计算机网络体系结构外文翻译
计算机网络体系结构论文外文翻译
附录AWith the new network technology and application of the continuous rapid development of the computer network should. Use of becoming increasingly widespread, the role played by the increasingly important computer networks and human. More inseparable from the lives of the community's reliance on them will keep growing.In order for computers to communicate, they must speak the same language or protocol. In the early days of networking, networks were disorganized in many ways. Companies developed proprietary network technologies that had great difficulties in exchanging information with other or existing technologies; so network interconnections were very hard to build. To solve this problem, the International Organization for Standardization（ISO）created a network model that helps vendors to create networks compatible with each other.Finding the best software is not easy. A better understanding of what you need and asking the right questions makes it easier. The software should be capable of handling challenges specific to your company. If you operate multiple distribution centers, it may be beneficial to create routes with product originating from more than one depot. Few software providers though, are capable of optimizing routes using multiple depots. The provider should be able to support installation of its product. Make sure to clearly understand what training and software maintenance is offered.Obviously, selecting the right routing/scheduling software is critically important. Unfortunately, some companies are using software that may not be best suited to their operation. Logistics actives with responsibility for approving the software ought to be comfortable they've made the right decision. It is important to realize that not all routing/scheduling software is alike！There questions to ask are： Which operating system is used？ How easy is the software to use？ Here is a good way to tell. Ask if its graphical user interface（GUI）is flexible. Find out about installation speed - how long does it take？ Is the software able to route third party customers with your core business？When was the software originally released and when was it last upgraded？In 1984, ISO released the Open Systems Interconnection（OSI）reference model, which is a well-defined set of specifications that ensures greater compatibility among various technologies. In fact, OSI is a description of network communication that everyone refers to. It is not the only network model, but it has become the primary model for network communication. You will see further in this chapter, that the TCP/IP model is only a reduced version of the OSI model. The OSI model consists of seven layers, each illustrating a particular network function.meanwhile, ASP continues to evolve. With the arrival of the millennium came the arrival of ASP version 3. 0. Version 3. 0 was released along with Internet Information Server（IIS）version 5. 0 as part of the highly anticipated Microsoft Windows 2000. By far, the most important new feature of version 3.0 is the addition of a seventh, intrinsic object called ASP Error which should greatly simplify error handling. Other new features include the addition of three new methods to the Server object, and two new methods to both the Application object and the Session object.When programmers design an image editor for example, they don't have to think about adding OSI Layer 7 capabilities to that software, because it has no need for communication with other computers. On the other hand, when creating an FTP client, they must add communication capabilities to that software. At Layer 7 we usually find Telnet, FTP, HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, or SSH. When we say, For Example, Layer 7 filtering, we refer to filtering application data, regardless of what port or computer it may come from.OSI will be a computer network architecture（architecture）is divided into the following seven：The first layer：physical layer（Physical Layer）, provides communications equipment for the mechanical, electrical and functional characteristics and process for the establishment, maintenance and removal of the physical link connection. Specifically, the provisions of the mechanical properties required for network connectivity connector dimensions, pin number and order situation, etc. ;the provisions of the electrical characteristics of the physical connection in the bit stream transmission line signal level of the size, impedance matching , transfer rate from the constraints; features refers to the distribution of the various signals to the exact meaning of the signal, that is the definition of the DTE and DCE function between the various lines; order characteristics of the definition of the use of bit stream signal transmission lines for a group of rules refers to the physical connection of the establishment, maintenance, exchange of information, DTE and DCE on the circuit on double-action series. In this layer, data units known as bits （bit）. Belong to the typical definition of the physical layer specification included： EIA / TIA RS-232, EIA / TIA RS-449, V. 35, RJ-45 and so on.The second layer： data link layer（Data Link Layer）： in the physical layer bit stream to provide services based on adjacent node between the data link, through the provision of error control data frame（Frame）in the channel error-free transmission, and the action of the series circuit. Data link layer in the physical media is not reliable to provide reliable transmission. The role of this layer include： addressing the physical address, data framing, flow control, data error, such as re-issued. In this layer, data units known as the frame（frame）. Data link layer protocol, including representatives of： SDLC, HDLC, PPP, STP, such as frame relay.The third layer is the network layerIn the computer network to communicate between two computers may be a lot of data link may also go through a lot of communication subnet. Network layer of the task is to choose a suitable inter-network routing and switching nodes, to ensure timely delivery of data. Network layer will provide the data link layer packet frame components, including network layer in the package header, which contains the logical address information - - the source site and destination site address of the network address. If you're talking about an IP address, then you are in dealing with the problem of Layer 3, which is “data packets”, rather than layer 2 of the “frame. ” IP is layer 3 part of the problem, in addition to a number of routing protocols and ARP（ARP）. All things related to routing in Layer 3 processing. Address resolution and routing is an important objective of Level 3. Network layer can also achieve congestion control features such as Internet interconnection. In this layer, data packets as the unit（packet）. Representatives of the network layer protocol, including: IP, IPX, RIP, OSPF, etc…The fourth tier is the transport layer process information. At fourth floor unit, also known as data packets（packets）. However, when you talk about TCP protocol, such as concrete and specific when the name, TCP data unit known as paragraph（segments）and the UDP protocol data unit referred to as “datagram （data grams）”. This layer is responsible for obtaining all the information, therefore, it must be tracking data cell debris, out-of-order packets arrive in the transfer process and other possible risk. No. 4 for the upper layer to provide end-to-end（the end-user to end-users）of a transparent and reliable data transmission services. Transparent by means of transmission is transmitted in the communication process of the upper layer shielding the communication transmission system details. Representatives of the Transport Protocol： TCP, UDP, SPX, etc…The fifth layer is the session layerThis layer can also be known as the dialogue meeting between layers or layer, in the session layer and above the high-level, the data transmission is no longer the other named units, known collectively as the message. Session layer does not participate in specific transmission, It provides, including access to authentication and session management, including the establishment and maintenance of mechanisms for communication between applications. If the server to verify user login is completed by the session layer.The sixth layer is Presentation LayerThe main solution to support this level of information that the problem of syntax. For the exchange of data will be suitable for a user from the abstract syntax, into a system suitable for the use of OSI transfer syntax. To provide formatting and conversion of that data services. Data compression and decompression, encryption and decryption so that the layers are responsible for.The seventh layer application layer, application layer for the operating system, applications or network services access the