Sarpogrelate_hydrochloride_DataSheet_MedChemExpress
RESIST DEVELOPER
专利名称：RESIST DEVELOPER 发明人：YAMASHITA YOSHIMI 申请号：JP18790780 申请日：19801229 公开号：J P S5711274 6A 公开日：19820713
摘要：PURPOSE:To enable development enhancing both gamma value and sensitivity by using a mixed soln. consisting of a mixed solvent prepared by mixing ketone with alcohol in a specified ratio and of a specified extent of water as a developer for a positive type resist for X-rays or electron beams. CONSTITUTION:A 3-component mixed soln. consisting of 20-80pts.vol. org. ketone solvent, preferably isobutyl ketone, 80-20pts.vol. alcohol, preferably isopropyl alcohol and 5-20pts.vol. water is alcohol, preferably isopropyl alcohol and 5-20pts.vol. water is used as a developer for dissolving and removing a resist solubilized by irradiating X-rays or electron beams. Thus, both gamma value and sensitivity are enhanced. The gamma value is the gradient between the ratio of residual film thickness after development/original film thickness, that is, the residual film rate and the intersection of an exposure characteristic curve and X axis, and it is an index representing resolving power. The sensitivity is the exposure required to reduce the thickness of a resist film to 50% of the original thickness, and a lower value of sensitivity is preferable. As a result, enhanced sensitivity and resolving power are obtd., and the efficiency of a semiconductor manufacturing process is enhanced.
CAS号50-35-1_Thalidomide技术参数MedBio
品牌
货号
中文名称
英文名称
CAS
包装
纯度
MedBio
MED11214
6,6,7,7-四羟基-5,5-二异丙基-3,3-二甲基-[2,2-bi萘]-1,1,4,4-四酮
Apogossypolone (ApoG2)
886578-07-0
5mg
≥98%
品牌
货号
中文名称
英文名称
CAS
包装
纯度
MedBio
品牌
货号
中文名称
英文名称
CAS
包装
纯度
MedBio
MED11239
BIM, Biotinylated
BIM, Biotinylated
None
1mg
≥98%
品牌
货号
中文名称
英文名称
CAS
包装
纯度
MedBio
MED11233
荜茇酰胺
Piperlongumine
20069-09-4
10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
CAS
1、产品物理参数：
常用名
沙利度胺
英文名
Thalidomide
CAS号
50-35-1
分子量
258.229
密度
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
沸点
509.7±43.0 °C at 760 mmHg
分子式
C13H10N2O4
熔点
269-271°C
闪点
262.1±28.2 °C
2、技术资料：
体外研究
沙利度胺最初作为一种镇静剂被推广，具有免疫调节，抗炎和抗血管生成的癌症特性，并且靶向ereblon（CRBN），它是cullin-4 E3泛素连接酶复合物CUL4-RBX1-DDB1的一部分，其Kd为〜250 nM [1]。沙利度胺（50μg/ mL）增强了依替替尼对PC9和A549细胞增殖的抗肿瘤活性，这种作用与细胞凋亡和细胞迁移有关。此外，沙利度胺和依替替尼抑制PC9细胞中的EGFR和VEGF-R2途径[3]。
LUNA SENSATION 藻类杀菌剂数据安全表说明书
LUNA SENSATION®1/11Version 4.0 / USA Revision Date: 06/30/2020102000012886 Print Date: 06/30/2020SECTION 1: IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKINGProduct identifierTrade nameLUNA SENSATION®Product code (UVP)84469882SDS Number102000012886EPA Registration No. 264-1090Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised againstUseFungicideRestrictions on useSee product label for restrictions.Information on supplierSupplier Bayer CropScience LP 800 North Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63167 USAResponsible DepartmentEmail: ************************Emergency telephone no.Emergency Telephone Number (24hr/ 7 days)1-800-334-7577Product Information Telephone Number 1-866-99BAYER (1-866-992-2937)SECTION 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATIONClassification in accordance with regulation HCS 29CFR §1910.1200 Acute toxicity(Oral): Category 4Reproductive toxicity: Effects on or via lactationLabelling in accordance with regulation HCS 29CFR §1910.1200Signal word : WarningHazard statementsHarmful if swallowed.May cause harm to breast-fed children.LUNA SENSATION®2/11 Version 4.0/USA Revision Date: 06/30/2020 102000012886Print Date: 06/30/2020 Precautionary statementsWash thoroughly after handling.Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.Obtain special instructions before use.Do not breathe mist.Avoid contact during pregnancy/ while nursing.IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/physician if you feel unwell.Rinse mouth.IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/ attention.Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulation.Hazards Not Otherwise Classified (HNOC)No physical hazards not otherwise classified.No health hazards not otherwise classified.SECTION 3: COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTSHazardous Component Name CAS-No.Concentration % by weight Fluopyram 658066-35-4 21.4 Trifloxystrobin 141517-21-7 21.4 SECTION 4: FIRST AID MEASURESDescription of first aid measuresGeneral advice When possible, have the product container or label with you whencalling a poison control center or doctor or going for treatment.Inhalation Move to fresh air. If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance,then give artificial respiration, preferably mouth-to-mouth if possible.Call a physician or poison control center immediately.Skin contact Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.Wash offimmediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.Call aphysician or poison control center immediately.Eye contact Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20minutes.Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes,then continue rinsing eye.Call a physician or poison control centerimmediately.Ingestion Call a physician or poison control center immediately.Rinse out mouthand give water in small sips to drink.DO NOT induce vomiting unlessdirected to do so by a physician or poison control center.Never giveanything by mouth to an unconscious person.Do not leave victimunattended.Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayedSymptoms To date no symptoms are known.Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment neededLUNA SENSATION®3/11 Version 4.0/USA Revision Date: 06/30/2020 102000012886Print Date: 06/30/2020 Treatment Appropriate supportive and symptomatic treatment as indicated by thepatient's condition is recommended.SECTION 5: FIREFIGHTING MEASURESExtinguishing mediaSuitable Water spray, Carbon dioxide (CO2), Alcohol-resistant foam, Sand Unsuitable High volume water jetSpecial hazards arising from the substance or mixture In the event of fire the following may be released:, Hydrogen chloride (HCl), Hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic acid), Hydrogen fluoride, Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx)Advice for firefightersSpecial protective equipment for firefighters Firefighters should wear NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.Further information Keep out of smoke. Fight fire from upwind position. Cool closedcontainers exposed to fire with water spray. Do not allow run-off fromfire fighting to enter drains or water courses.Flash point> 100 °CAuto-ignition temperature 380 °C / 716 °FLower explosion limit No data availableUpper explosion limit No data availableExplosivity Not explosive92/69/EEC, A.14 / OECD 113SECTION 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURESPersonal precautions, protective equipment and emergency proceduresPrecautions Keep unauthorized people away. Isolate hazard area. Avoid contactwith spilled product or contaminated surfaces.Methods and materials for containment and cleaning upMethods for cleaning up Soak up with inert absorbent material (e.g. sand, silica gel, acidbinder, universal binder, sawdust). Clean contaminated floors andobjects thoroughly, observing environmental regulations. Collect andtransfer the product into a properly labelled and tightly closedcontainer.Additional advice Use personal protective equipment. If the product is accidentallyspilled, do not allow to enter soil, waterways or waste water canal.LUNA SENSATION®4/11 Version 4.0/USA Revision Date: 06/30/2020 102000012886Print Date: 06/30/2020 Reference to other sections Information regarding safe handling, see section 7.Information regarding personal protective equipment, see section 8.Information regarding waste disposal, see section 13.SECTION 7: HANDLING AND STORAGEPrecautions for safe handlingAdvice on safe handling Use only in area provided with appropriate exhaust ventilation. Handleand open container in a manner as to prevent spillage.Hygiene measures Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling and beforeeating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, using the toilet orapplying cosmetics.Remove Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) immediately afterhandling this product. Before removing gloves clean them with soap andwater. Remove soiled clothing immediately and clean thoroughly beforeusing again. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilitiesRequirements for storage areas and containers Store in a cool, dry place and in such a manner as to prevent cross contamination with other crop protection products, fertilizers, food, and feed. Store in original container and out of the reach of children, preferably in a locked storage area. Protect from freezing. Keep away from direct sunlight.SECTION 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTIONControl parameters*OES BCS: Internal Bayer AG, Crop Science Division "Occupational Exposure Standard"Exposure controlsPersonal protective equipmentIn normal use and handling conditions please refer to the label and/or leaflet. In all other cases the following recommendations would apply.Respiratory protection When respirators are required, select NIOSH approved equipmentbased on actual or potential airborne concentrations and inaccordance with the appropriate regulatory standards and/or industryrecommendations.Hand protection Chemical resistant nitrile rubber glovesEye protection Safety glasses with side-shieldsLUNA SENSATION®5/11 Version 4.0/USA Revision Date: 06/30/2020 102000012886Print Date: 06/30/2020 Skin and body protection Wear long-sleeved shirt and long pants and shoes plus socks. General protective measures Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. Ifno such instructions for washables, use detergent and warm/tepidwater.Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry.SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIESAppearance white to beigePhysical State suspensionOdor characteristicOdour Threshold No data availablepH 5.0 - 8.0 (100 %) (23 °C)Viscosity, kinematic No data availableVapor Pressure No data availableVapor Density (Air = 1)No data availableDensity ca. 1.17 g/cm³ (20 °C)Evaporation rate No data availableBoiling Point No data availableMelting / Freezing Point No data availableWater solubility suspensiveMinimum Ignition Energy Not applicableDecompositionStable under normal conditions.temperatureSelf-accelaratingNo data availabledecomposition temperature(SADT)Partition coefficient: n-Not applicableoctanol/waterViscosity240 - 350 mPa.s (20 °C) Velocity gradient 20 /sFlammability No data availableOxidizing properties No oxidizing propertiesFlash point> 100 °CAuto-ignition temperature 380 °C / 716 °FLower explosion limit No data availableUpper explosion limit No data availableLUNA SENSATION®6/11 Version 4.0/USA Revision Date: 06/30/2020 102000012886Print Date: 06/30/2020 Explosivity Not explosive92/69/EEC, A.14 / OECD 113Particle size No data availableOther information Further safety related physical-chemical data are not known.SECTION 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITYReactivityThermal decomposition Stable under normal conditions.Chemical stability Stable under recommended storage conditions.Possibility of hazardous reactions No hazardous reactions when stored and handled according to prescribed instructions.Conditions to avoid Extremes of temperature and direct sunlight.Incompatible materials No incompatible materials known.Hazardous decompositionproductsNo decomposition products expected under normal conditions of use. SECTION 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATIONExposure routes Skin Absorption, Ingestion, Inhalation, Eye contactImmediate EffectsSkin Harmful if absorbed through skin.Ingestion Harmful if swallowed.Inhalation Harmful if inhaled.Information on toxicological effectsAcute oral toxicity LD50 (female Rat) 2,000 mg/kgAcute inhalation toxicity LC50 (Rat) > 1.7 mg/lExposure time: 4 hDetermined in the form of liquid aerosol.Highest attainable concentration.No deathsAcute dermal toxicity LD50 (Rat) > 2,000 mg/kgSkin corrosion/irritation No skin irritation (Rabbit)Serious eye damage/eyeirritationNo eye irritation (Rabbit)LUNA SENSATION®7/11 Version 4.0/USA Revision Date: 06/30/2020 102000012886Print Date: 06/30/2020Respiratory or skin sensitisation Skin: Non-sensitizing. (Mouse)OECD Test Guideline 429, local lymph node assay (LLNA)Assessment STOT Specific target organ toxicity – single exposureFluopyram: Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met.Trifloxystrobin: Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met.Assessment STOT Specific target organ toxicity – repeated exposureFluopyram did not cause specific target organ toxicity in experimental animal studies.Trifloxystrobin did not cause specific target organ toxicity in experimental animal studies.Assessment mutagenicityFluopyram was not mutagenic or genotoxic in a battery of in vitro and in vivo tests.Trifloxystrobin was not mutagenic or genotoxic in a battery of in vitro and in vivo tests.Assessment carcinogenicityFluopyram caused at high dose levels an increased incidence of tumours in rats in the followingorgan(s): Liver.Fluopyram caused at high dose levels an increased incidence of tumours in mice in the followingorgan(s): Thyroid.The tumours seen with Fluopyram were caused through a non-genotoxic mechanism, which is not relevant at low doses. The