Sep13
瑞典SEP B-13混合动力装甲车辆战术系统
瑞典SEP B-13混合动力装甲车辆战术系统瑞典虽然是永久中立国，不参加任何军事集团，但军工技术却令人瞩目，而且所有军种的主要武器装备，都是自行生产的。
瑞典在装甲车辆方面的成就是公认的，技术方面在全世界居领先地位，包括美国陆军新型“斯特赖克”装甲车都引进了瑞典的技术。
瑞典已经成功的研制出世界上第一种全电动模块装甲战术系统，包括轮式和履带式两种规格，将军用装甲车辆的开发，引入一个全新阶段。
瑞典SEP B-13模块装甲战术系统瑞典阿尔维斯·赫格隆公司正在发展一种先进的“多用途装甲平台”（SEP）B-13模块装甲战术系统，综合一套全电传动系统和可折卸、可互换任务模块系列组件。
主要特点是：全电传动系统真正将发动机和驱动系统分开，发动机带动发电机产生电力并同时向蓄电系统储存，通过电缆将动力传输到电动机来驱动；模块化装甲战术系统、车辆的履带式或轮式平台和乘员模块之间是独立的，可快速拆卸、可互换和可单独运输。
只要根据需要换装不同的任务模块，就能组合出不同用途装甲车辆，多达24种类型。
一、瑞典SEP发展计划瑞典SEP发展工作从1996年开始，分履带式系统和轮式系统两大类型，主要由瑞典阿尔维斯·赫格隆公司负责开发。
瑞典的全电动模块装甲车辆计划一经推出就受众多国家青睐，共同参加研制，主要有芬兰、荷兰、意大利、希腊、瑞典和土耳其等六个国家。
2000年11月，第一辆SEP-履带式示范车辆交付给瑞典国防装备局（FMV）用于评估。
到2003年，车辆已经进行各种不同的试验行程达2,000 公里。
瑞典国防装备局在2001年11月，授予阿尔维斯·赫格隆公司开发SEP-轮式型号合同。
第一辆在履带式系统基础上开发的SEP-轮式原型示范车辆。
在2003年瑞典国防装备局授予一份风险减少合同给阿尔维斯·赫格隆公司，制造第二辆SEP-履带式测试平台车辆。
2004年4月22日，瑞典阿尔维斯·郝格隆茨公司向瑞典国防装备局交付了第一辆SEP-轮式原型示范车辆。
日历记事表
大雪
7-Dec
特殊事项
十三
8-Dec
十四
9-Dec
10-Dec 十五
11-Dec 十六
12-Dec 十七
13-Dec 十八
14-Dec 十九
15-Dec 二十
16-Dec 廿一
17-Dec 廿二
18-Dec 廿三
19-Dec 廿四
20-Dec 廿五
21-Dec 廿六
22-Dec 冬至
23-Dec 廿八
19-Apr 十五
20-Apr 谷雨
21-Apr
复活节
22-Apr
地球日
23-Apr 十九
24-Apr 二十
25-Apr 廿一
26-Apr 廿二
27-Apr 廿三
28-Apr 廿四
29-Apr 廿五
30-Apr 廿六
星期日
星期一
2019年5月
星期二
星期三
1-May
劳动节
星期四
2-May 廿八
May
19-Jun 十七
20-Jun 十八
21-Jun 夏至
22-Jun 二十
23-Jun
奥利匹克
24-Jun 廿二
25-Jun 廿三
26-Jun 廿四
27-Jun 廿五
28-Jun 廿六
29-Jun 廿七
星期日
星期一
1-Jul
建党日
2019年7月
星期二
三十
2-Jul
星期三
六月
3-Jul
星期四
初二
4-Jul
16-Jan 十一
17-Jan 十二
18-Jan 十三
19-Jan 十四
美国商务签在职证明
美国商务签在职证明美国商务签在职证明CERTIFICATIONTO: EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATESSep.13, 2015Dear officer,This is to certify that Mr. XXX serves as an XXX of Company Name . She/he started to work in our hospital from 01/07/ 2012. Her present salary is RMB XXX per month.We have approved her annual leave to travel to the United States from 30/01/2015 to 05/02/2015. The duration of the visit is about 7 days.All the costs of the travel including transportation, accommodation, insurance etc. will be borne by herself. Hereby we guarantee that she will abide by the laws of the United States and return to China on time. We will keep the position for her.Your favorable consideration to her application will be much appreciated.Best Regards,Name （证明人的） Assistant DeanCompany nameTel: XXX美国商务签在职证明 [篇2]X X X XX X X XX X X X Ltd.To: Embassy of the United StatesDear Visa officer:This is to certify works in our company as since the year of His/Her monthly salary is RMB He/She will have a tour to the United States of America fromAll the travelling expenses, including air tickets, transportation, accommodation and health insurance, will be covered by himself/herself.We hereby guarantee that he/she will abide by all the laws and regulations during his staying abroad. We also guarantee that he/she will be back to China on schedule and will continue to work for our company.Yours sincerelyCompany Name: 公司英文名称Add: 地址Tel: 电话Name of the leader : 领导姓名Signature：X X 市X X X X 有限公司在职证明尊敬的美国大使馆签证官：兹证明先生/女士自年来我公司任职，职位是。
躯体体诱发电位SEP对重症疾病的监护
医学ppt
40
Ⅲ波：内上橄榄核及其场电 位，与耳蜗核的电活动有关
医学ppt
41
Ⅳ波：外侧丘系腹核的树突 突触后电位
医学ppt
42
Ⅴ波：多数认为下丘部大的 中央核团区电活动有关
医学ppt
43
Ⅵ Ⅶ波：不稳定
医学ppt
44
3、观察指标：波形、刺激阈 值、潜伏期（绝对、峰间）、
特性分析。
医学ppt
医学ppt
30
上肢SEP在脑死亡时可检出N9， 有时可检出N13。说明刺激冲动已 进入躯体感觉神经系统的周围或其 较低的中枢部位（脊髓），对脑死 亡的判断更为可信，但必须结合临 床。
医学ppt
31
脑干诱发电位(BAEP)的 临床监护作用
医学ppt
32
一、听觉诱发电位分多类：
听觉系统在接受声刺激从 耳蜗毛细胞起至各极中枢都有相 应的电活动。统称听觉诱发电位。 如：耳蜗电位、脑干电位、原发 听皮层的诱发电位、耳周围电位、 皮层慢反应等。其中潜伏期在 10ms以内的一连串电位属早期反 应,称脑干电位（BAEP）。
49
氟烷（Halothane）安氟醚 （Enflurance）用量过大时，对 Ⅲ、ⅤIPL延长。体温下降至32-34℃ BAEP开始有改变，手术 中一过性高碳酸血症、低碳酸血 症、低氧血症对BAEP无明显影响。
医学ppt
50
2、对后颅窝手术监护
医学ppt
51
听神经瘤切出术：听神经瘤 手术后，听力保存率很低。为了 改 善 这 种 情 况 ， 可 用 BAEP 监 护 。 BAEP 改 变 多 在 开 始 分 离 肿 瘤 至 切 除肿瘤及切除以后。观察发现术 中 BAEP 消 失 者 ， 术 后 听 力 多 丧 失 。
WW26P61 NOLAN PANT A-TOP 2-13-12
