Evolving A Measurement Program for Sys - SW Engr PI v2.1
珠穆朗玛山有多高英语作文
Mount Everest,the highest peak on Earth,has long been a subject of fascination and awe for mountaineers and adventurers alike.Its majestic presence stands as a testament to the power of nature and the human spirit.The height of Mount Everest is a topic that has been debated and measured over the years,with various figures being proposed and accepted at different times.The official height of Mount Everest,as recognized by both China and Nepal,is8,848.86meters29,031.7feet above sea level.This measurement was established in2020after a joint survey conducted by both countries. The survey involved a team of Chinese and Nepalese climbers who planted a GPS device on the summit,providing a more accurate measurement than previous efforts.However,the history of measuring Mount Everests height is a complex one. In1856,the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India calculated the height to be8,840meters29,002feet.This measurement was based on trigonometric calculations and was accepted as the official height for over a century.In1954,an Indian survey revised the height to8,848meters29,029feet,a figure that was widely accepted until the2020survey.The1954 measurement was based on aerial photography and ground measurements,but it did not account for the snow and ice that cover the summit.The2020survey was a significant milestone in the history of measuringMount Everest.It not only provided a more accurate height but also marked a moment of cooperation and unity between China and Nepal.The joint effort symbolized the shared spirit of exploration and the desire to understand and respect the natural world.The height of Mount Everest is not just a number it represents the culmination of human endeavor and the pursuit of knowledge.The various measurements over the years reflect the evolving technology and techniques used to explore and understand our planet.Moreover,the height of Mount Everest is a reminder of the immense scale and power of nature.The mountains towering peak,carved by the forcesof erosion and tectonic activity,stands as a symbol of the Earths dynamic and everchanging landscape.In conclusion,the height of Mount Everest is a topic that has captivated the imagination of people around the world.The various measurements over the years reflect the ongoing quest for knowledge and understanding. The current official height of8,848.86meters is a testament to the power of human endeavor and the desire to explore and respect the natural world.As we continue to learn more about our planet,the story of Mount Everests height will undoubtedly continue to evolve and inspire future generations.。
战略管理(英文版)
战略管理(英文版)Strategic Management: An OverviewIntroductionIn today's fast-paced and highly competitive business environment, companies must adopt effective strategies to ensure their long-term success and sustainable growth. Strategic management plays a crucial role in helping organizations align their resources, capabilities, and objectives to achieve their strategic goals. This article provides an overview of strategic management, its key components, and the benefits it offers in an increasingly dynamic and complex marketplace.1. Definition of Strategic ManagementStrategic management is the process of formulating and implementing strategies that enable organizations to fulfill their missions and achieve their objectives. It involves analyzing the external environment, identifying internal strengths and weaknesses, setting objectives, formulating strategies, implementing plans, and monitoring progress to ensure strategic goals are met.2. Key Components of Strategic Management2.1 Environmental AnalysisEnvironmental analysis involves assessing the external factors that influence an organization's performance and success. This includes macro-environmental factors such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) factors, as well as industry-specificfactors. Understanding the external environment helps organizations identify opportunities and threats and make informed strategic decisions.2.2 Internal AnalysisInternal analysis focuses on assessing an organization's internal strengths and weaknesses. This includes evaluating its resources, capabilities, and core competencies. By understanding its internal strengths, an organization can leverage them to gain a competitive advantage. Similarly, identifying weaknesses helps organizations address potential areas of improvement and overcome challenges.2.3 Strategy FormulationStrategy formulation involves developing a comprehensive plan to achieve an organization's objectives and competitive advantage. This includes defining the mission and vision, setting strategic objectives, and selecting appropriate strategies. Strategies can be categorized into corporate, business, and functional levels, depending on the scope and focus of the organization's activities.2.4 Strategy ImplementationStrategy implementation is the process of translating strategic plans into actions and ensuring their effective execution. It involves allocating resources, coordinating activities, and monitoring progress. Effective implementation requires strong leadership, effective communication, and a supportive organizational culture.2.5 Evaluation and ControlEvaluation and control involve monitoring and reviewing the progress of strategic initiatives and making necessary adjustments. This includes establishing key performance indicators, conducting regular performance assessments, and taking corrective actions to ensure strategic goals are being achieved. Evaluation and control help organizations stay on track and make informed decisions throughout the strategic management process.3. Benefits of Strategic ManagementStrategic management offers several benefits to organizations:3.1 Clear DirectionBy formulating a clear strategy, organizations establish a sense of direction and purpose. This enables employees to align their efforts and work towards common goals, enhancing overall organizational performance.3.2 Competitive AdvantageStrategic management helps organizations