAGETIME60SEC.3WITHSTANDINGVOLTAGENO DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN ORMECHANICAL BREAKDOWNCLASSⅠ:300%OF THE RATED VOLTAGE FOR1~5SEC,CLASSⅡ:250%OF THE RATED VOLTAGE FOR1~5SECIS APPLIED WITH LESS THAN50㎃CURRENT4CAPACITANCECLASSⅠWITHIN THE SPECIFIEDTOLERANCECAPACITANCE FREQUENCY VOLTAGE1,000㎊ANDBELOW1㎒±10%0.5~5VrmsMORE THAN1,000㎊1㎑±10%CLASSⅡWITHIN THE SPECIFIEDTOLERANCECAPACITANCE FREQUENCY VOLTAGE10㎌AND BELOW1㎑±10% 1.0±0.2VrmsMORE THAN10㎌120㎐±20%0.5±0.1Vrms5Q CLASSⅠOVER30㎊:Q≥1,000LESS THAN30㎊:Q≥400+20C(C:CAPACITANCE)CAPACITANCE FREQUENCY VOLTAGE1,000㎊ANDBELOW1㎒±10%0.5~5VrmsMORE THAN1,000㎊1㎑±10%6TanδCLASSⅡ1.CHAR:B2.CHAR:FCAPACITANCE FREQUENCY VOLTAGE10㎌AND BELOW1㎑±10% 1.0±0.2VrmsMORE THAN10㎌120㎐±20%0.5±0.1Vrms RATED VOLTAGE DF SPEC6.3V0.05max10V0.05max16V0.035max25V0.025max50V이상0.025max6.3V10V16V25V50V1005-0.125max0.09max(C<220nF)0.125max(C≥220nF)0.05max0.05max16080.16max0.125max0.09max0.05max(C≤100nF)0.07max(C>100nF)0.05max20120.16max0.125max0.09max0.07max0.05max32160.16max0.125max0.09max0.07max0.05max32250.16max0.125max0.09max0.07max(C≤6.8㎌)0.09max(C>6.8㎌)0.05max45320.16max0.16max0.09max--57500.125max---www.cdindustries.hk*THE INITIAL VALUE OF HIGH DIELECTRIC CONSTANT SERIES SHALL BE MEASUREDAFTER THE HEAT TREATMENT OF150+0/-10℃,1Hr AND SITTING OF48±4hr AT ROOM TEMPERATURE&ROOM HUMIDITY.NO ITEM PERFORMANCE TEST CONDITION14HUMIDITY(STEADYSTATE)APPEARANCE NO MECHANICAL DAMAGE SHALL OCCUR TEMPERATURE:40±2℃RELATIVE HUMIDITY:90~95%RHTEST TIME:500+12/-0Hr.MEASURE AT ROOM TEMPERATUREAFTER COOLING FORCLASSⅠ:24±2Hr.CLASSⅡ:48±4Hr.CAPACITANCECHARACTERISTIC CAPACITANCE CHANGECLASSⅠWITHIN±5%OR±0.5㎊WHICHEVERIS LARGERCLASSⅡA,B WITHIN±12.5%F WITHIN±30%QCLASSⅠ30㎊AND OVER:Q≥35010~30㎊:Q≥275+2.5×CLESS THAN10pF:Q≥200+10×CTanδCLASSⅡINSULATIONRESISTANCEMINIMUM INSULATION RESISTANCE:1,000㏁OR50㏁·㎌PRODUCT WHICHEVER ISSMALLER15MOISTURERESISTANCEAPPEARANCE NO MECHANICAL DAMAGE SHALL OCCUR APPLIED VOLTAGE:RATED VOLTAGETEMPERATURE:40±2℃RELATIVE HUMIDITY:90~95%RHTEST TIME:500+12/-0Hr.CURRENT APPLIED:50㎃MAX.<INITIAL MEASUREMENT>CLASSⅡSHOULD BE MEASUREDINITIAL VALUE AFTER BE HEAT-TREATEDFOR1HR IN150℃+0/-10℃AND BE LEFTFOR48±4HR AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.<LATTER MEASUREMENT>CLASSⅠSHOULD BE MEASURED AFTERLEFT FOR24±2HRS IN ROOMTEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY.CLASSⅡSHOULD BE MEASUREDLATTER VALUE AFTER BEHEAT-TREATED FOR1HR IN150℃+0/-10℃AND BE LEFT FOR48±4HR AT ROOMTEMPERATURE.CAPACITANCECHARACTERISTIC CAPACITANCE CHANGECLASSⅠWITHIN±7.5%OR±0.75㎊WHICHEVERIS LARGERCLASSⅡA,B WITHIN±12.5%FWITHIN±30%WITHIN+30~-40%1005C>0.47μF1608C>1.0μF2012C>4.7μF3216C>10.0μF3225C>22.0μF4532C>47.0μFQCLASSⅠ30㎊AND OVER:Q≥20030㎊AND BELOW:Q≥100+10/3×CTanδCLASSⅡINSULATIONRESISTANCEMINIMUM INSULATION RESISTANCE:500㏁OR25㏁·㎌PRODUCT,WHICHEVER IS SMALLER.CHAR.25VANDOVER16V10V 6.3V4VA,B0.050.05MAX0.05MAX0.075MAX0.1MAXF0.075MAX0.1MAX(C〈1.0㎌)0.125MAX(C≥1.0㎌)0.15MAX0.195MAX0.25MAXCHAR.25VANDOVER16V10V 6.3V4VA,B0.05MAX0.05MAX0.05MAX0.075MAX0.1MAXF0.075MAX0.1MAX(C〈1.0㎌)0.125MAX(C≥1.0㎌)0.15MAX0.195MAX0.25MAX6.3VTanδ0.125MAX*ConditionCLASSⅡ(A,B)1005C≥0.22㎌1608C≥2.2㎌2012C≥4.7㎌3216C≥10.0㎌3225C≥22.0㎌4532C≥47.0㎌5750C≥100.0㎌6.3V Tanδ0.125MAX*ConditionCLASSⅡ(A,B)1005C≥0.22㎌1608C≥2.2㎌2012C≥4.7㎌3216C≥10.0㎌3225C≥22.0㎌4532C≥47.0㎌5750C≥100.0㎌NO ITEM PERFORMANCE TEST CONDITION16HIGHTEMPERATURERESISTANCEAPPEARANCE NO MECHANICAL DAMAGE SHALL OCCURAPPLIED VOLTAGE:150%,200%OF RATED VOLTAGETEST TIME:1000+48/-0Hr.CURRENT APPLIED:50㎃MAX.<INITIAL MEASUREMENT>CLASSⅡSHOULD BE MEASURED INITIALVALUE AFTER BE HEAT-TREATED FOR1HR IN150℃+0/-10℃AND BE LEFT FOR48±4HR AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.