network interface. Agreement on behalf of the application layer, including: Telnet, FTP, HTTP, SNMP, etc. .Through the OSI layers, information from a computer software application for transfer to another application. For example, computer A on the application to send information to the computer application B, then A computer application in information need to be sent to the Application Layer（seventh layer）, and then this layer will be sent to that level of information（sixth floor）, indicating that the data layer will be transferred to the session layer（fifth layer）, and so continue until the physical layer（first layer）. In the physical layer, data is placed in the physical network media and sent to computer B. The physical layer of computer B to receive data from the physical media, and then send information up to data link layer（second layer）, data link layer and then to the network layer, until the information in order to arrive at the application layer of computer B. Finally, the application layer of computer B and then the application information to the receiving end, thus completing the communication process. The following describes the icons in the process.OSI's seven control the use of a wide range of information and other computer systems to communicate the corresponding layer. Control information contained in these special requests, and show that they correspond to the OSI layer exchange. Data at every level of the head and tail to bring the two basic forms of control information.For one to send down from the previous data, additional control information in the front as the head, attached to the back of the end of the control information is called. However, data from one level to increase the agreement and the agreement the end of the first of a OSI layer is not necessary.When the data transmission between each floor, each level in the data can be added to the head and tail, and these data have been included to increase the level of the head and tail. Agreement includes the first layer and the communication of information between layers. Head and tail as well as the data is associated with the concept, they depend on the analysis of the protocol layer module. For example, the transport layer header includes only the transport layer can be seen the information, the transport layer of the other layers below this only the first part of a data transmission. For the network layer, an information unit from the third layer composed of the first and data. The data link layer, network layer by passing down all the information that is the first and third data layer is seen as data. In other words, a given OSI layer, the information unit that contains the data from all parts of the upper head and tail, as well as data, referred to as packaging. For example, if computer A to a certain application data sent to computer B, the first data sent to the application layer. A computer in the application layer protocol data to add up and the application layer of computer B communications. Formed by the first information unit includes an agreement, data, and possibly the end of the agreement was sent to that layer, that layer of computer B and then add that layer of the control information to understand the agreement first. Information on the size of units in each level in agreement with the agreement the end of the first and add the increase in the first of these agreements and agreements contained in the computer B the end of the corresponding layers of control information to be used. In the physical layer, the entire information unit through the network transmission medium.Computer B in the physical layer unit of information received and sent to the data link layer; and B data link layer in computer A to read the data link layer protocol header added to the control of information;and then remove the agreement and the end of the first agreement, sent to the remainder of the network layer. Perform the same at every level of action： from the corresponding first layer to read the agreement and protocol tail, and remove, and then send the remaining first floor. End of application-layer implementation of these actions, the data sent to computer B on the application, the data and computer applications A is exactly the same as sent.An OSI layer and another layer of communication between the second layer is the use of the services completed. Services provided by adjacent layers help a OSI layer with another layer corresponds to the computer system to communicate. A particular layer of the OSI model is often associated with three other OSI layers contact: with the layer directly adjacent to and under the floor, as well as the objectives of the corresponding computer systems networking layer. For example, computer A's data link layer should be with the network layer, physical layer of computer B, as well as the data link layer communication.附录B为了让电脑来沟通，就必须讲同样的语言或议定书。
计算机网路英文总结2
Chapter 2 应用层（application layer）名词解释P2P:对等计算机网络（Peer-to-peer networking）API:应用程序编程接口（Application Programming Interface）Protocol ）UDP:用户数据报协议，在网络中它与TCP协议一样用于处理数据包，是一种无连接的协议。
(User Datagram Protocol)POP3:，即“邮局协议版本3”。
是TCP/IP协议族中的一员，由RFC1939 定义。
本协议主要用于支持使用客户端远程管理在服务器上的电子邮件。
(Post Office Protocol - Version 3)IMAP:邮件访问协议它的主要作用是邮件客户端可以通过这种协议从邮件服务器上获取邮件的信息，下载邮件等。
(Internet Mail Access Protocol)Telnet:远程登录协议。
用于实现互联网中的远程登录功能。
FTP：文件传送协议。
用于实现Internet中交互式文件传输（File Transfer Protocol ）SMTP：简单邮件传送协议。
用于实现Internet中电子邮件传输。
（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）DNS：域名系统。
用于实现网络设备名字到IP地址映射的网络服务。
（Domain Name System）SNMP：简单网络管理协议。
用于管理与监视网络设备。
（Simple Network Management Protocol）HTTP:超文本传送协议。
用于www服务。
（Hyper Text Transfer Protocol）1.三种网络体系结构客户机/服务器结构（C/S）：这种结构分两个部分：服务器和客户机。
服务器就只提供服务，响应客户机的请求；客户机向服务器发送请求，并接收服务。
P2P结构（文件传输，bt种子）：P2P是一种点对点的结构，在纯P2P结构中，没有服务器，每一台接入网络的电脑都是平等的，既作为服务的申请者和使用者，也作为服务的响应者和提供者。
计算机网络介绍中英文
计算机网络介绍中英文计算机网络基础介绍（英文）AD：Introduction to Computer NetworkComputer network is a system connecting two or more computers. A computer network allows user to exchange data quickly, access and share resources including equipments, application software, and information.Data communications systems are the electronic systems that transmit data over communications lines from one location to another. You might use data communications through your microcomputer to send information to a friend using another computer. You might work for an organization whose computer system is spread throughout a building, or even throughout the country or world. That is, all the parts—input and output units, processor, and storage devices—are in different places and linked by communications. Or you might use telecommunications lines—telephone lines—to tap into information located in an outside data bank. You could then transmit it to your microcomputer for your own reworking and analysis.To attach to a network, a special-purpose hardware component is used to handle all the transmission. The hardware is called a network adapter card or network interface card (NIC), it is a printed circuit board plugged into a computer's bus, and a cable connects it to a network medium.Communications networks differ in geographical size. There are three important types: LANs, MANs, and WANs.Local Area Networks Networks with computers andperipheral devices in close physical proximity—within the same building, for instance—are called local area networks (LANs). Linked by cable-telephone, coaxial, or fiber optic. LANs often use a bus form organization. In a LAN, people can share different equipments, which lower the cost of equipments. LAN may be linked to other LANs or to larger networks by using a network gateway. With the gateway, one LAN may be connected to the LAN of another LAN of another office group. It may also be connected to others in the wide world, even if their configurations are different. Alternatively, a network bridge would be used to connect networks with the same configurations.There is a newly development for LANs: WLAN. A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a flexible data communication system implemented as an extension to, or as an alternative for, a wired LAN within a building or campus. Using electromagnetic waves, WLANs transmit and receive data over the air, minimizing the need for wired connections. Thus, WLANs combine data connectivity with user mobility, and, through simplified configuration, enable movable LANs.Over the recent several years, WLANs have gained strong popularity in a number of vertical markets, including the health-care, retail, manufacturing, warehousing, and academic arenas.These industries have profited from the productivity gains of using hand-held terminals and notebook computers to transmit real-time information to centralized hosts for processing. Today WLANs are becoming more widely recognized as a general-purpose connectivity alternative for a broad range of business customers.Applications for Wireless LANs Wireless LANs frequently augment rather than replace wired LAN networks—oftenproviding the final few meters of connectivity between a backbone network and the mobile user. The following list describes some of the many applications made possible through the power and flexibility of wireless LANs:●Doctors and nurses in hospitals are more productive because hand-held or notebook computers with wireless LAN capability deliver patient information instantly.