identify unique value propositions and differentiate themselves from competitors. By leveraging their strengths and focusing on key opportunities, organizations can gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.3.3 Adaptability to ChangeIn today's rapidly evolving business landscape, agility and adaptability are essential for success. Strategic management enables organizations to anticipate and respond to changes in the external environment, ensuring their long-term viability in a dynamic marketplace.3.4 Resource AllocationStrategic management facilitates effective resource allocation by aligning financial, human, and technological resources with strategic objectives. This ensures optimal utilization of resources and maximizes the organization's ability to achieve its goals.3.5 Performance MeasurementBy implementing strategic objectives and monitoring progress, organizations can measure their performance and identify areas for improvement. This allows for continuous learning and ongoing improvement, enhancing overall organizational effectiveness.ConclusionStrategic management is a fundamental process that enables organizations to navigate the complexities of the modern business landscape. By analyzing the external environment, assessing internal capabilities, formulating effective strategies, implementing plans, and evaluating performance, organizations can achieve their objectives and thrive in a highly competitive marketplace. Embracing strategic management is essential for long-term success and sustainability.。
惠普Cary6000i UV Vis NIR光谱仪提高样品通量数据表说明书
Increasing sample throughput using the Cary 6000iData SheetIntroductionThe Cary 6000i UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer offers the sensitivity of an InGaAs detector in the NIR range (800 nm–1800 nm) that is by far superior to any commercially available instrument measuring over a similar range.The main features include:Larger photodynamic linear range (capable of measuring absorbances up to 8 in the NIR)Superior signal-to-noise (S/N) achieved with significantly less averaging, resulting in greater sample throughputSuperior spectral resolutionSample throughput can be increased significantly with the Cary 6000iThe InGaAs detector provides sensitivity of the order of 100 times better than that of commercially available PbS detector instruments. This means that spectra can be acquired in a fraction of the time due to the significantly less signal averaging required.Figure 1 below demonstrates this point by comparing the spectrum of water vapor collected on a Cary 5000 (a PbS detector in the NIR) and the Cary 6000i. It should be noted here that the Cary 5000 UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer is considered the “best-in-class” commercially available PbS NIR instrument available today.Results/DataFigure 1. Water vapor spectrum collected on the Cary 6000i InGaAs and the Cary 5000 PbS spectrophotometersA Signal Averaging Time (SAT) of 10 seconds was used on the Cary 5000 compared to 0.1 seconds on the Cary 6000i. Also, a SBW of 0.05 nm was used on the Cary 5000 compared to 0.02 nm on the Cary 6000i. The S/N achieved is significantly better on the 6000i, which uses 100 times less the averaging with 2.5 times reduced SBW. To put this in perspective, a typical spectrum requiring 5 seconds averaging/data point, collected every 1 nm over the range NIR of 800–1800 nm, i.e. 1000 data points, can take approximately 160 minutes to collect (includes a baseline collection) on the Cary 5000 instrument compared to taking 1.5 minutes on the Cary 6000i (based on a 0.05 s SAT). Furthermore, as the sensitivity of the Cary 5000 is better than that of other commercially available instruments, the time to collect data over this wavelength range on other spectrophotometers can be significantly greater.DiscussionThe Cary WinUV Scan Application also provides a unique feature to further decrease measurement time while maintaining the required Signal:Noise and Spectral Resolution. Known as “Signal to Noise Mode”, it is best used for samples that vary dramatically in signal intensity across the wavelength range. Where other instruments require using the longest averaging time for the entire scan, the unique Signal to Noise feature in the Cary WinUV Scan software allows you to obtain a spectrum with the desired S/N across the wavelength range in much shorter time. This is because the instrument will only average for longer periods at the “high absorbing/low %R or %T” wavelengths and will use much less averaging at “lower absorbing/high %R or %T” wavelengths.Figure 2 below shows the ease at which it is to set up such a collection. By entering the acceptable S/N and a timeout period, the instrument will average at each wavelength until the S/N is met OR the timeout period has lapsed, before moving onto the next wavelength. This can literally reduce the scan time by a further 50 %.Figure 2. Signal to Noise mode on the Cary WinUV Scan application ConclusionThe benefits of having (a) Increased Sensitivity and (b) Signal to Noise mode, can result in enormous savings in time, as well as measurement costs per sample, if multiple samples are to be run on a daily, oreven weekly, basis.2This page is intentionally left blank.3/chem© Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2004, 2011 Published March, 2011 Publication Number 5990-7831EN。
低频活动漂浮潜水船声探测系统（LFATS）说明书