<LATTER MEASUREMENT>CLASSⅠSHOULD BE MEASURED AFTERLEFT FOR24±2HRS IN ROOMTEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY.CLASSⅡSHOULD BE MEASURED LATTERVALUE AFTER BE HEAT-TREATED FOR1HR IN150℃+0/-10℃AND BE LEFT FOR48±4HR AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.(TWICE OF RATED VOLTAGE WILL BEAPPLIED TO ALL SERIES BUT ABOVE)**HOWEVER,A/B는1005C≥0.22㎌SEE(FIG.3)CAPACITANCECHARACTERISTIC CAP.CHANGECLASSⅠWITHIN±3%OR±0.3㎊,WHICHEVER IS LARGERCLASSⅡA,B WITHIN±12.5%FWITHIN±30%WITHIN+30~40%1005C>0.47μF1608C>1.0μF2012C>4.7μF3216C>10.0μF3225C>22.0μF4532C>47.0μFQCLASSⅠ30㎊AND OVER:Q≥35010~30㎊:Q≥275+2.5×CLESS THAN10㎊:Q≥200+10×CTanδCLASSⅡINSULATIONRESISTANCEMINIMUM INSULATION RESISTANCE:1,000㏁OR50㏁·㎌PRODUCTWHICHEVER IS SMALLER17TEMPERATURECYCLEAPPEARANCE NO MECHANICAL DAMAGE SHALL OCCUR CAPACITORS SHALL BE SUBJECTEDTO FIVE CYCLES OF THETEMPERATURE CYCLE AS FOLLOWINGSTEP TEMP.(℃)TIME(MIN)1MIN.RATEDTEMP.+0/-3302252~33MAX.RATEDTEMP.+3/-0304252~3MEASURE AT ROOM TEMPERATUREAFTER COOLING FORCLASSⅠ:24±2Hr.CLASSⅡ:48±4Hr.CAPACITANCECHARACTERISTIC CAP.CHANGECLASSⅠWITHIN±2.5%OR±0.25㎊WHICHEVER ISLARGERCLASSⅡA,B WITHIN±7.5%F WITHIN±20%QCLASSⅠ30㎊AND OVER:Q≥1000LESS THAN30㎊:Q≥400+20×CTanδCLASSⅡTO SATISFY THE SPECIFIEDINITIAL VALUEINSULATIONRESISTANCETO SATISFY THE SPECIFIEDINITIAL VALUECHAR.25VANDOVER16V10V 6.3V4VA,B0.05MAX0.05MAX0.05MAX0.075MAX0.1MAXF0.075MAX0.1MAX(C<1.0㎌)0.125MAX(C≥1.0㎌)0.15MAX0.195MAX0.25MAXCHAR.TEMP.CLASSⅠ125±3℃CLASSⅡA85±3℃B125±3℃F85±3℃*150%Authorization ConditionsCLASSⅡ(A,B,F)1005C>0.47μF1608C≥2.2㎌2012C≥4.7㎌3216C≥10.0㎌3225C≥22.0㎌4532C≥47.0㎌5750C≥100.0㎌■CHARACTERISTIC GRAPH▶CAPACITANCE CHANGE -AGING▶CAPACITANCE -DC VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS▶CAPACITANCE -TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS●ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS■APPLICATION MANUAL●Storage Condition▶Storage EnvironmentThe electrical characteristics of MLCCs were degraded by the environment of high temperature or humidity.Therefore,the MLCCs shall be stored in the ambient temperature and the relative humidity of less than40℃and70%,respectively.Guaranteed storage period is within6months from the outgoing date of delivery.▶Corrosive GasesSince the solderability of the end termination in MLCC was degraded by a chemical atmosphere such as chlorine,acid or sulfide gases,MLCCs must be avoid from these gases.▶Temperature FluctuationsSince dew condensation may occur by the differences in temperature when the MLCCs are taken out of storage,it is important to maintain the temperature-controlled environment.●Design of Land PatternWhen designing printed circuit boards,the shape and size of the lands must allow for theproper amount of solder on the capacitor.The amount of solder at the end terminations has a direct effect on the crack.The crack in MLCC will be easily occurred by the tensile stress which was due to too much amount of solder.In contrast,if too little solder is applied,the termination strength will be e the following illustrations as guidelines for proper land design.Recommendation of Land Shape and Size●AdhesivesWhen flow soldering the MLCCs,apply the adhesive in accordance with the following conditions.▶Requirements for AdhesivesThey must have enough adhesion,so that,the chips will not fall off or move during thehandling of the circuit board.They must maintain their adhesive strength when exposed to soldering temperature.They should not spread or run when applied to the circuit board.They should harden quickly.They should not corrode the circuit board or chip material.They should be a good insulator.They should be non-toxic,and not produce harmful gases,nor be harmful when touched.▶Application MethodIt is important to use the proper amount of adhesive.Too little and much adhesive will cause poor adhesion and overflow into the land,respectively.