2018年12月英语四级词汇练习及答案汇总1
(完整版)2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题精解(第一套)
2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）音频Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section，you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions. Both thenews report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrive.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insuffcient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warming.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section，you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative.B) Inspiring.C) Dull.D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She takes photos.D) She takes notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A) It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13. A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) Each one has a unique character.C) They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section，you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage，you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with the resources they need.D) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By keeping them off the streets.C) By inspiring their creativity.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unusual cross breed.C) It is the largest cat in Africa.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.20. A) They are as loyal as dogs.B) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C) They have unusually long tails.D) They know how to please their owners.21. A) They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.23. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents’biggest concern.24. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C) Read books and magazines to them.D) Set a good example for them to follow.25. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs，with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution，which includes 28 like home heating and cooking，has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area.Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe，over which individuals have little 31，”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world，where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low- and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries，where diesel(柴油) 35 have become more common in recent years，that number reaches tens of thousands.A) abilityB) associatedC) consciouslyD) constantE) controlF) damageG) describedH) equalsI) exclusivelyJ) innovatedK) regularlyL) relatesM) sourcesN) undermineO) vehiclesSection BDirections: In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing ProgressA) Several times a month，you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach，California，wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day，this doctor was Daniel Nadeau，wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott，giving her some ideas on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?”he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper，and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare，you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”B) Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center，part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service，plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.C) Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni(通心粉) -and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks，her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take，just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”D) Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America，over 50 percent of our food is processed food，”Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.”Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor，zero for diabetes.E) Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades，but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment，rather than relying solely on medications(药物) . By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with Your Doc’，they are trying to prevent，limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes，reversing high blood pressure，even preventing cancer by food choices，”Nadeau says.F) In the big picture，says Dr. Richard Afable，CEO and president of St. Joseph Hoag Health，medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization，not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital，which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for thei condition，along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine，and not just give away food，”says Dr. Rita Nguyen，the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating，how to prepare it，the role food plays in their lives.”G) In Southern California，Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine—that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases，but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution，or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless，physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt，sugar，fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates ofobesity，diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization，80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure，tobacco use，elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.H) “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease，”says Dr. Brenda Rea，who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease，in part，by changing patients’nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way，patients not only learn about which foods to buy，but also how to prepare them at home.I) Many people don’t know how to cook，Rea says，and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them，she says，can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that，it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison，”Rea says.