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Factory Supplied Thread THREAD/MISCELLANEOUS
RuggedCom 产品与功能介绍说明书
RuggedCom News: Products & Functions Werner Jud, RuggedCom Sales CEEVAR Partner Day 2022 │ September 12 -14 │ Zagreb, CroatiaUnrestricted | © Siemens 2022 | Werner Jud | RC-AT DI PA PR DCP | VAR Partner Day 2022 (Sep 13&14)Agenda•Review UCAIop2022 Event at CESI in Milan, regarding IEC 61850 Interoperability testing•SCEP implementation•Crossbow feature update•ACLs (Layer 2 & 3)•Multiple VLAN support•Remote traffic mirroring(RSPAN)•Extended warrantyPage 2Unrestricted | © Siemens 2022 | Werner Jud | RC-AT DI PA PR DCP | VAR Partner Day 2022 (Sep 13&14)Review UCAIug IOP 2022 Event at CESi in Milan, IEC 61850 Interoperability testing Unrestricted | © Siemens 2022 | Werner Jud | RC-AT DI PA PR DCP | VAR Partner Day 2022 (Sep 13&14)Page 6Unrestricted | © Siemens 2022 | Werner Jud | RC-AT DI PA PR DCP | VAR Partner Day 2022 (Sep 13&14)IEC 61850 Users Group & IEC 61850 Interoperability Testing EventPage 7Highlight: Tests of the latest extensions of the IEC62439-3:2021 (Ed. 4. 5.2.2.10, 12/2021) using Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2228 switch with the RNA module, covering PRP -HSR-RSTP coupling where wecould prove our Siemens unique performance.The IEC 61850 Interoperability Test Events consisting of utility users, supplier companies, certification bodies and witnesses dedicated to promoting integration and interoperability ofelectric/gas/water utility systems through the use of international standards-based technologyhttps:///2021-22_IOP/default.aspx •UCA IOP testing events revolving event •This year Face-to-Face July 14-22, 2022•Hosted by CESi: Milan, Italy•Testing of Tools, PTP over PRP , Client/Server, GOOSE/R -GOOSE, SV/R -SV, and SecuritySiemens actively participated in every UCA Interoperability event since 2011 and has played a key role in defining network topologies, network test cases and providing network infrastructure. experts in standardization bodies and active contribution to IEC 62439 and IEC 61850 working groups, have helped develop and improve networkingstandards over the yearsUnrestricted| © Siemens 2022 DI PA S&V DCP VSD-EP Unrestricted | © Siemens 2022 | Werner Jud | RC-AT DI PA PR DCP | VAR Partner Day 2022 (Sep 13&14)Technical Inspection Association Certifications leveraging Interoperability-Secure Product Development LifeCycle from Siemens certified according toIEC 62443-4-1-Secure substation framework from Siemens certified alongIEC 62443-2-4 (requirements for system integrators)IEC 62443-3-3 (requirements for the security functions of systems)Unrestricted| © Siemens 2022 DI PA S&V DCP VSD-EPSeite 8Unrestricted | © Siemens 2022 | Werner Jud | RC-AT DI PA PR DCP | VAR Partner Day 2022 (Sep 13&14)Page 8SCEP implementation Unrestricted | © Siemens 2022 | Werner Jud | RC-AT DI PA PR DCP | VAR Partner Day 2022 (Sep 13&14)Secure communication Data and device settings integrityMalware protectionAutomated PKIGridPassCertificate ManagerBDEWWhitepaper IEC 62443IEC 62351SecurityrequirementsX.509 Digital certificatesAccess control Identity management authenticaterevoke issuerenewAcronyms:PKI Public Key InfrastructureSCEP Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol EST Enrollment over Secure Transport protocol CMPCertificate Management ProtocolAutomatic certificate enrollment protocols: SCEP , EST, CMP , …Automatic or manual certificate managementUnrestricted | © Siemens 2022 | Ruggedcom / Werner JudUnrestricted | © Siemens 2022 | Werner Jud | RC-AT DI PA PR DCP | VAR Partner Day 2022 (Sep 13&14)Page 10CrossBow Serial Feature Unrestricted | © Siemens 2022 | Werner Jud | RC-AT DI PA PR DCP | VAR Partner Day 2022 (Sep 13&14)RUGGEDCOM CROSSBOW support for SIPROTEC 4 Serial devices•CROSSBOW allows an Intelligent Electronic Device(IED) maintenance application to remotelycommunicate with its associated IEDs as if theusers were directly connected to the device.