LOW-FREQUENCY ACTIVE TOWED SONAR (LFATS)LFATS is a full-feature, long-range,low-frequency variable depth sonarDeveloped for active sonar operation against modern dieselelectric submarines, LFATS has demonstrated consistent detection performance in shallow and deep water. LFATS also provides a passive mode and includes a full set of passive tools and features.COMPACT SIZELFATS is a small, lightweight, air-transportable, ruggedized system designed specifically for easy installation on small vessels. CONFIGURABLELFATS can operate in a stand-alone configuration or be easily integrated into the ship’s combat system.TACTICAL BISTATIC AND MULTISTATIC CAPABILITYA robust infrastructure permits interoperability with the HELRAS helicopter dipping sonar and all key sonobuoys.HIGHLY MANEUVERABLEOwn-ship noise reduction processing algorithms, coupled with compact twin line receivers, enable short-scope towing for efficient maneuvering, fast deployment and unencumbered operation in shallow water.COMPACT WINCH AND HANDLING SYSTEMAn ultrastable structure assures safe, reliable operation in heavy seas and permits manual or console-controlled deployment, retrieval and depth-keeping. FULL 360° COVERAGEA dual parallel array configuration and advanced signal processing achieve instantaneous, unambiguous left/right target discrimination.SPACE-SAVING TRANSMITTERTOW-BODY CONFIGURATIONInnovative technology achievesomnidirectional, large aperture acousticperformance in a compact, sleek tow-body assembly.REVERBERATION SUPRESSIONThe unique transmitter design enablesforward, aft, port and starboarddirectional transmission. This capabilitydiverts energy concentration away fromshorelines and landmasses, minimizingreverb and optimizing target detection.SONAR PERFORMANCE PREDICTIONA key ingredient to mission planning,LFATS computes and displays systemdetection capability based on modeled ormeasured environmental data.Key Features>Wide-area search>Target detection, localization andclassification>T racking and attack>Embedded trainingSonar Processing>Active processing: State-of-the-art signal processing offers acomprehensive range of single- andmulti-pulse, FM and CW processingfor detection and tracking. Targetdetection, localization andclassification>P assive processing: LFATS featuresfull 100-to-2,000 Hz continuouswideband coverage. Broadband,DEMON and narrowband analyzers,torpedo alert and extendedtracking functions constitute asuite of passive tools to track andanalyze targets.>Playback mode: Playback isseamlessly integrated intopassive and active operation,enabling postanalysis of pre-recorded mission data and is a keycomponent to operator training.>Built-in test: Power-up, continuousbackground and operator-initiatedtest modes combine to boostsystem availability and accelerateoperational readiness.UNIQUE EXTENSION/RETRACTIONMECHANISM TRANSFORMS COMPACTTOW-BODY CONFIGURATION TO ALARGE-APERTURE MULTIDIRECTIONALTRANSMITTERDISPLAYS AND OPERATOR INTERFACES>State-of-the-art workstation-based operator machineinterface: Trackball, point-and-click control, pull-down menu function and parameter selection allows easy access to key information. >Displays: A strategic balance of multifunction displays,built on a modern OpenGL framework, offer flexible search, classification and geographic formats. Ground-stabilized, high-resolution color monitors capture details in the real-time processed sonar data. > B uilt-in operator aids: To simplify operation, LFATS provides recommended mode/parameter settings, automated range-of-day estimation and data history recall. >COTS hardware: LFATS incorporates a modular, expandable open architecture to accommodate future technology.L3Harrissellsht_LFATS© 2022 L3Harris Technologies, Inc. | 09/2022NON-EXPORT CONTROLLED - These item(s)/data have been reviewed in accordance with the InternationalTraffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), 22 CFR part 120.33, and the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), 15 CFR 734(3)(b)(3), and may be released without export restrictions.L3Harris Technologies is an agile global aerospace and defense technology innovator, delivering end-to-endsolutions that meet customers’ mission-critical needs. The company provides advanced defense and commercial technologies across air, land, sea, space and cyber domains.t 818 367 0111 | f 818 364 2491 *******************WINCH AND HANDLINGSYSTEMSHIP ELECTRONICSTOWED SUBSYSTEMSONAR OPERATORCONSOLETRANSMIT POWERAMPLIFIER 1025 W. NASA Boulevard Melbourne, FL 32919SPECIFICATIONSOperating Modes Active, passive, test, playback, multi-staticSource Level 219 dB Omnidirectional, 222 dB Sector Steered Projector Elements 16 in 4 stavesTransmission Omnidirectional or by sector Operating Depth 15-to-300 m Survival Speed 30 knotsSize Winch & Handling Subsystem:180 in. x 138 in. x 84 in.(4.5 m x 3.5 m x 2.2 m)Sonar Operator Console:60 in. x 26 in. x 68 in.(1.52 m x 0.66 m x 1.73 m)Transmit Power Amplifier:42 in. x 28 in. x 68 in.(1.07 m x 0.71 m x 1.73 m)Weight Winch & Handling: 3,954 kg (8,717 lb.)Towed Subsystem: 678 kg (1,495 lb.)Ship Electronics: 928 kg (2,045 lb.)Platforms Frigates, corvettes, small patrol boats Receive ArrayConfiguration: Twin-lineNumber of channels: 48 per lineLength: 26.5 m (86.9 ft.)Array directivity: >18 dB @ 1,380 HzLFATS PROCESSINGActiveActive Band 1,200-to-1,00 HzProcessing CW, FM, wavetrain, multi-pulse matched filtering Pulse Lengths Range-dependent, .039 to 10 sec. max.FM Bandwidth 50, 100 and 300 HzTracking 20 auto and operator-initiated Displays PPI, bearing range, Doppler range, FM A-scan, geographic overlayRange Scale5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 kyd PassivePassive Band Continuous 100-to-2,000 HzProcessing Broadband, narrowband, ALI, DEMON and tracking Displays BTR, BFI, NALI, DEMON and LOFAR Tracking 20 auto and operator-initiatedCommonOwn-ship noise reduction, doppler nullification, directional audio。
高效a计划2024英语答案
高效a计划2024英语答案英文回答：Efficient Plan A 2024。
Introduction.In the dynamic and ever-evolving world of business, organizations are constantly seeking ways to improve their efficiency and maximize their productivity. The Efficient Plan A 2024 initiative is a comprehensive strategy designed to address this critical need, providing businesses with a roadmap to achieve operational excellence.Key Components.The Efficient Plan A 2024 comprises several key components that work in synergy to drive efficiency across all aspects of an organization. These components include:Process Optimization: Identifying and streamlining existing processes to reduce waste and improve turnaround times.Technology Integration: Leveraging advanced technologies such as automation, data analytics, and cloud computing to automate tasks and improve decision-making.Employee Engagement: Fostering a culture of continuous improvement and empowering employees to contribute to the efficiency drive.Data-Driven Insights: Utilizing data to identify areas for improvement, track progress, and make evidence-based decisions.Benchmarking and Best Practices: Monitoring industry trends, benchmarking performance against competitors, and adopting best practices to stay at the forefront of efficiency.Benefits of Implementing Efficient Plan A 2024。
