A Comparative Study of School-enterprise Cooperation and Work-study Combination System Con

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A comparative study on school education in America and China

⑤ In the eyes of Americans, study is everything to do with student, on the contrary, Chinese students are always studying within a lot of rules.
⑥ The time American student spend in school are much shorter than Chinese student, which allow them to do what they are interested.
Dialog 3
情景：[An American student(A) and a Chinese student(C) are talking on the phone.]
Well, maybe it is a cultural difference, neither I will do what I don't like, nor will my teachers force us to do what we don't like.
OK! Talk to you next time. Bye-bye.
Bye!
Summary3
The American higher education system is extremely diverse and flexible, which allow students to learn what they are interested in and to have fun while studying.
① Americans concentrate on developing creativity while Chinese focus on the study of basic knowledge.

11参考文献

主要参考文献迈克尔·波特（美）：《竞争战略》（Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy,1980.）陈小悦译，华夏出版社1997年版。

迈克尔·波特（美）：《竞争优势》（Michael E. Porter, Competitive Advantage,1985.）陈小悦译，华夏出版社1997年版。

迈克尔·波特（美）：《国家竞争优势》（Michael E. Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations,1990.）李明轩等译，华夏出版社2002年版。

戴维·贝赞可等(美)：《公司战略经济学》（David Besanko, David Dranove and Mark Shanley, The Economics of Strategy,1996.）武亚军等译，北京大学出版社1999年版。

尼尔·胡德和斯蒂芬·扬（英）：《跨国企业经济学》（Neil Hood and Stephen Young, The Economics of Multinational Enterprise,1979.）叶刚等译，经济科学出版社1994年版。

托马斯·加拉文、杰拉德·菲茨杰拉尔德、迈克·莫利[英]：《企业分析》(Thomas Gavavan, Gerar Fitzgerald, Mike Morley, Business Analysis, London, 1993.)马春光等译，生活·读书·新知三联书店1997年版。

伊莱扎·G·柯林斯等（美）《工商管理新论》（Eliza G. C. Collins, Mary Anne Devanna, The New Portable MBA,1994）,张宇宏等译，上海译文出版社1997年版。

轴心时代中国与古希腊学校体育的比较研究

“轴心时代”是德国哲学家雅思贝斯的著名命题。他在其《历史的起源与目标》一书中提出：公元前８００年至公元前２００年之间，尤其是公元前５００年前后，是人类文明的“轴心时代”。这段时期是人类精神文明的重大突破时期，尤其是作为东西方文明中心的中国和古希腊，“轴心时代”文明的不同发展方向很大程度上决定了今天东西方不同的文化形态。体育活动最早源于人类身体意识的觉醒，在原始社会时期，在一些节日或祭祀活动中，舞蹈和竞技就作为一种崇拜形式而存在。而将体育作为一种国民普通教育纳入教育体系之中，最早可追溯到公元前７世纪的古希腊城邦时期，这一时期便属于“轴心时代”，中国也在同一时期萌发了早期的学校体育教育。虽然“体育” 一词汇是在清朝末年维新运动时期由外文翻译而来，但这并不意味着中国古代不存在体育活动，相反中国古代一直有这丰富的体育活动形式和思想，如骑射、武术等都属于体育的范畴。本文将主要运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和比较研究法，对轴心时代中国和古希腊的学校教育内容与思想进行比较和分析。１轴心时代的中国学校体育１．１礼崩乐坏、百家争鸣的时代背景
课题成果ＫＥＴＩＣＨＥＮＧＧＵＯ
轴心时代中国与古希腊学校体育的比较研究ＡＣｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＳｃｈｏｏｌＳｐｏｒｔｓｉｎｔｈｅＡｘｉａｌＡｇｅｂｅห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ｗｅｅｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄＡｎｃｉｅｎｔＧｒｅｅｃｅ
史子禾ＳｈｉＺｉｈｅ
摘要：本文以轴心时代为背景，分析春秋战国时期中国以及古风和古典时期古希腊的学校体育思想及发展情况。这一时期的中国，儒、墨两家作为“世之显学”，二者的体育教育思想有所不同：儒家“有实无名”，墨家“贵义尚武”，但又都主张为士之人要文武兼备、勇于公战。而同一时期，斯巴达带有“军国民”色彩的学校体育和雅典追求身心和谐的学校体育，各有特色地展现了当时内涵丰富的古希腊学校体育。从历史的角度出发，探索轴心时代不同地域、不同文明下学校体育产生与发展的相似性和差异性，为把握学校体育演进规律、科学规划学校体育发展提供更多历史资料，以期为今后研究学校体育提供更多思路。关键词：学校体育思想；体育史；轴心时代；中国；古希腊Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：ＢａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄｏｆｔｈｅＡｘｉａｌＡｇｅ，ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒａｎａｌｙｚｅｓｔｈｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｓａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｃｈｏｏｌｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅ‘Ｓｐｒｉｎｇ－ＡｕｔｕｍｎＷａｒｒｉｎｇ’ｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｎＣｈｉｎａ，ａｎｄｔｈｅ‘Ａｒｃｈａｉｃ’ａｎｄ‘Ｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌ’ＰｅｒｉｏｄｉｎａｎｃｉｅｎｔＧｒｅｅｃｅ．ＤｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｉｓｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｎＣｈｉｎａ，ＣｏｎｆｕｃｉａｎｉｓｍａｎｄＭｏｈｉｓｔｗｅｒｅｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄａｓｔｈｅ“ｗｏｒｌｄ－ｒｅｎｏｗｎｅｄｓｃｈｏｌａｒｓ”，ａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｓｏｎｓｃｈｏｏｌｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｗｅｒｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ：Ｃｏｎｆｕｃｉａｎｉｓｍａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｓｔｈｅｉｄｅａｏｆ “ｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｎａｍｅｂｕｔｎｏｔｉｎｒｅａｌｉｔｙ，”ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅＭｏｈｉｓｔａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｓｔｈｅｉｄｅａｏｆ“ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅａｎｄｍａｒｔｉａｌ．”Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｔｈｅｙａｌｌａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｄｔｈａｔａｐｅｒｓｏｎｗｈｏｗａｓａｓｃｈｏｌａｒｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｂｏｔｈｃｉｖｉｌｉｚｅｄａｎｄｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｌｙｓｔｒｏｎｇ，ａｎｄｄａｒｅｔｏｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｐｕｂｌｉｃ．Ｍｅａｎｗｈｉｌｅ，Ｓｐａｒｔａ’ｓｓｃｈｏｏｌｓｐｏｒｔｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｆｅａｔｕｒｅｏｆ“ｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ”ａｎｄＡｔｈｅｎｓ’ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓｐｏｒｔｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｕｒｓｕｉｔｏｆｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌａｎｄｍｅｎｔａｌｈａｒｍｏｎｙｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈｅａｎｃｉｅｎｔＧｒｅｅｋＳｃｈｏｏｌｓｐｏｒｔｓｗｉｔｈｒｉｃｈｃｏｎｎｏｔａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｏｆｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ，ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｓｔｈｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｃｈｏｏｌｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｕｎｄｅｒｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｃｉｖｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｓ，ｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｍｏｒｅｉｄｅａｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｕｔｕｒｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｉｓｆｉｅｌｄａｎｄｔｏｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｍｏｒｅｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌｄａｔａｆｏｒｇｒａｓｐｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｌａｗｏｆｓｃｈｏｏｌｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｌｌｙｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｃｈｏｏｌｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｓｃｈｏｏｌｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｓ；ｓｐｏｒｔｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ；ｔｈｅＡｘｉａｌＡｇｅ；Ｃｈｉｎａ；ＡｎｃｉｅｎｔＧｒｅｅｃｅ中图分类号：Ｇ８０－０５文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：１００５－０２５６（２０２１）０４－００３７－３ｄｏｉ：１０．１９３７９／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００５－０２５６．２０２１．０４．０１５