mechanism that triggers these tumours is not relevant to humans. Trifloxystrobin was not carcinogenic in lifetime feeding studies in rats and mice.ACGIHNone.NTPNone.IARCNone.OSHANone.Assessment toxicity to reproductionFluopyram caused reproduction toxicity in a two-generation study in rats only at dose levels also toxic to the parent animals. The reproduction toxicity seen with Fluopyram is related to parental toxicity. Trifloxystrobin caused reduced body weight development in offspring during lactation only at doses also producing systemic toxicity in adult rats.Assessment developmental toxicityFluopyram caused developmental toxicity only at dose levels toxic to the dams. The developmental effects seen with Fluopyram are related to maternal toxicity.Trifloxystrobin caused developmental toxicity only at dose levels toxic to the dams. The developmental effects seen with Trifloxystrobin are related to maternal toxicity.Aspiration hazardBased on available data, the classification criteria are not met.LUNA SENSATION®8/11 Version 4.0/USA Revision Date: 06/30/2020 102000012886Print Date: 06/30/2020 Further informationOnly acute toxicity studies have been performed on the formulated product.The non-acute information pertains to the active ingredient(s).SECTION 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATIONToxicity to fish LC50 (Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)) 0.091 mg/lExposure time: 96 hToxicity to aquatic invertebratesEC50 (Daphnia magna (Water flea)) 0.086 mg/lExposure time: 48 hLC50 (Mysidopsis bahia (mysid shrimp)) 0.00862 mg/l Exposure time: 96 hThe value mentioned relates to the active ingredient trifloxystrobin.Toxicity to aquatic plants IC50 (Raphidocelis subcapitata (freshwater green alga)) 0.292 mg/lGrowth rate; Exposure time: 72 hEC10 (Desmodesmus subspicatus (green algae)) 0.0025 mg/lGrowth rate; Exposure time: 72 hThe value mentioned relates to the active ingredient trifloxystrobin. Biodegradability Fluopyram:Not rapidly biodegradableTrifloxystrobin:Not rapidly biodegradableKoc Fluopyram: Koc: 279Trifloxystrobin: Koc: 2377Bioaccumulation Fluopyram: Bioconcentration factor (BCF) 18Does not bioaccumulate.Trifloxystrobin: Bioconcentration factor (BCF) 431Does not bioaccumulate.Mobility in soil Fluopyram: Moderately mobile in soilsTrifloxystrobin: Slightly mobile in soilsAdditional ecologicalinformationNo other effects to be mentioned.Environmental precautions Do not apply directly to water, to areas where surface water is presentor to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark.Drift and runoff from treated areas may be hazardous to aquaticorganisms in adjacent sites.Do not apply when weather conditions favor runoff or drift.Do not allow product to enter streams, sewers or other waterways.Do not contaminate surface or ground water by cleaning equipment ordisposal of wastes, including equipment wash water.Apply this product as specified on the label.LUNA SENSATION®9/11 Version 4.0/USA Revision Date: 06/30/2020 102000012886Print Date: 06/30/2020 SECTION 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONSWaste treatment methodsProduct Dispose in accordance with all local, state/provincial and federalregulations.Pesticide, spray mixture or rinse water that cannot be used according tolabel instructions may be disposed of on site or at an approved wastedisposal facility.Follow advice on product label and/or leaflet.Contaminated packaging Do not re-use empty containers.Triple rinse containers.Completely empty container into application equipment, then dispose ofempty container in a sanitary landfill, by incineration or by otherprocedures approved by state/provincial and local authorities.If burned, stay out of smoke.Follow advice on product label and/or leaflet.RCRA Information Characterization and proper disposal of this material as a special orhazardous waste is dependent upon Federal, State and local laws andare the user's responsibility. RCRA classification may apply.SECTION 14: TRANSPORT INFORMATION49CFR Not dangerous goods / not hazardous materialIMDGUN number 3082Class 9Packaging group IIIMarine pollutant YESProper shipping name ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, LIQUID,N.O.S.(TRIFLOXYSTROBIN SOLUTION)IATAUN number 3082Class 9Packaging group IIIEnvironm. Hazardous Mark YESProper shipping name ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, LIQUID,N.O.S.