“As a physician，nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long term disease.”J) Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症) ，for example，or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general，many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet—particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.K) “As what happened with tobacco，this will require a cultural shift，but that can happen，”says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke，and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it，I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself，thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea，but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans’high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now，with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of thestate continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1，000 feet，but due to new pumping practices，water deeper than this can now be extracted(抽取) . The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers(地下蓄水层) below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1，000 feet for oil and gas extraction，but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1，000 to 3，000 feet below the ground，which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep is the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out，the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive，it is still cheaper than desalinating(脱盐) the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible，but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater，and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction，thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2，700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46. How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47. What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?A) The sinking of land surface.B) The harm to the ecosystem.C) The damage to aquifers.D) The change of the climate.49. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically，meaning can they be honest and fairOne example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads，so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve，they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes，however，they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road，even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself，not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars，but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph，Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’took a bad turn. The software，named Taylor，was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations，but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler，Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google，which owns AlphaGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner，whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter，more able and “just better human beings.”51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?A) Computers will prevail over human beings.B) Computers have unmatched potential.C) Computers are man’s potential rivals.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D) They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54. What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’Taylor?A) She could not distinguish good from bad.B) She could turn herself off when necessary.C) She was not made to handle novel situations.D) She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligenceA) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人速度增长。
12月英语四级词汇讲解丨考点归纳：动名词结构
大学英语四六级考试/备考辅导2018年12月英语四级词汇讲解丨考点归纳：动名词结构【导语】2018年12月四六级考试已经离我们不远了，为了让同学们更好准备四六级考试，小编英语频道特别整理了《2018年12月英语四级词汇讲解丨考点归纳：动名词结构》，希望可以为大家带来帮助,预祝大家高分通过考试。
2018年12月英语四级词汇讲解丨考点归纳汇总英语四级词汇讲解丨考点归纳：动名词结构Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier towriting that most of us encounter.英语四级译文:试图匆忙地修改写作内容可能是我们大多数人在写作时遇到的的障碍。
四级词汇讲解:本句的主干是trying to criticize writing on the fly is the barrier to writing。
that most of usencounter是由that引导的定语从句，修饰barrier。
句中的criticize相当于edit，也就是“修改”的意思。
on the fly的意思是“急忙，匆忙”。
encourter的意思是“遇到或发现(困难、危险等)”。
英语四级考点归纳:动名词结构(v.+ing)作主语，表示比较抽象的多次性的动作。
该结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
动名词结构作主语有两种情况:※将动名词直接.置于主语位置:如:1)Reading extensively is one of the most effective ways to enlarge our vocabulary.广泛阅读是扩大词汇量的最有效的途径之一。
2) Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易:※采用形式主语it的结构。
如:1) It is a waste of time discussing such matters with her.和她讨论这些问题是在浪费时间。
2018年12月四级考试真题及答案
2018年12月四级考试真题及答案第一部分：听力（共20小题）这部分共有20个小题，每个小题你将听到一个句子，并看到有关这个句子的三个选项。
请你从中选出与句子内容相符的选项。
A)He borrowed a pen from the girl.B)The girl lent him a pen.C)The boy gave a pen to the girl.A)The man will go to the supermarket.B)The man needs to buy some food.C)The supermarket is closed.A)She is seldom late for class.B)She arrives early for class.C)She always rushes to class.…第二部分：阅读理解（共10篇）这部分共有10篇短文，每篇短文后面有2-3个与短文内容相关的问题。
请你根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。