●Consulting or accounting audit engagement teams or small workgroups increase productivity with quick network setup.●Network managers in dynamic environments minimize the overhead of moves, adds, and changes with wireless LANs, thereby reducing the cost of LAN ownership.●Training sites at corporations and students at universities use wireless connectivity to facilitate access to information, information exchanges, and learning.●Network managers installing networked computers in older buildings find that wireless LANs are a cost-effective network infrastructure solution.●Retail store owners use wireless networks to simply frequent network reconfiguration.●Trade show and branch office workers minimize setup requirements by installing preconfigured wireless LANs needing no local MIS support.●Warehouse workers use wireless LANs to exchange information with central databases and increase their productivity.●Network managers implement wireless LANs to provide backup for mission-critical applications running on wired networks.●Senior executives in conference rooms make quickerdecisions because they have real-time information at their fingertips.The increasingly mobile user also becomes a clear candidate for a wireless LAN. Portable access to wireless networks can be achieved using laptop computers and wireless NICs. This enables the user to travel to various locations–meeting rooms, hallways, lobbies, cafeterias, classrooms, etc.–and still have access to their networked data. Without wireless access, the user would have to carry clumsy cabling and find a network tap to plug into.Metropolitan Area Networks These networks are used as links between office buildings in a city. Cellular phone systems expand the flexibility of MAN by allowing links to car phones and portable phones.Wide Area Networks Wide area networks are countrywide and worldwide networks. Among other kinds of channels, they use microwave relays and satellites to reach users over long distances. One of the most widely used WANs is Internet, which allows users to connect to other users and facilities worldwide.计算机网络基础介绍（译文）计算机网络是连接两个或多个计算机的系统，它允许用户快速地交换数据，访问和共享包括设备、应用软件和信息在内的资源。
Computer network中英文对照简介
Computer network计算机网络A computer network is a group of more computers connected to each electronically. This means that the computers can "talk" to each other and that every computer in the network can send information to the others. Usually, this means that the speed of the connection is fast - faster than a normal connection to the Internet.计算机网络是一组多台计算机连接到每个电子。
这意味着计算机可以“讲”给对方，并且每一个在网络上的计算机可以将信息发送到其他。
通常情况下，这意味着连接速度快 - 速度比正常的连接到互联网。
Some basic types of computer networks include:▪ A local area network (often called a LAN) connects two or more computers, and may be called a corporate network in an office or business setting.▪An "internetwork", sometimes called a Wide Area Network (because of the wide distance between networks) connects two or more smaller networks together. The largest internetwork is called the Internet.计算机网络的一些基本类型包括：局域网络（通常被称为一个LAN）连接两个或更多的计算机，并可能被称为一个企业网络，在办公室或业务设置。
计算机与网络英汉对照词汇
计算机与网络英汉对照词汇(U-Z)篇计算机与网络英汉对照词汇(U-Z)篇[U]UDA 统一数据读取UML 统一建模语言UTP 无屏蔽双绞线URL 统一资源定位格式UPS 不间断电源Ultra DMA 33 同步DMA协定UNIX 32位操作系统UNIX 操作系统USB 通用串行总线Users and Groups 用户和（小）组User Datagram Protocol 用户数据报协议User Agent 用户代理USENET USENET网Unshielded Twisted Pair 非屏蔽双绞线UNIX－to－UNIX Copy Program UNIX系统间文件拷贝程序UNIX System Laboratories UNIX系统实验室UNIX International UNIX国际UNIX UNIX操作系统Unit of Work 作业单元，工作单元Uninterruptible Power Supply 不间断电源Unified Network Management Architecture （UNMA），AT＆T AT＆T的统一网络管理体系结构[V]Virtual Desktop 虚拟桌面VoxML 语音标记语言Video Compression 视频压缩Virtual reality 虚拟现实VOD 视频传播系统VESA 视频电子标准协会VRML 虚拟现实建模语言VESA 视频电子标准Volume Spanning 卷宗的跨越Volumes，NetWare NetWare的卷宗Virtual Terminal（VT）虚拟终端Virtual Telecommunication Access Method 虚拟远程通信访问方法Virtually Integrated Technical Architecture Lifecycle 虚拟集成技术体系结构生命周期Virtual File Systems 虚拟文件系统Virtual Data Networks 虚拟数据网Virtual Circuit 虚电路VINES，Banyan Banyan的VINES操作系统Videoconferencing and Desktop Video 电视会议和台式（桌面）视频系统Very Small Aperture Terminals（VSATs）卫星小站电路设备Vertical Wiring 垂直布线系统Vendor Independent Messaging （VIM），Lotus Lotus 的厂商无关消息传递应用程序编程接口“V dot”Standards，CCITT CCITT（ITU）的“V点”标准VAX，Digital Equipment Corporation（DEC）数字设备公司（DEC）的 VAXValue－Added Carrier 增值网[W]WINS IP解析WYSIWYG 所见即所得WEB VOD WEB视频点播Wizard 向导Wavetable 波表合成WindowsCE 操作系统WAP 无线应用协议Workstation 工作站Workplace OS Workplace操作系统Workgroups 工作组，（用户）组Workflow Software 工作流软件Wiring 布线Wireless Mobile Communication 无线移动通信Wireless LAN Communication 无线局域网通信Windows Telephony Application Interface Windows 电话应用程序接口Windows Sockets API Windows套节字（嵌套字）APIWindows Open System Architecture（WOSA）Windows开放式系统体系结构（WOSA）Windows NT Advanced Server，Microsoft Microsoft的 Windows NT高级服务器操作系统Windows NT，Microsoft Microsoft的Windows NT操作系统Windows for Workgroups，Microsoft Microsoft的Windows for Workgroups操作系统Wide Area Networks 广域网WHOIS（“Who Is”） WHOIS数据库[X]XUL 扩展用户接口语言XON/XOFF 异步通信协议X2/DSL 调制解调器XSLT XSL变换描述XUL 扩展用户接口语言XQL XML查询语言XML 扩展标签语言X Window X窗口，X Windows图形用户接口X／Open X／Open公司，X／Open国际联盟有限公司XMODEM Protocol XMODEM协议Xerox Network System Xerox网络系统X．500 Directory Services X．500目录服务X．400 Message Handling System X．400消息处理系统X．25 X．25 协议[Y]Ymodem Ymodem协议[Z]Zmodem Zmodem协议Zip Drive Zip驱动器ZIP 压缩文件格式Zone Multicast Address，AppleTalk AppleTalk的区广播地址Zone Information Table（ZIT），AppleTalk AppleTalk 的区信息表Zone Information Protocol（ZIP），AppleTalk AppleTalk的区信息协议Zone，AppleTalk AppleTalk 的区，AppleTalk的域ZMODEM Protocol ZMODEM 协议。
计算机与网络英汉对照词典
计算机与网络英汉对照词典[A]Alphamosic Graphics字母镶嵌图形Active Directory动态目录ADSI动态目录服务接口Autosizing自动调整大小Anonymous FTP 匿名文件传输Access Control 访问控制ARP 地址解析协议API 应用程序界面ACL 访问控制表Attenuation 衰减ARP 地址解析协议Adapter 适配器Average seek time 平均寻道时间Authorization 授权，认证Adapter 适配器A3D 3D定位音效技术Acrobat Adobe阅读软件AC97 音响数字/模拟转换ACL 访问控制表A3D Aureal声音技术ATAPI AT附件包接口aliasing 混淆utoexec.bat 自动批处理文件API 应用程序设计接口ASP 服务器开发专用脚本ADSL 非对称数字用户线路AVI 影音文件ADSL 非对称数字用户环线Algorithm 算法Alpha DEC公司微处理器Authorwsre Authorware 多媒体创作软件AMI BIOS BIOS基本输入/输出系统AGP 加速图形接口Aactive matrix 动态矩阵Aactive Network 动态网络Authentication and Authorization 鉴别与授权Auditing 审计，计审At Work Architecture，Microsoft Microsoft的At Work体系结构-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [B]BISDN宽带综合业务数字网BRI基本速率接口BIS商务信息系统Bundled Software捆绑软件Bluetooth蓝牙Back Door 后门Bridge 网桥Bit 比特Backup 备份Beta Test Beta测试Bookmark 书签BASIC 编程语言B2B 商务对商务Bandwidth 带宽BBS 电子布告栏系统Beta 测试第二版bit 位Bug 程序缺陷、臭虫Byte－Oriented Protocol 面向字节规程Bus Topology 总线拓扑Bursts 突发传送Burst Mode，NetWare NetWare的突发方式Bulletin Board System 公告牌系统Brouter（Bridge／router）桥路器（桥接器／路由器）Broadcast Storm 广播风暴Broadcast 广播Broadband Services 宽带（通信）服务Broadband ISDN 宽带综合业务数字网Bridging 桥接Breakout BoX 中断盒Border Gateway Protocol 边界网关协议BNC Connector BNC连接器Block Suballocation 磁盘块再分配Bit－Oriented Protocol 面向位协议BITNET BITNET网Bindery 装订Binary Synchronous Communications 二进制同步通信（规程）Bell Operating Companies 贝尔运营公司Bell modem Standards 贝尔调制解调器标准Bellman－Ford Distance－Vector Routing Algorithm Bellman－Ford距离向量--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[C]CFTV付费电视CDMA码分多址技术CRC循环冗余检查CD-ROM只读光盘机CMIP 通用管理信息协议Cable 电缆Cable Modem 电缆调制解调器Chipset 芯片组CNNIC 中国互联网络信息中心CRT 阴极射线管Cache 高速缓冲存储器Client/Server 客户机/服务器Cookie 网络小甜饼Cache 高速缓冲存储器CMOS 可读写芯片CGI 公共网关接口Cryptography 密码术；密码学Corporation for Open Systems 开放系统公司Copper Distri but ed Data Interface 铜质分布式数据接口Cooperative Accessing 协同处理Controlled Access Unit 受控访问单元Contention 争用Container Objects 所有者对象Connection－Oriented and Connectionless Protocols 面向连接和无连接协议Connectionless Network Protocol 无连接网络协议Connectionless and Connection－Oriented Transactions 无连接和面向连接事务Configuration Management 配置管理Conditioning 调节Concentrator Devices 集中器设备Compression Techniques 压缩技术Compound Documents 复合文档Complex Instruction Set Computer 复杂指令系统计算机Communication Services 通信服务Communication Server 通信服务器Communication Controller 通信控制器Communication 通信Common Programming Interface for Communication IBM IBM的通信公用编程接口Common Open Software Environment 公用开放软件环境Common Object Request Broker Architecture 公用对象请求代管者体系结构Common Object Model 公用对象模型--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[D]Dvorak Keyboard Dvorak键盘DDR双倍速率SDRAMDAO 数据访问对象Daemon 后台程序DTR 数据终端就绪DASD 直接访问存储设备DMI 桌面管理界面DPI 打印分辨率DHCP 动态主机配置协议Driver 驱动程序DDN 数字数据网络DRAM 动态随机存取内存DSL 数字用户环线Desktop 桌面、台式电脑Download 下载Digital camera Digital camera 数码相机Dynamic Routing 动态路由选择Dynamic Data Exchange 动态数据交换Duplex Transmission 双工传输Duplexed Systems 双工系统Downsizing 向下规模化，下移DOS