•Large installed base of SIPROTEC 4 andSIPROTEC Compact devices -several hundredthousand devices installed worldwide over the last20 years•Electrical utilities identify cybersecurity as one oftheir top priorities•User Authentication and Role Based Access Control(RBAC) are becoming mandatory requirementsUnrestricted | © Siemens 2022 | Werner Jud | RC-AT DI PA PR DCP | VAR Partner Day 2022 (Sep 13&14)Page 12SIPROTEC device support overviewSIPROTEC 4 (Ethernet based)•DIGSI connection viaCROSSBOW RBAC •Configuration management •FW version management •Data Retrieval (COMTRADE and SOE)SIPROTEC 5•DIGSI connection viaCROSSBOW RBAC •Configuration management •FW version management •Data Retrieval (COMTRADE and SOE)•Change password*Advanced security functionality (customer PKI) is not supportedSIPROTEC 4 Serial•DIGSI connection viaCROSSBOW RBAC•Configuration management•FW version management•Data Retrieval (COMTRADE)*USB interface is not supported•Configuration Management•CROSSBOW connects to SIPROTEC devices, reads config, and compares to known baseline•Alerts are raised when inconsistency detected. Alerts can be exported to external tracking systems (e.g. Syslog) via ELDS ser vice •Firmware Version Management•CROSSBOW connects to SIPROTEC devices, reads FW version, compares to known baseline•Alerts are raised when inconsistency detected. Alerts can be exported to external tracking systems (e.g. Syslog) via ELDS ser vice •Data Retrieval•CROSSBOW connects to SIPROTEC devices, retrieves oscillography files and/or SOEs files. Files can be exported to external FTP server via File Export ServiceUse case. Providing secure remote access and automation functionsCentralized Remote Access•Simplex or Redundant server•Two-factor Authentication•Secure TLS connection to serverfrom client•Optional installation of client onvirtual application server forcentralized virtual clientRemote Location(s)•Access to SIP4 serial devices onthe service/ operator port usingDIGSI4 native protocol*Local connection from DIGSI 4 is still possible via DIGSI cable directly plugged into the deviceIntroducing additional layer of securityCurrent DIGSI4 connection mechanism:•There is no mechanism in SIP4 / SIP4 Compact to check the authenticity of the connecting user•DIGSI 4 does not natively support multiple users or RBAC•Certain actions in DISGI 4, e.g. setting change, command or firmware upgrade command require 6 character numerical passcodes that are sent without encryption via IP or serial to IEDsKey benefits of introducing CROSSBOW solution:•Introduction of additional layer of security when connecting remotely to SIP4 Serial/ SIP4 Compact devices •Automation of configuration, FW and Data management for SIP4 Serial devices•User permission verification before executing DIGSI commandsAccess Control Lists L2&L3What is an Access Control List?•An Access Control List (ACL) is an ordered list of rules to filter and control the traffic on a networking device.•ACLs are configurable by MAC address control entry, IP address control entry and control packet access entry settings.•Rules are defined by an Access Control Entries (ACE).Each ACE includes a match criterion and actions. The match criteria can apply to packet headers.•An action (deny/permit) specifies what to do with the packet when the matching criteria is met.