蝶豆提取物杀虫剂技术指南说明书
Safe for bees,pollinators and predatorsAPVMA registeredForManagement of VerticilliumWilt in CottonPage 1VERTICILLIUM WILT TECHNICAL GUIDEPage 1LABEL CLAIM:For the control or suppression of a range of insect pests, including green mirids, silver leaf white fly (biotype b),heliothis, diamondback moth and two spotted spider mite, in cotton, lucerne, brassicas, cucurbits and tomatoes as specified in the Directions for Use table.A lso for use in cotton for the reduction in formation of the microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae assisting in the management of Verticillium wilt.APVMA Approval no: 81070/129496Innovate Ag Pty Ltd77a Rose Street, Wee Waa, NSW, 2388(02)****************************.au.au400 g/L Clitoria Ternatea EXTRACTGilding et. al. New Phytologist (2016) 210: doi:10.1111/nph.13789SERO-X: Why it works, the power of PeptidesThe active constituent in Sero-X is an extract of Clitoria ternatea(Butterfly Pea). The bioactive compounds in Butterfly Pea are a group of ultra stable cyclic peptides called cyclotides.Proteins and peptides are the working molecules of life, they make up the fundamental machinery that runs most biological processes.The ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science (CIPPS) is a national research centre.Their vision is to discover new proteins and peptides from Australia's diverse flora and fauna, decode their biological functions, and develop new proteins and peptides to address challenges in health, agriculture and industry. Innovate Ag are a proud industry partner and together with international collaborators we are working to unleash the power of peptides and proteins for the benefit of humankind.Over 70 bioactive peptides have been identified in Butterfly Pea and they are chemically diverse depending on which part of the plant they come from e.g. leaves, stems or seeds.They are compounds that have distinct biological activities. Butterfly pea produces them for defence against pests and diseases and they all play different roles.Research is evolving with these exciting compounds and in collaboration with University of Queensland's Institute for Molecular Bioscience we will continue to define and characterise the various modes of action and activities of these defensive compounds.Mode of action in phytophagous insects of cylcotides involves membrane interactionElectron micrographs show gut damage to insects after feeding trials.Barbeta et. al.PNAS 2008, 105, 1221Anti-feedant: Resulting in reduced plant damage and leading to starvation and decreased viability of the pest. Direct Mortality: The specific active peptide will disrupt the membrane wall in the cells of the pest Ovipositing deterrent: Altering pest behaviour to adversely affect egg lay.Sero-X is registered in cotton against Helicoverpa spp. Silverleaf whitefly (biotype b) (Bemisia tabaci) and Green mirid (Creontiades dilutus). It has three distinct modes of action that provide control;Laboratory Trials - 2016-1018Replicated laboratory assays began in 2016-17 by Dr Karen Kirkby and her team. Dr Kirkby has worked for NSW Department Primary Industries, as a plant pathologist based at the Australian Cotton Research Institute Narrabri since 2010 specialising in pathogens of agronomically important crops.SERO-X vs VERTICILLIUM WILT: The path to registrationThis is the survival structure Contain food reserves for extended survival (>14 years)Resistant to harsh conditions Terminology ExplainedPathogen - Verticillium dahliae Inoculum - included all parts of the pathogen (conidia, hyphae or microsclerotia)Microsclerotia – mass of melanised cells (propagule).PPG - propagules per gram of dry soil pgDNA/gm -picograms of DNA per gram of soil.These assays demonstrated suppression of microsclerotia at all rates, whether applied to plates as a spray or drench.SERO-X vs INSECTS:SERO-X vs VERTICILLIUM WILT: Field TrialsReplicated field trials commenced 2017-18Field trials were conducted by Dr Karen Kirkby and the team at NSW DPI over 2 seasons and across 2 valleys. Application & trial design was targeted to prevent microsclerotia developing in infected plant tissue.Over 3,200 soil samples were taken from each trial area. The data presented here is a testament and summary of their hard work.December or when majority of plants are between first square and first flower. February or when majority of plants are between mid to late flowering. With first defoliation.Pre-planting of the cotton (Pre Season) During the growing seasonPost-harvest Post incorporation of the plant material into the soil (Post Season)Applications and method:Foliar sprays were applied at intervals by a ground rig or by aircraft to foliage 1.2.3.Inoculum levels in the soil (propagules per gram of soil) were measured in treated and untreated, and replicated across 3Time points1.2.3.The effect of Sero-X was measured by the comparative differences between the inoculum in the soil pre plant and post incorporation of the soil.SERO-X vs VERTICILLIUM WILT: ResultsN1: Increase in PPG in both treated and untreated blocks however the rise in the treated area was significantly lower.Results 2017-18: Season where conditions saw an increasingpopulation of InoculumM2: Reduced PPG, though not significant, in the treatedblocks whilst the untreated control significantly increased.N11: in a season where the PPG was decreasing naturallythere was an increased reduction.M4: In a season where the PPG was reducing naturally there was an increase in that reduction though in this case not significantly.Results 2018-19: Season where conditions saw a decreasing population of InoculumPage 6SERO-X vs VERTICILLIUM WILT: What does this mean?In seasons where Inoculum in the soil increases Sero-X will limit the increase - or