最新译林版五年级(上册)英语语法知识点.docx

译林版五年级 ( 上册 ) 英语语法知识点一、注意名词单复数：1、可数名复数用于：①How many后面；②some/any/many/a lot of/ two, three⋯后面；③t hese/those 后面④all the后面；⑤between后面跟一种物体,个物体用复数⑥l ike 后面⑦a re 前面的人称和名用复数 : we/they/the children2、名复数的化：1）一般直接 +s：bears,students,2）以 s. x. sh. ch尾,加es：bus-buses, box-boxes,3）以“ 音字母 +y” 尾 , 把 y i,再加ies：library —libraries hobby---hobbies story---stories4)不名复数 :man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen, foot-feet, Child-children3、不可数名 : water, soup, milk, juice, tea, coffee, bread( 面包 ), rice( 米 ), hair 等等 .二、注意一般在的第三人称数；( 注：所有否定句、疑句中,都用原形 .)( 俗称：三单 )1、肯定句中哪些情况下用第三人称单数：1）人称代词he, she, it作主语时；2）单个人名、地名或称呼作主语时；3）单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时；4）不可数名词作主语时；5、当数字或字母作主语时, 等等 .2、动词第三人称单数变化规则如下：1)一般情况下 , 动词后面直接加 s. 如： works / plays/ reads2)以 s. x. sh. ch或o结尾的动词,在后面加es.例:teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes3) 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的动词 ,把y变为i,再加es.例： study- studies fly-flies carry-carries4）不规则动词的第三人称单数：have—has；be—is三、人称代词、名词所有格及序数词单数复数一二三一二三主格I you he she It we you they 宾格me you him her It us you them 物主my your his her Its our your their代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的1、主格用来作句中的主语, 用于动词前面 .例： They are doctors.2、宾格用来作句中的宾语 , 放在动词或介词的后面. 本册书上出现的词组：in front of her show her around push me teach you What’s wrong with him?write him a letterHere’s a Christmas card for you. Let me⋯.chat with them on the Internet give it a cake3、形容词性物主代词 +名词形容词性物主代词 , 之所以叫它们形容词是因为他们必须放在名词前面 . 4、名词所有格作形容词性 , 表示所属关系；在人名或称呼后加’s , 以 s 结尾的 , 直接加’ . 如： mother ’s, parent s’5、序数词 first---second---third---fourth1) 序数词一般要与 the 连用; 2）在某一层楼用介词 on.四、选择和用所给词适当形式填空1、哪些情况加动词原形（注：有to时,to跟后面的动词原形放在同一空格）1） want to +动词原形2）would like to +动词原形 3 ）it ’ s time to +动词原形4）情态动词 can+动词原形 5 ）助动词（do, does , don’t, doesn’t ）+动词原形6）let+ 动词原形7）祈使句中动词用原形( 如Do your homework, please.)8）否定句在句首加Don’t (如Don’t do your homework, please)+动词原形2、哪些情况加动词ing1）like 2）go 3）be good at 4）be 5)后面跟名词,如swimming lesson动词 +ing 变化规则如下 :A、直接加上 ing: draw-drawing play-playing read-readingB 、以不发音的 e 结尾 , 去 e 加上 ing skate-skatingmake-making dance-dancingC、以重读闭音节结尾的单词要双写尾字母, 再加上 ing从单词的末尾开始往前数符合“辅音- 元音 - 辅音”结构的 .（注：词尾是 w和 y 的除外 , 如： drawing, playing等除外）;run-running sit-sitting put-puttingchat-chattingget-getting swim-swimming stop-stoppingshop-shopping3．形容加名（形名）如: a beautiful girl4．加副（副）如: swim well5．Some和 any 用法 :“some”一般用于肯定句 , “any”用于否定句和疑句 . 但在一些表示委婉求 , 想得到方肯定回答也用“ some”.( 小技巧：末尾是句号 , 句中是 any, 那句型是否定句 )6．There be 构就近原 , be 的取决于跟在后面的名数量.如： There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.7．器前加 the,球前不加the.