•Actions are applied to the first matching ACE with no processing of subsequent ACEs.MGM ACLACL ID: 1IngressACE with Priority1ACE with Priority2ACE with Priority3Switch ACL 1 P1ACL 2 P2ACL 1 P3Introducing Network Access Control List (ACL) in ROS 5.6.0•Access control list (ACL) are introduced with ROS 5.6.0• A new menu item named ‘Access Control List’ is added to ROS UI under “Network Access Control”•The ACL is mostly designed for filtering data plane traffic but there are 11 control packets (management frames) that ROS will be able to filter as well.•The ACL feature is only available for the ROS product RST2228.Some other devices will be covered in further releases.Scenario-1 (Multiple Ports)• A scenario where a ROS device (3) is configured to accept any traffic from Source 1 and block all other traffic.• A MAC ACE is attached to an ACL of Ingress direction at ports P1 & P2.•Implicit rule (Deny for ingress) will be applicable for traffic from Source 2.ACEScenario-2 (IP ACE)• A scenario where a ROS device (3) is configured to accept traffic from Source 1 and block all other traffic.•An IP ACE is attached with an ACL of ingress direction.•Implicit rule (Deny for ingress) will be applicable for traffic from Source 2.ACLACELimitations of ACL•Currently ACL is only available for the ROS product RST2228. More devices will be covered in further releases.•Control Packets can not be filtered in Egress direction.•Max 116 MAC ACE and 128 IP ACE can be configured.•Max 256 ACLs are provisioned to configure but also limited to maximum number of ports the device in each direction.Remote Traffic Mirroring(aka RSPAN Protocol) MACsecRemote Traffic Mirroring (aka RSPAN Protocol) -Get the full visibility of substation trafficSubstation Layer 2 LAN•One of the switch port configured as “Remote Port Mirror”mode with target device “ID” and target port•Selected ingress traffic is “encapsulated” and sent to the target device over the L2 network•Frames traverse Layer 2 network without alterationCentralized Substation IDS with full traffic visibilityTarget DeviceSubstation FirewallSource DeviceProtection Bay•Target Device receives mirrored traffic that was forwarded by Source Device over L2 network•Traffic is “de-encapsulated” and mirrored locally to the target portUtility WANAttacker injecting malicious traffic locally in the “bay”10 years extended warranty10 Years Extended Warranty•RUGGEDCOM products are designed with long lifecycles in mind to help protect return on investment•Piece of mind to end users thanks to standard 5 years warranty•Now we are glad to offer even higher value •Extended 10-years warranty that can be added as an option to majority of RUGGEDCOM hardware productsNOTE: Available for new devices only and for on configured products only, not loose modules or accessories such as SFPsDisclaimer© Siemens 2022Subject to changes and errors. The information given in this document only contains general descriptions and/or performance features which may not always specifically reflect those described, or which may undergo modification in the course of further development of the products. The requested performance features are binding only when they are expressly agreed upon in the concluded contract.All product designations may be trademarks or other rights of Siemens AG, its affiliated companies or other companies whose use by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the respective owner.Reinhard BesemerField Application ConsultantDI PA DCP SUP PSS 3E-Mail: ****************************Werner JudRegional Sales Manager RuggedcomRC-AT DI PA PR DCPE-Mail: **********************Subject to changes and errors. The information given in this document only contains general descriptions and/or performance f eatures which maynot always specifically reflect those described, or which may undergo modification in the course of further development of the products. The requested performance features are binding only when they are expressly agreed upon in the concluded contract.All product designations, product names, etc. may contain trademarks or other rights of Siemens AG, its affiliated companies or third parties.Their unauthorized use may infringe the rights of the respective owner.。
