Relationships between Radiation Dose and Chromosome Aberrations Induced by Heavy Ions in Human P
GB50484--石化施工安全规范
石油化工建设工程施工安全技术规范GB 50484 2008 自2009 年6 月1 日起实施本规范是根据建设部《2005 年工程建设标准规范制订、修订计划(第二批）的通知》(建标函[2005]124 号）,由中国石油化工集团公司组织编制。
规范内容共分10 章，包括总则、术语、施工安全管理通用规定、临时用电、起重作业、脚手架作业、土建作业、安装作业、施工检测、施工机械使用。
1.0.1 为适应石油化工建设工程的需要,保障人身安全和健康,保护公众财产不受损失，保护环境不受危害,制定本规范。
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0.2 本规范适用于石油炼制、石油化工、化纤、化肥等建设工程施工的安全技术管理.1。
0.3 石油化工工程建设施工必须坚持“安全第一，预防为主”的方针。
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4 石油化工建设工程施工安全技术除应执行本规范外，尚应符合国家现行有关标准的规定。
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1 施工用火 hot work 石油化工工程建设中各类金属焊接、切割作业及其他产生火花和明火作业统称为施工用火.2。
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2 固定动火区 specified hot work area 在石油化工建设工程项目施工现场限定的范围内，不需要办理动火作业证即可进行动火作业的区域.2。
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3 生命绳 life yarn 高处作业中专门用来悬挂安全带的绳索。
2.0.4 临时用电 electricity on construction site 为建设工程项目施工提供的、工程施工完毕即行拆除的电力线路与电气设施。
2.0.5 配电柜 distributing tank 布置在施工配电室（包括独立配电房和箱式变电站)内的配电装置，包括进线柜和出线柜。
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0.6 总配电箱 total distribution box 布置在用电负荷中心的落地式配电装置，其进线端与配电室的出线柜相连，出线端与分配电箱或大功率用电设备相连.2.0。
7 分配电箱 sub-distribution box 分布在各施工点，使用电设备就近获得电源的配电装置,其进线端与总配电箱相连，出线端与开关箱或用电设备相连。
术前256层螺旋CT双低剂量扫描对结肠癌肿瘤侵犯及肠系膜血管分布的评估价值
学术论著中国医学装备2023年6月第20卷第6期 China Medical Equipment 2023 June V ol.20 No.6[文章编号] 1672-8270(2023)06-0047-06 [中图分类号] R816.5 R735.3+5 [文献标识码] AAssessment value of preoperative 256-slice spiral CT double-low-dose scan in the tumor invasion and the distribution of mesenteric blood vessels of colon cancer/XUAN Jian-xin, LIU Zhe-feng, TENG Wei, et al//China Medical Equipment,2023,20(6):47-52.[Abstract] Objective: T o explore the assessment value of preoperative 256-slice spiral computed tomography (CT) double low-dose scanning in assessing the tumor invasion and the distribution of mesenteric blood vessels of colon cancer. Methods: A total of 140 patients who were scheduled to undergo laparoscopic radical resection of colon cancer in Chengde Central Hospital were selected and they were divided into a double-low-dose group and a conventional-dose group by random number table method, with 70 cases in each group. Both the double-low-dose group and the conventional-dose group underwent 256-slice spiral CT double-low-dose and conventional-dose scans before operation. The objective and subjective evaluations of image qualities and radiation dose were compared between the two groups, and the diagnostic results of postoperative histopathology were used as the "gold standard" to analyze the accuracies of conventional dose CT and double-low-dose CT in assessing the tumor invasion and the distribution of mesenteric blood vessel of colon cancer. Results: The signal to noise ratio (SNR), contrast to noise ratio (CNR), noise and CT values of the double-low-dose group were significantly lower than those of the conventional dose group (t =14.415, t =16.045, t =2.163, t =30.096, P <0.05), respectively. The image quality scores of 2 physicians in the double-low-dose group were slightly lower than those in the conventional dose group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The dose length product (DLP), computed tomography dose index (CTDI vol ) and the effective dose (ED) in the double-low-dose group were significantly lower than those in the conventional-dose group (t =20.227, t =21.355, t =24.207, P <0.05), respectively. The accuracies of double-low-dose CT in assessing lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and nerve invasion [86.21%(25/29), 85.71%(18/21), 94.44%(17/18)] were not significantly different with those of postoperative pathology, respectively. The accuracies of double-low-dose CT in assessing the tissue of superior mesenteric vein, arterial distribution on the dorsal side of the superior mesenteric vein, and arterial distribution on the ventral side of the superior mesenteric vein respectively were 98.57%(68/70), 90.32%(28/31) and 94.59% (35/37), which were no significant differences with those of postoperative pathology. Conclusion: Preoperative 256-slice spiral CT double-low-dose scan of colon cancer can improve image quality, which has obvious advantages in reducing radiation dose and image noise, and it can accurately assess preoperative the tumor invasion and the distribution of mesenteric blood vessels for colon cancer. [Key words] Colon cancer; 256-slice spiral computed tomography (CT); Low dose; T umor invasion; Distribution of mesenteric blood vessel[First-author’s address] Department of Radiology, Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde 067000, China.[摘要] 目的：探究术前256层螺旋CT双低剂量扫描对结肠癌肿瘤侵犯及肠系膜血管分布的评估价值。
专题05 阅读理解D篇(2024年新课标I卷) (专家评价+三年真题+满分策略+多维变式) 原卷版
《2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升》专题05阅读理解D篇（新课标I卷）原卷版(专家评价+全文翻译+三年真题+词汇变式+满分策略+话题变式)目录一、原题呈现P2二、答案解析P3三、专家评价P3四、全文翻译P3五、词汇变式P4(一)考纲词汇词形转换P4(二)考纲词汇识词知意P4(三)高频短语积少成多P5(四)阅读理解单句填空变式P5(五)长难句分析P6六、三年真题P7(一)2023年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P7(二)2022年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P8(三)2021年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P9七、满分策略（阅读理解说明文）P10八、阅读理解变式P12 变式一：生物多样性研究、发现、进展6篇P12变式二：阅读理解D篇35题变式（科普研究建议类）6篇P20一原题呈现阅读理解D篇关键词: 说明文;人与社会;社会科学研究方法研究;生物多样性; 科学探究精神;科学素养In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observation s of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not w ell-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?A. They are becoming outdated.B. They are mostly in electronic form.C. They are limited in number.D. They are used for public exhibition.33. What does Daru’s study focus on?A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.C. Observational data.D. Mobile applications.34. What has led to the biases according to the study?A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.C. Improper way of sampling.D. Unreliable data collection devices.35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?A. Review data from certain areas.B. Hire experts to check the records.C. Confirm the identity of the users.D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.二答案解析三专家评价考查关键能力，促进思维品质发展2024年高考英语全国卷继续加强内容和形式创新，优化试题设问角度和方式，增强试题的开放性和灵活性，引导学生进行独立思考和判断，培养逻辑思维能力、批判思维能力和创新思维能力。