2012考研英语(一)翻译真题及答案

Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.翻译46. 在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的冲动”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解释一切的，最底层的公式。

Unit 4-5主语的翻译

⑴ We must put great emphasis on the seriousness of corruption and embezzlement among some high-ranking officials in China. ⑵ Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of corruption and graft among some high officials in China. 5．添加主语 Eg1 缘木求鱼，虽不得鱼，无后灾。 ⑴ If you climb a tree to seek for fish, although you do not get any fish, you will suffer no subsequent calamity.
• Homework 翻译以下句子，至少给出三种不同的选择主语的方法： 1．世界恐怕从未面临过象臭氧层破坏和温室效应这么严重的污染威胁。 2．对太阳黑子的长期研究表明，它们的数目约以十一年为周期发生急剧的变化 3．中国自七十年代末实行改革开放以来，服务行业平均每年以10.9%的幅度增长。
⑵ By climbing a tree in search of fish, one will not come to harm even though one cannot get any fish. Eg2.我公司根本不需要象他这样无知狂妄的人。 ⑴ Our company has absolutely no use for an ignorant and presumptuous man like him. ⑵ Someone as shallow and conceited as him is the last person our company wants. ⑶ Shallow and conceited, he is the last person our company wants. ⑷ The last thing our company needs is someone as ignorant and self-important as him.