▶Adhesive hardening CharacteristicsTo prevent oxidation of the terminations,the adhesive must harden at160℃or less,within2minutes or less.●Mounting▶Mounting Head PressureExcessive pressure will cause crack to MLCCs.The pressure of nozzle will be300g maximum during mounting.▶Bending StressWhen double-sided circuit boards are used,MLCCs first are mounted and soldered onto one side of the board.When the MLCCs are mounted onto the other side,it is important to support the board as shown in the illustration.If the circuit board is not supported,the crack occur to the ready-installed MLCCs by the bending stress.●FluxAlthough the solderability increased by the highly-activated flux,increase of activity in flux may also degrade the insulation of the chip capacitors.To avoid such degradation,it is recommended that a mildly activated rosin flux(less than0.2%chlorine)be used.●SolderingSince a multilayer ceramic chip capacitor comes into direct contact with melted solder during soldering,it is exposed to potentially mechanical stress caused by the sudden temperature change.The capacitor may also be subject to silver migration,and to contamination by the flux.Because of these factors,soldering technique is critical.▶Soldering MethodsMethodClassificationReflow soldering-Overall heating-Infrared rays -Hot plate-VPS(vapor phase)-Local heating-Air heater -Laser-Light beamFlow soldering-Single wave -Double wave-*We recommend the reflow soldering method.▶Soldering ProfileTo avoid crack problem by sudden temperature change,follow the temperature profile in the adjacentgraph.30025020015010050℃Reflow Soldering 30025020015010050℃60~120sec 3~4secFlow Soldering▶Manual SolderingManual soldering can pose a great risk of creating thermal cracks in chip capacitors.The hotsoldering iron tip comes into direct contact with the end terminations,and operator's carelessnessmay cause the tip of the soldering iron to come into direct contact with the ceramic body of the capacitor.Therefore the soldering iron must be handled carefully,and close attention must be paid to the selection of the soldering iron tip and to temperature control of the tip.▶Amount ofSolder▶CoolingNatural cooling using air is recommended.If the chips are dipped into solvent for cleaning, the temperature difference(△T)must be less than100℃6-6.CleaningIf rosin flux is used,cleaning usually is unnecessary.When strongly activated flux is used, chlorine in the flux may dissolve into some types of cleaning fluids,thereby affecting the chip capacitors.This means that the cleaning fluid must be carefully selected,and should always be new.▶Notes for Separating Multiple,Shared PC Boards.A multi-PC board is separated into many individual circuit boards after soldering has been completed.If the board is bent or distorted at the time of separation,cracks may occur in the chip capacitors.Carefully choose a separation method that minimizes the bending of the circuit board.■CROSS REFERENCEP/N COMPANY SAMSUNG AVX JOHANSON KEMET KYOCERA MURATA NOVACAP PANASONIC ROHMTAIYO-YUDENTDK VITRAMON①COMPANY MODEL(MLCC)CL--C CM GRM-ECJ MCH MK C VJ②SIZE (EIA/JIS)0201(0603)03---0333-Z-0630603-0402(1005)050402R0704020536040201510510050402 0603(1608)100603R14060310539060311810716080603 0805(2012)210805R1508052140080522121220120805 1206(3216)311206R181********-6120633131632161206 1210(3225)321210S4112103242-2121043232532251210 1808(4520)421808R29180842-1808---45201808 1812(4532)431812S4318124343-21812-4343245321812 2220(5750)55--22205544-12221--5505650-③TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTIC COG(NPO)C A N G CG COG/CH N C A C COG/CH A P2H(N150)P S--P P2H-P-P PH-R2H(N220)R1--R R2H-R-R RH-S2H(N330)S3--S S2H-S-S