2010年---2020年考研英语真题(卷二)全部写作示范
2010年---2020年考研英语真题（卷二）全部写作示范作文需要审题，构思，写作三个环节。
如希望得到高分数，避免模板写作（含模板句，模板段落，或模板文章结构），应该学习自己创造，实际上，创造性写作，更能拓展思维，表达更自然，内容更深刻，更容易学习。
2020考研英语（卷二）作文Part A46.Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students. Write an email to1)tell them about the site,and2)give them some tips for the tourPlease write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Dear all of the international students,I am Li Ming,writing the email to inform you the touring schedule for Royal Palace of Museum,also with the name of Forbidden City,located in the centre of Beijing.The relic attraction was the palace of two empire Dynasties of Qing and Ming lasting around 500years,as the largest existing ancient royal constructions awarded world cultural heritage, where you can see large collections of precious rare antiques.There you will be immersed in Chinese ancient cultural surroundings.For a better enjoyment,you are advised to take snacks together with bottled water since the historical site is so large that the touring will take us a whole day,and I believe you will be miser to spend time in restaurant because appreciating the site more worthwhile.Remember to take your camera and an umbrella to prevent sunburn.However,mind the areas with the warnings of No Picture.What’s more,take your passport with you for check in.Before the entrance,you can rent digital guide device with diversity of language options,which can automatically narrate every specific scene you approach in details.I will be expecting to see you all at north side corner to the main entrance of Tian-an-men by 8sharp for gathering and departure,when I am raising a blue flag with our school logo.I am looking forward to seeing you there.Yours,Li Ming2020年考研真题英语卷二图表作文48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The pie chart above reveals percentages of categories of study,time killing,surfing for information,and others spent on reading function of smart phone surveyed in some university, among which smart phone reading occupies the largest proportion of59%.The following percentages range from large to small are time killing of20.5%,surfing for information of17%, and others of2%respectively.The survey is satisfactory,since it is necessary to share most of time with study,the most significant mission as graduates.Time killing consumed as the second in the surveyed categories proves that university students encounter pretty high pressure by turning to mobile phone readingfor relief.Since university is the stage for bridging between academic accumulation and profession,it is not surprising for the graduates to spend17%of mobile phone reading on surfing information.They are doing their preparation to fit in career future by absorbing the related message.2%is seemingly minor but it can be assumed that the proportion is spent on communication,proving that the graduates are not very social.2019年考研英语（卷二）作文Part A47.Directions:Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic.Write him an email to1)suggest a specific topic with your reasons,and2)tell him about your arrangements.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Dear Professor Smith,Thank you very much for your trust in me for the task and now I am writing the email to respond your assignment about my proposing the theme and general arrangement for the debate on city traffic.I think we can decide Resolutions to Relieve City Traffic Jam as the theme for the debate. You see,city traffic jam is a great headache and with private cars increasing the problem is more serious.Even the City Council is seeking proposals from citizens on the official website.So we can form a report based on our debate to suggest effective solutions for the city traffic management.Besides,I believe the topic can inspire the passion for deeper debate since it is comparatively convenient for the students to collect relative data,and to investigate references for the debate,since there are so many reliable sources available on the net.For the general procedure,we can arrange group debate and final debate.For group debate, we set such sub-topics as subway transportation,city bus system,reserved shuttle buses,privatecars,and even shared bicycles and taxi,each of which will be debated for a solution to city traffic jam.Those who perform best will be go into final for overall debate.We may arrange the debate on this Friday.If the proposal is approved,I will make a procedure in details for the debate.I am looking forward to your response.(238words)Yours,Li MingPart B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计The bar chart compares the percentages of graduates of landing employment,furthering education,and launching self-employment business after their university bachelor degree graduation in the year2013and the year2018.Among the three censuses,landing employment occupies the highest,68.1%,60%,in the years2013and2018respectively.Furthering education ranks the second in percentages,26.3%in2013and34%unching self-employment business is the least proportion among the three surveyed items,1.3%in2013and2.6%in2018.The statistics can reveal that seeking for jobs as the most of graduates’choices,proving the work market still can provides a lot of vacancies to graduates.However,the percentage of furthering education is also comparatively large,confirming the fact that the job positions and salaries can not meet content with many graduates,who would rather endeavour for higherdegrees in their majors for job positions in their satisfaction later on.The percentage of graduates going into their own business is small,which is the evidence of potential risks blocking more students to take the option.From the chart,we can see the trend in the years2013and2018based on the investigated items.That the percentage of landing employment in2018is7.4%lower than that in2013,the percentage of furthering education in2018is17.7%higher than that in2013,and the percentage of launching self-employment business doubles1.3%in2013as2.6%in2018obviously inform us that the job market is becoming more competitive,challenging students to turn to other options except employment after university graduation.(262words)2018考研英语（卷二）写作47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1)Apologize and explain the situation,and2)Suggest a future meetingYou should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter,use“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Dear Professor Smith,Thank you very much for sparing your precious time to meet me to discuss my research paper,but now I am writing the email to deliver my sincere apology for canceling my travel plan to reach the appointment at14:00,Tuesday.I hope you will understand my situation.I got soar throat this morning and went to doctor’s for a diagnose but I was informed that I was infected with a kind of influenza.The matter is that the doctor warns me that the flu is strongly infectious,strongly suggesting me stopping close physical contact to avoid possible infection of the disease to other people until four days later when I am predicted I will be cured for such a case.So I cannot travel to your city to see you at due time.However,I appreciate my privilege granted to discuss with you on my so important paper,so I would like to change our appointment for the discussion to the following Friday,at14:00,eight days away from now,hoping you are available.I would like to drive there to meet you.I am sorry for any inconvenience caused and I am looking forward to your approval response at your earliest convenience.（205words）Yours faithfully,Li MingPart B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The pie chart illustrates proportions in percentages of causes of consumers’choosing restaurants ranging from large to small,specific features36.3%,service26.8%,environment 23.8%,price8.4%,others4.7%,surveyed in2017.The chart shows the preference of customers to choosing restaurants.The data provides a kind of direction where restaurants should focus to attract eaters to their service,making more profit.Traditionally thought,delicious foods dominate the success of restaurant.However,The reality proves that restaurant have to do more than that.That tasty is with unique flavor can only occupy36.3%,which lead to restaurants to work harder for more consumers.Another apparent evidence explains customers visiting restaurants are for enjoyment other than eating,since the elements of environment and service together dominate more than half the causes of choosing restaurants,50.6%.From the survey,we can see that consumers do not care much about price,so cosy restaurants with better flavor can earn much money.The percentage4.7%is so minor so the bosses of restaurant can neglect them if involves large investment to improve them.(180words)2017考研英语(卷二）作文Part A51Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students.Write a reply to1）Accept the invitation,and2）Introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write about100words on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Dear Professor Williams,Thank you very much for giving me the chance of presentation about Chinese culture to international students.I feel so honored and now am busy preparing for it,hoping they will like it.The presentation is intended to be themed with Calligraphy and Chinese Paintings,which I hope will contribute their study in the areas.The sub-title of calligraphy will cover introducing popular styles of handwriting with video and PPT demonstration.And Chinese Painting will focus on illustration of contemporary masters and their great pieces.Besides,I will teach the essential selecting skills of Chinese brush,ink or ink stick,paper,stone ink vessel and the like.So thepresentation will deliver fundamental knowledge of Chinese writing and painting.I would like to hear from your suggestions for alter if there is any necessary.I am looking forward to your response at your earliest convenience.