山东大学威海分校英文简介

● IntroductionFounded in 1984, Shandong University at Weihai (SDUW) is a comprehensive university offering degrees in the fields of economics, law, the arts, science, engineering and management. The university has 14 schools and departments, including 43 undergraduate degree programs, 37 postgraduate programs and 9 doctorate programs. More than 14,000 full-time regular students attend the university, and 600 students study at the postgraduate level, working toward master’s or doctoral degrees. SDUW employs over 1,100 teachers and administrators, including 688 full-time teachers, among whom 379 are professors and associate professors.Carrying forward the ﬁ ne traditions and spirit of Shandong University, SDUW supports reform in education by implementing the Trimester system. In recent years, the university has conducted over 300 research projects at various levels and on a wide range of topics, including national Project 973, national key social science research projects, national Natural Science Foundation projects, major projects of the Ministry of Science, major projects of Shandong Province tackling tough scientiﬁ c and technical problems, and has earned dozens of awards at the state-level and the provincial-level or above for research achievements.Shandong University at Weihai supports the Three Experiences of education-- experience gained from social practice, studying abroad, and studying on a second campus. The university has established cooperative and exchange relations with over 50 well-known universities in U.S.A., U.K, France, Sweden, Australia, South Korea, Japan, as well as Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions. These relationships have ensured the development of such programs as the 1+2+1 dual-degree program, one-year exchange program, half-year exchange program, one-year dependent overseas studies, 2+2 dual-degree program, 1+1+1 dual-degree program, 3+1+1 program and the program of recommended overseas postgraduate studies to graduating students.The university’s modern and scenic campus, near the seaside, covers an area of over 108 hectare and has a building ﬂ oor space of more than 400,000 square meters. SDUW follows the guideline of “strengthening foundation, cultivating profoundness, improving quality and building characteristics”, and is committed to building a university with such characteristics as space science, marine science, and Korean teaching and research. The university is also committed to improving its education quality and raising its overall level to produce the best undergraduate students for China. Shandong University at Weihai with its special characteristics strives to be a ﬁ rst-class research university in China on an international level.气有浩然学无止境The Business School offers 10 undergraduate programs: International Economics and Trade, Finance, Insurance, Business Administration, Accounting, Tourism Management, Marketing, Ecommerce, Logistics Management, and Human Resources Management and 6 postgraduate programs: Enterprise Administration, International Trade, Industry Economics, Finance, Western Economics, World Economics.The teaching staff is multidisciplinary, combining arts and science. The school has 113 faculty members, including 13 professors and 30 associate professors. The teachers have conducted many research projects in social science for the Ministry of Education and Shandong Province and earned many awards for excellent research achievements at both the ministry and the provincial levels. Researchers also have conducted research in such ﬁ elds as northeast Asia and labor economics.The Business School attaches great importance to academic exchanges with foreign universities and has established cooperative relations with many famous universities in northeast Asia, Europe and U.S.A. The school has launched 2+2 and 1+2+1 programs with universities in France, U.S.A and South Korea, including George Mason University, Ball State University, Northern Arizona University, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Troy University, Californian State University, San Bernardino, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Murray State University, among others.Business SchoolLaw SchoolSHANDONG UNIVERSITY AT WEIHAIThe Law School has 3 undergraduate programs: law science, administrative science, and social work. The school offers doctoral degrees in Jurisprudence and Principles of Political Science and master’s degrees in Jurisprudence, Constitutional Law and Administrative Law, International Law, Civil and Commercial Law, Economic Law, Procedure Law, Principles of Political Science and Public Administration. It has 66 faculty members, including 12 professors, 23 associate professors.The school has several research institutes: the Research Institute of Legal Methodology, Folk Law Research Institute, The Research Institute of Weihaiwei Law System, WTO Research Institute, Research Institute of International Law& Comparative Law and Politics Research Institute.The school has invited many well-known professors, judges and lawyers to visit and give lectures in the school; it has established close academic relations with the law schools or departments of many universities in China, including universities in China’s Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. It also maintains good cooperative relations with law schools of foreign countries and participates in academic exchanges programs with Texas Southern Law School in U.S.A., Swansea University in UK, Pai Chai University in South Korea, Sun Moon University in South Korea and universities in Japan and Germany. These programs involve exchanging scholars, books and reference materials.The School of Journalism offers 3 undergraduate programs: Chinese, Journalism, and Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language and a variety of postgraduate programs in such ﬁ elds of study as comparative literature and world literature, modern and contemporary Chinese literature, Chinese-character study, study of literature and art, ancient Chinese literature and journalistic aesthetics. It has 44 faculty members, including 12 professors, 9 associate professors.The school has such teaching and research institutions as Institute of Language and Literature, and Institute of Journalism and Communication, Institute of Australia, Institute of Modern Poetry, Institute of Chinese characters, Institute of Environmental News and International Communication.The school conducts scientific research and engages in academic exchange programs with Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Sang Myung University, Shih Hsin University, Northern Arizona University, andother universities in foreign countries.SHANDONG UNIVERSITY AT WEIHAISchool of Journalismand CommunicationSchool of Translation and InterpretationThe School of Translation and Interpretation offers 3 undergraduate programs: English, Japanese, Translation and Interpretation and a variety of programs leading to a Master’s degree specializing in English-Chinese/Chinese-English (E-C/C-E) translation, English linguistics and teaching, and English literature. The school has 56 faculty members, including 7 professors, 12 associate professors, 3 part-time professors, and 6 foreign teachers.The school has the Institute of Translation Study and the Japanese Research Centre. It supports and participates in national social science research projects, major projects of the Ministry of Education, and social science research projects of Shandong province.The school has established cooperative programs with many famous universities in Europe, America and Japan, including 1+2+1 dual-degree program, 3+1+1program, Oversea class program, and one-year exchange program.The School of Korean Studies is the only school in Chinaspecializing in Korean teaching and comprehensive study of Korea. The school has 18 faculty members, including 8 professors and associate professors.The school has 6 institutes: the Institute of Korean Politics, the Institute of Korean Economy, and the Institute of Korean Culture. The school is working on one program in the National Social-Science Fund, two programs in the Ministry of Education, two programs in youth social-science fund of Shandong University, and eight other programs.The educational objective of the school is to cultivate versatile talent who are proficient in Korean language and know Korean politics, economy, culture and society. The school puts an emphasis on academic exchange and has established cooperative relations with many famous universities in northeast Asia. The cooperation program includes one-year exchange program, half-year exchange program and 2+2 dual-degree program with South Korean universities.School of Korean StudiesThe School of Art offers undergraduate programs in Musicology, Fine Arts, Art Design, and Choreography. It has 12 professors and 10 associate professors. The school puts an emphasis on the practical ability and creativity of students, and it encourages students to participate in art shows and at performance centers.The school has established cooperative relationships with Nagoya University of Arts, Universityof Cincinnati, James Madison University, and Kurashiki Sakuyo University.School of ArtThe School of Applied Mathematics currently offers 3 undergraduate programs: Mathematics & Applied Mathematics, Information & Computational Science, and Statistics. It has 35 full-time faculty members including 8 professors and 6 associate professors. The school offers a variety of programs leading to master’s and doctoral degrees in fields of Basic Mathematics and Operation Research and Cybernetics.The school has 2 research institutes which are Applied Mathematics Research Institute and the Operations Research Institute.The school supports academic exchange and encourages faculty to attend international conference.School of AppliedMathematics SHANDO AT WEIHof Physicsthe fields Physics, Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics. The school has 41 staff members, including 8 professors, 8 associate professors.The Experiment Center of the School of Space Science and Physics is composed of a general physics laboratory, a modern physics laboratory, an applied physics laboratory, laboratory with national Project 973, national natural science foundation projects, major projects of the Ministry of Science, and major projects of Shandong Province. Until now, the Observatory has found 27 minor planets including one permanent formal ID (207931) from Minor Planet Center.The school has established cooperative relations with many famous universities such as Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Manchester.School of Space Science and PhysicsThe School of Ocean Biology offers a variety of programs leading to master’s and doctoraldegrees. A doctoral degree is offered with a concentration in Marine biology, Microbe andBiochemical Pharmacy, Microbiology. A master’s degree is offered with a concentration inMarine biology, Microbe and Biochemical Pharmacy, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, andApplied Chemistry. A bachelor’s degree is offered with a concentration in Biological Science,Biological Technology, Pharmacy, and Marine Life Resources and Environment.The school has 61 staff members, including 9 professors, 21 associate professors. It hasset up ﬁ ve research centers including the Institute of Marine Zoology, the Institute of MarineFood and Medicine, the Institute of Marine Ecology and Environment, the Institute of MarineChemical Industry, and the Institute of Aquaculture and Disease Prevention and Cure.The school supports academic exchange with foreign universities and has establishedcooperative relations with many famous universities in the United States, Japan and SouthKorea.School of Ocean BiologyThe School of Information Engineering offers a variety of programs leading to degrees at the bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral levels. The school offers ﬁ ve undergraduate programs, which are Electronic Science and Technology, Computer Science and Technology, Software Engineering, Telecommunication Engineering and Digital Media Technology, three master’s programs which are Circuit and System, Signal and Information Processing, Applied Science in Computer Engineering, two doctoral programs which are Communication & Information System, Signal and Information Processing. Currently, the number of full-time faculty is 61, including 5 professors, 33 associate professors, and 3 part-time professors.The school has the Computer Center, the Experiment Center, the Electronic System Institute, the Computer System and Application Institute, and the Software Research Institute. It has conducted many research projects granted by various government agencies such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, and Science Development Project of Shandong Province. The school has won many prizes awarded by national and provincial governments for its creative achievements in research.The School has developed faculty and student exchange programs with the Blekinge Institute of Technology in Sweden, the University of Nebraska at Kearney, Ball State University, and George Mason University in the U.S.A.School of InformationEngineeringThe School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering offers 3 undergraduate programs in Automation; Mechanical Design, Manufacture and Automation; and Technology & Instrument of Control; and one postgraduate program in Control Theory & Control Engineering. The number of full-time faculty is 35, including 9 professors and 6 associate professors.There are three research institutes in the school, which are the Industry Control Technology Institute, the Control Theory & Application Institute, and Measurement & Control Technology Institute. The school has conducted many research projects at national and provincial levels. Its creative achievements in research have won national recognition.The school has developed student exchange and joint-research programs with Seoul National University of Technology in South Korea, Kumamoto University in Japan, and North Arizona University in the U.S.A.School of Mechanical &Electrical Engineering SHANDONG UNIVERSITY AT WEIHAIThe Continuing Education College offers various degree programs for adults in the ﬁ elds of political science, literature & history, management, science & technology and pharmacy. The college also offers correspondence education, distance education and internet education as well as language, computer and other training programs.The college has developed 1+4 joint education programs with Hoseo University, Keimyung University and Changwon University in South Korea to cultivate students with all-round ability. ContinuingEducation CollegeSHANDONG UNIVERSITYAT WEIHAIThe Vocational and Technical College offers four programs: computer information management, accounting electronic computation, tourism management and applied electronics (automobile orientation), with the goal to train advanced technicians in the fields of manufacture, construction, service and management.There are computer and language laboratories, automobile engine laboratories and automobile electronic fault detection and diagnosis center in the college. Students can gain practical experience through the Graduates Career Practice Bases, bases established in China Unicom at Weihai, Yantai Haiyi Software Company, Kingdee Software Company at Qingdao, Customs Administration Training Center at Weihai, and Weihai Renda Automobile Trading Co. Ltd.The college has developed joint education programs on Tourism Management with Cheongju University in South Korea and on Automobile Elecctronic with Hoseo University in South Korea.V ocational andTechnical CollegeSHANDONG UNIVERSITY AT WEIHAIThe School of International Education is responsible for the admission and management of international students and works on promoting the teaching ofChinese as a Foreign Language. The School offers undergraduate programs inTeaching of Chinese as a Foreign Language, and two graduate programs, one in Comparative Study of Chinese and Korean, and the other in Teaching Chinese as aForeign Language. The number of full-time faculty is 20, including 1 professor and 5associate professors. The international student population is about 600, mainly fromKorea, Russia, U.S.A., Japan and Australia.School of International Education SHANDONG UNIVERSITYAT WEIHAI。