如：play the piano, play football8.Who 当作特殊的第三人称数 (Who sing s well? )9.一般在构成： 1) 主 +be(am,is,are)+ 其它 . 2)主 +行 +其它 . 关：always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, every⋯( 注：主第三人称数, 加 s, es或音+y , 把 y i 再加 es；其他时候动词用原形 )10.在行关：look, listen, now( 注：be(is am are) +ing,两者缺一不可)11.and 前后一致 .指当句子中有两个或两个以上的共用同一个主, 一般的保持一致.She often go es fishing and take s photos. Let’s go and have some chicken.12、相同意思不同用法的辨析：1）有； there is/are和have/hasthere is/are表示在某地有某物（或某人）；表示存在；there be 就近原；have/has 表示某人有某物；表示所属关系；前面必有主.2）也； too-either-alsotoo用于肯定句和疑句句末；either用于否定句句末；also用于句中. 3）都； both-allboth 用于两者都； all用于三者及以上都.4）好； good-wellgood+名；+well .5) 和； with-andwith 是介 , 意思是“和⋯⋯一起” , 后面跟名或代的格.and 是 , 意思是“和” ,用and接两个数名或代作主,用复数 .五、句型①同句：1. It ’s time for sth=It ’s time to do sth.是⋯了（注：for后面跟名；to 后面跟原形）It ’s time for dinner.=It’s time to have dinner.2.What time is it?=What’s the time?几点呢？3.There is(are) no ⋯(s) ⋯=There isn ’t / aren ’t any ⋯没有⋯4.have no⋯= don ’t have （any）没有⋯They have no legs or arms. =They don’t have any legs or arms.5.has no = doesn ’t have （any）没有⋯6.I like picnics. = I like having picnics.{ 注：like 后面跟名复数或名（+ing）}7.show sth ( 某物 ) to sb(某人 ) = show sb ( 某物 ) sth( 某人 )向⋯展示⋯西8.give sth( 某物 ) to sb(某人 )=give sb (某物 ) sth( 某人 )⋯人⋯西9.What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is!多么可的啊10.That is Jan’s umbrella.= That umbrella is Jan’s.那是杰的伞11.What’s wrong with him? = What’s the matter with him?他怎么了？②否定句1、有 be 动词（ am, is ,are ）,be 后直接加 not (am not/ is not=isn ’t/ are not =aren’t);2、有 can,can 后直接加 not (can not=can’t);3、只有动词 , 在动词原形前加don’t ；三单动词前加doesn’t,动词变回原形 .He does his homework. （改成否定句） He doesn’t do his homework.③一般疑问句 :用Yes或No回答的句子1、有 be 动词 ,be 动词提前；2、有 can 或 would,can 或 would 提前；3、只有动词 , 句首加 Do/ Does,动词用原形；注意： I ’m变 Are you ; some变any; my变your; and变or .④特殊疑问句：有特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句There be 句型提问：1、对数量提问：1）How many +名词复数 + are there +介词短语？（注：对 there be 后面可数名词的数量提问时, 无论主语是单数还是复数, 都用复数形式提问）例: There are 24 classrooms in our school? / There is only one classroom in our school? (对划线部分提问)How many classrooms are there in our school?（注：上面两句提问,都是这句子）2）How much +不可数名词 + is there +介词短语？例: There is somemilk in the glass. (对划线部分提问)How much milk is there in the glass?2、对主语提问there be针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What’s +介词短语？（注：对there be后面的主语提问时, 无论主语是单数还是复数, 都用What’s 提问）例： There are six books on the desk. / There is a book on the desk. ( 对划线部分提问 )What’s on the desk?（注：上面两句提问,都是这句子）⑤感叹句的结构：感叹句常用how或 what 来引导（1）what 引导的感叹句 , 最终修饰的是名词（2）how引导的感叹句 , 最终修饰的是形容词 / 副词What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is!多么可爱的蚂蚁啊！