SH-T2H(N470)T O--T T2H-T-T TH-U2J(N750)U Z--U U2J-U UJ U UJ-S2L L Y--SL SL-G SL SL SL-X7R B C W R(X)X7R X7R B B C BJ X7R(B)Y(X) Z5U E E Z U-Z5U Z-E-Z5U U Y5V F G Y V Y5V Y5V Y F F F Y5V-④NOMINAL CAPACITANCE EX)103=10,000㎊221=220㎊225=2,200,000㎊=2.2㎌1R5=1.5㎊010=1㎊⑤CAPACITANCE TOLERANCE B:±0.1㎊C:±0.25㎊D:±0.5㎊F:±1%G:±2%J:±5%K:±10%M:±20%Z:-20~+80%⑥RATED VOLTAGE6.3V Q6-906 6.3-0J-J0J-10V P Z10081010-1A4L1A-16V O Y160416161601C3E1C J 25V A3250325252501E2T1E X 50V B5500550505001H5U1H A 100V C110111*********A1-2A B 200V D220122002002012D---C 250V E V--250250251---2E-500V G7501-500500501----E 630V H---630630----2J-1000V I A102-10001K102---3A G 2000V J G202-20002K202---3D-3000V K H302-30003K302---3F H 4000V-J-4000-402-----⑦TERMINATIONNICKEL BARRIER N T V C A(GRM)N-(MCH)--X Ag/Pd P1--B(GR)P-(MC)--F⑧PACKAGEBULK(VINYL)B9(NONE)-B PB*X-B B B PAPER TAPING C2,4T,R-T,L PT T E,V,W K,L T T C,P PLASTIC TAPING E1,3E,U-H,N PT-F,Y P,Q T-T,R BULK CASE P7--C PC-C C--G。
石冢ntc温度传感器

EC2F202A2-71048 2kΩ±1% 3182K±1%
EC2F502A2-40103 5kΩ±1% 3324K±1%
EC2F103A2-40113 10kΩ±1% 3435K±1%
EC2F203A2-70030 20kΩ±1% 4013K±1%
EC2F503A2-70456 50kΩ±1% 4060K±1%
EC2F104A2-60109 100kΩ±1% 4665K±1%
散热系数...约3.0MW /℃ 热时常数...约80秒 介电强度···AC2400V1秒 在DC500V的绝缘电阻···100MΩ以上
成型树脂颜色 水色 赤色 灰色 黒色 青色 白色 緑色
工作温度范围 ℃
-40~+90
-40~+110
R25
B25/85
散热系数mW / ℃
100.0kΩ±1% 4261K±1%
約4.0
介电强度···AC600V1秒
在DC500V的绝缘电阻···100MΩ以上
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
熱時定数 s
約4.0
额定功率mW at 25℃
20
工作温度范围 ℃
-30~+90
深圳富泰林光电科技有限公司
深圳富泰林光电科技有限公司
7、EP1C212C0-ASSY-3
R35
B0/25
散热系数mW / ℃
1.433kΩ±2% 3400K±2%
約5.0
介电强度···AC1800V1秒 在DC500V的绝缘电阻···100MΩ以上
熱時定数 s
約10
8、ED5F103A2-ASSY-4
额定功率mW at 25℃
約3.0
介电强度···AC600V1秒 在DC500V的绝缘电阻···100MΩ以上
西门子 S7-1200 功能安全手册 - 设备手册说明书

SIMATICS7S7-1200 功能安全手册设备手册Siemens AGDigital IndustriesⓅ 10/2022 本公司保留更改的权利 Copyright © Siemens AG 2022. 保留所有权利法律资讯警告提示系统为了您的人身安全以及避免财产损失,必须注意本手册中的提示。
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SSIGNMENT SHEET (The following is to be filled by the participant only)Tire Retail shops OwnerI had a friend, who is a tire retail shops owner in Dalian. He owns 17 shops and earns 40% share of market in tire replacement market in Dalian city. His name is Yunlong Dang. Mr. Dang was an old colleague in Goodyear before I joined Goodyear. He is the richest person among all my colleagues now. He is not only a retail shops owner, but also a tire dealer for several named brand, such as Continental, Hanhook, Triangle, etc.I made an appointment with him on Oct 29th, Saturday morning. I visited him in his office. His office is on the second floor of one tire shop. I climbed into the second floor. He was on the phone to talk about tire mounting equipment with supplier.Me:Sorry to bother you during the weekend. I had a MBA assignment need your help.Dang:Not a problem. I did n’t have any weekend after I started my own business. Even during Chinese New Year, I only have one day off to have dinner with my parents. There are so many things going on every day. At the beginning, I was busy because I felt nervous about business. Now, the business is getting better and my brain just could not stop thinking about business. I think I am used to this kind of life. I feel I am an important person if I can keep myself busy.Insight:a.Entrepreneur is not easy. A successful entrepreneur is even more harder. Theperson must take time and effort in his business. He needs to find solution, make right decision, take time to execute ideas and bear the business result. Ifa person works in a big organization, he either makes decision (seniormanagement) or takes execution (middle managers) and he doesn’t bear the business result in most circumstances. I can feel the workload and pressure to an entrepreneur is much