由介词as构成的短语

由介词as构成的短语1. as a matter of fact实际上，事实上；被看作是理所当然的事2. as a result/consequence结果，因此；as a result of由于，因为;当做是...的结果3. as a rule规章，规则；通常，照例; as a general rule一般说来4. as regards关于，至于；as follows如下5. as a whole总体上,6. as far as I know据我所知，as far as I am concerned就我而言7. as long as=so long as只要8. as well as=and和9. as to=as for至于，关于10. as such同样的;类似的；such as例如11. as soon as 一…就12. as it were似乎如此，仿佛是13. as much … as与…一样14. as nothing绝不15. as against /as opposed to与…相比16. as a reaction/response to由于17. not so much …as…与其说….,不与说…18. as if=as though仿佛19. as yet至今20. as best one can尽力，竭力由at构成的短语21. at (the) best充其量，从最好的角度说；at worst从最坏的角度说22. at all costs不惜任何代价；at the cost of =at the price of=at the expense of以…为代价；23. at present目前; at the moment此刻24. at hand在手边，在附近25. at heart在内心；实质上26. be/feel at home在家，在国内；感觉自在; be at home in擅长27. at intervals不时地，间隔地;每隔一会儿,每隔一段距离28. at last最终，终于；at first首先29. at least至少，最低限度；at most最多30. at length终于，最后；详细地31. at a loss over 对…困惑，不知所措32. at first sight乍一看，初看起来；at first glance乍一看；at the sight of一看见；at the thought of一想到，at the mention of一提到33. at a time每次，一次；at that time那时候; at times有时候34. at no time在任何时候不，决不35. at one time同时，曾经，从前曾36. at random随意地，任意地37. at any rate无论如何，至少38. at the mercy of在…面前无助；受….控制39. at risk处境危险，遭受危险40. at all events无论如何41. at a competitive advantage/edge处于竞争的优势42. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.)支持,维护; have sb. at one ’s back有…支持,有…作后台43. at one’s convenience(=where and when it suits one)在方便的时间或地点；be convenient to/for对…方便44. at (one’s) ease (=without worry or nervousness)自在,不拘束45. (be) at an end (=finished)结束了；at one’s wits’ end无法可想,智穷计尽46. at hand在手边,眼前(附近)47. at large(=at liberty, free)在逃,逍遥法外; at large(=in general)一般来说,大体上; at large(=at full length; with details)详细地48. at one’s leisure在…有空的时候49. at one’s disposal由某人做主，由某人支配50. at a venture碰巧，胡乱地，随意地由介词as构成的短语1. as a matter of fact实际上，事实上；被看作是理所当然的事2. as a result/consequence结果，因此；as a result of由于，因为;当做是...的结果3. as a rule规章，规则；通常，照例; as a general rule一般说来4. as regards关于，至于；as follows如下5. as a whole总体上,6. as far as I know据我所知，as far as I am concerned就我而言7. as long as=so long as只要8. as well as=and和9. as to=as for至于，关于10. as such同样的;类似的；such as例如11. as soon as 一…就12. as it were似乎如此，仿佛是13. as much … as与…一样14. as nothing绝不15. as against /as opposed to与…相比16. as a reaction/response to由于17. not so much …as…与其说….,不与说…18. as if=as though仿佛19. as yet至今20. as best one can尽力，竭力由at构成的短语21. at (the) best充其量，从最好的角度说；at worst从最坏的角度说22. at all costs不惜任何代价；at the cost of =at the price of=at the expense of以…为代价；23. at present目前; at the moment此刻24. at hand在手边，在附近25. at heart在内心；实质上26. be/feel at home在家，在国内；感觉自在; be at home in擅长27. at intervals不时地，间隔地;每隔一会儿,每隔一段距离28. at last最终，终于；at first首先29. at least至少，最低限度；at most最多30. at length终于，最后；详细地31. at a loss over 对…困惑，不知所措32. at first sight乍一看，初看起来；at first glance乍一看；at the sight of一看见；at the thought of一想到，at the mention of一提到33. at a time每次，一次；at that time那时候; at times有时候34. at no time在任何时候不，决不35. at one time同时，曾经，从前曾36. at random随意地，任意地37. at any rate无论如何，至少38. at the mercy of在…面前无助；受….控制39. at risk处境危险，遭受危险40. at all events无论如何41. at a competitive advantage/edge处于竞争的优势42. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.)支持,维护; have sb. at one ’s back有…支持,有…作后台43. at one’s convenience(=where and when it suits one)在方便的时间或地点；be convenient to/for对…方便44. at (one’s) ease (=without worry or nervousness)自在,不拘束45. (be) at an end (=finished)结束了；at one’s wits’ end无法可想,智穷计尽46. at hand在手边,眼前(附近)47. at large(=at liberty, free)在逃,逍遥法外; at large(=in general)一般来说,大体上; at large(=at full length; with details)详细地48. at one’s leisure在…有空的时候49. at one’s disposal由某人做主，由某人支配50. at a venture碰巧，胡乱地，随意地2012年考研英语翻译试题的特点表现在以下三个方面：1. 五个句子超纲或较难的词汇较多；2. 句子结构有些太复杂，有一些特别难分析的句子；3. 话题也是广大考生不太熟悉的话题。