reduce the levels of Innoculum in the soil.In season where there would be a natural reduction, Sero-X can speed up the reduction.1.2.APVMA ConclusionsField and laboratory trial data confirm that Sero-X Pesticide containing 400g/L Clitora ternatea extract, provides effective suppression of microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae in cotton and would assist in management of verticillium wilt as an alternative to crop rotation.AcknowledgementsInnovate Ag thanks Dr Karen Kirkby, Sharlene Roser, the late Peter Lonergan and NSW DPI for going above and beyond in these trials.DNA Abundance Assessment PREDICTA®B and Crown Analytics ServicesMeasuring Propagules per gram of soil was used to assess the impact of Sero-X for APVMA registration. It is very labour intensive and not commercially availablePREDICTA®B - Crown Analytical Services (CAS) partnered with SARDI in 2011 to service their PREDICTA® B soil and stubble borne disease DNA test in the northern growing regionMeasuring the pathogen verticillium Dahliae , including the DNA of conidia, hyphae and microsclerotia.Aim of trials to see if CAS and PREDICTA® B DNA measurement could assess the impact of Sero-X in a commercially scalable way, providing industry with a tool to make management decisions on use of Sero-X.PREDICTA® B gives a result from a sample of soil in Picograms of DNA per Gram of soil (pgDNA/gm/sample). It provides a simple and efficient testing process, where one soil sample can be analysed for multiple diseases.SERO-X vs VERTICILLIUM WILT: Current workSERO-X vs VERTICILLIUM WILT: 2020-21Large plot Pilot Trial – 2020-21Aim: Monitor the change over time of DNA Abundance in the soil, looking to either 1. Limit the increase,2. Reverse the build up or3. Speed up the decreasing levels depending on the season.Site 1Example Site 1Two sites were chosen and two single application treatments made in March and at defoliation.With thanks to CSD for allowing use of their trial sites and to the growers for their ongoing co-operation.Results: Site 1The change in DNA Levelsbetween picking andincorporatingindicate that the defoliationapplication may have been themost effective treatmentas it showed the highest level ofDNA reduction.Example Site 1Site 1: Factor increase in Verticillium dahliae in pg/DNA/gm of soilA single 2lt/ha application of Sero-X at both site 1 and site 2 was shown to reduce the increase of levels ofVerticillium dahliae DNA in the soil at the end of the season.Analysis limited by the number of data pointsA randomised, replicated field trial with more data points required to assess the appropriateness of thismeasurement technique and thus the efficacy of a single application and/or lower rates to compare its effectiveness to the current label use pattern.SUMMARY OF 2020-21Determine rate and timing response of Sero-X in inhibiting microsclerotia.Assess the appropriateness of DNA abundance measurement to Sero-X's mode of actionProvide enough data points from replicated & randomised treatments for statistical analysis.Minimise the effect of the spatial variability across the paddock.3 replicates of 0.96 ha of each treatment.Randomised placement in the middle of the field.4 GPS located sites and 1 broad scale sampled and tested for Verticillium dahliae (pg/DNA/g soil) in each replicate.2021-22 DNA ABUNDANCE TRIAL Trial designed to:1.2.3.4.Treatment ListTreatment 1 - Current program low rate Treatment 2 - DefoliationTreatment 3 - Current ProgramTreatment 4 - Current Program Half rate Treatment 5 - ControlApplications by air @ 30lt/ha (thanks to Exact Aviation)Sampling Time points (TP)TP1 Pre plant - 18/10/21. - To give our starting point for each Data pointTP2 Post Pick – 01/06/22. Prior to incorporation of the plants material into the soil we are not expecting any treatment effect to be evidenced.TP3 Post incorporation – Nov 22.Click here or scanQR code fortrial resultsSERO-X vs VERTICILLIUM WILT: Current workWith thanks to the grower and to CAS, a field with prior history of Verticillium wilt incidence was identified and trial laid out.THE FUTURE AND YOUR SUPPORT:In partnership with The University of Queensland Institute for Molecular Bioscience, we at Innovate Ag and our sister company Growth Agriculture are investing heavily inunderstanding more about the nature of and role these cyclotides will play in agricultural production here and around the world.It is only with the support of growers and the industry as a whole that we can invest in this type of unique, world first research and we thank you for your support.。
Synopsys Maturity Action Plan（SYNOPSIS MAP）说明书
Navigate your way toward building security into your software OverviewAs security and development teams collaborate to improve their software security posture throughout the organization and across their application portfolio, organizations are looking to prioritize achievable risk mitigation goals. They want to determine not only how to improve what they’re doing but also what else they should be doing to meet their objectives. Developing a plan is essential to prioritize funding, streamline resources, and reduce the risk of software vulnerabilities. The Synopsys Maturity Action Plan (MAP) provides software security leaders and practitionerswith actionable guidance for evolving an existing software security program (SSP)or chartering a new one. A MAP starts with an evaluation your security program’s people, processes, and technology using a seven-factor analysis or Building Security In Maturity Model (BSIMM) framework. Synopsys will then partner with your SSP leaders to establish a multiyear strategy that is tailored to maximize ROI and reduce risk within your organization.Actionable guidance from expertsOften conducted in tandem with a BSIMM assessment, the SSP MAP provides a compass for security leaders to navigate the dense field of possible investments across products, projects, and people. Our process is simple, and our expertise is unparalleled.Build consensus for SSP objectivesYour software security initiative must be tailored to your organization. That starts with understanding the risk profiles facing the