2020年高考英语真题重点语法和题型分类汇编精讲第15题 阅读理解(原卷版)

第15题阅读理解Humans make mistakes. Even very experienced surgeons are not infallible. But what if these doctors could combine their knowledge with experience together and create a surgical standard of care, to be per formed by machines?That's the idea behind surgical robots, which may soon carry out most surgeries, from sewing up tiny wounds to performing heart procedures. Lots of these operations are actually already completed with the assistance of robots. However, a recent test suggests that robots in the operating room may soon go a step further, performing on soft tissue completely on their own, from the beginning to the end.The Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot(STAR) has succeeded in completing surgeries on pigs. "We're the first to test out autonomous robotic surgery with soft-tissue surgery, and when compared to standard operation, it's better," says Peter Kim, a professor of surgery."Our purpose is not to replace surgeons, but it will make the surgeons better and make the procedures safer."A recent Mayo Clinic study discovered that most surgical errors-including operating on the wrong site or side of the body, or even leaving tools or objects inside the patient-occur every one out of 22,000 procedures. Though that's rare, robots like STAR would aim to lower the number even further.In the surgical system called da Vinci, surgeons lay their arms inside instruments and use their hands to control the movement of robotic tools on the operating table from afar. Surgeons control the robot's every major move, and thus its results may vary based on the surgeon's training or experience.On the other hand, STAR is entirely autonomous. Not only is it able to work on its own and perform surgeries with a more flexible " hand " , but it's also able to react to the unexpected incidents . Cutting into hard tissue like bones is one thing , but operating on moving soft tissue is far more complex . STAR can respond to a changing environment , which is similar to how self-driving cars are programmed to not only drive on the high way, but also react to another driver who makes a mistake and gets in your way.1. What does the underlined word "infallible" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Quite smart.B. Really creative.C. Rather responsible.D. Always right.2 . What can we learn about STAR from the passage ?A. It can perform the operation on its own.B. It has been widely used in the operating room.C. It can make surgeries much faster.D. It will take the place of surgeons.3. Which one is true about the da Vinci surgical system?A. Robots are trained from afar.B. Robots always make mistakes.C. Surgery results depend on surgeons.D. Surgeons have trouble controlling robots.阅读理解（二）I always had the preference to take on more than I was young. At times, I wanted to prove to myself that I could handle it. At other times, my purpose was to please someone and gain recognition for my efforts. Sometimes this led to stress or frustration.When I was an IT manager after college graduation I was assigned to work with a wealthy customer and be ago-between(中间人）for my company. I took on the assignment happily, thinking that this might be my time to shine. However, the customer's demands proved to be more than I could do with. And the company chose to stand by the customer and try to meet his unreasonable requirements rather than stick to what we had originally offered in the contract. As you can imagine, this le to a lot of unexpected problems and arguing with some of the staff who refused to do anything outside their scope(范围）o work. I remember walking into my office one morning, opening my laptop and staring at the blank screen for long, thinking to myself : What should I do ? That was a difficult time in my lifeand then I finally had to give up my first job and left that company sadly.Perhaps, I thought then, I could find the job that didn't involve dealing with difficult people and difficult situations. But later I realized: Is this possible in our modern world? No, it is impossible. Now, I know, I shouldn't run away from the challenges I faced in life: I had to learn how to deal with them. I regret not persevering(坚持）in my job. We should train our selves to look at things from a positive that in the because that in that the better that the better than being trapped in the bad circle depression. I've come to see that when faced with difficulties, I should not give up, but persevere.1. Why did the author take the work assigned to him happily?A. He wanted to please the boss.B. The work was very easy for him to do.C. He failed to find a job many times before.D. He thought it was time to prove his ability.2. What does the underlined word "this" in the second paragraph mean?A . Arguing with some of the staff .B. Meeting the customer's unreasonable requirements.C. Accepting the assignment without hesitation.D. Sticking to what had been originally offered in the contract.3. What made the author leave his first job?A. The depressing job situation.B. The low payment.C. His lack of ability.D.A better job waiting for him.4. What's the best title of the text?A. Running away from challengesB. Persevering instead of giving upC. Refusing to argue with customersD. Learning to take on more than or阅读理解（三）My legs were shaking, my heart pounding. As we neared the edge of the cliff, I double-checked all my equipment to make sure