(145words)Yours,Li MingPart B52.Directions:Write your essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)Interpret the chart,and2)Give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The line chart illustrates the statistics in numbers of museums and relative visitors in the years of2013,2014,and2015.The trend is very obviously and steadily upward with the numbersof4165museums,637,800,000visitors in2013,4510museums,717,700,000visitors in2014,and 4692museums,781,100,000visitors in2015respectively.We can make inference that the well-being sensation of Chinese people is gradually more intensive with time progress.Based on the survey,we can see the fact that with development of prosperous economy of China,governments construct more museums for cultural entertainment for Chinese people.Meanwhile,the increasing number of museums proves that Chinese people pay more attention to mental enjoyment when essential material needs for survival are well reached.The statistics is significant,providing the following evidence.Economy of the nation is in good stability since Chinese people turn to psychological satisfaction by visiting museums. Cultural civilization is progressing,which is crucial for a modern powerful country,because we can notice that physical satisfaction is not concern to China according to the survey inferred. (178words)2016考研英语(卷二）作文Part A47.Directions:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend,Jack,wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation.Write him a reply to1)thank him,and2)give your advice.You should write about100words on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10point)Dear Jack,Thank you very much for your congratulation email on my lucky being awarded for winning a translation contest.Now I am responding you with my advice on translation between Chinese and English languages.Firstly,researching sentences structures of both Chinese and English is crucial forgrasping the precise meaning of the languages.Meanwhile compare subtle similarities and differences of the languages,so that you can do the translation more smoothly.Secondly,Reading essays of cultures of the languages is necessary for accumulating your knowledge to deeper understanding the languages,especially philosophy information,making your translation reliable. Lastly,you need to enrich your vocabulary.However,do not go fast for this section.When you encounter a word you decide to research,you must turn to many example sentences for sourcing its correct usage to make your wording in translation perfect.That’s all for my general suggestion for your translation and I am looking forward to your great progress in both languages.Yours,Li MingPart B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.You should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points).The pie chart themed with Survey in a University of Destinations of Student Touring shows that respective percentages of touring destinations,among which appreciating scenery occupies 37%,relieving from pressure ranges as the second place,33%,making more friends takes thefollowing order as9%,developing capacity of independence is6%,and others are15%shown in the chart.The investigation is of significance in the following.It is a pleasure to notice that37%student tourists regard tourism as pure enjoyment.However 33%students are burdened with academic missions,so they need tour as fresh experience to escape temporarily from academic tension.Due to university as bridge to society starting career,it is not surprising to see9%students touring for making more friends.They are in early adult stage, desiring social life.6%is not large proportion but cannot be neglected since independence is very important.The remaining others15%involve in diversity of factors so they are not very typical influential.(164words)2015考研英语(卷二）作文47.Directions:Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students.Write a notice to(1)briefly introduce the camp activities,and(2)call for volunteersYou should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address.(10points)NoticeOur University schedules to launch a15-day Summer Camp starting July25--August8,for entertaining campers of high school students.This is also to inform volunteer recruitment for the camp.After the opening ceremony on the first day,campers will be divided in groups based on camper desire to join one of our university projects:philosophy,literature,biology,chemistry, physics,computer,maths,geography,and archaeology.Campers will be assigned missions for research team.Meanwhile a series of debates,seminars and demonstrations will be arranged.Now the camp committee needs30volunteers in total in the related majors above during the session,assisting daily routine for the camp.All of the university students are welcome to registeras volunteer by filling the form linked on the homepage of our university official website by22:00 June26.Successful application will get our response by July1.We are looking forward to a successful camp.(153words)Office,University48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,your should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The pie chart illustrates expenditures in percentages by residents of a city in China during spring festival holiday.Paying for gifts for Chinese New Year occupies40%of all.The following three investigated items including traffic,gathering for dinner,and others account for very even 20%respectively.The survey proves that spring festival as the most important festival in China is mainly celebrated by social activities.First of all,residents spend the largest fraction for presents, showing that gift-giving is significant when expressing greetings among families members, relatives and friends.20%of expenditures on traffic is in fact comparatively large fraction, meaning that residents definitely travel to outside of their cities for spring festival celebration. Residents would like to spend20%for dinner gathering,showing residents value friendship verymuch.Even though we don’t know the specific spending of the20%of the expenditures,we can infer that it will be mostly spent on entertainment.(157words)2014考研英语（卷二）作文47.Directions:Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John,a local student,write him an email to1)Tell him about your living habits,and2)Ask for advice about living thereYou should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Dear John,I am Li Ming,a Chinese student,having been enrolled to a university in your country.I am very happy to learn that I will share an apartment with you.I hope my following habits will not disturb you.Normally,I get up at six and then prepare breakfast.I go to bed at around22:30.I plan to do supper on weekdays mostly and all the three meals on weekends.I would like to cook Chinese cuisine.My laundry will be scheduled on weekends.Occasionally,my couple of friends visit me for party which will be in the evenings of weekends and I will inform you in advance and invite you for participation.Of course,my schedule can be altered based on our negotiation.Can you do me favor for you to collection information and give some advice for living there?I need mobile phone,wifi service there,and the city transportation payment policy.You are welcome to suggest me about anything I need to follow but failed to mention in the email.I am looking forward to meeting you.(181words)Yours,Li Ming Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The column chart illustrates the population statistics in urban and rural areas in China in the years of1990,2000,and2010respectively.There are sharp increase for urban population in the three survey years:300m,450m,and670m and slow decrease for rural population in the three survey years:820m,800m,and680m.For closer observation,we can see that the total population of China remain very subtle increase,leading us a conclusion that the sharp population increase in urban area is due to immigration from the rural area.So urbanization is the mainstream of the population structure. Urban area can offer much better living environment with much more chances for career,which is great attraction for people in rural area to move to city for settlement.However,the labour in rural area is mainly physical related,much lower rewarding.Thus the population structure can prove it. Besides,we can infer that population control policy is very effective since overall increase is trivial.(162words)2013考研英语(卷二)作文Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help.Write your classmates an email to1)inform them about the details,and2)encourage them to participate.