Requester，NetWare NetWare礑OS请求解释器Domains 域Domain Name Service 域名服务Document Management 文档管理Document Interchange Standards 文档交换标准Distri but ed System Object Model 分布式系统对象模型Distri but ed Relational Database Architecture 分布式关系数据库体系结构Distri but ed Queue Dual Bus 分布式队列双总线Distri but ed Processing 分布式处理Distri but ed Objects EveryWhere（DOE），SunSoft SunSoft的全分布式对象Distri but ed Object Management Systems 分布式对象管理系统Distri but ed Object Management Facility（DOMF），Hewlett－Packard HP的分布式对象管理设施Distri but ed Name Service，DEC DEC的分布式命名服务Distri but ed Management Environment 分布式管理环境Distri but ed Management 分布式管理Distri but ed File Systems 分布式文件系统Distri but ed File System，OSF DCE OSF DCE的分布式文件系统Distri but ed Database 分布式数据库Distri but ed Computing Environment（DCE），OSF 开放软件基金会（OSF）的分布式计算环境--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[E]Edge Device 边界设备Email Filter 电子邮件过滤器EPP 增强型并行端口Extranet 外联网EISA总线扩展工业标准结构External Bus 外部总线EDO RAM 动态存储器Ethernet 以太网Email client 电子邮件客户端程序Exterior Gateway Protocols 外部网关协议Extended Industry Standard Architecture Bus 扩展工业标准体系结构（EISA）总线EtherTalk EtherTalk 适配器Ethernet100VG－AnyLAN（Voice Grade）100VG－AnyLAN（语音级）以太网Ethernet 100Base－X 100Base－X以太网Ethernet 10BaSe－T（Twisted－pair）10Base－T（双绞线）以太网Ethernet 10Base－5（Thicknet）10Base－5（粗电缆）以太网Ethernet 10Base－2（Thinnet）10Base－2（细电缆）以太网Ethernet 以太网Error Detection and Correction 检错和纠错Enterprise System Connections（SCON），IBM IBM的企业级系统连接Enterprise System Architecture，IBM IBM的企业级系统体系结构Enterprise Networks 企业网Enterprise Management Architecture，DEC DEC的企业（点）管理体系结构End System－to－Intermediate System（ES－IS）Routing 端系统对中间系统Encryption 加密Encina Encina应用程序Encapsulation 封装E－Mail 电子函件Elevator Seeking 电梯式查找［寻道］算法Electronic Software Distri but ion（ESD）and Licensing 电子软件分发（ESD）和特许（ESL）Electronic Mail Broadcasts to a Roaming Computer 对漫游计算机的电子函件广播Electronic Mail 电子函件Electronic Industries Association 电子工业协会Electronic Data Interchange 电子数据交换Electromagnetic Interference 电磁干扰EISA（Extended Industry Standard Architecture）Bus EISA（扩展工业标准体系结构）总线EIA／TIA 568 Commercial Building Wiring Standard EIA／TIA 568 商用建[F]File Server文件服务器FCC & BCC转发与密送Flash动画制作软件Failback 自动恢复FAT 文件分配表FTP Server 文件传输服务器Fax modem 传真调制解调器FDDI 光纤分布式数据接口FAT 文件分配表FLASH 动感网页制作工具FTP 文件传输协议FAT32 32位文件分配表Firewall 防火墙Flash FlashFull－Duplex Transmissions 全双工传输Front－End System 前端（台）系统Front－End Processor 前端（台）处理机Frequency Division Multiplexing 频分多路复用Frames in Communication 通信帧Frame Relay 帧中继Fractional T1／Fractional T3 部分T1／部分T3Forwarding 转发Flow Control Methods 流控方法FINGER FINGER实用程序Filtering 筛选，过滤File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议File Transfer Access and Management 文件传输访问和管理File Systems in the Network Environment 网络环境中的文件系统File Systems，Distri but ed 分布式文件系统Filesharing 文件共享File Server 文件服务器Fileand Directory Permissions，Windows NT Windows NT的文件和目录许File and Directory Attri but es，NetWare NetWare的文件和目录属性Fiber Channel 光纤通道Fiber－Optic Cable 光缆Fiber Distri but ed Data Interface 光纤分布式数据接口Federated Naming Services，SunSoft ONC SunSoft ONC的联合命名服务Federated Database 联合数据库Federal Information Processing Standards 联邦信息处理标准FAX Servers 传真服务器--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[G]GPRS通用分组无线业务GPRS通用分组无线业务3G 第三代移动通信GUI 图形用户界面Gateway 网关Groupware 群件Groups 组Grounding Problems 接地问题Government OSI Profile 政府OSI框架文件Glue，Oracle Oracle的Glue解决方法Global Naming Services 全局命名服务Gateway－to－Gateway Protocol 网关对网关协议Gateway 网关，信关--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[H]HDF 层次型数据格式Hardware 硬件HTTP 超文本传输协议Hacker 黑客HTML 超文本标记语言HUB 集线器HTTP 超文本传输协议HTML 超文本链接标示语言Hard Disk 硬盘Hubs Hub，集线器，集中器Hub Management Interface Hub管理接口Hot Fix，Novell NetWare Novell NetWare的热修复Host 主机Horizontal Wiring System 水平布线系统Hop 跳跃（计）数，过路数，中继数Homogeneous Network Environments 同构网络环境Home Directory 私人目录High－Speed Serial Interface 高速串行接口High－Speed Networking 高速联网高速网包括传输速度高于在1990年前占主导地位的传统传输速度的LAN和WHigh Performance Routing（HPR），IBM IBM 的高性能路由选择High Performance Parallel Interface 高性能并行接口High Performance File System 高性能文件系统High－Level Data Link Control 高级数据链路控制（规程）High Capacity Storage System（HCSS），Novell NetWare Novell NetWare的大容量存储系统High－bit－rate Digital Subscriber Line 高位速率数字用户专用线Heterogeneous Network Environments 异构网络环境Hermes，Microsoft Microsoft的企业网管理系统Handshaking 握手，联络，信号交换Half－Duplex Transmission 半双工传输--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[I]IMAP4信息访问协议4Insert Mode插入模式iPAQ Pocket PCIIS Internet信息服务器IB 智能大厦IrDA 红外线传输装置IIS 网络信息服务器IA 信息家电INF File 适配器安装信息文件Instructions Cache 指令缓存INF File 信息文件Internet backbone Internet骨干网Interface 界面Icon 图标Icon 图标Icon 图标Icon 图标Icon 图标IT 信息技术产业Internal Bus 内部总线IIS Internet信息服务器IT 信息技术IDE 集成驱动电子设备IP 网络协议IRC 互联网中转聊天ICP 互联网内容提供商ICP 互联网内容提供商Isohronous Service 等时服务IS－IS Interdomain Routing Protocol IS－IS域间路由选择协议ISDN／B－ISDN 综合业务数字网／宽带综合业务数字网Iridium System 铱系统Interrupts 中断Interprocess Communication 进程间通信Interoperability 互操作性，互用性Internetwork Routing 网间路由选择Internetwork Packet Exchange 网间分组交换Internetworking 网络互联Internet Protocol Internet网络协议，因特网协议Internet Engineering Task Force Internet工程任务组Internet Internet网因特网-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [J]JPEG 联合图像专家组规范JSP 网页控制技术Java 编程语言Jukebox Optical Storage Device 自动换盘光盘存储设备Jabber 超时传输，Jabber传输[K]Key recovry 密钥恢复Knowbots Knowbots智能程序Key Encryption Technology 密钥加密技术Kernel 操作系统内核Kermit Kermit文件运输协议Kerberos Authentication Kerberos鉴别-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [L]LCD 液晶显示屏Light Cabel 光缆Leased line 专线LPT 打印终端LPT 打印终端接口LAN 局域网LU 6．2 LU 6．2协议Lotus Notes Lotus的Notes软件Logons and Logon Accounts 用户登录和登录帐号Login Scripts 登录原语Logical Units 逻辑单元Logical Links 逻辑链路LocalTalk LocalTalk网Local Procedure Calls 本地过程调用Local Loops 局部环路Local Groups 本地组Local Exchange Carrier 本地交换电信局Local Area Transport 局域传输协议Local Area NetWorks 局域网Local Access and Transport Area 本地访问和传输区域Load－Balancing Bridges 负载平衡桥接器，负载平衡网桥Link State Routing 链路状态路由选择Link Services Protocol，NetWare NetWare的链路服务协议Link Layer 链路层Link Access Procedure 链路访问规程Line Conditioning 线路调节Licensing Server API 许可证服务器APILegacy Systems 保留系统Leased Line 租用线路Learning Bridges 自学习桥接器Leaf Objects 叶对象Layered Architecture 分层体系结构Large Internetwork Packet Exchange 大型网间分组交换Laptop Connections 膝上机联网LAN Workplace Products，Novell Novell的LAN Workplace产品，Novell的局域网Wo rkplace产品LAN Troubleshooting 局域网故障诊断LANtastic LANtastic局域网操作系统LAN Server 局域网服务器LAN Requester 局域网请求解释器LAN Manager，Microsoft Microsoft的局域网管理器，Microsoft的LAN Manager--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[M]Mosaic 摩塞克浏览器MO 磁性光盘Mac OS Mac操作系统MO 磁光盘MCSE 微软认证系统工程师MUD 分配角色的游戏环境Mainbus 系统总线Mainboard 主板MAN 城域网Memory Stick Memory Stick 存储棒MSI MSI 微星科技Multistation Access Unit 多站访问部件Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension Internet多功能邮件传递扩展标准Multiprotocol Transport Network（MPTN），IBM IBM的多协议传输网络Multiprotocol Router 多协议路由器Multiprotocol Networks 多协议网络Multiprocessor Systems 多处理器系统Multiprocessing 多处理器处理Multiplexing 多路复用技术Multimedia 多媒体Multidrop（Multipoint）Connection 多点连接MOTIS（Message Oriented Text Interchange System）MOTIS（面向消息的文本交换系统）Motif Motif 工具Modems 调制解调器Mobile Computing 移动计算Mirroring 镜像Middleware 中间件Microwave Communication 微波通信Micro－to－Mainframe Connectivity 微型计算机到大型计算机的互联性Microsoft At Work Architecture Microsoft At Work体系结构Microsegmentation 微分段Microkernel 微内核Microcom Networking Protocol（MNP）Microcom的联网协议MicroChannel Architecture（MCA）Bus 微通道体系结构（MCA）总线Metropolitan Area Networks 城域网Messaging Application Programming Interface 消息应用程序编程接口Messaging API，Inter－Application 应用程序间的消息传递APIMessaging API，E－mail E－mail的消息传递APIMessage Transfer Agent 消息传送代理Message Queuing Interface（MAI），IBM IBM的消息排队接口--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[N]NOC网络操作中心NAT网址解析NOC网络操作中心NAT 网址解析NDIS 网络驱动程序接口Network Architecture 网络体系结构NSR 渲染引擎NFS 网络文件系统NAT 网址转换NWLink IPX/SPX协议微软执行部分NetBIOS 网络基本输入/输出系统Network interface card 网卡NTFS（New Technology File System）NTFS（新技术文件系统）Novell Novell公司Node 节点，结点，网点Network Troubleshooting 网络故障诊断与维修Network Service Protocol，DEC DEC网络服务协议Networks 网络NetWork Management 网络管理Network Layer，OSI Model OSI模型的网络层Network Interface Card 网络接口卡Networking Blueprint 联网方案Network File System 网络文件系统Network Dynamic Data Exchange 网络动态数据交换Network Driver Standards 网络驱动程序标准Network Driver Interface Specification 网络驱动程序接口规范NetWork Control Program 网络控制程序Network Architecture 网络体系结构NetWare Volumes NetWare的（文件）卷宗NetWare Shell NetWare工作站外壳程序NetWare SFT Level ⅢNetWare的三级系统容错NetWare Products NetWare软件产品NetWare Loadable Module NetWare的可装入模块NetWare Link Service Protocol NetWare的链路服务协议NetWare Electronic Software Distri but ion NetWare的电子软件分发NetWare Disks，Partitions，and Volumes NetWare的磁盘、分区和卷宗NetWare Core Protocol NetWare的核心协议NetWare NetWare网络操作系统NetView，IBM IBM的NetView网络管理系统NetLS（Network License Server）NetLS（网络许可权服务器）--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[O]OEM原装备生产厂商OH调制解调器连线OSD 屏幕视控系统OAW 光学辅助温式技术OA 办公自动化Open Source 开放源代码OSF／1，Open Software Foundation 开放软件基金会OSF／1操作系统OS／2 OS／2操作系统Organization Containers 机构包容器对象Optical Libraries 光盘库，光盘存储库Optical Fiber 光纤Open View Management System，Hewlett－Packard