heavier than a professional manager.b.Entrepreneur feels happy because they enjoy the feeling that they areimportant person to family, to the company, to the society. This feeling gives them energy to work hard.c.Entrepreneur likes to watch the business closely. Just like the parent watchestheir baby. Mr. Dong chose his office inside the retail shop because he wants to know how the shop performs every day. He can have a strong business sense when he talks to random customers or business partners.Me: When did you start your business? How you made the decision to do own business?Dang:After Goodyear bought Dalian Rubber Company, I left the company. I was forced to leave because I can’t read English. The people like you, who graduated from university, took over my job in Goodyear. I felt upset when I firstly left Goodyear. Now, I felt lucky because Goodyear pushed me to start my own business and Goodyear also gave me an opportunity to play in tire industry. I knew nothing when I left Goodyear, but tires. So, it only took me 2 days to cool myself down and find my future direction, selling tires.Insight:a.There are two types of entrepreneur, to take advantage of a businessopportunity or because there are no better choices for work. I think Mr. Dang belongs to the second type. I guess the successful rate of the second type entrepreneur should be higher than the first type because this type of entrepreneur can’t bear big loss on business and they will plan everything well and make smart decisions.b.Start a business with something you are familiar can shorten the learning timeand reduce learning cost.c.You can overcome everything if you can overcome yourself. Mr. Dong didn’tgive up his hope when he was dismissed. He even came back as Goodyear’s retailer because he has people relationship in Goodyear.Me: Who is your customer when you firstly start to sell tires?Dang: I didn’t have a shop when I first started selling tires. I did n’t have money to rent a shop. The only property I had was an old bicycle. My business module was a trading bridge for car maintenance center and tire whole sale market. Car maintenance centers don’t keep tires in their shops. They will call tire retail shops to deliver tires ifsome customer in car maintenance center wants to change tires. The difficulties for the car maintenance centers are that the tire shop may not be able to deliver tires on time because they are busy at that time, or they don’t have the inventory in the tire shop, too. I found that it was a good opportunity if I can deliver the right tires on time. So, I bought a BP phone and gave the number to car maintenance centers. I stayed at the tire whole market. Whenever and whatever they called me, I delivered tires to their centers as fast as I can by driving my bike. The car maintenance centers were not intended to earn money from tires and they only wanted to satisfy their customers. So, they paid me all the money that the customer pays them on tires. This gave me an attractive margin. I got more car maintenance customers after I run this business about a year. I asked my brother to join and help me.Insight:a.Opportunity exists anytime, everywhere. The question is that can you find itand seize it or not. Entrepreneur always has the ability to fulfill the demands.b.Don’t complain cash is a problem. Mr. Dang sold his tires in somebody else’sshops. He didn’t own a shop, but he still found a way to sell tires.c.When entrepreneur started his business, he begins with a niche market becausethe competition is not tough.d.When the opportunity growth, the team needs to be larger to supportopportunity. Mr. Dang got the support from his family member. This is the most reliable resources.Me: Where is your