it was secure. I felt anxious, but not eager for my turn as I waited in line with the members of my group. Fear rose from the pit of my stomach as I realized there was no one else in front of me Slowly, I lowered myself to the edge of the nearly 200-foot cliff. My skin shook like a dozen earthquakes whenI reached the belay man, the person who hooked me to the belaying ropes, which keep me from falling. He hooked me up, and I slowly lowered myself over the edge of the cliff, breathed deeply, and went into a sitting position with both feet in front of me. I closed my eyes, gulped(大口吸气）, and began to go down.Panic took over as I reached a point where my feet could no longer touch the rocky wall. The wall was right there, fooling me. My foot made contact with the wall, causing me to rotate. As I slowly began to spin around an interesting thing happened; my panic vanished. The beautiful view of the surrounding area overwhelmed(淹没；压倒）me. All the different-sized trees were evergreens, which seemed to blanket the hill-side. The forest was filled with life as different types of animals raced across my field of vision. As I looked up-ward the sky seemed to open up into a blue vastness. A sense of excitement overtook me. I'd been waiting for this moment, night and day, for one long month, and finally my dream had become a reality. I began to feel calmer and more relaxed.As I finally neared the bottom of the cliff, there seemed to be less animal activity. Looking up, the cliff did not seem as frightening as it did going down. My feet were shaky when they finally touched the soft and muddy ground. Pride swelled up within me. Traveling on the muddy road, I began the long climb upward.1. How did the author feel when he was about to go down the cliff?A. Excited.B. Eager.C. FrightenedD. Anxious.2. Why did the belay man hook the author to the belaying ropes?A. To ensure his safety.B. To place him over the edge.C. To let him go down faster.D. To tie him to the tree.3. When did the author begin to spin around?A . When his feet couldn't touch the rocky wall .B. As soon as his feet touched the rocky wall again.C. When he lowered himself down the cliff.D. Before he reached the belay man.4.What was the author going to do after going down the cliff?A. Climb up the cliff once more.B. Go slowly down the mountain.C. Camp on the soft ground.D. Go on climbing up the mountain阅读理解（四）Parents usually teach their children how to cross the street safely, by looking to both ways for cars. But do they also teach them to put away their cell phones? The city of Honolulu, Hawaii wants everyone to lea that lesson.Texting while crossing the street will soon be banned in the city. Beginning on October 24, you could be fined from $ 15 to $ 99 if you step into a Honolulu street while looking at your phone. Honolulu is the first major U. S. city to ban what is called "distracted walking". It recently passed a law in a seven to two vote. The law says :"No pedestrian shall cross a street or highway while viewing a mobile electronic device."In other words, do not look at a screen when you cross the street or you could be fined.The law's creators hope it will lower the number of people hit and killed by cars in the city. Mayor Kirk Caldwell told the Reuters News Agency, "We hold the unfortunate distinction of being a major city with more pedestrians being hit in crosswalks, particularly our seniors, than almost any other city in the country."The law includes all electronic devices with screens: cell phones, tablets, gaming devices, digital cameras and laptop computers. The law does permit an exception. Pedestrians may use such devices in the street to call emergency services and rescue workers, such as firefighters and police officers.The Governors Highway Safety Association, or GHSA, says as the use of cell phones rises, pedestrian deaths inthe United States increased by 25 percent between 2010 and 2015. That trend continued in 2016 with the number of pedestrian deaths rising to almost 6000, 11% higher than in 2015.Other U. S. cities may follow Honolulu. The State of Washington was the first to outlaw distracted driving back in 2007. Now, 46 other states as well as D. C., Puerto Rico, Guam and the U. S. Virgin Islands, have laws against texting while driving, reports the GHSA.If you still want to text while walking, you could avoid being fined in Honolulu (and be safer, in general)by using a voice-controlled digital assistant such as Siri or Google Assistant. Or you could just wait until you are again, safely, off the street.1. What do most parents fail to tell their children when they cross the street?A. Not to view cell phones.B . To look to both ways for traffic .C. To go across the street safely.D. Not to carry cell phones.2. By making the law, the creators want to_________.A . reduce the number of accidents related to pedestriansB. lower the number of people using mobile electronic devicesC. make city streets and highways safer for driversD. increase the use of mobile electronic devices in public places3.A pedestrian can use his cell phone in the streets when ________.A. he wants to call friendsB. his cell phone ringsC. there is an emergencyD. no cars can be seen4.What does the fifth paragraph mainly tell us?A. Pedestrian deaths have been increasing.B. More and more people use mobile devices.C. There are more pedestrian deaths in the US.D. Ways have been found to deal with car accidents.。