对划线提问 , 疑问词：What 问什么； What colour问颜色；What time问具体时间（如几点钟）；when 问范围广的时间； where问在哪里；How old问年龄；how many问数量( 可数名词 )；how much 1）问数量（不可数名词） ,2 ）问价钱； how about 问怎样；who 问谁（人）； whose 问谁的东西（问主人）；同音词：B—be—bee,C—see—sea,R—are,T—tea,U—you,Y—why, I-eye,too-two-to,four —for,here —hear,there —their, right—write,sun—son,no—know, pair —pear,it ’s—its, buy—by—bye,hi —high,wear—where,aren ’t —aunt, who’s—whose,近义词 ( 或同义词 ) ：Many—lots of —a lot of,desk—table,like —love, tall—high near—beside,too —also,listen—hear,look —see,class —lesson, glass —cup, home — house, beautiful—pretty, usually—often,hi —hello, speak—say—talk, river—lake,would like—want, go home—反义词 ( 或对应词 ) ：yes—no,this —that,these —those,here —there,go—— close, big —small, fat—thin, tall—short, long —short, black—white, happy—sad, hot—cold, cool—warm,soft—hard, on—under, in front of —behind,in —out,boy—girl,man—woman, wrong—right,down—up,sit —stand,easy—difficult,take off( 脱下 )—put on( 穿上 )完整形式：I ’m—I am, we’re —we are,you’re —you are,he’s—he is, it’s—it is,there ’s—there is,isn ’t —is not who’s—who is, Let ’s—let us, I’d—I would,can’t —can not,don’t —do not,doesn’t —does not特殊的名词复数：man—men,woman—women,policeman —policemen,child —children, foot—feet,fish —fish, people—people, Chinese-Chinese三单动词变化：特殊的： do---does ； go--goes ； have--has ；teach —teaches ； watch--watches； wash--washes;push--pushes ；brush--brushes; catch--catches；study -- studies；fly--flies；其余的直接加 s.动词变名词 :A. 一般情况下在动词后面直接加er.teach-teacher , work—worker, play—player, sing—singer, find —finderB. 以 e 结尾的动词直接加r.write —writer, drive—driver,—dance—dancerC.符合重读闭音节的动词 , 先双写最后一个字母 , 再加 er.run —runner, begin—beginner, swim—swimmerD. 部分单词在词尾加or.visit—visitor, act—actorE. 本身既是动词又是名词.cook—cook, doctor—doctorCulture板块: U1, U2, U3, U5, U6, U7.1). U1: Coffee is popular in Western countries.Tea is popularin China.咖啡在西方国家受欢迎 .茶在中国受欢迎. 2). U2: In the UK, this is the ground floor.In the US, this is the first floor.在英国 , 这是一楼 .在美国,这是一楼. 3). U3: You can see pandas in China.You can see baldeagles in the US.你在中国可以看到熊猫 .你在美国能看到秃鹰.You can see polar bears in Canada.You can see kangaroos in Australia.你在加拿大能看到北极熊.你在澳大利亚能看到袋鼠.4). U5:In the US, we call a policeman a“cop”. In the UK, we call a firefighter a“fireman”.在美国 , 我们称呼警察为cop.在英国,我们称呼消防队员为 fireman.5). U6: We write Chinese addresses like this.我们这样书写中文地址 .（国名—地名—人名 , 由大到小）We write English addresses like this.我们这样书写英文地址.（人名—地名—国名 , 由小到大）6). U7: Basketball is very popular in the US. Football is very popular in the UK.篮球在美国很受欢迎 .足球在英国很受欢迎.Table tennis is very popular in China.乒乓球在中国很受欢迎 .看国旗写国家名 : (U6)UK Australia ChinaCanada____USSound time:U1:U2:U3:U4: U5:U6:U7:U8: U4 Song time:U8 Song time:。