first shop? How you gain your shares?Dong: My first shop is in WuYi square, where a lot of car maintenance shops located. It is a small shop and the car can only stop in front of the shop and can’t drive in the shop. The main business of the shop is still deliver tires to car maintenance centers. To speed up the delivery time, I stored some tires in my own shop with 30 days credit from tire dealers. I watched the tire inventory closely. For those slow moving tires, I could exchange the sizes with dealers within 30 days. Little by litter, some customers noticed the shop on their way to the car maintenance centers and came into the shop and asked for tires. Every customer came into the shop, no matter he bought tires ornot, I would always give him a good training about tires. For example, what’s inside the tires, how long people need to exchange tires, how many brand in the markets, how check tire before driving to the high way, etc. All the people looked me as a tire expert. I think that may be the reason I have more and more customers. Later on, I opened more shops. All the VIP customers can get 24h-service by calling the shop. That may be another reason why I have royalty customers.Insight:a.Location is important for retail business. Choose location doesn’t mean choosethe best, expensive location. It means choose the right location at the right time.b.Credit from suppliers is an important capital resource to run business.c.Add low cost service into the product can make your product more premiumthan others.Me: Did you make any mistake or face any hard time in the past?Dang: There were a lot of mistakes that I made in the past 15 years. Mostly, I already forgot. One big mistake I made is that I didn’t buy the property of the shops. It is hard to image that the property price increase almost 10 times compared to 10 years ago. I spent all money to open new shops. Now, the rental cost is getting higher and higher. The problem that I don’t own the house is not only from cost, I was kicked out from the buildings also because the landlord wanted to change the building into other usage. It really hurt my business. I am struggling if I should buy the property now. The property price is really high in China. I am not a good investor in real estate. Insight:a. A successful entrepreneur is still human beings. He is good at some areas andhe may feel less confident in other areas.b.Mistakes make people more strong. If you realized you made a mistake, youwill avoid the same mistake take place next time.c.There is no right or wrong to run a business. If Mr. Dang spent his money tobuy property and he may lose opportunity to develop his tire business.Me: Anything make you feel proud recently?Dang: I am a self-confidence person. I am always proud of what I did. No matter how others look at me. Recently, I gained the Creative Retailer reward from Michelin. This makes me more boosted. I did a presentation in the Michelin retail conference to share my practice. The reason that this reward is impressive to me is not because of the reward name and it is because that a lot of retailers are interested in my business module. They keep talk to me and ask my advice during the conference. I was like a famous consultant.Insight:a.Mr. Dong is the first retailer to provide free service for tire testing. And he alsois the first mover for providing tire emergency rescue service. Entrepreneurs need to lead change if they are to be successful in growing their business.b.Entrepreneurial can learn from other entrepreneurs.Me: How is the return in tire retail business?Dang: I invested 20million RMB in my business and yearly earning is no more than 1million. The return rate is less than government bond. The