Passage 1Living in a big and bustling metropolis, one tends to feel isolated and lonely. This is not to say you are alone; it is the fact you are alone in a crowd. You don’t even know most of your neighbors’ names, while of those few you do know, you can hardly remember who they are. Sometimes when you do meet someone you like, it just seems you are miles apart in your interests and views. You have acquaintances but few friends, making you long to reach out and make new friends.4.According to the passage, people living in a big city often _______.A)feel alone even when surrounded by peopleB)know most of their neighbors’ namesC)have a lot of close friends5.What does the author say about meeting people in a big city?A)It is easy to find friends who share your interests and views.B)It is difficult to find people with similar interests and views.C)It is unnecessary to meet new people in a big city.…第三部分：写作（共两篇）第一篇：图表作文根据下面所给的图表和提示，描写2010年至2018年某社会现象的变化。
12月英语四级词汇练习及答案(41)
大学英语四六级考试/模拟试题2018年12月英语四级词汇练习及答案（41）【导语】实践证明，单词量越大的同学在阅读理解中看懂的部分就越多，正确率就越高，所以日常备考英语四级考试的同学们，上考场前一定要备好足够的单词量。
下面是小编四六级频道整理的词汇练习，希望给同学们的备考有所帮助。
2018年12月英语四级词汇练习及答案汇总英语四级词汇练习及答案(41)1.The waste pipe is blocked; try ____ it out with hot water.A) rushing B)brushing C)crushing D)flushing2.His actions do not ____ to his words.A)respond B)consist C) correspond D)accord3.He____satisfaction from helping people in trouble.A) derides B)derives C) deviates D)detaches4.There is a shift in____ from a woman’s view to a man ’s view.A) prospective B) prospectus C) prosperous D) perspective5.I ____ on a book with him. He help me a lot with collecting materials.A) cooperate B) operate C) collate D) collaborate6.She is the ____ survivor of the air crash.A) alone B) unique C) single D) sole7.Both Bach and Beethoven wrote ____ music.A) classical B) classic C) class D) classics8.Physical attractiveness is not an important ____ in some people’s opinion.A) ascribe B) attribute C) tribute D) trains9.They came up with a(n) ____ way of preventing cheating in exams.A) ingnue B) ingenuous C) ingenious D) genius10.The school dining room____ as a meeting place for teachers and students.A) uses B) utilizes C) functions D) exerts答案与解析：1.D。
2018年12月大学英语四级真题试卷(CET4)及答案(第二套)
2018年12月大学英语四级真题试卷(CET4)及答案(第二套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the challenges of studying abroad.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 2 are based on the new report you have just heard.Questions 1 to 2 are based on the new report you have just heard.1. A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.2. A) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.B) He once served in a fire department.C) He was collecting building materials.D) He moved into his neighbor's old house.Questions 3 to 4 are based on the new report you have just heard。
2018年12月英语四级真题第三套答案
2018年12月四级真题（第三套）参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)【范文】On the challenges of starting a career after graduationOwing to the increasingly fierce competition in the job market and the change of employment concept, a growing group of graduates choose to start a business once they earn their diplomas.It’s evident to all that the government encourages the graduates to do the self-employment and offers some policies or conveniences to them, such as lending loan and subsidy and reducing tax. However, considering the actual operation of a company, such support is far from enough, because starting a career, especially for new graduates, will be inevitably confronted with numerous challenges. Firstly, the main one confronting budding entrepreneurs is a dearth of practical business models and a more realistic understanding of the market, which is the reason why the majority of them fail within the first two years. Secondly, a lack of funds has long been one of the biggest obstacles for the development of such start-ups. Furthermore, these entrepreneurs have no guaranteed wages during the start-up phase that will undoubtedly increase their financial and psychological burden. Thirdly, as green hands in their industries, it’s more challenging for them to find business partners, investors and suppliers, which may depress them.Anyway, those who choose to start a career after graduation are bound to encounter more difficulties than they expected. Therefore, it is essential for them to make adequate preparations in mind and in action. Meanwhile, more support from the government and the whole society should also be given to help these young entrepreneurs.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)特别说明：由于四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，故不再重复给出。
(完整word版)2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版(第1套)
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.PartⅡ Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section ADirections： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。
Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)， C) and D）。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard。
1。
A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B） Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device。
英语四级真题2018年12月（第三套）试卷及答案解析
英语四级真题2018年12月（第三套）试卷及答案解析2018年12月四级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section A．Directions: In th· is section, you will hear three news reports.A t the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the en mar e corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Th k tha single line through the centre.说明：2018年12月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。