business, rationalizing stakeholder pressures, and building consensus for a program charter.Determine the current state of your software security activitiesIn this phase, our consultants measure the current state of your enterprise software security activities, including your SSP and your secure software development life cycle (SDLC), using the industry standard for SSP measurement (BSIMM). For organizations with no formal SSP, we recommend a penetration test or secure code review in place of a BSIMM assessment, with an emphasis on discovering defects as early as possible in the SDLC to avoid expensive late-stage remediation efforts.Once your MAP is developed, we can help you socialize it to get the buy-in, resources, and support you need to implement it.Define your target state Our experts will work with your SSP leaders to determine the changes necessary to satisfy SSP objectives and stakeholder concerns. In this phase, our consultants draw on their extensive experience in helping organizations build security into software. Theyalso consider industry best practices, compliance and regulatory obligations, and theorganization’s risk tolerance.Define the path forwardSoftware security is a journey, not a destination. However, building and maintaininga vision of your software security program is essential for success. In this phase,experts will help you to define, prioritize, and rationalize the next 12–24 months oftransformation effort toward the target state.Key benefits• Uncover the software security strategies, capabilities, and activities your organizationshould employ.• Provide management with a high-resolution roadmap for maturing your SSP over thenext two years.• Allocate your budget more effectively by prioritizing high-impact efforts and startinglong timeline efforts earlier in the implementation phase.Take advantage of our 20+ years of experience in implementing successful softwaresecurity initiatives. Once your MAP is developed, we can help you socialize it to get thebuy-in, resources, and support you need to implement it.Consultants will help estimate efforts, define key milestones, and identify quick wins on the way toward the target state.。
Icepak-system-system（系统风扇选择）
System Fan Selection- A Little Planning Yields Big ResultsVivek Mansingh, Applied Thermal TechnologiesChris Chapman, Aavid Thermal Products.IntroductionWithout sufficient system airflow, many of today's electronic products would overheat. Air can flow passively through a system-this is the least expensive and most reliable form of cooling-or it can be driven through the system by a fan or blower. When a fan is required, your system requirements will drive the selection of the right fan for your application. System pressure drop, acoustic restrictions, reliability requirements, and product mobility may all play a role in your decision. With some forethought, and the aid of thermal tools such as thermal modeling software or a thermal management consultant, selecting an appropriate fan will improve system reliability while maintaining your product's goals.Establishing Flow Rate RequirementThe first step in selecting a fan is determining how much air it must move. Calculate airflow from the following thermal equation:Q = Cp × m × (DT) [1]Where:Q = power to be dissipated (watts)Cp = specific heat of air (J/kg °C)m = mass flow of air (kg/s) = Vf x rDT = Tair outlet - Tair inletAnd:VF = air flow rate (m3/s)r = air density (kg/m3)The equation can be rewritten to calculate the air flow rate as follows:QVF = ------------- [2](Cp × r × DT)Example 1: To determine the airflow required in a system that is dissipating 500 watts, operating in a typical office environment at sea level, with a system requirement of 40°C maximum outlet temperature, first find the density and specific heat of air under these conditions:r (sea level) = 1.225 kg/m3Cp = 1005 J/kg °CWe can use DT = 15 °C. This gives us an airflow calculation as follows:500 wattsVF = --------------------------------------------------1005 J/kg °C × 1.225 kg/m3 × 15 °C= 0.027 m3/sec = 57 CFMEffect of Air Density on Fan performanceFrom equation [1], we see that the mass flow of the air, not its volume, determines the amount of cooling. Therefore, a system operating at a high elevation where the air is less dense will need more volume than the same system operating at sea level. Calculate the airflow requirements based on the highest altitude specified for the product. For products that require CE marking, altitude specification is part of the CE certification. Whenever there is a fan involved in an electronic system, the CE documentation should include the maximum altitude at which the fan will provide sufficient cooling.Example 2: To determine the airflow required by the same system in Example 1 if it were moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico, first determine the density of air at 6000 ft:r (6000 ft) = 1.025 kg/m3Cp = 1005 J/kg °CThis gives us an airflow calculation as follows:500 wattsVF = ------------------------------------1005 J/kg °C × 1.025 kg/m3 × 15 °C= 0.032 m3/sec = 69 CFMThe difference in the two examples shows how sensitive airflow requirements are to changes in elevation.Determine System Pressure DropThe pressure drop through the system combined with the airflow requirement will determine the size of the fan. To specify the rough requirements for the fan at the start of the project, use a modeling program, such as Icepak, to give you an idea how much air resistance the components in the system may create. The most accurate way to determine the pressure drop characteristics, however, is by measuring the system at different flow rates. Once the project has reached the prototype stage, measure the pressure drop to pinpoint the exact fan requirements. This measurement requires a specially designed wind tunnel. An outside testlab, such as the one at Applied Thermal Technologies, can provide this characterization for a nominal fee.Select a fan rated slightly higher than your airflow requirements. Look at the impedance curve for the fan. The intersection of the pressure drop and the required airflow should