return for me to run the shops is not only money. It is a feel of social respect. I have 200 employees. I like to see their growth. Their parents rely on me to training them and develop them. Most of my employee came from country side. They were not confidence when they talked to city people. I told them how to talk and how to response to customers. I always say” everyone is equal if I didn’t own your money” “Nobody look down you if you didn’t own his money”Insight:a.When you own 10million money, the return to an entrepreneur is more on hissocial satisfaction than money. Mr. Dong enjoys providing jobs to others.b.Entrepreneurial has a self-motivated attitude.Me: Do you want to grow your business faster? Did you ever think about Franchise to speed up business growth?Dang: Everyone wants to see business growth. But how? I never borrowed money from banks or somebody else. I don’t like the feeling that I own somebody. The ca sh to open new stores are all from operational profit. As for Franchise, some friends wantto invest in tire store and give me Franchise fee every year if I can help them to monitor the operation. I didn’t accept the offer because I didn’t have a system to run Franchise yet. I am thinking about it now. Recently, I changed my shops signage from “Michelin”,” Contine n tal” to “NanPao”. “NanPao” is my own brand. To start Franchise business, a named brand is very important.Insight:a.Mr. Dong has loan –reverse attitude to run his business. He feels morecomfortable to grow business step by step.b.Franchise is another to growth business faster without heavy investmentc.Branding is very important for Franchise.Me: Any challenge you are currently facing?Dang: The most challenge stuff is people retention. Tire repair job is a dirty, boring and low skill job. Most kids from city are not interested in the job. So, most workers come from north of China, country side. They are not stable labor resources. You may see they are in the shop today and you can’t find them tomorrow. Also, my shop managers always want to start their own business after 3 years working experience, regardless how much salary you pay them.Insight:a.Among opportunity, resource and team, the most difficult thing is teambecause team is dynamic. It is not something you can buy it from the market quickly.b.Entrepreneurial are always good at managing a small organization. They havesome constraint to manage a large organization because every penny they spend they would like to see the return immediately. People development is something they always talk and it is hard for them to spend money on it. Me: Any new plan for your business?Dang: I am working on developing a tire selling website. There are some tire selling transactions through internet already today, such as “TaoBao”. But, these websites are only selling tires and don’t provide service. This is not convenience for customers. I am trying to find partners in different cities can provide service to customers ifcustomers buy tires through internet. For example, if the customer is located in Beijing and he buys my tires from internet, I will give him an authorized retailer list. He can go to these retail shops for free mounting and I pay the bill. The bill is only small money because the retail shop would like to have “walk-in customers” and retailers can earn money from selling other stuff to these “walk-in” customers. Insight:a.Firm must continually seek new customers in new markets. Mr. Dang isdeveloping new customers in new geography.b.Understand customer habit and anticipate future is important to make the rightchoice.c.Growing company should have an energetic entrepreneur, who can learn newtechnology and smell the trend of Macro economy changes.。