(TRIFLOXYSTROBIN SOLUTION )This transportation information is not intended to convey all specific regulatory information relating to this product. It does not address regulatory variations due to package size or special transportation requirements.LUNA SENSATION®10/11 Version 4.0/USA Revision Date: 06/30/2020 102000012886Print Date: 06/30/2020 Freight Classification: INSECTICIDES OR FUNGICIDES, N.O.I., OTHER THANPOISONSECTION 15: REGULATORY INFORMATIONEPA Registration No.264-1090US Federal RegulationsTSCA listWater 7732-18-51,2-Propanediol 57-55-6Polyethylene-polypropylene copolymer 9003-11-6US. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Section 12(b) Export Notification (40 CFR 707, Subpt D) No export notification needs to be made.SARA Title III - Section 302 - Notification and InformationNot applicable.SARA Title III - Section 313 - Toxic Chemical Release ReportingNone.US States Regulatory ReportingCA Prop65This product does not contain any substances known to the State of California to cause cancer.This product does not contain any substances known to the State of California to causereproductive harm.US State Right-To-Know Ingredients1,2-Propanediol 57-55-6 MN, RINone.EPA/FIFRA Information:This chemical is a pesticide product registered by the Environmental Protection Agency and is subject to certain labeling requirements under federal pesticide law. These requirements differ from the classification criteria and hazard information required for safety data sheets, and for workplace labels of non-pesticide chemicals. Following is the hazard information required on the pesticide label:Signal word:Caution!Hazard statements:Harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin.Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing.Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.SAFETY DATA SHEETLUNA SENSATION®11/11 Version 4.0/USA Revision Date: 06/30/2020 102000012886Print Date: 06/30/2020 SECTION 16: OTHER INFORMATIONAbbreviations and acronyms49CFR Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49ACGIH US. ACGIH Threshold Limit ValuesATE Acute toxicity estimateCAS-Nr. Chemical Abstracts Service numberCERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act EINECS European inventory of existing commercial substancesELINCS European list of notified chemical substancesIARC International Agency for Research on CancerIATA International Air Transport AssociationIMDG International Maritime Dangerous GoodsN.O.S. Not otherwise specifiedNTP US. National Toxicology Program (NTP) Report on CarcinogensOECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentTDG Transportation of Dangerous GoodsTWA Time weighted averageUN United NationsWHO World health organisationNFPA 704 (National Fire Protection Association):Health - 2 Flammability - 1 Instability - 0 Others - noneHMIS (Hazardous Materials Identification System, based on the Third Edition Ratings Guide) Health - 2 Flammability - 1 Physical Hazard - 0 PPE -0 = minimal hazard, 1 = slight hazard, 2 = moderate hazard, 3 = severe hazard, 4 = extreme hazard Reason for Revision: The following sections have been revised: Section 2: Hazards Identification. Section 3: Composition / Information on Ingredients. Section 11: Toxicological Information. Section 12. Ecological information. Reviewed and updated for general editorial purposes.Revision Date: 06/30/2020This information is provided in good faith but without express or implied warranty. The customer assumes all responsibility for safety and use not in accordance with label instructions. The product names are registered trademarks of Bayer.。
Sciamachy mission objectives and measurement modes
V OL .56,N O .215J ANUARY 1999J O U R N A L O F T H E A T M O S P H E R I C S C I E N C E S ᭧1999American Meteorological Society127SCIAMACHY:Mission Objectives and Measurement ModesH.B OVENSMANN ,J.P .B URROWS ,M.B UCHWITZ ,J.F RERICK ,S.N OE¨L ,ANDV .V .R OZANOVInstitute of Environmental Physics,University of Bremen,Bremen,GermanyK.V .C HANCEHarvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,Cambridge,MassachusettsA.P .H.G OEDESRON Ruimetonderzoek,Utrecht,the Netherlands(Manuscript received 5September 1997,in final form 16June 1998)ABSTRACTSCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography)is a spectrometerdesigned to measure sunlight transmitted,reflected,and scattered by the earth’s atmosphere or surface in the ultraviolet,visible,and near-infrared wavelength region (240–2380nm)at moderate spectral resolution (0.2–1.5nm,/⌬ഠ1000–10000).SCIAMACHY will measure the