dose用法
dose用法用法及详解：dose1. 名词用法•(1) 量度单位：Dose作为名词时，可表示一定量的药物、辐射等。
常见搭配有：– A dose of medicine: 一剂药物– A high/low dose: 高/低剂量–The recommended dose: 建议剂量•(2) 服用药量：Dose也可以指代医学中的药物服用量，常见短语有：–Take a dose: 服一次剂量–Miss a dose: 错过服药时间–Overdose: 药物过量•(3) 放射剂量：在核能或医学测试中，Dose表示辐射剂量。
常见表达方式有：–Radiation dose: 辐射剂量–High/low dose radiation: 高/低剂量辐射•(4) 动物毒药或毒素：在动物学或毒理学中，Dose可指代动物或生物摄入的毒药或毒素量。
表达常用词组有：–Toxic dose: 毒性剂量–Lethal dose: 致死剂量–LD50 (Lethal Dose 50%): 致死50%剂量2. 动词用法•(1) 给予药物：Dose可以作为动词，意为给予某人或某物药物剂量。
常见用法有：–Dose (someone/something) with (medicine): 给予某人/某物某种药物剂量–He was dosed with antibiotics: 他服用了抗生素•(2) 注射剂量：在医学或实验环境中，Dose也可以指示对某人或某物注射特定剂量。
常见表达方式有：–Dose (someone/something) with (a vaccine): 对某人/某物注射疫苗–The mice were dosed with a chemical: 小鼠被注射了一种化学物质•(3) 加药：在化学合成或实验中，Dose可以指示向某个溶液或混合物中加入特定剂量的药物。
常用短语包括：–Dose (a solution) with (a chemical): 向某溶液中加入一种化学物质–The reaction was dosed with a catalyst: 反应中添加了催化剂3. 其他用法•(1) 音乐用语：在音乐领域，Dose用于描述音乐的节奏或旋律的部分。
放射医学专业英语翻译
Unit 4 Section ADNA Strand Breaks and Chromosomal Abberations Inducedby Ionizing Radiation（1）1.What is the principal target for the biologic effects of radiation on the basis of strong circumstantial evidence?基于详细的证据，辐射生物效应的主要靶点是什么？2. What is the structure of a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule?脱氧核糖核酸分子的结构是什么?DNA Strand BreaksDNA链断裂There is strong circumstantial evidence to indicate that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the principal target for the biologic effects of radiation, including cell killing mutation, and carcinogenesis. A consideration of the biologic effects of radiation therefore must begin logically with a description of the breaks in DNA caused by charged-particle tracks and by the chemical species produced.有足够多且详细的证据表明脱氧核糖核酸是辐射生物效应的主要的靶，包括细胞杀伤性突变和致癌作用。
因此，从带电粒子和化学产物导致的DNA链断裂来考虑辐射生物效应是较合乎逻辑的。
俯卧腹板固定技术在直肠癌术前放疗摆位中的重复性分析
俯卧腹板固定技术在直肠癌术前放疗摆位中的重复性分析李扬成;何振宇;刘慧;貌友兄【摘要】目的探讨俯卧腹板固定技术在直肠癌术前放疗摆位中的重复性和精确性.方法50例直肠癌术前放疗患者随机分成真空袋组和俯卧腹板组各25例,在治疗前、治疗中每周及治疗结束当天均拍摄射野验证片以了解摆位的重复性,并比较两组之间及每周之间的差异.结果俯卧腹板组和真空袋组相比射野中心点的偏差在X、Y和Z方向上均无统计学差异(P＞0.05);而在放疗中每周及放疗结束时的比较中,俯卧腹板组射野中心点的偏差在X、Y和Z方向上无显著差异(P＞0.05),但真空袋组射野中心点的偏差在X、Y和Z方向存在显著差异(P＜0.05).结论与常规真空袋固定技术相比较,俯卧腹板固定技术有相似的重复性,并且受时间的影响较少,建议临床上进一步研究.【期刊名称】《岭南现代临床外科》【年(卷),期】2010(010)005【总页数】3页(P332-334)【关键词】直肠癌;放疗;体位固定;腹板【作者】李扬成;何振宇;刘慧;貌友兄【作者单位】510060,广东广州,华南肿瘤学国家重点实验室;510060,广东广州,中山大学肿瘤防治中心放疗科;510060,广东广州,华南肿瘤学国家重点实验室;510060,广东广州,中山大学肿瘤防治中心放疗科;510060,广东广州,华南肿瘤学国家重点实验室;510060,广东广州,中山大学肿瘤防治中心放疗科;510060,广东广州,华南肿瘤学国家重点实验室;510060,广东广州,中山大学肿瘤防治中心放疗科【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R735.3近10年来，术前放疗在局部晚期直肠癌综合治疗中地位越来越重要，研究表明术前同期放化疗能显著提高局部控制率及延长患者的远期生存率［1，2］。
但放疗可造成盆腔器官放射性损伤，特别是小肠。