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Dear classmates,I am the organizer for our class charity sale to be held in our class this Saturday afternoon, now writing the email to inform the following arrangement.For assisting the kids of friendship school,I have schemed the procedures of the charity sale based on our decision in our last class meeting.All your donations for auction need to reach our class by11:00AM this Saturday with your intended price on a tag.The auction will start at14:00 and is prospected to last for2hours.All the students of our class are welcome to participate the donation and auction,and the money raised will go into the account of friendship school for reference books to the library.I am looking forward to seeing you all this Saturday.Yours,Li MingPart B48.Directions:write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET(150words).The column chart reveals percentages of university students in grade one,two,three and four respectively who are employed as part-timers.We can see that large fraction of students keep part-time jobs,to be specific,67.77%for grade one,71.13%for grade two,71.93%for grade three, and88.24%for grade four.University is a bridge between academic accumulation and career,which is quite apparent explanation for the large fraction of students working as part-timers.They desire to get internship, preparing for landing their profession.Percentages of students working in grade one,two and three remain pretty stable,to be specific,very trivial increase,showing that the attitude for majority of students to take part time work is very firmed.However,in graduate year,there exists rather sharp increase of16.31%from previous grade three.So there is urgent need for the students to get some work experience,which is fundamental for profession settlement.(153words)2012年考研英语(卷二)作文Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day.Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about100words on ANSERE SHEET2Do not sign your own name at the end of the e"Zhang Wei"instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Dear manager,I am your customer who bought an electronic dictionary from an online store manufactured by your company,but unfortunately a week later the screen of the dictionary was blackened for no reason.I believe the matter is so serious that I have to make the complaint to your product.Black screen shows that your product is with fatal design fault instead of accidental cause, which I believe exits in other products of the series.So I am seeking for compensation based on the postage is for your account.In the attachment of the email you may find my account for your consumer department to transfer my money back,together with a copy of certificate which one of your service centres in my city made to prove your product fault.Still,I hope your other products enjoy great reputation but this series does have quality problem.Yours,Zhang Wei48.Direction:Write an essay based on the following table.In your writing,you should1)describe the table,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least150words.You should write your essay on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查The table surveys the work satisfaction of staff of a company about satisfaction,uncertainty, and dissatisfaction in age groups in percentages.Staff aged40and under show16.7%,50.0%,and 33.3%in the order of investigated items of satisfaction,uncertainty,and dissatisfaction.Staff aged 41--50express their work satisfaction as0.0%,36.0%and33.3%in the same order above.And Staff aged over50illustrate40.0%,50.0%,and10.0%respectively.We can obviously see that staff aged over50enjoy the most work satisfaction among the three groups,based on which we can conclude that the experienced senior staff are valued in the company.Staff aged41--50are the least satisfied among the three group about their work.I believe this is a dangerous indicator,since this age group are both pretty experienced and energetic and should be most productive.Staff aged40and under are the most energetic and should be very devoted into work since they are in their early stage of their profession,but the percentages are not very encouraging.The company should take some measures to improve working environment to improve work satisfaction.(187words)2011年考研英语（卷二）作文Part A48.Directions:Suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admitted to a university.Write him/her a letter to:(1)Congratulate him/her,and(2)Give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use“Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Dear Li Ming,I would like to share your happiness for your being admitted to your dream university.I congratulate you on your efforts paying off.I believe your diligence will pave you smooth way to your future ambition.However,I would like to remind you of the following for you to observe so that you can make more achievements.It is suitable for you to live in dormitory on campus but not home stay，to spare more time for attending university activities.You will have so many chances for signing up associations and clubs,but I strongly advise you to register the ones beneficial to your courses in major.You may start to seek for part-timer vacancy or volunteer job which is good for landing your future profession.I am looking forward to your frequent emails.Yours,Zhang WeiPart B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write at least150words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET2(15points)The bar chart surveys the market shares of Chinese cars,Japaneses cars and American Cars are26%,35%,and12%respectively in2008,and32%,25%,and13%respectively in2009.Chinese cars,the only one of the three enjoys significant increase from26%in2008to32% in2009,proving the quality,service,and price are reliable or reasonable to Chinese customers.Of course there is possibility for the marketing strategy is more effective that the other two.Japanesecars experienced the only decrease among the three,but still positions as the second place,whose market share is almost twice as American’s.We can see that Chinese cars and Japanese cars are dominating market of China,and Chinese cars are more promising.However,Japanese cars in fact enjoy world fame so it is hard to predict the trend based on the only data of years investigation. American cars are in fact stable in their performance in market share.The figure tells us they need better marketing for car promotion if they want to increase selling in China.(178words)2010年考研英语(卷二)作文Part A47.Directions:You have just come back from the U.S.as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program.Write a letter to your American colleague to1)Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2)Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use“Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Dear friend,I am writing the letter to express my sincere gratitude for your considerate reception to my smooth fulfilling the Sino-American cultural exchange program as one of the members.I could feel the warmth like home upon my arrival at the States and getting out of exit of airport instantly meeting you to pick me up.Besides,the entertainment is of excellence in every detail.Moreover,during the process of the programme,I am so lucky we were on a research team, handling every academic task with your good teamwork,making me harvest a lot.So I can not resist my delight to invite you again to visit China by taking the liberty of writing the letter.I will prepare my helping you very well in China,hoping you a very happy journey in the following summer vacation as we agreed on when I was in the States with you.Please send my regards to your family and I am looking forward to meeting you again in China.(161words)Yours,。
2010年考研专业学位统考英语二写作真题、范文及解析
2010年考研专业学位统考英语二写作真题、范文及解析真题ONEYou have just come back from the U.S.A as a member of Sino-American Culture exchange program.Please write a letter to your American collengue .(Your name is ZhangWei)1. Express your thanks to his/her warm reception.2.Welcome to visit CHINA in due course.TWOInterpret the chart and give your comments.Mobile-phone Subscriptions范文ONEDear **:I am writing you this letter to express my gratitude first for you kindness and hospitality towards me. during my visit of sino-american cultural exchange in your country, i’ve learned a lot about your people’scustom and speical culture. your help and guidance is so important for me.I’m now quite interested in american culture a nd hope to further know it in the future. as the world globalination developes, i think this is of great significance for both of us. the other thing is that i’d like to ask you to have a visit in china in due course. then i can have the opportunity to welcome you back and show you something about our chinese culture. hope you can come soon!your sincerelyzhangweiTWOThe Rapid IncreaseingThe mobilephone subscriptions above shows a striking contrast between those developing countries and developed countries. in 2001 to 2002, the condition people in two groups use mobilephone is nearly the same, maybe a little gap.But with the passage of time, more and more people in developing countries use mobile phone, while those in developed countries lag behind.until 2008, there are 4 billion mobilephone users in developing countries, 3 times more than that of 1 billion of developed countries.As far as I am concerned, this seemed to be interesting phenomenon, I personally owe it to 2 reasons.On one hand,the overall economic status in developed countries is much superior to that in developing countries in the past,which leaded to the large gap in telecommunication industry between two groups of countries. However, with the rapid increase in economy happening in the developing countries especially in China the telecommunication industry in those countries got a great bound to meet the demand of globalization. As a result the user of mobile phone which can narrow the distance between people and link the whole world together rised at a incredible speed.On the other hand,the extremely advanced civilization of developed countries means less potential in many aspects including in the area of private telecommuicational tools and their demande for further enlargement of such tools trend to saturation. Maybe that is the reason why the number of the user of mobile phone in the developed countries keep nearly the same,even though a little increase.To sum up, mobile phone is convenient for international communication and our lives and gradually become the essential stuffs. At the same time when we keep using it, we should also broaden our eyes to focus on its two contrary sides ,positive and negative,maybe the convenience for communication and the damage to environment and health. Let’s take care of both sides of it and make the use of mobile phone the welfare of the human beings.解析今年大纲有一定的改变，作文题的分数可以说是增加了，但是其实题型都是没有改变太多，都是大家很熟悉的题型，第一篇不出所料应用文，第二篇是图表作文。