HP的Open VieW管理系统Open Systems Interconnection（OSI）Model 开放式系统互联（OSI）模型Open Systems 开放式系统Open Software Foundation（OSF）开放软件基金会（OSF）Open Shortest Path First（OSPF）Protocol 优先开放最短路径（OSPF）协议Open Network Computing（ONC），SunSoft SunSoft的开放式网络计算环境Open Messaging Interface（OMI）开放消息传递接口Open Document Architecture 开放文档体系结构OpenDoc Alliance，Apple Apple的OpenDoc联盟OPEN DECconnect Structured Wiring 开放DECconnect结构化布线系统OpenData－link Interface 开放数据链路接口Open Database Connectivity（ODBC），Microsoft Microsoft的开放式数据库互联性Open Collaborative Environment（OCE），Apple Apple的开放协作环境On－line Transaction Processing 联机（在线）事务处理Objects，NetWare Directory Services NetWare目录服务中的对象Objects 对象，目标，实体Object Request Broker 对象请求代管者Object－Oriented echnology 面向对象技术Object－Oriented Interfaces and Operating Systems 面向对象接口和操作系统Object－Oriented Database 面向对象数据库Object Management Group 对象管理组织Object Management Architecture 对象管理体系结构Object Linkingand Embedding 对象链接与嵌入Object Broker，DEC DEC的对象代理者软件，DEC的Object Broker软件--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[P]Packetsniffer包嗅探器PHP4嵌入式脚本描述语言Push Technology推技术PVM并行虚拟机Path 路径、通路PKI 公开密钥基础设施Pull-down Menu 下拉菜单PAP 密码验证协议PnP 即插即用PCL 打印机指令语言PDS 个人数字系统PCI 周边元件扩展接口POP3 高级网络协议PHP 服务器端编程语言Plasma Display Plasma Display 等离子显示器Punchdown Block 穿孔板，分线盒Pulse－Code Modulation 脉码调制，脉冲代码调制Public Switched Data NetWork 公共交换数据网Public Key Cryptographic Systems 公开密钥加密系统Public Data NetWorks（PDNs）公用数据网（PDN）PU2．1 物理单元（PU）2．1Protocol Stack 协议栈Protocols，Communication 通信协议Protocol Data Unit 协议数据单元Protocol Converters 协议转换器Protocol Analyzers 协议分析器（程序）Protected of Data 数据的保护Protected Mode （受）保护模式Properties of Objects 对象的性质，对象的特性Propagation Delay 传播延迟Project DOE（Distri but ed Objects Everywhere）企业（工程）DOE（全分布式对象）Private Network 私用网，专用网Private Key Cryptography 私用密钥密码学Privacy Enhanced Mail 增强安全的私人函件Print Server 打印服务器Printingon NetWare Networks NetWare网上打印（服务）Premises Distri but ion System 规整化布线系统Preemptive Multitasking 抢先多任务处理PowerPC PowerPC微处理里器系列PowerOpen Environment PowerOpen环境[Q]|龙哥救急呀，我的Win2k（professional）中了“红色代码III”病毒，该如何手动清除？Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 正交振幅调制，正交调幅--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[R]RDRAM高频DRAMRAID 冗余独立磁盘阵列Registry 注册表RISC CPU 精简指令集CPURegistry 注册表RDRAM Rambus动态随机存取内存RSA Data Security RSA数据安全性RSA数据安全性Routing Protocols 路由选择协议Routing Information Protocol 路由选择信息协议Routing，OSI OSI的路由选择Routing，NetWare NetWare的路由选择Routing，Internet Internet路由选择Routing，IBM IBM路由选择Routing，AppleTalk AppleTalk路由选择AppleTalk路由选择Routers 路由器RJ－11and RJ－45 Connections RJ－11和RJ－45连接Ring Network Topology 环网拓扑结构环网拓扑结构Rights（Permissions）in Windows NT Windows NT权限（准许权限）Rightsin Windows for Workgroups Windows for Workgroups中的权限Rightsin Novell NetWare Novell NetWare中的权限RG－62 Coaxial Cable RG－62同轴电缆RG－58 Coaxial Cable RG－58同轴电缆Replication 复制Repeater 中继器，重复器Remote Procedure Call 远程过程调用Remote Access Software 远程访问软件Regional Bell Operating Companies（RBOC）地方贝尔运营公司Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks（RAID）廉价磁盘冗余阵列Reduced Instruction Set Computer 精简指令系统（集）计算机Redirector 重定向器（程序）RAM Mobile Data RAM 移动数据公司Radio Networks 无线电网络--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[S]SSL安全套层SAA系统应用架构SMP 对称多处理结构SET 安全电子商务协议SNA 系统网络结构Subnet 子网SSL 安全套接层协议Server 服务器SMP 对称式多处理器Serial Interface 串行接口SOHO 小型办公与家庭办公Scanner 扫描仪Search Engine 搜索引擎Screen Saver 屏幕保护程序Socket 7 接口结构SONET 同步光纤网SMTP 简单邮件传送协议SCSI 小型计算机系统接口SGRAM 同步图形动态随机存取内存SDRAM 同步动态随机存取内存SystemView，IBM IBM的SystemView网络管理系统Systems Network Architecture（SNA），IBM IBM 系统网络体系结构Systems Application Architecture 系统应用体系结构System Object Model（SOM），IBM IBM的系统对象模型（SOM）System Fault Tolerance 系统容错Synchronous Optical Network 同步光纤网Synchronous Data Link Control 同步数据链路控制（规程）Synchronous Communication 同步通信Symmetrical Multiprocessing 对称多处理Switching Hubs 交换式集线器Switched Virtual Circuit 交换式虚电路Switched Services 交换式服务Switched Multimegabit Data Service 交换式多兆位数据服务Switched－56 Services Switched－56服务，交换式56服务Surge Suppressors 浪涌电压抑制器，电涌抑制器Supervisor 超级用户，监管员SunOS，SunSoft SunSoft的SunOS操作系统SunNet Manager，Sun Microsystems，Inc．Sun公司的SunNet Manager Sun Microsystems，Inc．Sun 微系统公司SunLink Network Sunlink网--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[T]TFT 有源矩阵彩色显示器TFTP 小文件传输协议Transport layer 传输层Taskbar 任务条Twisted－Pair Cable 双绞线，双绞线电缆Tuxedo，UNIX System Laboratories UNIX系统实验室的Tuxedo中间件Tunneling 管道传送，隧道，管道传输Trustees 受托者Troubleshooting 故障诊断与维修，排错Trivial File Transfer Protocol 普通文件运输协议Transport Protocol 传输协议Transport Layer Interface 运输层接口Transport Layer，OSI Model OSI模型的运输层Transmission Media，Methods，and Equipment 传输介质、方法和设备Transmission Control Protocol／Internet Protocol 传输控制协议／Internet协议Transfer Rates 传输率Transceiver，Ethernet 以太网收发器，以太网的接收发送器Transaction Processing 事务处理Topology 拓扑结构Token Ring NetWork 令牌环网Token Bus NetWork 令牌总线网Token and Token Passing Access Methods 令牌和令牌传递访问方式Time Synchronization Services 时间同步服务Time Domain Reflectometer 时域反射计（仪，器）Throughput 吞吐率，处理能力Threads 线程Testing Equipment and Techniques 测试设备和技术Terminator 终端器，终结器，终止器Terminal Servers 终端服务器Terminal 终端Telnet Telnet程序Telenet Telenet网Telecommunication 电信，远程通信Technical Office Protocol 技术办公系统协议TeamLinks，DEC DEC的群件TeamLinksTaligent Taligent公司T1／T3 Services T1／T3服务--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[U]UDA统一数据读取UML 统一建模语言UTP 无屏蔽双绞线URL 统一资源定位格式UPS 不间断电源Ultra DMA 33 同步DMA协定UNIX 32位操作系统UNIX 操作系统USB 通用串行总线Users and Groups 用户和（小）组User Datagram Protocol 用户数据报协议User Agent 用户代理USENET USENET网Unshielded Twisted Pair 非屏蔽双绞线UNIX－to－UNIX Copy Program UNIX系统间文件拷贝程序UNIX System Laboratories UNIX系统实验室UNIX International UNIX国际UNIX UNIX操作系统Unit of Work 作业单元，工作单元Uninterruptible Power Supply 不间断电源Unified Network Management Architecture（UNMA），AT＆T AT＆T的统一网络管理体系结构--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[V]Virtual Desktop虚拟桌面VoxML语音标记语言Video Compression 视频压缩Virtual reality 虚拟现实VOD 视频传播系统VESA 视频电子标准协会VRML 虚拟现实建模语言VESA 视频电子标准Volume Spanning 卷宗的跨越Volumes，NetWare NetWare的卷宗Virtual Terminal（VT）虚拟终端Virtual Telecommunication Access Method 虚拟远程通信访问方法Virtually Integrated Technical Architecture Lifecycle 虚拟集成技术体系结构生命周期Virtual File Systems 虚拟文件系统Virtual Data Networks 虚拟数据网Virtual Circuit 虚电路VINES，Banyan Banyan的VINES操作系统Videoconferencing and Desktop Video 电视会议和台式（桌面）视频系统Very Small Aperture Terminals（VSATs）卫星小站电路设备Vertical Wiring 垂直布线系统Vendor Independent Messaging （VIM），Lotus Lotus 的厂商无关消息传递应用程序编程接口“V dot”Standards，CCITT CCITT（ITU）的“V点”标准VAX，Digital Equipment Corporation（DEC）数字设备公司（DEC）的VAXValue－Added Carrier 增值网[W]WINS IP解析WYSIWYG 所见即所得WEB VOD WEB视频点播Wizard 向导Wavetable 波表合成WindowsCE 操作系统WAP 无线应用协议Workstation 工作站Workplace OS Workplace操作系统Workgroups 工作组，（用户）组Workflow Software 工作流软件Wiring 布线Wireless Mobile Communication 无线移动通信Wireless LAN Communication 无线局域网通信Windows Telephony Application Interface Windows 电话应用程序接口Windows Sockets API Windows套节字（嵌套字）APIWindows Open System Architecture（WOSA）Windows开放式系统体系结构（WOSA）Windows NT Advanced Server，Microsoft Microsoft的Windows NT高级服务器操作系统Windows NT，Microsoft Microsoft的Windows NT操作系统Windows for Workgroups，Microsoft Microsoft的Windows for Workgroups操作系统Wide Area Networks 广域网WHOIS（“Who Is”）WHOIS数据库--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[X]XUL扩展用户接口语言XON/XOFF异步通信协议X2/DSL调制解调器XSLT XSL变换描述XUL 扩展用户接口语言XQL XML查询语言XML 扩展标签语言X Window X窗口，X Windows图形用户接口X／Open X／Open公司，X／Open国际联盟有限公司XMODEM Protocol XMODEM协议Xerox Network System Xerox网络系统X．500 Directory Services X．500目录服务X．400 Message Handling System X．400消息处理系统X．25 X．25 协议--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[Y]Ymodem Ymodem协议--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[Z]Zmodem Zmodem协议Zip Drive Zip驱动器ZIP 压缩文件格式Zone Multicast Address，AppleTalk AppleTalk的区广播地址Zone Information Table（ZIT），AppleTalk AppleTalk 的区信息表Zone Information Protocol（ZIP），AppleTalk AppleTalk的区信息协议Zone，AppleTalk AppleTalk 的区，AppleTalk的域ZMODEM Protocol ZMODEM 协议Aabsolute positioning 絕對定位abstract windows toolkit 抽象窗口工具庫accumulator 累加器active multi-media 動態多媒體address 地址，[台]位址AI-searching 智能搜索引擎alphamosic graphics 字母鑲嵌圖形alphanumeric 字母數字，[台]文數American on Line 美國在線，美國連線，[台]美國線上American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美國信息交換標準代碼analog 模擬，[台]類比AND gate 與門，[台]及閘AOL (American on Line) 美國在線，美國連線，[台]美國線上API (application programming interface) 應用編程接口，應用編程界面，[台]應用程式介面，[港]應用程式編寫介面applet 支程序，小應用程序application-oriented language 面向應用的語言，[台]應用導向語言application programming interface 應用編程接口，應用編程界面，[台]應用程式介面，[港]應用程式編寫介面application service provider 應用服務提供商[港]應用服務供應商ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) 美國信息交換標準代碼ASP (application service provider) 應用服務提供商[港]應用服務供應商assembler 匯編器，匯編程序，[台]組譯器，組合程式asynchronous transfer mode 異步傳輸模式，[台]非同步傳輸模式ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) 異步傳輸模式，[台]非同步傳輸模式audio card 聲卡AWT (abstract windows toolkit) 抽象窗口工具庫Bbackground 後台，[台]背景，次優bandwidth 帶寬，通訊頻帶，[台/港]頻寬baseband 基帶，[台/港]基頻BBS (bulletin board system) 公告牌系統，電子公告系統，電子公告欄，電子佈告系統，[台]電子佈告欄BFT (binary file transfer) 二進制文件傳輸Big-5 大五碼，[台]五大碼，大五碼binary file transfer 二進制文件傳輸binary runtime environment for wireless 無線二進制碼，[港]無�二位元?