目前通常采用俯卧位、充盈膀胱等方法来降低小肠受照剂量［3，4］。
本研究通过在直肠癌术前放疗中采用俯卧腹板固定技术，并与常规真空袋固定技术比较，探讨俯卧腹板固定技术在直肠癌术前放疗摆位中的重复性。
迭代算法(Asir-V)在儿童胸部扫描中的应用价值
迭代算法(Asir-V)在儿童胸部扫描中的应用价值董丽娜【摘要】目的探讨Asir-V技术在儿童胸部低剂量扫描中的应用价值.方法对60例患儿根据Asir-V的设置随机分为3组,每组20例,Asir-V分别为30%、50%和70%.每例分别测量胸廓入口层面,气管分叉层面,心底层面背部肌肉CT值的标准差(Standard Deviation,SD)为背景噪声指数,记录每个病例的剂量长度乘积(Dose-Length Product,DLP),并根据公式换算有效剂量,比较3组SD和有效剂量(Effective Dose,ED)值.结果 3组病例SD分别为21.74±1.39、21.42±1.67和22.07±1.99,DLP分别为(18.99±9.55)、(12.77±4.22)和(7.45±2.01)mGy·cm,ED 分别为(0.57±0.21)、(0.34±0.10)和(0.20±0.05)mSv,3组SD值相当,任意两组差异(P>0.05)无统计学意义,ED递减,任意两组差异(P<0.01)有统计学意义.读片结果各病例图像质量良好(≥3分),两位医师图片一致性良好.结论 Asir-V技术在保证图像质量的同时,可有效降低辐射剂量,对儿童胸部低剂量扫描有重要价值.%Objective To explore the application value of Asir-V technology in low dose chest scanning in children. Methods Sixty cases were randomly divided into three groups (20 in each group) based on different algorithms: group A (Asir-V: 30%), group B (Asir-V: 50%), group C (Asir-V, 70%). The SD of muscle of back in thoracic inlet level, trachea bifurcation level and the bottom of heart level were used as the background noise index. The dose length product of each case was recorded, and the effective dose was calculated according to the formula. The SD and ED values were compared among the 3 groups. Results The SD values in the three groups were21.74±1.39, 21.42±1.67 and 22.07±1.99, respect ively. The DLP values were(18.99±9.55), (12.77±4.22) and (7.45±2.01) mGy·cm. ED values were (0.57±0.21), (0.34±0.10) and (0.20±0.05) mSv, respectively. There were no significant difference between any two groups for SD value (P>0.05). However, there were significant differences for ED value in any two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion Asir-V technology is not only ensure the quality of the image, but also effectively reduce the radiation dose. So it has great value for low dose scanning in children's chest.【期刊名称】《中国医疗设备》【年(卷),期】2018(033)001【总页数】4页(P69-71,81)【关键词】迭代算法;滤波反投影法;小儿胸部;低剂量;多层螺旋CT【作者】董丽娜【作者单位】徐州市儿童医院医学影像科,江苏徐州 221000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R814.42引言儿童呼吸系统疾病为最常见的疾病之一，胸部CT检查作为儿童胸片的补充手段被广泛应用。
1例特殊疾病背景的出血性痔病例报告及文献回顾
Journal of Colorectal &Anal Surgery结直肠肛门外科2021年4月第27卷第2期1例特殊疾病背景的出血性痔病例报告及文献回顾黄丹丹，张迪，彭慧，任东林△中山大学附属第六医院肛肠外科广东广州510655DOI:10.19668/ki.issn1674-0491.2021.02.005出血性痔是临床常见的肛肠疾病之一，常采用保守治疗和手术治疗（包括痔切除术、套扎术、注射术等），可获得良好的治疗效果。
然而，当出血性痔合并特殊疾病时，往往会给临床医师制定治疗决策带来巨大的挑战和困难。
本文通过回顾1例特殊疾病背景的出血性痔患者的治疗过程，详细分析该患者的病史、诊断、治疗及预后，为临床医师开展痔病规范化诊疗提供参考。
1临床资料患者男性，67岁，因“反复便血7月余，加重2月”于2019年7月17日到我院就诊。
患者自诉于7月余前无明显诱因下出现排粪疼痛，伴少量便血，5月余前在当地医院诊断为“1.直肠低分化腺癌T 2N 1M 0Ⅲ期；2.前列腺癌未排？”。
随后转至上级医院就诊，因患者拒绝手术故行30次放疗及4疗程化疗。
近两个月出现便后出血加重，以滴血、喷血多见，伴头晕、心悸、肛门疼痛等症状。
1周前于外院就诊，血常规结果提示：血红蛋白63g/L ，血小板66×109/L ，予输血、降压、护心、局部压迫止血等对症支持治疗，便后出血症状改善不明显，遂转诊我院。
既往史：患者自诉10余年前诊断“混合痔”，未予处理；高血压病史20余年，测量血压最高值为200/120mmHg ，规律服用降压药，血压控制良好。
就诊前测得血压值偏低，患者停用降压药1周；冠心病10余年，规律服用降脂及抗血小板聚集药物，已停用1周。
入院体格检查：腹部视诊未见异常，全腹无压痛、反跳痛，肠鸣音正常。
肛周皮肤无溢液，因放疗呈花斑样改变（见图1），肛门未见痔核脱出，无触痛。
指诊肛门括约肌紧张，触痛明显，肛管狭窄，直肠黏膜粗糙，未扪及异常肿物，退出指套血染。