2010年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。
首段和第二段简述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。
第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。
第四段和第五段以墨西哥及美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。
第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。
二、试题解析1.【答案】D【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”，根据declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选D 项designated“命名，制定”，而不是C 项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。
2．【答案】C【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。
本句的理解应该抓住alert、meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是meeting（“日内瓦专家会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即meeting 使得alert 升级。
根据上述分析可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting的召开。
而C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting，meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。
而A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑用在此处都不合适。
3．【答案】B【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia，所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。
考研英语二历年真题作文范文(热门5篇)
考研英语二历年真题作文范文第1篇47、Directions：Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith, write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation and suggest a future meeting.2)You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name; Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address(10points).Dear Professor Smith，How have you been recently? I am exceedingly sorry to tell you that although I have promised to visit you this Friday, I have to cancel my travel plan because of the following reason.Two days ago, I suddenly accepted the notice that there would be an academic meeting this Friday night in our department and everyone was asked to attend. I know that my changing plan has definitely caused some inconvenience to you. I am so sorry for my failing to keep the promise of visiting you. Therefore, in order to make up this situation, I wonder if you could give me another chance and spare some time to meet me next Monday.I am so sorry for any inconvenience caused by me. Hope you can accept my apology and arrange a new time for me to visit you. I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li Ming考研英语二历年真题作文范文第2篇Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a greattime. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are b oring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance th e intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”―perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby ora passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring【答案】[C] warning2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty【答案】[A] inequality3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction【答案】[D] prediction4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured【答案】[A] characterized5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom【答案】[B] meaning6.[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless【答案】[B] Indeed7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated【答案】[C] working8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute【答案】[A] explanation9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among【答案】[D] among10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside【答案】[C] worry about11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 【答案】[C] necessarily12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles【答案】[B] downsides13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course【答案】[A] absence14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield【答案】[D] yield15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship【答案】[C] virtue16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce【答案】[D] scarce17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats【答案】[A] demands18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved【答案】[B] tired19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into【答案】[D] into20.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal 【答案】[B] professionalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times rang e from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, byn early 2 million in the run―up to ―but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there i s a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods―making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival【答案】[A] gained great popularity22. The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to .[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools【答案】[B] promote sport participation23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers【答案】[C] does not emphasize elitism24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities【答案】[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympathetic【答案】[B] criticalText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if t hose faces are blank and unresponsive―as they often are when absorbed in a device―it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exqu isitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it―particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency【答案】[B] absorb user attention27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attention[C] slows down babies’ verbal development[D] reduces mother-child communication【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentive【答案】[A] give their parents some free timeText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completelyoverlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going t o school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the social ly perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits―in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes―all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】[C] it feels strange to do differently from others32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A] adaptation考研英语二历年真题作文范文第3篇(1)背单词：一定要重视^v^背明白^v^单词。
考研英语二2010-2020年考研英语真题及解析
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic __1__ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert __2__ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising __3__ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "__4__" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, __5__ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the __6__ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global __7__ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths __8__ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to __9__ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade__10__ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was __11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the __12__ tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has __13__ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials __14__ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began __15__ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is __16__ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October, 2009, though most of those __17__ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not __18__ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other __19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people __20__ infants and healthy young people.1.[A] criticized[B]appointed[C]commented[D]designated2.[A] proceeded[B]activated[C]followed[D]prompted3.[A] digits[B]numbers[C]amounts[D]sums4.[A] moderate[B]normal[C]unusual[D]extreme5.[A] with[B]in[C]from[D]by6.[A] progress[B]absence[C]presence[D]favor7.[A] reality[B]phenomenon[C]concept[D]notice8.[A] over[B]for[C]among[D]to9.[A] stay up[B]crop up[C]fill up[D]cover up10.[A] as[B]if[C]unless[D]until11.[A] excessive[B]enormous[C]significant[D]magnificent12.[A] categories[B]examples[C]patterns[D]samples13.[A] imparted[B]immersed[C]injected[D]infected14.[A] released[B]relayed[C]relieved[D]remained15.[A] placing[B]delivering[C]taking[D]giving16.[A] feasible[B]available[C]reliable[D]applicable17.[A] prevalent[B]principal[C]innovative[D]initial18.[A] presented[B]restricted[C]recommended[D]introduced19.[A] problems[B]issues[C]agonies[D]sufferings20.[A] involved in[B]caring for[C]concerned with[D]warding offSection ⅡReading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th, 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became dee ply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chie f executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first p aragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____.A.the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____.A.collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB.people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The art market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _______.A.auction houses' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be _______A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText 2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening, one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening, I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc withmarriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead, they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found, as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D.Sharing housework.27.Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc” (Line 3, Para.2) most probably means ___.A.generating motivationB.exerting influenceC.causing damageD.creating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______.A.men tend to talk more in public than womenB.nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesD.a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D.a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behavior—habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t f igure out how to change peo ple’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happens automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day —chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins—are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to make new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.[A]should be further cultivated[B]should be changed gradually[C]are deeply rooted in history[D]are basically private concerns32.Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____.[A]reveal their impact on people’s habits[B]show the urgent need of daily necessities [C]indicate their effect on people’s buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilever34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____.[A] perfected art of products [B] automatic behavior creation[C] commercial promotions [D] scientific experiments35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____.[A]indifferent [B]negative [C]positive [D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______.[A] both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B] defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C] no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D] judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____.[A] the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B] the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C] the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D] the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____.[A] they were automatically banned by state laws[B] they fell far short of the required qualifications[C] they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D] they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed, ___.[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems [B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions [D]its tradition and developmentSection III Translation46. Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (15points)“Sustainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been th rough the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It did n’t go well. “It was a really b ad move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll t ur n the corner, give it some time.’”Section IV Writing47. Directions:You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchangeprogram. Write a letter to your American colleague to1) express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead。
2010年英语二作文范文
2010年英语二作文范文In the modern era, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, and education is no exception. The advent of the internet, smartphones, and various educational software has revolutionized the way we learn and teach. This essaywill explore the positive and negative impacts of technology on the educational landscape.Positive Impacts1. Access to Information: Technology has made it possible for students to access a wealth of information at their fingertips. Online databases, digital libraries, and educational websites provide a plethora of resources that were previously unavailable.2. Interactive Learning: With the help of technology, learning has become more interactive and engaging. Educational apps and software often incorporate games, quizzes, and simulations that make learning a more enjoyable experience.3. Distance Learning: Technology has made it feasible for students to learn from anywhere in the world. Online courses and degree programs have opened up opportunities for those who cannot attend traditional classes due to geographical or personal constraints.4. Collaboration: The internet has enabled students to collaborate on projects with their peers from around the globe. This not only fosters a sense of global community but also enhances the learning experience through diverse perspectives.Negative Impacts1. Distraction: While technology offers many benefits, it can also be a source of distraction. The constant presence of smartphones and social media can divert students' attention from their studies.2. Dependency: There is a risk that students may become overly reliant on technology, neglecting the development of essential skills such as critical thinking and problem-solving that cannot be outsourced to a device.3. Digital Divide: Not all students have equal access to technology. The digital divide can exacerbate educational inequalities, as those without access to the latest technology may be at a disadvantage.4. Lack of Human Interaction: The reliance on technology can sometimes lead to a decrease in face-to-face interaction between teachers and students, which is vital for effective learning and the development of social skills.ConclusionIn conclusion, technology has had a profound impact oneducation, offering numerous advantages such as increased access to information and the ability to engage in distance learning. However, it also presents challenges, such as the potential for distraction and the exacerbation of educational inequalities. It is crucial for educators and policymakers to find a balance, leveraging the benefits of technology while mitigating its drawbacks to ensure that all students can benefit from a high-quality education.。
英语二2010-2019年大小作文范文参考
英语⼆2010-2019年⼤⼩作⽂范⽂参考2010年Part ADear Doctor Aiken,I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have to cancel my appointment with you to fix my chipped tooth at 2 p.m. on July 8, because I have to attend an important meeting in my company then and no absence is allowed. I hope you can accept my sincere apology.I do know the sudden change brings you some trouble, but my tooth can’t wait to be fixed. Is it convenient f or you to take care of my tooth at 10 a.m. on July 9? If the time is not appropriate, please don’t hesitate to tell me when you are available and I will f ollow the arrangement you make.I am really sorry f or any inconvenience I bring to you. I am looking f orward to the reply at your earliest convenience.Yours f aithf ully,Zhang Wei Part BFrom the bar chart given above, we can observe that it reflects the statistics of additional working hours of different prof essions. Self-employed businessmen spend nearly 2 hours per day in working overtime, ranking first. On the contrary, civil servants’ additional working hours is the shortest, only less than 60 minutes per day. The overtime of scientific researchers, cultural and sports workers and teachers varies f rom 90 minutes to less than 60 minutes.The bar chart inf orms us of the phenomenon that there exists difference in additional working hours among diverse careers, especially between self-employed businessmen and civil servants. Ample reasons can account f or this phenomenon. Firstly, to make more profits, businessmen have to spend more time on manuf acturing products, attracting and retaining customers and managing staffs. Moreover, with the competition becoming fiercer, they have no alternative but to work overtime to avoid being eliminated by the market andtheir rivals. When it comes to civil servants, things are not all the same.Conf ronted with less risks and pressures, leading a steady and routine lif e, they don’t have to work overtime f requently.Working overtime is a two-bladed sword. Surely, it will both generate considerable benefits. However, it will give rise to some damages. We should balance our work, lif e and health. Otherwise we will eventually become a machine and slave of work.2011年Part A47. Directions: Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university.Write him/her a letter to:1) congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared f or university lif e.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Dear Li Ming,I am so glad to hear that you have received the offer f rom Beijing University. Congratulations! There’s nothing surprise — I remember seeing how hard you have been working since childhood. Now you have the opportunity to learn physics, which you have a huge interest in, in one of the best universities in China. I f eel extremely happy f or you.Well, I want to share some reminders f or university lif e with you. First of all, don’t f orget your study. Second, take some time to know yourself well and make your own decisions. Third, enjoy your lif e as long as it’s under your control. I hope you will have a wonderf ul time.Sincerely yours,Zhang WeiPart B48.Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The chart above demonstrates clearly that some changes have taken place in terms of the car market of China.Based on the data of the chart, one can see that the percentage of domestic cars has been on a rise, while the sales percentage of cars made in Japan has experienced a decline. In the year of 2008, the percentage of cars made in China was nearly 25%, while, within no more than a year, it went up to nearly 33%. The percentage of cars made in Japan was 35% ，but it went down to 25% in 2009.It is of no difficulty f or us to come up with some possible f actors to account f or this trend. At the top of the list, with the rapid development of our economy and society, more and more people pref er domestic products tof oreign ones. It’s reported that approximately 55% of f amilies in Chinese big cities have chosen cars made in China. In addition, we must admit that the government appeals to us to support our native industries. Last but not least, the f act cannot be ignored that the cars made in China are increasingly of high quality.Taking into account what have been argued, we can come to the conclusion that this established trend is positive and theref ore acceptable. And I am firmly certain that this trend will continue in the years to come.2012年Part A47.Directions: Suppose you have f ound something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought f rom an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint, and2) demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Dear Sir or Madam,As one of your regular customers, I am writing to complain about the poor quality of the electric dictionary purchased in your on-line store that enjoys years of reputation. The dictionary is really of great importance in the process of my English learning.Unf ortunately, I f ound that there are several problems. To begin with, the dictionary operated well at first, but ten days later it began to make a lot of noise when opened. In addition, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work. I strongly request that you can either send me a new one or ref und me in f ull.I really appreciate all your assistance in this matter. if you have any problem, don't hesitate to contact me. I am looking f orward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing table. In your writing, you should1) describe the table, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The table above gives the inf ormation about the survey of employment satisf action in a company. Af ter caref ully studying the data in the table, we may saf ely conclude that the percentage of people under 40 who hold unclear or discontent f eeling with their jobs are 50% and 33.3% respectively . 64% of those between 40 to 50 are not satisfied and no one f eel satisfied at all while the degree of satisf action, f or people over 50, largely exceeds the other groups , amounting to 40% .A great many reasons might have contributed to the differences, and here I would like to lay stress on the f ollowing two reasons. First, owing to the enormous pressure f rom supporting the f amily, the enjoyment in work f or middle-aged people has obviously decreased. In addition, since the seniors have developed a lot in personality through the previous working experience, they can keep a positive attitude and see the optimistic respects of the work.Taking all the above analysis into consideration, we can saf ely reach a conclusion that the seniors have more satisf action and enjoyment in the work than the young and middle-aged people under 50.2013年Part A47. Directions: Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale f or kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inf orm them about the details, and2) encourage them to participate.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Dear Classmates,I am writing to notif y you of a charity sale f or children who need help. The detailed arrangements are as f ollows .This event will be held on the playground of our university on January 4th, 2013 , f rom 7 to 10 o’clock in the evening . The purpose of the sale is to help children who have dropped out of school because their f amily cannot afford their tuition . Af ter the opening ceremony when our school master will make a speech, comes the time f or donating activity.Giving your love is a virtue, so I’d like to appeal to all the students to take part in this event. Thank you very much f or your kindness.Sincerely yours,Li Ming Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)特有关键词：part-time , college , university , compus , students , parent , tend to do , social , graduate, senior常规关键词：illustrate , figure in the chart , the number of , contribute , phenomenon , practice , raise , higer ,As is illustrated by the figure in the chart, the number of college students doing part-time jobs has been rising f rom 66.77% to 88.24% during the f our-year university lif e. There is no denying f act that more and more college students choose to engage in part-time jobs.Several main reasons contribute to this phenomenon. Firstly, as the students grow up, most parents tend to support their children to do some social practice. Secondly, the f ast changing of society has raised higher requirements f or college graduates. Doing part-time jobs can help to broaden the students’ horizon and prepare them f or the job opportunity af ter graduation. Finally, more f ree time of senior students is a f actor that cannot be ignored.From the analysis above, we can predict saf ely that the trend will continue in the f orthcoming years. And f rom where i stand, it should be advocate f or the benefit of us university students.2014年Part A47.Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student.Write him an email to1) tell him about your living habits, and2) ask f or advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Dear John,I am Li Ming who will go to study in your university and live together with you in one department.Now I am writing this letter to tell you some of my habits and ask f or some suggestions to adapt myself there. Firstly, I usually get up early in the morning at six o’clock and then go out to do some exercise. Secondly, I never drink or smoke. Neither do I stay up late. I’d like to keep my things clean. At last, I would like to spend my spare time in the library. Meanwhile, I wonder if you could be so kind to offer me some proposals on how to get used to the lif e there.I am looking f orward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.Yours sincerely,Li Ming Part B48.Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)特有关键词：urban , rural , population , climb ,常规关键词：the number of , climb , decrease , slightly , nearly , in the same period , perspective , possible f actor , account f or , rapidly rapid , established trend will continue f or quite a while in the f orthcoming years ,The above chart shows the changes of urban and rural population f rom 1990 to 2010. The number of urban residents climbed steadily f rom 300 million in 1990 to 660 million or so in 2010, while rural population decreased slightlyf rom nearly 820 million to about 680 million in the same period.From my perspective, some possible f actors may account f or this trend. On the one hand, as the economy develops rapidly, people in mounting numbers crowd into cities searching f or employment, a decent living and the excitement of urban lif e recently. On the other hand, the economy in the rural districts is comparatively less developed. As a result, the opportunity to make money andpursue their f uture is lean. Theref ore, an increasing number of f olks are trying to change their destiny by flocking into the urban areas.Given the analyses above, I firmly believe that such established trend will continue f or quite a while in the f orthcoming years and due importance should be attached to this evident situation.2015年Part A47. Directions: Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp f or high school students. Write a notice to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call f or volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name or the name of your university.Do not write your address. (10 points)NoticeThe Students’ Union is arranging a summer camp f or high school students to broaden their horizon and experience different lif e. The camp is scheduled on July 15th and will end on July 22nd, lasting f or about one week. The theme is Loving Your Country, Loving the World.Different kinds of activities are included during the camp, like knowledge competition , patriotic songs contest, drama contest and so on. As somef oreign students will also attend the camp, some volunteers are needed. Volunteers should be those who are good at oral English and also take an active part in activities.If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us. Please sign up bef ore July 7, 2015.the Students’ UnionJune 20,2015 Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)This pie chart shows where the spending of residents in an unnamed city goes during the spring f estival. According to the data given, the money spent on buying gif ts f or others takes a lion’s share, accounting f or 40%. While dinner parties and transportation f ares both take away 20% of the whole proportion.As f ar as I am concerned, it is hardly surprising that gif ts make up asignificant portion of a person's spending. Due to the great urbanization, most Chinese residents move f rom their hometowns to work in big cities. During the spring f estival, nearly all people will return home to unite with their f amily. In order to cover the long distance, a large amount of money is spent on transportation. Buying new year gif ts f or their children, parents or relatives is an important part of the new year celebration.All in all, it can be predicted that buying gif ts and transportation will still take up a large share in our expenditure during the Spring Festival.2016年Part A47. Directions: Suppose you won a translation contest and your f riend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask f or advice on translation. Write hima replay to1) thank him, and2) give your advice.