#92;行環境軟件bit 位，比特，[台]位元，數元bit-slice 位片，[台]位元切片，位片劃分bluetooth ?#123;牙，[港]?#123;芽boot 引導bootstrap 引導程序，引導指令，輔助程序，[台]啟動程式BREW (binary runtime environment for wireless) 無線二進制碼，[港]無�二位元? #92;行環境軟件broadband 寬帶，[台/港]寬頻broken link 斷鏈browser 瀏覽器buffer 緩存器，[台/港]緩衝器bulletin board system 公告牌系統，電子公告系統，電子公告欄，電子佈告系統，[台]電子佈告欄bus 總線，匯流排bus network 總線網，[港]幹線網絡byte 字節，[台]位元組，數元組byte code 字節碼CC-MARC format (Chinese machine readable cataloging format) [台]中國機讀編目格式cable modem 線纜?#123;制解?#123;器，[港]電纜數據機calendar server 日歷服務器call on motion 動態監測cascading style sheets 層疊樣式表，串接樣式表，級聯風格表單CASE (compter aided software engineering) 計算機輔助軟件工程，[港]電腦軟件輔助工程case sensitive 區分大小寫CCCII (Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange) 漢字信息交換碼，[台]漢字資訊交換碼，中文資訊交換碼CD-E (compact disc-erasable) [台/港]可擦除式光碟CD-I 交互式光盤CD-R (compact disc-recordable) 光盤刻錄機，[港]光碟燒錄機CD-ROM 光盤，唯讀光盤，只讀光盤，[台/港]光碟，唯讀光碟CD-ROM drive 光盤驅動器，[港]光碟機，[台]唯讀光碟機CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable) 可擦寫刻錄機，[港]可重寫光碟燒錄機CDMA (code division multiple access) 碼分多址certificate server 認證服務器CERNET (China Education and Research Network) 中國教育和科研計算機網CGI (common gateway interface) 通用網關接口，公用網關接口，公共網關接口channel definition format 通道定義格式，頻道定義格式character 字符，[台]字元China Education and Research Network 中國教育和科研計算機網China machine readable cataloging format 中國機讀目錄格式China MARC format (China machine readable cataloging format)中國機讀目錄格式Chinanet 中國公用計算機交互網Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange 漢字信息交換碼，[台]漢字資訊交換碼，中文資訊交換碼Chinese machine readable cataloging format [台]中國機讀編目格式Chinese MARC format (Chinese machine readable cataloging format) [台]中國機讀編目格式CIMS (computer integrated manufacturing system) 計算機集成制造系統click 點擊，[港]按掣client 客戶，客戶機，客戶端，[台]客戶端，用戶端，用者端CMOS RAM (complementary metal oxide semiconductor random access memory)互補金屬氧化物半導體隨機存儲器code division multiple access 碼分多址code snippet 代碼片斷cold link 冷鏈接collabra 新聞閱讀器collabra server 新聞組服務器COM (component object model) 組件對象模式，組件對象模型common gateway interface 通用網關接口，公用網關接口，公共網關接口compact disc-erasable [台/港]可擦除式光碟compact disc-recordable 光盤刻錄機，[港]光碟燒錄機compact disc-rewritable 可擦寫刻錄機，[港]可重寫光碟燒錄機compatibility 兼容性，[台]相容性，互換性complementary metal oxide semiconductor random access memory 互補金屬氧化物半導體隨機存儲器component object model 組件對象模式，組件對象模型computer aided software engineering 計算機輔助軟件工程，[港]電腦軟件輔助工程computer integrated manufacturing system 計算機集成制造系統computer supported cooperative work 計算機支持的協同工作，[台]電腦輔助群體合作computer-to-plate 電腦直接製版技術computing 計算corporate user [港]公司用戶cracker 闖入者，[港]破網客cross-platform 跨平臺cross platform extension 跨平臺擴展器CSCW (computer supported cooperative work) 計算機支持的協同工作，[台]電腦輔助群體合作CSS (cascading style sheets) 層疊樣式表，層疊樣式單，串接樣式表，級聯風格表單cyber cash 電子貨幣cyberspace 信息空間，電腦空間，網絡空間DDAB (digital audio broadcasting) 數字音頻廣播，[港]數碼音頻廣播，數字音訊廣播data 數據，[台]資料data exchange interface 數據交換接口data mining 數據開發，數據採集，數據採掘，[台]資料探勘，[港]數據開拓data sharing 數據共享data warehouse 數據?#125;庫，[台]資料?#125;儲data warehousing [港]數據貯存database 數據庫，[台]資料庫，資料基daughter card 子卡deadlock 死鎖，[台]死結，停滯debug 排錯，[台]除錯，[港]偵錯，除蟲demand paging 請求?#123;頁，[台]需量播叫DEN (directory enabled network) 目錄驅動網絡dense wavelength division multiplexing 高密度波分多路?#125;用，密集波分多路?#125;用，[港]密集波分?#125;用技術destination document 目的地文件DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 動態主機配置協議，[港]動態主機配置協定DHTML (dynamical hypertext markup language) 動態超文本置標語言digerati [港]數位精英digital audio broadcasting 數字音頻廣播，[港]數碼音頻廣播，數字音訊廣播digital library 數字化圖書館，數字圖書館，[台]數位圖書館，電子圖書館，[港]數碼圖書館digital loop carrier [台]數位迴路載波器digital nervous system 數字神經系統，[港]數位神經系統digital right management 數字內容權利保護，數碼權利管理，[港]數碼權益管理digital signal processor 數字信號處理器digital subscriber line 數字用戶線，[港]數碼用戶線路digital video disc 數字視盤，[港]數碼影像光碟，數碼視像光碟，數碼影碟direct memory access 直接內存存取directory 目錄，[台]目錄，指南directory enabled network 目錄驅動網絡directory server 目錄服務器directory service 目錄服務，名錄服務DIS (distri but ed interactive simulation) 分佈式交互仿真disassembler 反匯編，[台]分解器diskette 軟磁盤，[台]軟磁片，[港]軟磁碟distri but ed interactive simulation 分佈式交互仿真。
计算机网络所有常用中英文对称解释
第一章：调制解调器：Modem国家标准化组织：ISO开放系统互连参考模型：OSI/RM 国家信息基础设施：NII电子邮件：E-mail电子商务：E-Commerce公用计算机互联网：CHINANET 网络操作系统：NOS网间包交换协议：IPX传输控制协议/网际协议：TCP/IP网络管理系统软件：NMS简单网络管理协议：SNMP局域网：LAN城域网：MAN广域网：WAN数字数据网：DDN公共电话网：PSTM：帧中继：FR客户机/服务器：Client/Server第二章：数据终端设备：DTE数据端接设备：DCE异步传输模式：ATM循环冗余码校验：CRC第三章：服务访问点：SAP数据终端设备：DTE数据电路终接设备：DCE美国电子工业协会：EIA虚拟终端：VT虚拟终端协议：VTP介质访问控制：MAC载波侦听多路访问：CSMA/CD逻辑链路控制：LLC介质连接单元：MAC集线器：Hub交换机：Swicth非屏蔽双绞线：UTP宽带综合业务数字：B-ISDN服务质量：QoS光纤分布数据接口：FDDI美国国防部高级研究计划署：ARPA网际控制报文协议：ICMP 地址解析协议：ARP逆向地址解析协议：RARP 传输控制协议：TCP用户数据报协议：UDP文件传输协议：FTP远程登录协议：Telnet简单邮件传输协议：SMTP 超文本传输协议HTTP路由信息协议：RIP域名服务：DNS公共交换电话网：PSTN综合业务数字网：ISDN数字数据网：DDN点对点协议：PPP帧中继：FR第四章：非屏蔽双绞线：UTP屏蔽双绞线：STP国际电气工业协会：EIA 光纤插座：FJ发光二极管：LED注入型激光二极管：ILD单模光纤：SMF多模光纤：MMF第五章：网卡：NIC网桥：Bridge交换机：Switch虚拟局域网：VLAN服务质量：QoS路由选择信息协议：RIP内部网关路由协议：IGRPInternet接入访问提供商：ISP中继器：RP第六章：美国国防部高级研究计划局：ARPA 美国国家科学基金会：NSF国家信息基础设施：NII中国公用计算机互联网：CHINANET 中国科技网：CSTNET中国教育和科研计算机网：CERNET 中国金桥网：CHINAGBN简单邮件传输协议：SMTP邮局传输协议：POP3网络虚拟终端：NVT万维网：WWW统一资源定位器：URL超文本标记语言：HTML即时通讯：IM超文本传输协议：HTTP国家科学基金会：NSFNET Tnternet网络信息中心：NIC “与”：AND域名服务：DNS国际互联网络信息中心：TnterNIC 中国互联网络信息中心：CNNIC ISDN配适器：TA虚拟私有网络：VPN非对称数字用户线：ADSL第七章：控制报文协议：ICMP网络管理系统：NMS管理信息库：MIB远程监控：RMON黑客：Hacker防火墙：Firewall第八章：家庭网络：SOHO计算机局域网络：WLAN 介质存取控制层：MAC。
计算机网络专业英语(已排版可直接打印)
Aaccess 访问access control 访问控制access matrix 访问矩阵account 帐号ACL(access control list) 访问列表acquisition confirm 获取确认acquisition request 获取请求across certificate交叉证书active 激活address size 地址ADSL 对称数字用户服务线ADSL(asymmetric digital subscriber line) 不对称数字用户AFS(andrew ) 分布式文件系统agent 代理AH(authentication header 鉴别报头ANSI 美国国家标准协会ASK(amplitude shift keying) 幅移键控法assume 担任asymmetric key cryptography 不对称加密ATM( Asynchronous Transfer Mode) 异步传输模式attempt limit 最大重传次数AUI 连接单元接口authenticated 已认证authentication 鉴别authentication mechanisms路由控制机制authenticatior 身份认证awareness互相感知Bback 前一步back off limit 避免算法参数BIOS(Basic-input-Output System) 基本输入输出系统bridge 网桥broadcast storm 广播风暴BtoC(B2C)business to consumer 企业对消费者BtoG(business to government 企业对政府cCA(certificate authority)证书权威机构Cable-modem机顶盒catalog 目录手册CBX(computerized branch exchange) 程控交换CCITT 国际电报电话咨询委员会CDE(common desktop environment) 通用桌面环境CD-R 光盘刻录机CD-ROM 光盘驱动器(光驱)cease 中止cell rate decoupling 信元率去耦certificate证书certificate hierarchy 证书层次结构certificate verify 证书检验报文CGI(common gateway interface) 公用网关接CHAP(challenge handshake authenticationprotocol) 请求握手验证协议chat 闲谈chip 芯片ciphertext 脱密click 点击Client/Server 客户机/服务器cluster 群集地址CMIS/CMIP公共管理信息服务/协议CMISE 公共管理信息服务code 密码CODEC(Code decoder) 编码解码器collaboration 协作collabration/cooperation 协调和协作方式collaspsed backone折叠式主干网co-located 同地协作column 行commerce 主题compatibility 兼容性computer language 计算机语言言configuration 配置content/message 内容cooperation协同coordination 协调copy 复制CORBA 面向对象的分布系统应用COSE(common open softwareenvironment) 普通开放软件环境RPC远程过程调用COSE(common opensystem environment)通用开放系统环境course grained 粗粒度访问控制CPU(Central Processing Unit) 央处理单元cruise 漫游CSCL(Computer Supported CooperativeLearning) 计算机支持的合作学习CSCW(computer supported cooperativework 计算机支持协同工作CSMA/CD 载波监听多路访问/冲突检测cut 剪切Ddata 数据data base数据库data confidentiality 保密data integrity 数据完整性DBMS(Data Base Manage System) 数据库管理系统DBS(direct broadcast satellite) 直播广播卫星DCE(distributed computing environment) 分布计算环境DDCS 数据库管理和分布数据库连接服务debug 调试decryption 解密default receive windows) 预设接收窗口Demo 演示DES(data encryption standard) 数据加密标准description描述Destination Folder目的文件夹digital signature mechanisms数据完整性distance education/learning 远程教育DNS(domain name service) 域名服务DNA 数字网络体系构double click 双击dummy 哑终端Eedit 编辑educational groupware system教育组件系统EEI(extenal environment interface) 扩展环境接口EGP(exterior gateway protocol) 扩展网关协议Email 电子邮件encapsulation 封装enciphermant 加密机制encopulation security payload 封装安全负载encryption 加密exception异常execute 执行exit 退出FFCS 帧校验序FDM 频分路复用find file文件查寻fine grained 细粒度访问控制finish 结束Firewall 防火墙Fixed disk setup program 硬盘安装程序Floppy Disk软盘folder 文件夹font 字体FSK(frequency shift eying) 移键控法full screen全屏function 函数Ggateway 网关graphics 图形groupware群件GSM(roup pecial mobile) 移动通讯GSS-API 通用安全服务GUI(graphical user interfaces ) 图形用户界面HHard Disk硬盘HDSL(high bit rate) 两对双绞线Homepage 主页HTML hypertext markup language 超文本语言HUB 集线器hyperlink超级链接hypertext超文本IICCC 国际计算机信会议ICMP internet 控制报文协议icon 图标ICQ 网上寻呼IDEA(international data encryptionalgorithm) 国际加密算法IE(Internet Explorer) 微软公司的网络浏览器IGP(inter gateway protocol) 内部网关连接器协议IGP(interior gateway rotocol) 核心网关协议IIS(Internet Informationserver) internet 信息服务IKE(Internet key exchange) 因特网密钥交换image 图像IMAP(internet message accessprotocol) 协议integrated model 集成模型Inter Frame Gap 帧interactive communication交互通信interenterprise computing企业间的计算interface界面Internal web 内部环球网Internet 互联网internetworked enterprise互联网上的企业interrupt中断inverted 颠倒IP(Address)互联网议(地址)IPSEC(IP security)安全IPIPSP(IP security protocol) IP安全协议IRC(internet relay chat) 聊天ISO 国际标准化组织ISP(internet service provider) 服务商JJam size 阻塞参数KDC(key distribuetion center) 密钥分发中心Kkeyboard 键盘LLAN 局域网LAPB(line access protocol balanced)链路访问协议平衡LDAP(light weight directory access