FR8018-Preliminary 0.1-SEP-2013
23V, 4A, 500KHz Synchronous Step-DownDC/DC ConverterPin AssignmentsSP Package (SOP-8 Exposed Pad)SS VINFBNC GND23465781BST LX SHDN 9GNDFig ure 1. Pin Assignments of FR8018Ordering InformationDescriptionThe FR8018 is a synchronous step-down DC/DC converter that provides wide 4.5V to 23V input voltage range and 4A continuous load current capability. At light load condition, the FR8018 can operate at PSM mode to support high efficiency and reduce power loss.The FR8018 fault protection includes cycle-by-cycle current limit, UVLO and thermal shutdown. Besides, adjustable soft-start or internal soft-start function prevents inrush current at turn-on. This device uses current mode control scheme which provides fast transient response. Internal compensation function reduces external compensator components and simplifies the design process. In shutdown mode, the supply current is about 1μA .The FR8018 is offered in SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) package and provides good thermal conductance.Features● Low R DS (ON) Integrated Power MOSFET ● Internal Compensation Function● Wide Input Voltage Range: 4.5V to 23V ● Adjustable Output Voltage Down to 0.765V ● 4A Output Current● Fixed 500kHz Switching Frequency● External Programmable Soft-Start or Internal 1ms Soft-Start● PSM (High Efficiency at Light Load) ● Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit● Over-Temperature Protection with Auto Recovery ● Under Voltage Lockout ● <1μA Shutdown Current● Hiccup Short Circuit Protection ● FB pin Floating Protection ● SOP-8 Exposed Pad Package ●RoHS CompliantApplications● LCD Display, TV ● STB (Set-Top-Box)● Distributed Power System ●Networking, XDSL ModemC: GreenTR: Tape/ReelFR8018□□□ Package TypeSP: SOP-8 (Exposed Pad)Typical Application CircuitVOUT 1.2VC4R3Figure 2. C IN /C OUT use Ceramic Capacitors Application CircuitVIN VOUT C4R3 1.2VFigure 3. C IN /C OUT use Electrolytic Capacitors Application CircuitFunctional Pin DescriptionBlock DiagramLXFigure 4. Block Diagram of FR8018Absolute Maximum Ratings(Note1)● Supply Voltage V IN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -0.3V to +25V----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -0.3V to +25V● Enable VoltageH● LX Voltage V LX ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -1V to V IN+0.3V● Dynamic LX Voltage in 15ns Duration----------------------------------------------------------------- -6V to V IN+6V● BST Pin Voltage V BST ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- V LX-0.3V to V LX+6.5V ● All Other Pins Voltage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -0.3V to +6V● Maximum Junction Temperature (T J) ----------------------------------------------------------------- +150°C● Storage Temperature (T S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -65°C to +150°C● Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10sec.) --------------------------------------------------------------- +260°C● Package Thermal Resistance (θJA) (Note2)SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60°C/W● Package Thermal Resistance (θJC)SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15°C/WNote 1：Stresses beyond this listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. Note 