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Do not sign your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Dear Jack,I’m writing to express my gratitude f or your congratulation on my success in the translation contest.As regard to my experience, I would like to offer you some proposals in this part. First and f oremost, I strongly suggest you that you need to practice with painstaking effort in this field. What’s more, you had better have morecommunication with f oreigners, which guarantees that you have a deep understanding of f oreign culture. Last but not least, you are supposed to participate in some international events to accumulate a wealth of practical experience.Thanks again and I do hope you could take my suggestions into consideration. I wish you have good luck and make a great success in yourf uture study.Yours sincerely,Li Ming Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)As is clearly reflected in the above pie chart, the purpose of students traveling abroad demonstrates obvious differences in one college of China. According to the data given, the purpose of enjoying the beautif ul landscape takes a comparatively large share, accounting f or 37%, while that of relieving pressure also takes away 20% of the whole proportion.What triggers this phenomenon? It is not difficult to put f orward severalf actors responsible f or this phenomenon. To start with, with the rapid economic development of economy , people , including college students, are becoming increasingly wealthy, which enables them to afford the once-deemed-expensive oversea traveling. In order to enjoy the charming landscape all around the world, a large proportion of students choose to travel abroad. What’s more, along with the ever-accelerating improvement of economy and society is also the ever-increasing work and lif e pressure. Consequently, the purpose of relievingpressure ranks the second among all the purposes f or f olks to travel around the world.In view of the arguments above, we can conclude that the current phenomenon is of no surprise. And theref ore, it can be predicted that admiring the scenery and alleviating pressure will still be the main purpose f or people to arrange a traveling to other countries.2017年Part A47. Directions：Suppose you are invited by Prof essor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1) accept the invitation, and2) introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Dear prof essor，I f eel very happy when I accept your invitation, and I think it would be my great honor to give a presentation to the students overseas. Meanwhile, I’d like to express my gratitude f or giving me the opportunity.The details of the presentation are as f ollows. To begin with, I will briefly introduce traditional Chinese culture, which is the accumulation of Chinese history. History makes the Chinese culture colorf ul and prosperous. Moreover, many other kinds of cultural f orms such as Chinese painting, poem, opera and so on are needed to show to the students abroad, which can help broaden their horizons and have a better understanding of Chinese culture.Thanks a lot f or your time and attention to this letter, words are beyond me to express my thanks to you. I will try my best to do this presentation. Finally, looking f orward your reply.Yours sincerely,Li Ming Part B48. Directions：Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The provided line chart clearly illustrates a tendency that the number of museum visitors witnessed a steady increase with the establishment of more museums. As is vividly reflected in the chart, the number of museum visitors started f rom 63,780,000 in 2013 and ended to 78,110,000 in 2015, while the sum of museums also experienced an increase f rom 4165 to 4692 over these two years. The positive correlation between these two increases is a thought-provoking phenomenon worth exploration.The f actors which might contribute to this correlation can be discussedf rom the f ollowing aspects. To begin with, with the establishment of more museums, there are more chances f or people to visit museums. They are easily accessible to general public. The widespread availability of museums has thus brought about an interest in probing the history and the convention of our country. Moreover, it can be said without any exaggeration that the improvement of education arouses people’s attention to pursue a quality lif e with an attitude of cherishing culture and literacy. Museums are great repositories of mankind’s historical artif acts and achievements in art. From them we can learn a great deal about the people of the past and their link to the people of the present.As what has been discussed above, we can saf ely make a prediction that the upwards tendency of visiting museums will remain this momentum in the nearf uture.2018年Part A47. Directions: Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Prof essor Smith. Write him an email to1) apologize to him and explain the situation,and2) suggest a new meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Respectable Prof.Smith,I hereby make a sincere apology f or my f ailing to keep the appointment with you. As scheduled, I would pay you a visit in your office next Friday, but much to my regret, I have to cancel this arrangement.On that day, I will sign f or an important job interview, which is extremely important f or my f uture. As a result, I am compelled to make an adjustment to my previous plan and cannot keep my word. I f eel terribly sorry f or missing the precious opportunity to get some enlightenment f rom you. Is it possible that we meet at another time when both of us are available? Please let me know your pref erable date. I am looking f orward to having a pleasant time with you. Please allow me to say sorry again f or my absence.Yours respectf ully,Li MingPart B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The pie chart reveals the relevant f actors diners consider in choosing restaurants in a certain city in 2017. Among various elements, f eature of restaurants takes the lion’s share, at 36.3%; service and environment also capture consumers’ considerable attention, taking 26.8% and 23.8% respectively.What are the leading causes to justif y consumers’ pref erence? It is noticeable that restaurants are springing up like mushroom on both sides of almost every city street, offering wider options f or consumers. And with the bulging of personal wallets, people have greater f reedom and stronger ability to prioritize the quality and standard of daily lif e, and thus things like f eature, service and environment of restaurants naturally receive their closer attention. One more reason is f eature, service and environment are more impressive elements of restaurants, which are decisive in establishing their image and reputation and spreading their influence, and hence become major attractions f or luring both regular and new visitors.Restaurants of various kinds are expected to attach greater importance to these above influencing f actors and redouble efforts to offer excellent and exquisite dishes to consumers.2019年Part A47. Directions: Suppose prof essor Smith asks you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, write an email to him1) Suggest a topic and give your reasons,2) And describe your arrangement.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEETDon' t use your own name, use Li Ming instead.Don’t write your address. (10 points)Dear Prof essor Smith，You have asked me to plan a debate with regard to city traffic. I am writing this email to suggest a topic named Encouraging Green Travelling.One of the biggest reasons that contribute to the city traffic jam is the great numbers of cars on the road. As a result, citizens should be encouraged to avoid driving cars and instead to choose green traveling such as subway, bikeor walking. The debate is supposed to be held in one of our classrooms next Monday. and if you have other conductive suggestions, please let me know.Yours Sincerely，Li Ming Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The bar chart reveals the various career options of graduates of a certain university between 2013 and 2018. During this period, job-seekers saw a downward trend f rom 68.1% to 60.7%, while those who registered f or the postgraduate entrance examination and started a business experienced a gradual rise, f rom 26.3% to 34.0% and f rom 1.3% to 2.6% respectively.The reasons are obvious why an increasing number of students withdrawf rom the job market to choose f urther studies. For one thing, with the overall improvement of literacy of the public, the competition of the job market is sure to become fiercer, higher standards and stricter qualifications are required, hence a higher academic degree is a must. For another, f urther studies will provide a bigger platf orm and brighter prospect f or f uture development. Thef act that relatively f ew students establish their own companies is complicated. Two important reasons may be lack of f und and insufficiency of a set off avorable policies.The multiple career choices of college graduates, to some degree, should be encouraged, which means they show a tendency to have a final say in theirf uture.。
打印版历年英语二考研作文真题范文
打印版历年英语二考研作文真题范文考研英语作文是考研英语考试中非常重要的一部分，对于考生来说，掌握考研英语作文的写作技巧和常用句型是至关重要的。
本文将为您整理并提供历年英语二考研作文真题范文，帮助您在备考过程中更好地提高英语写作能力。