be in the center third of the fan impedance curve (see Figure 1).Figure 1: More complex than an extrusion, these Opti-pin™heat sinks use micro-fins to improve cooling.Other Factors that Affect Fan SelectionFan PlacementThe location of the fan and the direction in which it moves the air through the system can affect the entire thermal design. A fan that is blowing into the system is at the coolest point of the system, giving the fan a longer life. A fan pulling air out of the system provides more uniform airflow throughout the system, while complex system geometry in front of a blowing fan can cause turbulent flow. If the acoustic noise level is important, keep in mind that an obstruction on the suction side of a fan will cause noise an order of magnitude higher than an obstruction on the force side. If an obstruction is too close to the fan, the fan may not function properly or may have a shortened life. The system requirements will often drive the fan location and whether it needs to work in suction mode or force mode.The Apple iMac has an elegant thermal design that allows integration of all the components of a personal computer into a single chassis with a single fan. One of the design requirements for the iMac was extremely low acoustic noise. To accomplish this goal, the thermal designers placed the fan in the middle of the chassis. While this unique location forced the system designers to work around a partition in the center of the chassis, it resulted in a nearly silent computer. Figure 2 shows a thermal model of the iMac. Half of the chassis has the fan pulling air away, while the other half is operating under force mode.Figure 2: These push-pins allow rapid attachment and removal from the video card.For some applications, you may need more than one fan to provide enough cooling. Parallel operation, where the fans blow side by side, is optimum for systems with a low pressure drop, which require higher airflow. We can see in Figure 3 that adding a second fan increases but does not double airflow, unless there is no system resistance.Figure 3: Low-profile fan heat sinks such as this one come with spring-loaded pins in the same patterns as passive heat sinks.Series operation works well for systems with a high pressure drop. Again, from Figure 3, we can see that adding a second fan increases the pressure drop that can be overcome, approaching twice the pressure drop of a single fan as the flow drops to zero.Fan Heat SinksFor some applications an individual fan for a single heat sink will provide sufficient airflow without a system fan. This solution, used in some low-end PCs, lowers overall costs and provides a quieter system. In specific cases, integrating the fan into the heat sink may even eliminate the need for a second system fan. Inclusion of a fan heat sink allows speedy resolution of thermal problems that may arise during product upgrades. Replacing an existing heat sink with a fan heat sink can provide sufficient cooling for a more powerful, and therefore hotter, new product without requiring a total redesign of the thermal solution. In sealed-chassis applications, on the other hand, a fan heat sink may be the only way to provide sufficient cooling for a critical component. The evolving nature of custom-built PCs create special thermal challenges. Frequently the lack of a lengthy design and testing phase results in less than optimum airflow and heat dissipation. Board manufacturers selling to this market can include fan heat sinks to ensure the reliability of critical components.A fan heat sink offers several benefits over a system fan: smaller size, lower power consumption, less acoustic noise, and better integration into the electronics. An integrated fan improves the performance of any heat sink by about 50% to 100% over passive performance. The directional airflow provided by the fan ensures more efficient heat transfer from the fins to the ambient.Fan Reliability RequirementsBecause the fan is one of the few mechanical parts in an electronic system, fan reliability may determine system reliability. For short-lived products, lower fan cost may be more important than longer fan lifetime. For applications where the product will be used continuously for many years, however, such as embedded industrial PCs, a fan with high reliability will better suit the system requirements.Whether the application is a system fan or a fan heat sink, sleeve-bearing fans are the least reliable. Because of their short lifetime, they are not suitable for most applications. Single-ball single-sleeve bearing fans are typically twice as reliable as the sleeve-bearing fans. This life expectancy is still very low for most applications. Dual-ball bearing fans are the most reliable and are recommended for all industrial applications, especially embedded systems.The cost differential between these different fans may influence the decision to use one fan over another. Single-ball, single-sleeve-bearing fans cost 15-20% more than single-sleeve bearing fans. The jump to dual-ball bearing fans accounts for another 15-20% increase in cost. In most applications, the reliability improvement is well worth the additional cost.The fans in advanced fan heat sinks go one step further, incorporating a failure detection method into the design. These fans include a signal interface that connects directly to the system microprocessor. The fan emits two pulses per rotation and sends these pulses through the signal interface to the processor. The processor can then clock the pulses and compare with the speed when the fan is new. When the fan begins to slow down, indicating imminent failure, the processor can begin an automatic controlled shut-down procedure, saving work in progress and allowing repair of the problem before damage occurs to the IC or the data.A similar, proactive fault-detection technique used to protect data in the event of fan failure is the incorporation of thermisters into IC or heat sink design. These temperature probes sense chip temperature, allowing a controlled shut down when the temperature approaches the maximum the chip can handle.The ambient air