英语专业本科生论文题目

选题名称Emily Dekinson’s view of Death艾米丽.狄金森的死亡观A Comparison of Elinor and Marianne in Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》中两姐妹人物对比A Comparative Study of Cultural Connotations of Plants Between English and Chinese英汉植物类词语文化内涵的对比研究Cultural Difference and Similarities Between China and Britain in the Origins of Surnames由中英姓氏起源看两国文化异同On Feminism Reflected in Jane Austen’s Emma浅析女性主义在简.奥斯丁《爱玛》中的体现Comparative Study Euphemism in English and Chinese英汉委婉语对比研究An Analysis of the Effect of Body Language Use in EFL Teaching in China身势语在中国英语教学中的使用效果分析On the Spirit of Revolt of the Joads in the Grapes of Wrath 解析《愤怒的葡萄》中约德一家的反抗精神选题名称he Influence of Social Transition on Women——A Reinterpretation of Scarlet in Gone With The Wind社会转型对女性的影响——对斯佳丽的重新解读Culture Reflected in English and Chinese Idioms –A Comparative Study of Culture Between English and Chinese Idioms从中英文化看汉语习语---英语习语的对比研究ulture Impacts on Costumes—A Comparative Study of Tang Dynasty and Renaissance Periods文化对服饰的影响——中国唐代和欧洲文艺复兴时期的对比研究Advantages and Disadvantages of Native English-Speaking Teachers in TEFL in China外籍教师在中国英语教学中的利与弊On Mother's Love in Beloved宠儿》的母爱剖析An Analysis of the Naturalist Moral in Sister Carrie浅析《嘉莉妹妹》中的自然主义道德观A Comparison of Two Heroines in Vanity Fair对比名利场中两女主人公From A Caged Parrot to a Flying Bird——On Edna’s Awakening in Chopin’s The Awakening从囚鸟到飞鸟的飞跃——浅析肖邦《觉醒》中爱德娜的觉醒选题名称n the Cultural Similarities and Differences between English and Chinese Animal Idiom从动物习语看英汉文化差异Cultivation of English Language Sense in Listening and Reading of Middle School Students中学生听读英语语感的培养On the Application of Original English Movies in the English Audio-Visual Course探析英文原版电影在英语视听说课中的应用On Teaching English Newspaper Reading in Middle School浅析中学英语报刊阅读的教学Wolf Culture—A Brief Analysis of the Human Nature and the Wolf Nature狼文化---人性与狼性的对比Analysis of Causes of Maggie’s Tragedy from Feminist Point in The Mill on the Floss从女性主义角度分析《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》中麦琪的悲剧成因An Analysis of “Iceberg Principle” in Hemingway’s Works浅析“冰山原则”在海明威作品中的体现An Analysis of Henchard’s Tragic Fate 浅析亨查德悲剧命运的形成原因A Study of Huck’s Attitude Towards Racism解析哈克对种族歧视的态度选题名称Translation of the Pun in Chinese and English Adverting英汉广告中的双关语的翻译On The Applicability of New Concept English and Go For it For Middle School Students in China试论《新概念英语》(I)和《新目标英语》对中国中学生的适用性The Influence of Oriental Philosophy on Salinger’s Works东方哲学对塞林格作品的影响The Psychological Barrier and the Countermeasure for the Problem Students with English Learning in Junior Middle School初中英语学困生的心理障碍及对策A Brief Analysis of Listening Comprehension Strategies for Non—English Major Students浅析非英语专业学生听力理解策略的培养he Symbolic Meaning of Moby Dick浅析《白鲸》中的象征意义English translation of Chinese Slogans for Beijing Olympic Games北京奥运标语的英译Comparative Study of the Social Concept of “Face”in English and Chinese Culture中英文化“面子观”对比分析A Comparative Study of Phatic Communion Between English and Chinese 英汉寒暄语的对比研究选题名称Some Reflections on Two Female Characters in The Color Purple对《紫色》中两个女性人物的重思On The Positive Effect of English Songs in Senior Middle School EFL Teaching浅析英文歌曲对高中英语教学的积极影响The methods of Self-learning on English Writing of Middle School students自主学习在中学生英语写作中的运用方法Analysis of Errors of English Cloze in Middle School Exams and Countermeasures中学英语测试中完形填空错误分析及对策An Interpretation of Pocola’s Tragic Fate解读佩克拉的悲剧命运A Noticing-Hypothesis-based Study of English Middle Construction Understanding基于注意假说理论的英语中动结构理解研究An Analysis of the Writing Features of The Gift of Magie and A Service of Love by O’Henry中文:透过《麦琪的礼物》和《爱的牺牲》分析欧亨利的写作手法Marlow’s Journey to Self-exploration- A Thematic analysis of Heart of Darkness马洛探寻自我的旅程——《黑暗的心》主题分析选题名称The Co relational Study of Text lengths, T- units and English Writing Proficiency to English Majors大学英语专业二年级学生文本长度，T单位和写作成绩相关性研究An Interpretation of the Tragedy of the Main Characters in Hardy’s The Return of The Nativ解读哈代《还乡》中主要人物的悲剧性A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Allusions英汉典故对比研究A Comparative Study of Taboo in Chinese and English汉英禁忌语的差异对比研究An Analysis about Character Imagery of Jane in Jane Eyre and “I” in Rebecca对比分析《简爱》中”简”与《蝴蝶梦》中“我”的人物形象The Joy Luck Club---A Mirror of the Conflicts and Compatibility between Chinese and American Cultures 喜福会——中美文化冲突与融合的一面镜子The Application of Situational Approach in Middle School English Class- Teaching 情景教学在中学英语教学导课中的运用On Equality Reflected in The Prince and the Pauper论《王子与贫儿》中折射出的平等思想An Analysis of the Inevitability of Gatsby's Tragedy in The Great Gatsby浅析《了不起的盖茨比》中盖茨比悲剧的必然性选题名称An Analysis of the Main Characters in Pavilion of Women《庭院里的女人》中主要人物形象分析An Analysis of Symbolism in A Rose for Emily分析《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》的象征手法The Co relational Study Between English Reading Strategies and Reading Proficiency to Senior I Middle School Students高一学生英语阅读策略和英语阅读成绩的相关性研究Analysis of the Conversion on Jane Austen’s Marriage Concept浅析简奥斯汀婚姻观的转变On Analysis of Sexism in English Language论英语语言中的性别歧视A Pragmatic Study of Fuzzy Hedges to Teachers of English Majors一项英语专业教师课堂模糊限制语语用功能的研究An Analysis of Pip’s Character in Great Expectation《远大前程》中皮普性格分析On The Popularity of Western Festivals in China论西方节日在中国的流行选题名称Strategies of Improving English Majors’ Spoken English论提高专业英语学生口语能力The Influence of the Difference between Chinese and Western Number Cultures on Cross-Cultural Communication中西方数字文化差异对跨文化交际的影响A Comparative Study of Self-concept between Chinese and American Culture美文化中自我理念的比较研究Consciousness Awakening of Main Characters' Happiness in The Grapes of Wrath解读《愤怒的葡萄》中主人公幸福意识的觉醒On The Causes of Clyde’s Degeneration in An American TragedyDifferences Between Chinese and English Values in Advertisements 从广告看中英价值观差异Error Analysis in English Writing Caused by L1 Transfer to Junior III Middle School Students初三学生英语写作中母语迁移的错误分析研究trategies of Efficient Problem Rising in English Reading Class有效提问在中学英语阅读课堂中的策略The Teacher's Role in Junior Middle School Students’ Initiative Learning教师在初中生主动学习中的作用选题名称E/C Translation of Complex Sentences in Legal Texts法律文本中复杂句的英汉翻译Translation of Public Signs in Tourism旅游公示语翻译A Pragmatic Study on Euphemism in English Business Advertisements英语商业广告委婉语的语用研究The Pragmatic Study of Irony反语的语用功能的研究The Embodiment of “Survival of the Fittest” on Bu ck in The Call of The Wild“适者生存”法则在《野性的呼唤》中巴克身上的体现The influence of self-identity in Isabel