一、2010年英语二考研作文真题范文1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.Dear Bob,I am writing to you to apologize for the inconvenience I have caused. I am sorry that I forgot to return the music CD to you when I left Canada.Once again, I apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused. I hope you will accept my apology and allow me to make it up to you.Sincerely,[Your Name]二、2011年英语二考研作文真题范文Dear [Friend's Name],I hope you will consider watching "The Shawshank Redemption." I am confident that you will enjoy it as much as I did.Best regards,[Your Name]三、2012年英语二考研作文真题范文2) demand a refund or a replacement.Dear Customer Service Center,Firstly, the dictionary's screen is flickering, which makes it difficult for me to read the words clearly. Secondly, the buttons on the device are not responsive, causing inconvenience when I try to look up words. Lastly, thebattery life of the dictionary is very short, which means I have to charge it frequently.Considering these problems, I would like to requesteither a refund or a replacement for the defective dictionary.I have attached some photos of the issues for your reference.I hope you can understand my situation and provide a satisfactory solution.Thank you for your attention to this matter, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.Best regards,[Your Name]四、2013年英语二考研作文真题范文1) accept the invitation, and2) ask for further information.Dear [Recipient's Name],Once again, thank you for the invitation and for considering me for this research project. I am looking forward to hearing more about the project and to contributing to its success.Best regards,[Your Name]五、2014年英语二考研作文真题范文1) express your gratitude for his kindness, andDear John,Best regards,[Your Name]六、2015年英语二考研作文真题范文1) invite them to participate, and2) give them some information about the festival.Dear International Students,The food festival will take place on [date] from [time] to [time] at [venue]. We would be delighted if you could join us and bring some traditional dishes from your home country. This will not only add to the diversity of the festival but also allow us to learn more about your culture.We are looking forward to your active participation and the delicious dishes you will bring. Let's make this campus food festival a memorable experience for everyone!Best regards,[Your Name]。
2010-2020年考研英语二真题答案(一键打印版)
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: DCBAA6 - 10: BDCBA11-15: CDDAC16-20: BDCABSection II: Reading Comprehension (50 points)21-25: DABCC26-30: ACBDB31-35: AADCB36-40: DACBD41-45: FTFTFSection III :Translation (15 Points)最近，“承受力”已成为一个流行词，但对Ted Ning来说，它却有着特殊的含义。
他曾经历过一段难以承受的痛苦生活，因此他很清楚，旨在提高承受力的价值观只有通过日常行为和抉择才能得到体现。
Ning回忆起20世纪90年代末销售保险的那一年，那是令人感到困惑的一年。
他经历了网络泡沫的膨胀和破灭，由于急需找到一份工作，因此就与Boulder 代理公司签了约。
但情况并不顺利。
“这一步的确是糟糕的一步，因为我对那份工作没有热情。
”Ning与。
正如所料，在工作上的困境表现为缺乏销量。
“我很痛苦。
我如此焦虑，以至于会在半夜醒来，然后盯着天花板。
我身无分文，我需要这份工作。
大家都说：‘等等吧，会有转机的，再给一段时间吧。
’”2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: ACBDD6 - 10: BACCB11-15: DBACA16-20: ADACDSection II: Reading Comprehension (50 points)21-25: BDCAB26-30: DBCAA31-35: CDCDB36-40: BCBAD41-45: EDCBGSection III :Translation (15 Points)在全球范围内，信息技术行业所产生的温室气体与航空业所产生的量相同，约占二氧化碳排放总量的2%。
考研英语二2010-2019历年真题及答案解析
2010年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert__2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising__3__in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "__4__" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, __5__ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the __6__ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global __7__ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths __8__ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to __9__ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade __10__ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was __11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the__12__ tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has __13__ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials __14__Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began__15__orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is __16__ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those __17__doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not__18__for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other __19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people __20__ infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding off SectionSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B ,C and D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that foll owed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Para. 3), the author suggeststhat_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A. Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The art market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing Impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27. Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public tan womenB. nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B. Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private ind ustry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corpora tions could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins —are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33. which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34. From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35. the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38. Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentPart BDirections:Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the statement is true or F it the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Copying Birds May Save Aircraft FuelBOTH Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy. The air flowing over a birds wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as up wash. Other birds flying in the up wash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California ,has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (with a concomitant reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in convoy? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft couldbe separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the unnervingly cosy groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation. Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the second world war, but Dr Lissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,” he adds. So he should know.41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.45. It has been documented that during World War II, A merica’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions: In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47.Directions: You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to1)Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) Interpret the chart and2)Give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)2010年考研英语二答案Section I USE of English1 [D]2 [C]3 [B]4 [A]5 [A]6 [B]7 [D]8 [C]9 [B] 10 [A]11[C] 12 [D] 13 [D] 14 [A] 15 [C] 16 [B] 17 [D] 18 [C] 19 [A] 20 [B]Section II Reading Comprehension21 D选【D】，因为第一段段尾句As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. 即雷曼兄弟公司破产。
考研英语英二翻译-2010-2020真题
It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they are not really living at all But, the wonderful thing about failure is thatit's entirely up t0 us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world," or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something; we can choose to look for the lesson were meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they are how we grow, and how we keep form making that same mistake again Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book, I just haven’t the time” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final polished work that he have to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literacy field was no exception.A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books：recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However，during that course I realized that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism，because writing was, and still is, one of my favorite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!The supermarket is designed to目的是/旨在lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally –which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commutes to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist step turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect. People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterward, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says TalBen-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar, realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I've been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does - try to put it to one side. I don't think it's harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn't make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical Hair opened on Broadway on the same day - they both just pop into my mind in the same way.When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. The “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.2011年1.Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do --- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?2.Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment.3.A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer.4. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centers around the world, packed with powerful computers.5. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centers need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.6. However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements.7. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction , but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.2010年1.“Sustainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning.2.Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.3. Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance.4. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.5.It didn’t go well.6. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales.7. “I was miserable.8.I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling.9. I had no money and needed the job. 10. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll turn the corner, give it some time.’”。