protocol)轻量目录访问协议license 许可(证)LIP(serial line)IP串行IPLynx Mosaic Netscape Hotjava浏览器Mmail lists 邮件列表mainboard主板manual 指南MAU 介质连接口max frame size 最大帧MDI 介质相关接口medium grained 中粒度访问控制message systems 信报系统middleware 中间件MIPS PC的处理能力Modem(MOdulator-DEModulator)调制解调器monitor 监视器more flag标识mouse 鼠标MSS(maximum segment size)最大分段尺寸MTU(maximum transmission unit) 最大传输单位multi homed多宿主multicast组播地址multimedia 多媒体NNAT(network address translation) 网络地址转换Navigator网景公司的浏览器NCP(network control protocol) 网络控制协议NDIS(network device interface specification)网络设备接口network-based distance education 远程网络教育newgroups新闻组next 下一步nonlinear encoding非线性编程non-reputation 防止否认notarization mechanisms 公证NRZ (Non return to zero) 不归零制NSP(name service protocol) 域名服务协议NTDS(windows NT directory server) windows NT目录服务NWC(newwave computingHP) 新波形计算Oobject 对象OCCA(open cooperative computingarchitecture) 开放合作计算体系结构ODI 开放数据链路接口OEM 原始设备制造商offset 偏移On semble stackable 10BASE 可叠加组合型集线器online 在线OO(Object-Oriented) 面向对象option pack功能补丁OSF 开放软件中心OSF(open software foundation) 开放软件基金OSPF 开放最短径优先协议OSPF(open shortest path controlprotocol) 开放的最短路径优先协议PPABX(private automatic branch exchange) 自动交换机PAD 填充字段pan 漫游PAP(password authentication protocol)密码验证协议paragraph段落password 口令paste 粘贴PBX(private branch exchange)专用换网PCM(pulse code modulation) 脉冲代码调制PCS 便携式智能终端PCT(private communication technology)专网通信技术PIN(personal identification number)个人标识符plaintext明文platform 平台PMA 物理介质接口poll 轮询portable 便携P-P(Plug and Play)即插即用PPP(Point to Point protocol)点对点协议previous 前一个print preview 打印预览private 保密private key私钥profit 利润program 程序progress 进展protocol 协议proxy server 代理服务器PSK(phase shift keying) 相移键控法PtoP(C2C)person to person个人对个人public key 公钥PWS(peer web serviceWEB) 服务器RRADSL(rate adaptive DSL) 速率自适应DSLRAM(random access memory)随机存储器(内存)RAS 远程访问服务realm 域redirector 重定向器reference monitor 引用监控器registration 登录release 发布remote 远程协作repeater 中继器Replace 替换reply attack 检测重放攻击restart 重新启动right click右击RIP(routing information protocol) 路由信息协议RIP(Routing Information protocol) 路由信息协议rogue programs 捣乱程序ROM(Read Only Memory) 只读存储器router 路由器row 列RR(resource record) 资源记录ruler 标尺SSBS(source route switching) 源路由交换网桥scable model 可伸缩模型SDH 同步数字复用SDSL(symmetric DSL) 单对双绞线seal 封装search 查询Search Engine 搜索引擎security audit trail 安全审计跟踪security domain 安全领域security labels 安全标记security recovery 安全恢复select all 全选service pack 服务补丁session key会话层密钥SET(secure electrionic transaction)安全电子传送settings 设置settop box 机顶盒setup 安装SFD 起始定界符SFT(system fault tolerant) 系统容错short cut快捷方式sign 签名SMI(structer of managementinformation) 管理信息结构SMT(station management) 管理站SMTP(simple mail transfer protocol)简单邮件传输SMTP(simple mail transfer protocol)简单邮件传输协议SMTP(simple mail transfer protocol)简单邮件传输协议SNA 系统网络体系结构SNMP(simple network management protocol) 简单网管协议SNMP(simple network management protocol) 简单网络管理协议SNR(signal noise ratio) 信噪比solttime 时间片SONENT(synchronous optical network)同步光纤网络source routing bridge 源路径桥SPF(shortest path first) 最短路径spoofing 欺骗SRT 源地址选择透明桥SRT(source route transparent) 源路由透明网桥status bar 状态条STDM 统计时分多路复用STLP(secure transport layer protocol)安全传送层style 风格symbol 符号symmetric key cryptography 对称加密Ttable 表TDM 时分多路复用tele-access远程访问TELEGP(exterior gateway protocol) 外部网关连接器协议telemedicine 远程医疗tele-mentoring 远程辅导tele-sharing 远程共享Telnet 远程登录template 模版text 文本ticket 凭证timestamp时间标记tool bar 工具条translation bridging 转换桥接方式transparent bridge传输桥trusted function 可信TTL(time to live) 留存时间UUDP(user datagram protocol) 用户数据报协议uninstall卸载UPS(Uninterruptable Power Supply) 不间断电源URL(Uniform resource locator) 同意资源定位符URL(uniform resource locator) 统一资源定位user 用户Vvideo conferencing视频会议view 视图virtual classroom 虚拟教室virtual electronic commerce city 虚拟电子商城virtual electronic mall 虚拟电子商场virtual publishing虚拟出版virtual store 虚拟商店virus 病毒VPN(virtual private networks) 虚拟专网WWAN 广域网application protocol) 无线应用协议WDH 波分复用Webpage 网页website 网站Windows NT 微软公司的网络操作系统workflow 工作流Wide Web) 万维网WYSIWYG(what you see is what you get)所见即所得xDSL(x digital subscriber line) 数字用户线路zoom in 放大zoom out 缩小。
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附录AWith the new network technology and application of the continuous rapid development of the computer network should. Use of becoming increasingly widespread, the role played by the increasingly important computer networks and human. More inseparable from the lives of the community's reliance on them will keep growing.In order for computers to communicate, they must speak the same language or protocol. In the early days of networking, networks were disorganized in many ways. Companies developed proprietary network technologies that had great difficulties in exchanging information with other or existing technologies; so network interconnections were very hard to build. To solve this problem, the International Organization for Standardization（ISO）created a network model that helps vendors to create networks compatible with each other.Finding the best software is not easy. A better understanding of what you need and asking the right questions makes it easier. The software should be capable of handling challenges specific to your company. If you operate multiple distribution centers, it may be beneficial to create routes with product originating from more than one depot. Few software providers though, are capable of optimizing routes using multiple depots. The provider should be able to support installation of its product. Make sure to clearly understand what training and software maintenance is offered.Obviously, selecting the right routing/scheduling software is critically important. Unfortunately, some companies are using software that may not be best suited to their operation. Logistics actives with responsibility for approving the software ought to be comfortable they've made the right decision. It is important to realize that not all routing/scheduling software is alike！There questions to ask are：Which operating system is used？How easy is the software to use？Here is a good way to tell. Ask if its graphical user interface（GUI）is flexible. Find out about installation speed - how long does it take？Is the software able to route third party customers with your core business？When was the software originally released and when was it last upgraded？In 1984, ISO released the Open Systems Interconnection（OSI）reference model,which is a well-defined set of specifications that ensures greater compatibility among various technologies. In fact, OSI is a description of network communication that everyone refers to. It is not the only network model, but it has become the primary model for network communication. You will see further in this chapter, that the TCP/IP model is only a reduced version of the OSI model. The OSI model consists of seven layers, each illustrating a particular network function.meanwhile, ASP continues to evolve. With the arrival of the millennium came the arrival of ASP version 3. 0. Version 3. 0 was released along with Internet Information Server（IIS）version 5. 0 as part of the highly anticipated Microsoft Windows 2000. By far, the most important new feature of version 3. 0 is the addition of a seventh, intrinsic object called ASP Error which should greatly simplify error handling. Other new features include the addition of three new methods to the Server object, and two new methods to both the Application object and the Session object.When programmers design an image editor for example, they don't have to think about adding OSI Layer 7 capabilities to that software, because it has no need for communication with other computers. On the other hand, when creating an FTP client, they must add communication capabilities to that software. At Layer 7 we usually find Telnet, FTP, HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, or SSH. When we say, For Example, Layer 7 filtering, we refer to filtering application data, regardless of what port or computer it may come from.OSI will be a computer network architecture（architecture）is divided into the following seven：The first layer：physical layer（Physical Layer）, provides communications equipment for the mechanical, electrical and functional characteristics and process for the establishment, maintenance and removal of the physical link connection. Specifically, the provisions of the mechanical properties required for network connectivity connector dimensions, pin number and order situation, etc. ;the provisions of the electrical characteristics of the physical connection in the bit stream transmission line signal level of the size, impedance matching , transfer rate from the constraints; features refers to the distribution of the various signals to the exact meaning of the signal, that is the definition of the DTE and DCE function between the various lines; order characteristics of the definition of the use of bit stream signal transmission lines for a group of rules refers to the physical connection of the establishment, maintenance, exchange