本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而巳，故在本套中不再重复给出。
Part ill Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Yo u are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is ident加d by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. Yo u may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold whichended in a persistent bad cough. No matter how many different 26 I tried, I still couldn't get rid of the cough. Not only did it 27 my teaching but also my life as a whole. Then one day after class, a student came up to me and 28 traditional Chinese medicine. From her description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders. I was 29 because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my cough got so much 30 that I couldn't sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try. The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were new 31 to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor gave me a scraping (刮）treatment known as "Gua Sha". I was a little 32 at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders. A few minutes later, the 33 strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began to 34 deeper into relaxation. I didn't feel any improvement in my condition in the first couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started to 35 . Then, within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!A)deepen B) e xperiences C)hesitantD)" mconvemence E) l essen F) l icensesG) p ressured H) r ecommended!)remediesJ) s cared K) s ensitive L) s inkM) t emporary N)tremble O)worseSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. I dentify the paragraph from which the information i.s derived. You maychoose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Is it really OK to eat food that's fallen on the floor?A) W hen you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you pick it up within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we've done some work on this particular piece of wisdom.B)W怕le the "five-second rule" might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of, it's still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.C) S o is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold (门槛）that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It's a bit more complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.D) W ondering if food is still OK to eat after it's dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience. And it's probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never know.E) I n fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the floor. Child put it back in the pan, saying, "But you can always pick it up and if you're alone in the kitchen, who's goingto see it?" But the misremembered story persists. It's harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.F) S o what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for the safety of you food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in aresearch project at the University of Illinois.Clarke and her colleagues introduced bacteria to floor tiles (瓷砖）and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn't report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.G)But how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria to squares of tile, carpet or wood.Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food. W e repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had been on the surface for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hoursH) W e found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didn't depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface—whether for a fewseconds or for a whole minute. The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like what's at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.I) W e also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet was contaminated, less than 1 %of the bacteria were transferred.But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48-70% of bacteria were.J) L ast year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters (参数）to our study and found similar results. They also reported that 87 %of people asked either would eat or had eaten food fallen on the floor. K) Should you eat food fallen on the floor then? From a food safety standpoint, if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1 %is still enough to make you sick. Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small number to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems. B ut the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.L) A nd it's not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination.Bacteria are carried by various "media", which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing (打喷咙）. Hands, foods and utensils (器皿）can carry individual bacteria living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of deposits containingbacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean. Becteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanit也ers(清洁剂）and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.M) S o the next time you consider eating fallen food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.N) R esearch or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils and other surfaces clean.36.A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.37. W hether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.38.Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor.39.Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.40. T he author's research centers around how food gets contaminated.41.Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.42.Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.43.For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor.44.Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.45.Researchers found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed ona contaminated floor.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. E ach passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Fo r each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) a nd D). Yo u should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey (猎物）using both their ears and an inborn(天生的）understanding of how the physical world works.In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a container that a te皿member shook. S ome containers rattled (发出响声）；others did not. W hen the con血ner tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didn't.It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as expected."Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or soundsto predict the appearance of invisible objects," lead researcher Saho Takagi says in a press release. T he researchers conclude that cats'hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies. L ike cats, babies appear to engage in what's called "preferential looking"—looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceiveas normal.When babies'expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with the cats, they react much like their animal friends.Psychologists have shown that babies apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as early as two months of age.Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect? Maybe. Okay, s o cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America's most important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they've shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.46. What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?A) They can be trained to understand the physical world.B) They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.C) They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.D) They are capable of telling which way their prey flees.47.What may account for the cats'response to the noise from the containers?A) Their inborn sensitivity to noise.C) Their special ability to perceive. B) Their unusual sense ofdirection.D) Their mastery of cause and effect.48. W hat is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?A) They depend on their instincts.C) They wait some time before attack.49.In what way do babies behave like cats?A) They focus on what appears odd.C) They do what they prefer to do.50. W hat can we conclude about cats from the passage?A) They have higher intelligence than many other animals.B) They interact with the physical world much like humans.C) They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting.D) They can aid physics professors in their research work.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. B) They rely mainly on their hearing.D) They use both their ears and eyes.B) They view the world as normal. D) They are curious about everything.Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedals (踏板）. Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. "The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes. Should I take it?" You say "yes" and you are on your way. T he car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.How weird would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. O n the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and townbudgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.A new technology has the potential to change modem society in radical ways.There's no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. T he potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U.S. involve human error. Older drivers and visually-or physically-impaired people would gain a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels.Roads would be quieter, people safer.But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in May 2015 there were 505, 660 registered school bus drivers. T he American Trucking Association lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S ..The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offerretraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what's happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.New technologies will, and should, be developed. T his is how society moves forward. However, progress can't be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.61. W hat would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?A) People would be driving in a more civilized way.B) It wouldsave local governments a lot of money.C) More policemen would be patrolling the streets.D) Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.52.How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?A) They could enjoy greater mobility.C) They would have no trouble driving.B) They would suffer no road accidents.D) They could go anywhere they want.53.What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?A) The conflict between labor and management would