earthshine radiance in limb and nadir viewing geometries and solar or lunar light transmitted through the atmosphere observed in occultation.The extraterrestrial solar irradiance and lunar radiance will be determined from observations of the sun and the moon above the atmosphere.The absorption,reflection,and scattering behavior of the atmosphere and the earth’s surface is determined from comparison of earthshine radiance and solar irradiance.Inversion of the ratio of earthshine radiance and solar irradiance yields information about the amounts and distribution of important atmospheric constituents and the spectral reflectance (or albedo)of the earth’s surface.SCIAMACHY was conceived to improve our knowledge and understanding of a variety of issues of importance for the chemistry and physics of the earth’s atmosphere (troposphere,stratosphere,and mesosphere)and potential changes resulting from either increasing anthropogenic activity or the variability of natural phenomena.Topics of relevance for SCIAMACHY areR tropospheric pollution arising from industrial activity and biomass burning,R troposphere–stratosphere exchange processes,R stratospheric ozone chemistry focusing on the understanding of the ozone depletion in polar regions as well as in midlatitudes,andR solar variability and special events such as volcanic eruptions,and related regional and global phenomena.Inversion of the SCIAMACHY measurements enables the amounts and distribution of the atmospheric con-stituents O 3,O 2,O 2(1⌬),O 4,BrO,OClO,ClO,SO 2,H 2CO,NO,NO 2,NO 3,CO,CO 2,CH 4,H 2O,N 2O,and aerosol,as well as knowledge about the parameters pressure p,temperature T,radiation field,cloud cover,cloud-top height,and surface spectral reflectance to be determined.A special feature of SCIAMACHY is the combined limb–nadir measurement mode.The inversion of the combination of limb and nadir measurements will enable tropospheric column amounts of O 3,NO 2,BrO,CO,CH 4,H 2O,N 2O,SO 2,and H 2CO to be determined.1.IntroductionLarge and significant changes in the composition and behavior of the global atmosphere have emphasized the need for global measurements of atmospheric constit-uents.Examples are (i)the precipitous loss of Antarctic (WMO 1995)and Arctic stratospheric ozone (O 3)(New-Corresponding author address:Dr.Heinrich Bovensmann,Institute of Environmental Physics,University of Bremen (FB1),P .O.Box 330440,D-28334Bremen,Germany.E-mail:bov@gome5.physik.uni-bremen.deman et al.1997;Mu ¨ller et al.1997)resulting from the tropospheric emission of chlorofluorocarbon com-pounds (CFCs,halones,and HFCs)(WMO 95);(ii)the global increase of tropospheric O 3(WMO 1995);(iii)the observed increase of tropospheric ‘‘greenhouse gas-es’’such as CO 2,CH 4,N 2O,and O 3(IPCC 1996);and (iv)the potential coupling between polar stratospheric ozone loss and increased greenhouse gas concentrations (Shindell et al.1998).To assess the significance of such changes a detailed understanding of the physical and chemical processes controlling the global atmosphere is required.Similarly knowledge about the variability and temporal behavior128V OLUME56J O U R N A L O F T H E A T M O S P H E R I C S C I E N C E Sof atmospheric trace gases is necessary to test the pre-dictive ability of the theories currently used to model the atmosphere.Consequently,the accurate assessment of the impact of current and future anthropogenic ac-tivity or natural phenomena on the behavior of the at-mosphere needs detailed knowledge about the temporal and spatial behavior of several atmospheric trace con-stituents(gases,aerosol,clouds)on a global scale,in-cluding the troposphere.Over the past two decades pioneering efforts have been made by the scientific community to establish both ground-based networks and satellite projects that will eventually result in an adequate global observing sys-tem.Examples of satellite borne elements of such pro-grams are the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet(SBUV)and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer(TOMS)on NASA’s Nimbus-7satellite(Heath et al.1975);the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment(SAGE)(McCormick et al.1979);the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS)(Reber et al.1993)with the Microwave Limb Sounder(MLS),the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE),the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrom-eter(CLAES),and the Improved Stratospheric and Me-sospheric Sounder(ISAMS)instruments