Archer's tragic marriage－comment on The portrait of a lady自我认同对伊莎贝尔婚姻悲剧的影响—评《贵夫人画像》An Analysis of the Functions of Chinese-English Code-Switching in Chinese Advertisement汉语广告中英汉语码转换的功能分析he Analysis of Charles Dickens’s Humanitarianism in David Copperfield浅析《大卫科波菲尔》中的人道主义精神选题名称A Contrast Between Confucian View of “Benevolence” and Christian View of “Universal Love”儒家文化中的“仁爱”与基督教“博爱”思想的差异An Analysis of the Brutal Consciousness in The Sea Wolf《海狼》中的兽性意识分析Reading of the Transcendentalism Influence over the Characters in Little Women解读超验主义思想对《小妇人》中人物的影响Translation of Chinese Neologism汉语新词的英译A Contrastive Study of Syntactic and Notional Passive Between English and Chinese英汉结构被动和意义被动的对比分析研究Chinese Translation of English Negative Structure英语否定结构的汉译Jonathan Swift’s Social Ideal and Implications in Gulliver’s TravelsOn the Correlation between Language Anxiety and English ListeningAnalysis of Chinese Culture and Western Culture from the View of AdvertisingAn Analysis of Sexism in English and ChineseStudy on Learning Motivation in Non-English MajorsA Guide Novel for Girls --Little WomenCharlotte Bronte’s Ecofeminist Consciousness Perceived from Ja ne EyreA Comparison between Tom’s and George’s Characters in Uncle Tom’s cabinAn analysis of Bathsheba’s Tragedy in Hardy’s Far From the Madding CrowdThe Relationship between Personality Factors and English PerformanceApproaching to Chinese and Western Food Culture: View From CookeryA comparative study on text Teaching and Learning Between Web-assisted and Traditional TeachingAn analysis of Emily Bronte’s self-expression expressed by HeathcliffStrategy for Cultivatin g Student’s Learning Autonomy in Senior High School English TeachingThe suffering Love of Catherine and Heathcliff in Wuthering HeightsA study of Differences Between Chinese Numerical Idioms and English Numerical IdiomsA Comparison of Two Heroes in Gone With the WindThe Analysis of the Tragedy of the Main Characters in Sister CarrieThe Comparison of Life Attitudes between Modern Women and Traditional Women in Gone with the WindA Study Culture Introduction in College English TeachingAn Analysis of English Writing Strategies for Senior Middle School StudentsThe Design of Teaching Task in English Task-based Language Teaching in Junior Middle SchoolAn Analysis of Existatialism in Burnett’s Secret GardenTranslation of Business Contracts;Views from the Perspective of Cooperative Principles of PragmaticsAn Analysis of Symbolism of Main Characters in Lord of the FliesThe Symbolic Meaning of “Heart” in Heart of DarknessAn Analysis of the Tragedy of a Heroine in A StreetcarSymbolism in the Novel :The Old Man and the SeaDomestication and Foreignization Tourism Translation ---A Case Study of True Scenic Spots in XinjiangThe Application of Domestication and Foreignization in English and Chinese Movie Name Contrastive Studies of English and Chinese Idioms with Respect to Pare of Human BodyAn Analysis on Translation Errors from the Perspective of Skopos TheorySarah’s Road to Existentialistic Freedom ---The French Lieutenant’s WomenThe Translation of Dufu’s Poems from Translation Aesthetic ----With Analysis of Climblhigh Study of Culture Differences Between Chinese and American Through the Movie Guasha Analysis of Errors in the English and Chinese Machine TranslationA View of American Cultural Hegemony from American film CultureAn Analysis of the Symbolism in Tender Is the NightA Contrastive Study of color in English and ChineseComparative Study of China English and ChinglishAdoptive Analysis of American College SlangThe Comparative Analysis of Politeness Principle’s Application in Chinese and English Compliment A Brief Analysis of Translationese in English and Chinese TranslationA Comparison Study between Valentine’s Day and QiXi FestivalThe Rhyme in English and Chinese Advertising and Translation StrategiesThe Tragedy of The Sun also RiseOn the St rategies of Improving Junior Middle School Students’ Listening CapacityApplication of English Writing Corpus Software in English Writing for English MajorsA Corelational Study of Listening Metacognitive Strategies and English Listening Proficiency to Senior Middle School StudentsThe Application of Interactive Teaching Approach to the Oral Teaching to the Middle School StudentsThe Analysis of the Tragedy sense in O’Neill’s Strange InterludeAn Intercultural Comparison of English and Chinese Cooking WordsA Correlational Study of Learning Strategies on Vocabulary and English Achievement for JuniorⅠMiddle School StudentsAnalysis of the Female Characters in Sons and Lovers from the Feminist PerspectiveWalt Whitman’s Philosophy in Leaves of GrassWomen’s status in 20th century from Caddy’s Tragedy in the Sound and the FuryAn Empirical Study of Turn-taking Types for Junior English Class interationsThe Methods on improving the Impromptu Speech in the English Speaking ContestEnglish Note-taking-Guide Or NotOn the Correlation Between Reading Comprehension and Writing Proficiency of English Major in TEM-4An Analysis of the Female Character in Sister CarrieAn Analysis on the Conflicts in The Last MohicansAn Analysis of Black Feminism in BelovedAn Analysis of the Theme of Marton EdenWestern Culture Impact on China Daily Life -Take an Example of Christmas DayAn Analysis on Dickens’Writing Characteristics in Great ExpectationsA Contrastive Study of Body Language in Chinese and EnglishAn Analysis of Heming wei’s Tragic-Awareness in His Novel The Old Man and the Sea Investigate Prototype of Henry and the RealityA Comparative Study of Apology Strategy in Chinese and EnglishThe Aspects of Hawthornes’s Narrative Technique of Romanticism in The Scarlet LetterA Comparison of Nonverbal Language in Chinese and American BusinessAnalysis of the Female Group in Heng James’ NovelA Womanism Interpretation of The Color PurpleOn the Translation of English Metaphor From Cultural PerspectiveTo Analysis on the Viewpoin t of David’s Love in David CopperfieldA Case Study of Task-Based Language Teaching in Junior Middle SchoolA Comparison of Main Animal Images in Chinese and English Proverbs英汉谚语中主要动物意象对比浅析An Analysis of the Symbolism in the Catcher in the Rye 浅析《麦田里的守望者》中的象征手法Reading Skills in Fast Reading for Seniors-Grasping the Signal Words 高中快速阅读中的阅读技巧-抓住文中信号词An Analysis of Hemingway’s Love Tragedy 浅析海明威的爱情悲剧The Comparison of Table