2：PCB heat sink copper area=10mm2.Recommended Operating Conditions● Supply Voltage V IN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +4.5V to +23V● Operation Temperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -40°C to +85°CElectrical CharacteristicsNote 3：Not production tested.Function DescriptionThe FR8018 is a high efficiency, internal compensation and constant frequency current mode step-down synchronous DC/DC converter. It has integrated high-side (95mΩ, typ and low-side (55mΩ, typ power switches, and provides 4A continuous load current. It regulates input voltage from 4.5V to 23V, and down to an output voltage as low as 0.765V.Control LoopUnder normal operation, the output voltage is sensed by FB pin through a resistive voltage divider and amplified through the error amplifier. The voltage of error amplifier output is compared to the switch current to control the RS flip-flop. At the beginning of each clock cycle, the high-side NMOS turns on when the oscillator sets the RS flip-flop, and turns off when current comparator resets the RS flip-flop. Then the low-side NMOS will turn on until the clock period ends.EnableThe FR8018 H pin provides digital control to turn on/off the regulator. When the voltage of H exceeds the threshold voltage, the regulator will start the soft start function. If the H pin voltage is below the shutdown threshold voltage, the regulator will turn into the shutdown mode and the shutdown current will be smaller than 1μA. For auto start-up operation, connect H to VIN through a 100KΩ resistor.Soft-StartThe FR8018 employs internal and programmable external soft-start functions to reduce input inrush current during start up. When SS pin doesn’t connect to C SS capacitor, the internal soft-start time will be 1ms. When SS pin connects to C SS capacitor, the C SS capacitor will be charged by a 6μA current. The equation for the soft-start time is shown as below:T ms=C nF FμAThe V FB voltage is 0.765V and the I SS current is 6μA.f a 0.1μF capacitor is connected from pin to GND, the soft-start time will be 13ms. Under Voltage LockoutWhen the FR8018 is power on, the internal circuits will be held inactive until V IN voltage exceeds the UVLO threshold voltage. And the regulator will be disabled when V IN is below the UVLO threshold voltage. The hysteretic of the UVLO comparator is 400mV (typ).Short Circuit ProtectionThe FR8018 provides short circuit protection function to prevent the device damage from short condition. When the short condition occurs and the feedback voltage drops lower than 0.4V, the oscillator frequency will be reduced to 150kHz and hiccup mode will be triggered to prevent the inductor current increasing beyond the current limit. Once the short condition is removed, the frequency will return to normal.Over Current ProtectionThe FR8018 over current protection function is implemented using cycle-by-cycle current limit architecture. The inductor current is monitored by measuring the high-side MOSFET series sense resistor voltage. When the load current increases, the inductor current will also increase. When the peak inductor current reaches the current limit threshold, the output voltage will start to drop. When the over current condition is removed, the output voltage will return to the regulated value. Over Temperature ProtectionThe FR8018 incorporates an over temperature protection circuit to protect itself from overheating. When the junction temperature exceeds the thermal shutdown threshold temperature, the regulator will be shutdown. And the hysteretic of the over temperature protection is 60°C (typ).Internal Compensation FunctionThe stability of the feedback circuit is controlled by internal compensation circuits. This internal compensation function is optimized for most applications and this function can reduce external R, C components.Application InformationOutput Voltage SettingThe output voltage V OUT is set by using a resistive divider from the output to FB. The FB pin regulated voltage is 0.765V. Thus the output voltage is: T =0. 