of information, DTE andDCE on the circuit on double-action series. In this layer, data units known as bits（bit）. Belong to the typical definition of the physical layer specification included：EIA / TIA RS-232, EIA / TIA RS-449, V. 35, RJ-45 and so on.The second layer：data link layer（Data Link Layer）：in the physical layer bit stream to provide services based on adjacent node between the data link, through the provision of error control data frame（Frame）in the channel error-free transmission, and the action of the series circuit. Data link layer in the physical media is not reliable to provide reliable transmission. The role of this layer include：addressing the physical address, data framing, flow control, data error, such as re-issued. In this layer, data units known as the frame （frame）. Data link layer protocol, including representatives of：SDLC, HDLC, PPP, STP, such as frame relay.The third layer is the network layerIn the computer network to communicate between two computers may be a lot of data link may also go through a lot of communication subnet. Network layer of the task is to choose a suitable inter-network routing and switching nodes, to ensure timely delivery of data. Network layer will provide the data link layer packet frame components, including network layer in the package header, which contains the logical address information - - the source site and destination site address of the network address. If you're talking about an IP address, then you are in dealing with the problem of Layer 3, which is “data packets”, rather than layer 2 of the “frame. ”IP is layer 3 part of the problem, in addition to a number of routing protocols and ARP（ARP）. All things related to routing in Layer 3 processing. Address resolution and routing is an important objective of Level 3. Network layer can also achieve congestion control features such as Internet interconnection. In this layer, data packets as the unit（packet）. Representatives of the network layer protocol, including: IP, IPX, RIP, OSPF, etc…The fourth tier is the transport layer process information. At fourth floor unit, also known as data packets（packets）. However, when you talk about TCP protocol, such as concrete and specific when the name, TCP data unit known as paragraph（segments）and the UDP protocol data unit referred to as “datagram（data grams）”. This layer is responsible for obtaining all the information, therefore, it must be tracking data cell debris, out-of-order packets arrive in the transfer process and other possible risk. No. 4 for the upper layer to provide end-to-end（the end-user to end-users）of a transparent and reliable data transmission services. Transparent by means of transmission is transmitted in thecommunication process of the upper layer shielding the communication transmission system details. Representatives of the Transport Protocol：TCP, UDP, SPX, etc…The fifth layer is the session layerThis layer can also be known as the dialogue meeting between layers or layer, in the session layer and above the high-level, the data transmission is no longer the other named units, known collectively as the message. Session layer does not participate in specific transmission, It provides, including access to authentication and session management, including the establishment and maintenance of mechanisms for communication between applications. If the server to verify user login is completed by the session layer.The sixth layer is Presentation LayerThe main solution to support this level of information that the problem of syntax. For the exchange of data will be suitable for a user from the abstract syntax, into a system suitable for the use of OSI transfer syntax. To provide formatting and conversion of that data services. Data compression and decompression, encryption and decryption so that the layers are responsible for.The seventh layer application layer, application layer for the operating system, applications or network services access the network interface. Agreement on behalf of the application layer, including: Telnet, FTP, HTTP, SNMP, etc. .Through the OSI layers, information from a computer software application for transfer to another application. For example, computer A on the application to send information to the computer application B, then A computer application in information need to be sent to the Application Layer（seventh layer）, and then this layer will be sent to that level of information（sixth floor）, indicating that the data layer will be transferred to the session layer（fifth layer）, and so continue until the physical layer（first layer）. In the physical layer, data is placed in the physical network media and sent to computer B. The physical layer of computer B to receive data from the physical media, and then send information up to data link layer（second layer）, data link layer and then to the network layer, until the information in order to arrive at the application layer of computer B. Finally, the application layer of computer B and then the application information to the receiving end, thus completing the communication process. The following describes the icons in the process.OSI's seven control the use of a wide range of information and other computer systems to communicate the corresponding layer. Control information contained in thesespecial requests, and show that they correspond to the OSI layer exchange. Data at every level of the head and tail to bring the two basic forms of control information.For one to send down from the previous data, additional control information in the front as the head, attached to the back of the end of the control information is called. However, data from one level to increase the agreement and the agreement the end of the first of a OSI layer is not necessary.When the data transmission between each floor, each level in the data can be added to the head and tail, and these data have been included to increase the level of the head and tail. Agreement includes the first layer and the communication of information between layers. Head and tail as well as the data is associated with the concept, they depend on the analysis of the protocol layer module. For example, the transport layer header includes only the transport layer can be seen the information, the transport layer of the other layers below this only the first part of a data transmission. For the network layer, an information unit from the third layer composed of the first and data. The data link layer, network layer by passing down all the information that is the first and third data layer is seen as data. In other words, a given OSI layer, the information unit that contains the data from all parts of the upper head and tail, as well as data, referred to as packaging. For example, if computer A to a certain application data sent to computer B, the first data sent to the application layer.A computer in the application layer protocol data to add up and the application layer of computerB communications. Formed by the first information unit includes an agreement, data, and possibly the end of the agreement was sent to that layer, that layer of computer B and then add that layer of the control information to understand the agreement first. Information on the size of units in each level in agreement with the agreement the end of the first and add the increase in the first of these agreements and agreements contained in the computer B the end of the corresponding layers of control information to be used. In the physical layer, the entire information unit through the network transmission medium.Computer B in the physical layer unit of information received and sent to the data link layer; and B data link layer in computer A to read the data link layer protocol header added to the control of information; and then remove the agreement and the end of the first agreement, sent to the remainder of the network layer. Perform the same at every level of action：from the corresponding first layer to read the agreement and protocol tail, and remove, and then send the remaining first floor. End of application-layer implementation of these actions, the data sent to computer B on the application, the data and computerapplications A is exactly the same as sent.An OSI layer and another layer of communication between the second layer is the use of the services completed. Services provided by adjacent layers help a OSI layer with another layer corresponds to the computer system to communicate. A particular layer of the OSI model is often associated with three other OSI layers contact: with the layer directly adjacent to and under the floor, as well as the objectives of the corresponding computer systems networking layer. For example, computer A's data link layer should be with the network layer, physical layer of computer B, as well as the data link layer communication.附录B为了让电脑来沟通，就必须讲同样的语言或议定书。