temperature has a significant effect on fan reliability. Air temperatures greater than 45 °C put strain on most fans, shortening their life. For applications where fan reliability is critical, the design should place the fan in a cool location.RedundancySome applications are so sensitive that they need sufficient cooling, even in the event of a fan failure. Specifically, the NEBS specification requires redundancy in all telecommunications equipment destined for use in Europe. The need for redundancy can drive fan placement. For example, two fans placed in parallel have a higher probability of recirculation in the event of a failure than two fans placed in series.Fan Voltage, Power, and Acoustic RequirementsThe amount of power a fan uses may also play a role in overall system performance. Newer variable-speed fans help make the most of cooling while minimizing power draw. When the user accesses the CPU, the fan speeds up to create more airflow for cooling; when computing decreases, the fan slows, conserving battery power. The lower speed setting also lessens the amount of noise from the fan. These advanced functions are particularly important in notebook computer applications.The current available to power the fan is a small, but determining factor in fan selection. The fan's acoustic rating is another factor that may swing the decision to go with a specific fan.ConclusionInadequate system cooling is the major cause of failure in electronic equipment. While providing a system with inadequate airflow may cause a premature failure, providing more airflow than is necessary usually increases system size and cost. Selecting anappropriately-sized fan and placing it wisely in your system will extend the life of your product and reduce premature failure. By designing the system airflow around the thermal requirements of the whole system, designers can gain competitive advantage in system reliability, system size, and even acoustic noise.。
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© 2003 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
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Measurement and Analysis Group
Evolving a Measurement Program for Systems and Software Engineering Process Improvement
CMMI 2003 Denver, Colorado
Welcome
Tervetuloa
© 2003 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
Improve measurement definitions, data collection
procedures, analyses techniques as needed to ensure meaningful results that support business objectives
Conduct additional measurement and analyses
passes as necessary to gain confidence in the results
Review the initial results with all stakeholders
Prevents misunderstandings and rework
A measurement initiative involves the
following:
Specifying the objectives of measurement and analysis such that they are aligned with established information needs and business objectives Defining the measures to be used, the data collection process, the storage mechanisms, the analysis processes, the reporting processes, and the feedback processes Implementing the collection, storage, analysis, and presentation of the data Providing objective results that can be used in making business judgments and taking appropriate corrective actions
Generate data for derived measures Perform integrity checks as close to the
source of the data as possible
© 2003 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
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Specify Analysis Procedures
Define the analysis procedures in advance Ensure that the results that will be fed back
are understandable and easily interpretable
Collecting data for the sake of showing an assessor the data is worthless Showing how it can be used to manage and control the project is what counts
Specify how to collect and store the data for
each required measure
Make explicit specifications of how, where, and when the data will be collected Develop procedures for ensuring that the data collected is valid data Ensure that the data is stored such that it is easily accessed, retrieved, and restored as needed
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Collect Measurement Data
Collect the measurement data as defined, at
the points in the process that were agreed to, according to the time scale established
Statistical packages Database packages Spreadsheet programs Graphical packages Packages that support data collection over networks and the internet
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Store the Measurement Data and Analyses Results
The stored information should contain or
about measurement results on a timely basis Follow up with those who need to know the results
Increases the likelihood that the reports will be used
Assist the relevant stakeholders in
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Analyze the Measurement Data
Conduct the initial analyses Interpret the results and make preliminary conclusions
from explicitly stated criteria
reference the information needed to:
Understand the measures Assess them for reasonableness and applicability
The stored information should also:
Enable the timely and cost effective future use of the historical data and results Provide sufficient context for interpretation of the data, measurement criteria, and analyses results
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Measurement and Analysis Tools
Incorporate tools used in performing
Measurement and Analysis activities such as:
© 2003 Kasse Initiatives, LLC
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Establish Measurement Objectives
Measurement objectives
Document the purposes for which measurement and analysis is done (GQM) Specify the kinds of actions that may be taken based on the results of the data analyses Continually ask the question – what value will this measurement be to those people who will be asked to supply the raw measurement data and who will receive the analyzed results Involve the end users of the measurement and analysis results in setting measurement objectives whenever possible Maintain traceability of the proposed measurement objectives to the information needs and business objectives