intensify.B) The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.C) Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.D)Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.54. W hat is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?A)Political dissatisfaction.C) Fossil fuel conservation.B) Retraining of employees.D) Business restructuring.55.What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?A)Keep pace with technological developments.B) Make new technologies affordable to everyone.C) Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.D) Popularize the use of new technologies and devicesPart IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For t如s part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2018年12月英语四级词汇练习及答案汇总1.This is what you should bear in mind：Don’t ________ a salary increase before you actually get it.A) hang on B) draw on C) wait on D) count on2.The ship’s generator broke down, and the pumps had to be operated ________ instead of mechanically.A) artificially B) automatically C) manually D) synthetically3.The little girl was so frightened that she just wouldn’t ________ her grip on my arm.A) loosen B) remove C) relieve D) dismiss 4.He never arrives on time and my ________ is that he feels the meetings are useless.A) preference B) conference C) inference D) reference5.Mrs. Smith was so ________ about everything that no servants could please her.A) specific B) special C) precise D) particularst night he saw two dark ________ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.A) features B) figures C) sketches D) images7.It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without ________.A) exception B) exclusion C) modification D) substitution8.His temper and personally show that he can become a soldier of the top ________.A) circle B) rank C) category D) grade9.During the lecture, the speaker occasionally ________ his point by relating his own experiences.A) illustrated B) hinted C) cited D) displayed10.Only those who can ________ to lose their money should make high-risk investments.A) maintain B) sustain C) endure D) afford第一题：hang on：紧抓不放,坚持;别挂断电话,等一等;余音缭绕,继续存在draw on：戴上,吸收,利用,引诱,向...提取,招来,临近，使用wait on：服侍,招待,拜访,焦急地等待count on：依赖,依靠,期待,指望第二题：artificially：ad. 人工地,人为地,不自然地automatically：ad. 自动地,机械地manually：ad.用手地;手工地synthetically：ad. 综合地,合成地第三题：loosen：vt. 解开,放松,松弛vi. 变松,松开remove：n. 阶级,升级,移动,搬家,距离vt. 移动,调动,除去,迁移,开除,移交vi. 迁移relieve：vt. 减轻,救济,解除,使免除,换…的班,调剂,使不单调,衬托,使显著vi. 救济dismiss：v. 解散,开除; v. 轻视，忽略第四题：preference：n. 偏爱,优先,优先权,优先的选择conference：n. 会议,讨论会inference：n. 推理,推论,推断,推测reference：n. 提及,涉及;参考,查阅;证明书,介绍信;关系,关联第五题：specific：n. 特效药,特性a. 特殊的,明确的,具有特效的,特定的,具体的special：n. 专辑,专车,特别的东西a. 特别的,专门的,特殊的,额外的,附加的,特亲密的precise：a. 精确的,严谨的,明白的particular：a. 特别的,特殊的,详细的,挑剔的,苛求的n. 细节,细目,详情第六题：feature：n. 特征,特色;面部特征,相貌;特写,特载v. 以…为特色;扮演重要角色figure：n. 体形,外形;数字;图形,插图;人物vt. 计算;估计,揣测vi. 计算,估计sketche：n. 略图,草图,草稿,素描,人物速写,传略v. 画草图,草拟image：n. 图象,形象,翻版vt. 作…的像,反映,想象,象征n. 图象,影像,肖像,想像第七题：exception：n. 例外,除外;反对,异议exclusion：n. 排斥,被排除在外的事物modification：n. 修正,修饰,修改substitution：n. 代理,替换,交换第八题：circle：n. 圆,圈,圆周;圈子,集团;周期,循环vi. 旋转vt. 环绕,阶层rank：n. 等级,排,横列,队伍,阶级,军衔a. 繁茂的,恶臭的,讨厌的,下流的vt. 排列,归类于category：n. 种类,类项; grade：n. 等级,年级,成绩,程度,坡度,斜坡vt. 分等,分级,评分vi. 属于某等级第九题：illustrate：vt. 举例说明,作图解,阐明vi. 举例hinte：n. 暗示;提示,线索v. 暗示cite：vt. 引用,引证,例证vt. 表彰、嘉奖display：n. 显示,陈列,炫耀vt. 显示,表现,夸示n. 显示器v. 显示第十题：maintain：vt. 维修,保养;维持,保持;坚持,主张;供养,扶养sustain：vt. 承受,支持,支撑,供养,继续,忍受,蒙受,证实,准许endure：vt. 忍受,忍耐;容忍vi. 持久,持续;忍受,忍耐afford：vt. 提供;花费,负担得起1.答案：D 参考译文：这就是你应该牢记在心的,在你实际得到它之前,就不要指望加薪. 题目分析：本题题干结构比较简单,只需注意题干中的what you should bear in mind为名词性从句. 考点解析：本题四个选项均为动词和介词on搭配构成的,主要考查四个词语意思的区别.本题的解题主要由句中的时间状语以及前文的逻辑判断应该选择含有指望,盼望意思的词语,所以正确答案为 D.2.答案：C 参考译文：该船的发电机发生故障,而且水泵发生了故障,必须手动操作来代替机械操作. 题目分析：本题题干结构比较简单. 考点解析：本题是标志词法解题的应用.分析题干后可以发现,根据标志词instead of可知所填入的词汇应该是与mechanically意思相反的词汇.而mechanically的意思为机械的意思,考察选项的四个副词,可以知道应该选择含有手工的意思的词语manually.3.答案：A 参考译文：这个小女孩太害怕了以至于她一直紧紧抓着我的胳膊. 题目分析：本题结构比较简单,只需注意固定搭配so...that... 考点解析：本题根据题目中上下文的frightened以及her grip on my arm,可知女孩是因为害怕而作出的一些举动,grip的意思为抓紧的意思,再根据选项前的wouldn't,可知应该选择含有放松意思的词语.考察选项的四个词汇,loosen是最合适的词语.4.答案：C 参考译文：他从来不按时到达,我的推断是他觉得会议是没用的. 题目分析：本题结构比较简单,只需注意my inference is that he feels the meetings are useless.为表语从句. 考点解析：本题的解题需要根据表语从句that he feels the meetings are useless,以及上文的内容,判断填入的名词.考察选项的四个词汇,表示推断意思的inference是最合适的.5.答案：D 参考译文：史密斯夫人对任何事都太苛刻了以至于没有服务能够令她满意. 题目分析：本题结构比较简单,只需注意固定搭配so...that... 考点解析：本题的解题需要根据结果状语从句that no servants could please her.以及about everything可以判断出填入的词语应该是表示史密斯夫人对于事物态度的词,并且意思应该为苛刻的,挑剔的,考察四个选项可知应该选择 D. 注意：本题考查的是particular的一个比较偏僻的意思,需要大家特别记忆一下.6.答案：B 参考译文：昨晚他看到两个黑影进入建筑,然后就有了爆炸. 题目分析：本题结构比较简单考点解析：根据题目的上下文分析可知,填入的词汇应该是含有人影意思的词语.考查选项的四个词汇,选项的四个词汇意思都比较广,注意到figure含有人物,图形的意思,可以引申为人影的意思,故应该选择B. 注意：在英语中,有些词汇有时候在特定语境下会引伸出一些意思,这一点在阅读中尤其常见.7.答案：A 参考译文：很显然这个新规定对于每一个人都无一例外的适用. 题目分析：本题结构比较简单,只需注意固定搭配it is obvious that...意思为很显然... 考点解析：在分析本题的题干后可以发现,所填入的词汇与without构成固定搭配,并且是对前面的everyone的补充说明.考察四个选项可知,without exception的意思为无一例外的,全部的,与题目所表达的意思相符,故选择 A.8.答案：B 参考译文：他的性情和个性表明他能够成为头等兵。
题目分析：本题结构比较简单考点解析：根据题目的上下文可以确定应该选择含有级别,等级意思的词语,所以首先排除选项中的A和C两个选项.下面主要是对童颜含有等级意思的rank和grade的辨析,rank主要是特指官级、官方地位或等级,例如the rank of sergeant 中士职位,而grade是特指某种物品的等级,例如：grade A意思为A等品.9.答案：A 参考译文：讲座期间,发言者偶尔用他自己的有关经历来阐明他的论点. 题目分析：本题结构比较简单考点解析：分析题目后,根据文中的相关词his point以及方式状语by relating his own experiences,可知应该选择含有阐述,阐明意思的illustrate.选项的四个词汇都是四级考试中常考到的词语,一定要准确的记忆他们的意思.10.答案：D 参考译文：只有那些能够承担得起他们的钱的损失的人才能做高风险投资. 题目分析：本题结构比较简单,只需注意定语从句who can afford to lose their money,其先行词为those. 考点解析：分析题目后,根据lose their money,以及空格后面的介词to可知正确答案应该可以和to搭配,并且符合题目的意思.考察四个选项后可知应该选择D,afford to的意思为买)得起(某物).来源无忧考网：https:// 原文地址：https:///show/9083773.html。