Manners Between China and Western Country 中西餐桌礼仪比较The Relationship Between Vanity Fair and Modern Man’s Existence «名利场»和现代人生存的关系The Destruction of the Nature of Daughter --the Deep Stratification of the Tess'tragedy in the Novel 大自然之女-苔丝悲剧的深层意蕴Comparison of views on Jane Austen’s Marriage to Chinese’s比较简奥斯汀和中国人的婚姻观On the Heroism in Forrest Gump论电影«阿甘正传»中的英雄主义The Different Emotions Reflected by Color Words in Western and Chinese Culture 在中西文化下颜色词汇反映出的不同感情色彩A Cultural Interpretation of Maternal Love in The Joy Luck Club «喜福会»中母爱主题的文化阐释An Analysis of the Reasons for Uncle Tom's Miserable Fate in Uncle Tom's Cabin 浅析汤姆叔叔悲剧命运的原因An Analysis Jane Eyre's Attitude Toward Love 分析简爱的爱情观A Brief Analysis of Techniques of E-C Translation of English Business Contracts 浅析英文商务合同中的中译技巧An Analysis of Curtual Value in the Bluest Eye 浅析《最蓝的眼睛》的文化价值观An Analysis of the Wuthering Heights from the Femists Perspective 从女性主义视角解读«呼啸山庄»The Comparative Study of Animal Image Between the Call of the Wild and Wolf Totem «野性的呼唤»和«狼图腾»动物意象的对比Analysis of Robinson Crusoe's Pioneering Spirit 浅析鲁滨逊的开拓精神The Advertures of Hucleberry Finn-the Growth Trip 《哈克贝利费恩历险记》-成长之旅Religious Connotations of Biblical Archetypes in Little Womnen《小妇人》中《圣经》的宗教内涵Differences Between English and Chinese Kinship Terms and Their Translation英汉亲属称谓语的差异及互译An Analysis of the Artistic Features of Movies Harry Potter 对电影«哈利波特»的艺术特色分析The Basic Features and Pragmatic Functions of American Slang in Friends 从«老友记»看美国俚语的基本特点和语用功能An Analysis of Woolf's Androgynous Theory in To the Lighthouse 《灯塔行》中维吉尼亚·伍尔芙的双性同体理论分析Analyzing the Differences of Family Education Between China and America 浅析中美家庭教育差异On the Narrative Discourse in Beloved 浅析«宠儿»中的叙事话语The Study of Cultural Introduction of Reading Teaching in Senior Middle School 高中英语阅读教学中的文化背景导入研究Analysis of Dual Personality on Hardy's Tess 苔丝的双重性格The Analysis of the Features of Aesop's Fables 浅析《伊索寓言》的特点A Beautiful Changeble Woman-- Reading of the Famous Famous Female Character Scarlett in Gone with the Wind 美丽的多面女郎-- 解读《飘》中经典女性人物形象斯嘉丽An Analysis of the Jennie's Tragic Fate in Jennie Gerhardt 浅析《珍妮姑娘》中女主人公的悲剧性命运Analyzing Influences of the Four Women on David Copperfield's life浅析《大卫．科波菲尔》中四位女性给大卫人生带来的影响Symbolic Techniques on Movies from Forrest Gump 浅析电影«阿甘正传»的象征技法On the Image of Madwoman in Jane Eyre 论简爱中的疯女人形象Analysis of Changes on Wommen's Social Status from Portia in The Merchant of Venice 通过《威尼斯商人》中的鲍西亚透析女性社会地位的变化The Application of Task-based Language Teaching Method in the Reading Teaching in Middle School 任务型教学在初中英语阅读教学中的应用on Chinese-English Translation Strategies of Tourism Attraction from the Perspective of Cultural Dissimilarities 从文化差异角度论景点介绍的英译策略On the Features of Long Sentences in Legal English and Their Translation Strategies法律英语长句的特点与其汉语翻译策略An Ecofeminist Analysis of Lady Chatterley's Lover «查泰莱夫人的情人»的生态女性主义解读Far From the Madding Crowd-A Tragedy of A Woman and A Tragedy of Society «远离尘嚣»-一部妇女的悲剧和社会的悲剧The Face Issues in Intercultural Communication Between Chinese and American 中美跨文化交际中的面子问题An Analysis of The Resistant Spirit of Jane Eyre 浅析简爱的反抗精神An Empirical Study on the Effects of Cloze Problem- solving Strategy Training on Chinese Senior High School高中英语完形填空解题思路培训的实证研究Analysis the Course of Celie's Growth in The Color Purple 分析«紫色»中西丽的成长过程An Analysis of Independence in Jane Eyre 关于简爱独立性的分析Analysis of the Advantages of English Literal and Free Translation on Chinese Idioms 简析英语直译与意译在汉语成语翻译中的优势An Analysis about the Influence of Chinese Culture of Neutral Beauty from Art and Dress 从艺术、服饰领域浅析中性美对中国文化的影响The Character of the Hero in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 分析«哈克贝利.费恩历险记»中主人公哈克的性格特征On the Translation Strategies of Puns in English Advertisements 论双关语在英语广告中的翻译策略An Analysis to Rebecca's Character in Vanity Fair 浅析«名利场»中蓓基.夏普的人物性格The Analysis of Heacliff's Dual Personalities in Wuthering Heights 浅析《呼啸山庄》中希斯克里夫性格的双重性On Cultivating Students'Cross-Cultural Awareness in Middle School English Teaching 论中学英语教学中跨文化意识的培养The Comparative Study of Chinese and American Wedding Custom 中美婚礼习俗差异对比研究On Auxiliary Functions of Original English Film in English Instructions 浅谈英美原版电影对英语教学的辅助作用The Analysis of Diffrences of Writing Styles Between The Picture of Dorian Gray and De Profoundis of Oscar Wilde's 论奥斯卡•王尔德《道连•格雷的画像》与《自深深处》的写作风格差异The Awakening of Lucy's Self-Consciousness in A Room with a View 论《看得见风景的房间》中女性自我意识觉醒Differences and Cultural Connotation Between Chinese Names and Western Names英汉姓名的文化内涵及差异Loss and Maintenance of Traditional Culture 传统文化的缺失和保护An Analysis of Cultural Conflicts from the Joy Luck Club 从《喜福会》看中美文化冲突The Stream-of-Consciousness Technique in Woolf's Novels 意识流写作手法在伍尔芙小说的应用Analysis of Number Symbolism Between English and Chinese Culture 英汉数字文化象征意义分析The Reflection of Lawrence's View on Love in The Rainbow 劳伦斯爱情观在《虹》中的体现Translation Strategies of English Movie Titles 英文电影片名的翻译策略A Study of English Vocabulary Memory Strategy in Junior Schools 初中英语词汇记忆策略研究Jazz--the Countercharge and Placebo of Changing Times 爵士乐对当代的反诉与安慰A Study of Games in English Teaching in Primary School 游戏在小学英语教育中的运用On The Use of Irony in A Tale of Two Cities论《双城记》中的反讽The Analysis of Irony in Gulliver's Travels 浅谈《格列佛游记》中的讽刺艺术Strategies for Language Fuzziness in Consecutive Interpretation：Views from Across-cultural Communication从跨文化角度谈交替传译中对模糊语的应对策略Analytical Study upon the Culture Shock and Culture Adaptation in intercultural communication -Take Culture Shock and Culture Adaptation between Chinese and American Culture for Example 浅议跨文化交际中的文化休克和文化适应现象-以中美文化休克和文化适应现象为例An Analysis of Priest's Love Tragedy in Western Literature 简析西方文学作品中神职人员的爱情悲剧An Analysis of Rebecca from the Perspective of Female Gothicism 试析《蝴蝶梦》中的女性哥特元素An Analysis of the Influences of the Film Harry Potter on Chinese Children's Growth 浅析影片哈利波特系列对中国儿童成长的影响From the Perspective of Foreignizing and Domesticasting Translation Strategies of Biblical Allusions 从归化和异化的角度看圣经典故的翻译策略On Integration Between Chinese and Western Culture from HuaMulan's Image in the Disney Cartoon Film 从迪士尼动画片中木兰形象塑造看中西文化融合An Analysis of the Heroine's Contradictory Character in the Scarlet Letter 《红字》中女主人公矛盾性格分析Chinglish in College Students' English Writing --based on the students’of Foreign Language Department of Changji College 大学生英语写作中的中式英语--昌吉学院外语系本科学生为例Brief Analysis of the Fate of Beloved in Beloved 浅析《宠儿》中宠儿的命运。