on board;and the Second European Remote Sensing satellite(ERS-2), which carries the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)(Burrows et al.1999).In the near future,sev-eral new missions will be launched and will contribute significantly to research in thefields of atmospheric chemistry and physics:NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS)satellites EOS-AM and EOS-CHEM,the Japa-nese Advanced Earth Observing System(ADEOS),and the European Space Agency’s(ESA)Environmental Satellite(ENVISAT).The Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography(SCIAMACHY)is part of the atmospheric chemistry payload onboard ENVISAT being prepared by ESA.Following the call for earth observation instrumentation in the Announcement of Opportunity for the Polar Platform issued by ESA,the SCIAMACHY proposal(Burrows et al.1988)was sub-mitted to ESA by an international team of scientists led by Principal Investigator J.P.Burrows.After peer re-view SCIAMACHY was selected as part of the payload for the satellite now known as ENVISAT,which is planned to be launched in2000.The heritage of SCIAMACHY(Burrows et al.1988) lies in both the ground-based measurements using Dif-ferential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(DOAS) (Brewer et al.1973;Platt and Perner1980;Solomon et al.1987)and previous satellite atmospheric remote sensing missions.SCIAMACHY combines and extends the measurement principles and observational modes of the nadir scattered sunlight measuring instruments SBUV and TOMS(Heath et al.1975),the solar occul-tation instrument SAGE(McCormick et al.1979;Maul-din et al.1985),and the limb scattered sunlight mea-suring instrument Solar Mesospheric Explorer(SME)(Barth et al.1983)within one instrument.SCIAMA-CHY measures in the wavelength range from240nm to2380nm the following:R The scattered and reflected spectral radiance in nadir and limb geometry,R the spectral radiance transmitted through the atmo-sphere in solar and lunar occultation geometry,and R the extraterrestrial solar irradiance and the lunar ra-diance.Limb,nadir,and occultation measurements are planned to be made during every orbit.Trace gases,aerosols, clouds,and the surface of the earth modify the light observed by SCIAMACHY via absorption,emission, and scattering processes.Inversion of the radiance and irradiance measurements enables the amounts and dis-tributions of a significant number of constituents to be retrieved from their spectral signatures and is discussed in section4.Figure1shows the wavelength range to be observed by SCIAMACHY and the position of spec-tral windows where atmospheric constituents are to be retrieved.SCIAMACHY and GOME,which is a small-scale version of SCIAMACHY(see Burrows et al.1999and references therein),represent a new generation of space-based remote sounding sensors,which rely on and uti-lize the simultaneous spectrally resolved measurement of light upwelling from the atmosphere to determine amounts of atmospheric constituents.Using data from GOME,which was launched on board the European Remote Sensing satellite ERS-2in April1995,the feasibility of the instrument and retrieval concepts have been successfully demonstrated for nadir observations.The trace gases O3,NO2,BrO,OClO, SO2,and H2CO have been observed as predicted(Bur-rows et al.1999),and studies of ClO,NO,and aerosol retrieval are proceeding.The determination of O3profile information,including tropospheric O3,from GOME measurements(Burrows et al.1999;Munro et al.1998; Rozanov et al.1998)has a large number of potential applications.In addition,the retrieval of tropospheric column information of SO2,H2CO,NO2,and BrO from GOME measurements was demonstrated(Burrows et al. 1999).The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the SCIAMACHY mission and instrument, to summarize the retrieval strategies,to report on planned data products and expected data quality,and to demonstrate the range of applications and the potential that lies in the concept of this new generation of hy-perspectral UV–VIS–NIR sensors.Section2provides details about the targeted constituents.In section3the instrument design and observational modes are pre-sented.The proposed retrieval strategies are summa-rized in section4.Section5focuses on the expected data precision and section6summarizes the current sta-tus of operational data products.15J ANUARY 1999129B O V E N S M A N N E T A L.F IG .1.Wavelength range covered by SCIAMACHY and absorption windows