6 1 R1R2Table 2 lists recommended values of R1 and R2 for most used output voltage.Place resistors R1 and R2 close to FB pin to prevent stray pickup.Input Capacitor SelectionThe use of the input capacitor is filtering the input voltage ripple and the MOSFETS switching spike voltage. Because the input current to the step-down converter is discontinuous, the input capacitor is required to supply the current to the converter to keep the DC input voltage. The capacitor voltage rating should be 1.25 to 1.5 times greater than the maximum input voltage. The input capacitor ripple current RMS value is calculated as:(RM = T 1 = TWhere D is the duty cycle of the power MOSFET . This function reaches the maximum value at D=0.5 and the equivalent RMS current is equal to I OUT /2. The following diagram is the graphical representation of above equation.A low ESR capacitor is required to keep the noise minimum. Ceramic capacitors are better, but tantalum or low ESR electrolytic capacitors may also suffice. When using tantalum or electrolytic capacitors, a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor should be placed as close to the IC as possible.Output Capacitor SelectionThe output capacitor is used to keep the DC output voltage and supply the load transient current. When operating in constant current mode, the output ripple is determined by four components: R PPLE t = R PPLE C t R PPLE E R tR PPLE(E L t E tThe following figures show the form of the ripple contributions. V RIPPLE(ESR)(t)+V RIPPLE(ESL) (t)+V RIPPLE(C) (t)+V NOISE (t)(t)(t)(t)Application Information (Continued)R PPLE(E R = TF C1 T E RR PPLE(E L =E L L E LR PPLE(C = TFC2L C T1 TWhere F OSC is the switching frequency, L is the inductance value, V IN is the input voltage, ESR is the equivalent series resistance value of the output capacitor, ESL is the equivalent series inductance value of the output capacitor and the C OUT is the output capacitor.Low ESR capacitors are preferred to use. Ceramic, tantalum or low ESR electrolytic capacitors can be used depending on the output ripple requirements. When using the ceramic capacitors, the ESL component is usually negligible.It is important to use the proper method to eliminate high frequency noise when measuring the output ripple. The figure shows how to locate the probe across the capacitor when measuring output ripple. Remove the scope probe plastic jacket in order to expose the ground at the tip of the probe. It gives a very short connection from the probe ground to the capacitor and eliminates noise.Inductor SelectionThe output inductor is used for storing energy and filtering output ripple current. But the trade-off condition often happens between maximum energy storage and the physical size of the inductor. The first consideration for selecting the output inductor is to make sure that the inductance is large enough to keep the converter in the continuous current mode. That will lower ripple current and result in lower output ripple voltage. The Δ L is inductor peak-to-peak ripple current:L= TF C1 TThe following diagram is an example to graphically represent Δ L equation.V OUT=3.3V, F OSC=500KHzA good compromise value between size and efficiency is to set the peak-to-peak inductor ripple current Δ L equal to 30% of the maximum load current. But setting the peak-to-peak inductor ripple