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Management Science and ResearchVolume 8(1), 2019, PP.78-81 A Comparative Study of School-enterprise Cooperation and Work-study Combination System Construction in Vocational Education at Home and AbroadHuang JuanChongQing Technology And Business Institute, chongqing 401520, ChinaAbstractIn this paper, based on the experience and practice of school-enterprise cooperation in developed countries, the current situation of school-enterprise cooperation in China was studied. Through analysis and comparison, the mode of school-enterprise cooperation suitable for higher vocational education in China was explored to promote the development of higher vocational education in China. The current situation and existing problems of work-study integration in higher vocational education in China were analyzed, and different modes of work-study combination in foreign higher vocational education were compared. Under the current situation, earnestly studying and drawing lessons from the experience of foreign developed countries is of great significance to the continuing development of school-enterprise cooperation and the talent training mode of work-study combination in national model colleges and key universities.Keywords: School-enterprise cooperation; Work-study combination; V ocational education1.Introduction"School-enterprise cooperation" is one of the successful experiences of higher education in developed countries. This school-running mode has withstood the test of history and has been proved to be the best mode of training applied talents with flexible operation and complementary advantages. It reflects the clear division of labor between schools and enterprises in cultural knowledge education and vocational skills training, the close combination of theory and practice and related resources. The principle of sharing. Its essence is to train high-level technical personnel of enterprises with equal emphasis on theory and practice, professional knowledge and vocational skills through the cooperation of industry, education and industry. Studying the characteristics and successful experience of school-enterprise cooperation in developing higher education in developed countries is of great benefit to promoting the development of higher education in China, especially to fostering qualified applied technical talents. Since its birth, higher vocational education has a natural and close relationship with enterprises, which has obvious characteristics of combining engineering with learning. From the development history of the training mode of combining work with study abroad, the combination of work and study also has distinct characteristics of vocational education. It can be seen that the development of higher vocational education with the mode of combining work with learning can achieve the training objectives more effectively, and can further promote the improvement of the quality and efficiency of running a school.parisons of school-enterprise cooperation construction at home and abroad2.1Main forms of school-enterprise cooperation in developed countriesThe first is the form of running schools with enterprises as the main part and schools as the subsidiary part. German "dual system" vocational education model is a typical representative of this form of school-enterprise cooperation [1]. This form of school-enterprise cooperation has the following characteristics: firstly, the training objectives are very clear and can be carried out steadfastly; secondly, whether it is teachers or teaching mode and teaching content, it reflects the requirements of enterprises.The second is school-led and enterprise-supported forms of running schools. The "sandwich education" in Britain and the "alternation education" in the United States belong to this form [2]. The characteristics of this form of school-enterprise cooperation are as follows: firstly, in terms of training objectives, using two different educational environments and educational resources of schools and enterprises to cultivate applied talents suitable for the needs of enterprises; secondly, job training has become an important part of school teaching activities.The third is the form of joint venture between enterprises and schools. This is the result of expanding school autonomy in developed countries to promote the development of vocational education [3]. This form is different from other forms of school-enterprise cooperation in running schools.Fourthly, enterprises establish schools independently. This is a way in which the enterprise completely controls the school's training objectives and the students' training process [4]. Its characteristics are as follows: firstly, according to their own needs,enterprises establish vocational and technical schools which are basically consistent with the production and operation of enterprises, mainly cultivating all kinds of talents needed by enterprises; secondly, schools are an important part of enterprises, and the teaching process and the process of students' participation in work are integrated.2.2Current situation and problems of school-enterprise cooperation in vocational education in ChinaHigher vocational education is a new thing to meet the needs of China's economic development. Most of them were founded in the late 1980s and 1990s. Although they have a short history, after more than ten years of hard work, they have not only trained a group of urgently needed applied talents for local economic construction and related industries, but also "got acquainted" with a large number of enterprises, formed good cooperative relations and carried out cooperation in different forms, levels and characteristics."School-enterprise cooperation" is the inevitable trend of the development of higher vocational colleges, the objective requirement of economic development for education, and the inherent need for the survival and development of higher vocational colleges. However, there are still some problems in school-enterprise cooperation in higher vocational colleges. Firstly, in the existing school-enterprise cooperation, most of them are for survival, development and adapting to the requirements of the market economy. They actively seek partners from the business community and seldom seek to cooperate with schools. True school-enterprise cooperation should be voluntary, risk-sharing, complementary advantages and benefit-sharing [5]. From this point of view, it is far from the true sense of school-enterprise cooperation to achieve the overall efficiency of running a school. Secondly, in today's rapidly changing market economy, China's industries and enterprises are still in the process of restructuring and transformation. It is almost impossible to find a long-term, stable enterprise that can fully meet the needs of teaching. How to maintain the integrity and systematicness of teaching, cooperate with enterprises, adjust teaching content and practice flexibly, and adapt to the changes of market and enterprise development is an urgent issue to be studied and solved. Thirdly, the enterprise pursues the profit of production and operation, and the school pursues the quality of training talents. Market economy brings not only huge profits to enterprises, but also blindness and risk. How to avoid the negative impact of the temptation of market economy on schools and prevent the concept of talent cultivation and ensure the quality of education is also an urgent problem and contradiction in the cooperation between higher vocational colleges and enterprises.parisons of work-study combination construction at home and abroad3.1Overseas work-study combination model and its characteristicsGerman "dual system" vocational education is a world-recognized "work-study combination" model of talent training [6]. Dual-system vocational education model takes enterprises as "one part" and vocational schools as "another part". Students learn theoretical knowledge in vocational schools and acquire vocational skills through practice in enterprises. This kind of education mode is the core of German vocational education and a sharp weapon to promote the development of German industrial economy.V ocational education institutions in Britain are mainly technical colleges. The education mode of work-study combination is the sandwich mode of "learning-practice-learning" alternating with engineering. This model is named for the fact that students go to enterprises for a long period of time to take part in practical work, which is like a "sandwich" between two pieces of bread and a piece of meat [7]. This kind of work-study alternating system is more than one year for general degree courses and Diploma courses. This extra year is mainly used for work practice.The cooperative education in the United States originated from the cooperative education plan of combining education with industry put forward by a university in the United States. For more than a century, it has been enriched and perfected in practice. It is a popular mode of engineering combination in the world. It is a structured education strategy that combines classroom learning with productive work experience learning in related fields [8]. Its core is to determine competency goals based on the needs of professional posts. The field of student work is related to their academic or professional goals. Cooperative education is a partnership among students, educational institutions and employers. Participants have their own specific responsibilities.3.2Problems existing in the practice of work-study combination in ChinaWith the gradual establishment of the market economic system, the talent training mode of work-study combination in China is facing the shortage of many factors. These problems are mainly manifested in the lack of management system, teaching system, curriculum system, enterprise enthusiasm, personal enthusiasm and other factors. The development of work-study education can not be separated from four supports, namely, the enthusiasm of the state, the enthusiasm of enterprises, the enthusiasm of schools (including the enthusiasm of the education sector), as well as the enthusiasm of individuals. If one of these initiatives is backward, then it is very difficult to promote vocational education. The current situation is that the state's financial support has mobilized the enthusiasm of the government for good schools, but the enthusiasm of enterprises and individuals has not yet been mobilized [9]. That is to say, two of the four pillars are inadequate, and it is difficult to promote vocational education under such conditions.Firstly, some enterprises attach more importance to production than education, and pay less attention to skilled talents. They do not realize that enterprises are the direct beneficiaries of vocational education, nor do they realize that enterprises' investment in vocational education is also a productive investment. Specifically, the proportion of education and training costs in the total cost of enterprises is too low, and enterprises do not assume the social responsibility for investment in vocational education.Secondly, the mechanism of school-enterprise cooperation is imperfect and lacks the motive mechanism of cooperation. School-enterprise cooperation is not only an educational behavior, but also an economic behavior. To achieve success, it is necessary to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of both sides, find the interests of both sides, and then establish a dynamic mechanism. This requires the policy support and appropriate institutional safeguards from the government. Otherwise, in the absence of policies, regulations and institutional guarantees, the extra costs incurred by enterprises in participating in vocational educationneed to be borne by enterprises themselves. In the long run, it is difficult for enterprises to insist on participating in V ocational education.Thirdly, the curriculum is unreasonable. The combination of work and study is a completely different education model from traditional vocational education, which requires corresponding curriculum standards. However, in reality, most vocational schools are still using the same curriculum as full-time classes, and there is no curriculum system to meet the needs of work-study integration.Figure 1 The relationship between work-study combination and school-enterprise cooperation and vocational education4.Measures to develop school-enterprise cooperation and work-study combination system construction invocational education in ChinaStarting from the actual situation of our country, the following measures can promote the healthy development of the school-enterprise cooperation model of vocational education in our country. Firstly, the idea that school-enterprise cooperation is the fundamental way out for the development of higher vocational education needs to be firmly established. The successful experience of school-enterprise cooperation in promoting the development of vocational education in developed countries shows that the real sense of school-enterprise cooperation can make vocational education solve the problem of combining theoretical teaching with practical teaching [10]. Secondly, the state should formulate a complete set of laws and regulations to guarantee the cooperation between higher vocational education institutions and enterprises. A complete legal and institutional guarantee is a prerequisite for the smooth development of Higher V ocational Education in developed countries. Thirdly, the government should introduce incentives to attract enterprises to participate in vocational education.At present, many schools have realized the importance of school-enterprise cooperation. The training mode of combining work with study abroad can be used for reference to innovate the training mode of higher vocational talents in China. In order to carry out the talent training mode of combining work with study, many specific measures have been taken by Western countries, among which the following are especially worth learning from. Firstly, the government must play an important role in vocational education. The government should not only increase investment, but also use legal, economic, administrative, policy and other means to guide and promote the participation of society and enterprises in vocational education, and play the role of social forces and business organizations in vocational education. Secondly, to meet the needs of society as the basic orientation, the curriculum of higher vocational education should be adjusted and reformed. Thirdly, it is feasible to design work-study combination schemes by strengthening contacts with industries and enterprises and rationally allocating time according to different requirements of different majors.5.ConclusionIn a word, the purpose of studying foreign experience is to make use of it for our country's development. To study the talent cultivation mode of higher vocational colleges in China, it is necessary to start from China's national conditions, especially the conditions of regional economic and social development, and take social needs as the basic orientation. By exploring the talent training mode of higher vocational education with Chinese characteristics independently, a more attractive school-running mode can be established, thus promoting the healthy and orderly development of school-enterprise cooperation in higher vocational education and making our higher vocational education go up to a new level.Acknowledgements：A comparative study on the system construction of school-enterprise cooperation and combination of work and study in vocational education at home and abroad（WT2017-01）References[1]Niu Dexiong. Research on the Teaching Mode of "Work-study Combination" with the Dual Subjects of School and Enterprise:Taking the Training of Software Development Talents as an Example. Industrial and Information Education, 2018 (05): 36-40. [2]Shenglin. 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