current Δ L between20%~50% of the maximum load current is also acceptable. Then the inductance can be calculated with the following equation:L=0. T(MAL= T TC LTo guarantee sufficient output current, peak inductor current must be lower than the FR8018 high-side MOSFET current limit. The peak inductor current is shown as below:PEAK= T(MA L2OUT(MAX)Application Information (Continued)Feedforward Capacitor SelectionInternal compensation function allows users saving time in design and saving cost by reducing the number of external components. The use of a feedforward capacitor C6 in the feedback network is recommended to improve transient response or higher phase margin.C6For optimizing the feedforward capacitor, knowing the cross frequency is the first thing. The cross frequency (or the converter bandwidth) can be determined by using a network analyzer. When getting the cross frequency with no feedforward capacitor identified, the value of feedforward capacitor C6 can be calculated with the following equation:C6=12 F CR1R11R11R2Where F CROSS is the cross frequency.To reduce transient ripple, the feedforward capacitor value can be increased to push the cross frequency to higher region. Although this can improve transient response, it also decreases phase margin and causes more ringing. In the other hand, if more phase margin is desired, the feedforward capacitor value can be decreased to push the cross frequency to lower region. In general, the feedforward capacitor range is between 10pF to 1nF.External Diode SelectionFor 5V input application, it is recommended to add an external bootstrap diode. This helps improvingthe efficiency. The boost diode can be a lowcostone such as 1N4148.V IN D15V PCB Layout RecommendationThe device’s performance and stability are dramatically affected by PCB layout. It is recommended to follow these general guidelines shown as below:1. Place the input capacitors and output capacitorsas close to the device as possible. The traces which connect to these capacitors should be as short and wide as possible to minimize parasitic inductance and resistance.2. Place feedback resistors close to the FB pin.3. Keep the sensitive signal (FB) away from theswitching signal (LX).4. The exposed pad of the package should besoldered to an equivalent area of metal on the PCB. This area should connect to the GND plane and have multiple via connections to the back of the PCB as well as connections to intermediate PCB layers. The GND plane area connecting to the exposed pad should be maximized to improve thermal performance. 5. Multi-layer PCB design is recommended.Figure 5. Recommended PCB Layout DiagramOutline InformationSOP-8 (Exposed Pad) Package (Unit: mm)Carrier DimensionsLife Support PolicyFitipower’s products are not authorized for use as critical comp onents in life support devices or other medical systems.。
石基信息专题报告-新一代SEP推广迎重大突破
石基信息专题报告-新一代SEP推广迎重大突破石基信息专题报告-新一代SEP推广迎重大突破一、公司全面布局大消费领域信息化公司成立于1998年，主要从事酒店、餐饮、零售、休闲娱乐等大消费行业信息管理系统软件的开发与销售、系统集成、技术支持与服务业务，在中国星级酒店业信息系统市场、零售业信息系统市场和主题乐园等休闲娱乐业信息系统市场居领先地位，在中国餐饮信息管理系统市场居相对领先地位。
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在国际化经营与管理的酒店管理软件业务方面，公司基本没有能够与之抗衡的竞争对手，是国内最主要的酒店信息管理系统解决方案提供商之一，其提供的完整解决方案能够覆盖高星级、低星级及经济型连锁酒店。
国内剔除只使用Oracle代理软件的客户，使用石基自主软件的国内酒店客户总数超过1.3万家，公司自主酒店软件在中国五星级酒店市场占有率约60%。
石基酒店业整合解决方案为用户提供多种系统选择，客户可根据自身需求进行选择，全面涵盖用户系统使用的不同需求。
整体解决方案为酒店积极部署整个信息化平台，以为酒店提升用户参与度和转化率为目标，有效进行系统合和数据集成。
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国内，公司的竞争对手主要有：华仪、众芸、泰能等，但均未对公司造成威胁。
公司旗下西软产品在国内四五星级酒店市占率超80%，为国内高星级酒店的酒店管理系统绝对领先者。
在2020年酒店管理系统的TOP10中，西软排名第一，品牌指数超过85。
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海外（尤其是发达国家）的酒店信息管理系统市场发展相对成熟，技术具备优势。
近年来，国内游客海外出行越来越多，加速海外布局大势所趋。