of the targeted constituents.2.Scientific objectives and targeted constituents The main objective of the SCIAMACHY mission is to improve our knowledge of global atmospheric change and related issues of importance to the chemistry and physics of our atmosphere (cf.WMO 1995and IPCC 1996)such asR the impact of tropospheric pollution arising from in-dustrial activity and biomass burning,R exchange processes between the stratosphere and tro-posphere,R stratospheric chemistry in the polar regions (e.g.,un-der ‘‘ozone hole’’conditions)and at midlatitudes,and R modulations of atmospheric composition resulting from natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions,solar output variations (e.g.,solar cycle),or solar pro-ton events.Figure 2lists the constituents targeted by SCIA-MACHY and shows the altitude where measurements are to be made.In Fig.2,the combined use of nadir and limb measurements is assumed to yield tropospheric amounts of the constituents down to the ground or the cloud top,depending on cloud cover.a.Tropospheric chemistrySCIAMACHY will measure the backscattered sun-light that reaches the earth’s surface (Ն280nm).The retrieval of tropospheric constituents is influenced and limited by clouds.SCIAMACHY is the only atmo-spheric chemistry sensor on ENVISAT capable of de-termining trace gases and aerosol abundances in the lower troposphere including the planetary boundary lay-er under cloud-free conditions.From the SCIAMACHY nadir and limb measurements tropospheric columns of O 3,NO 2,BrO,CO,CH 4,H 2O,N 2O,SO 2,and H 2CO (cf.Fig.2)will be retrieved.In addition,surface spectral reflectance,aerosol and cloud parameters (cover and cloud-top height),and the tropospheric flux from 280to 2380nm will be retrieved.These data are required for studies of the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere,photochemical O 3production and destruction,and tro-pospheric pollution (biomass burning,industrial activ-ities,aircraft).b.Stratosphere–troposphere exchangeFor the investigation of stratosphere–troposphere ex-change (Holton et al.1995)SCIAMACHY measure-130V OLUME 56J O U R N A L O F T H E A T M O S P H E R I C S C I E N C ES F IG .2.Altitude ranges of atmospheric constituents targeted by SCIAMACHY.Retrieval from the occultation measurements yields infor-mation over a wider altitude range than the limb measurements,due to its higher S/N ratio.ments of the height-resolved profiles of the tracers O 3,H 2O,N 2O,CH 4,and aerosol will be of primary sig-nificance.These measurements enable investigations of the downward transport of stratospheric O 3and upward transport of important species (e.g.,aerosol,CH 4,H 2O,and N 2O).The CH 4and N 2O molecules are emitted into the planetary boundary layer.Their long tropospheric lifetime results in being transported to the stratosphere,where they are the dominant source of the ozone-de-stroying HO x and NO x radicals.Studies of relatively small-scale features such as tropopause folding at mid-latitudes require a high spatial resolution and are un-likely to be unambiguously observed by SCIAMACHY .However,larger-scale stratosphere–troposphere ex-change as envisaged by Holton et al.(1995)will be readily observed.In the neighborhood of the tropopause the different measurements modes of SCIAMACHY will have dif-ferent vertical and horizontal resolutions.Solar and lu-nar occultation modes yield measurements with a ver-tical resolution of 2.5km and a horizontal resolution of 30km across track,determined by the solar diameter,and extending roughly 400km along track.For the limb measurements the geometrical spatial resolution is ap-proximately 3km vertically and typically 240km hor-izontally across track,determined by scan speed and integration time,and extending roughly 400km along track (see Table 3).More details about the geometricalresolution of the different measurement modes will be given in section 3b.c.Stratospheric chemistry and dynamicsThe study of the stratospheric chemistry and dynam-ics will utilize the simultaneous retrieval of total col-umns from nadir measurements and vertical stratospher-ic profiles from limb and occultation measurements of O 3,NO 2,BrO,H 2O,CO,CH 4,and N 2O (and OClO and possibly ClO under ozone hole conditions),as well as aerosol and stratospheric cloud information.Tem-perature and pressure profiles can be determined from limb and occultation observations of the well-mixed gases CO 2and O 2assuming local thermal equilibrium.SCIAMACHY will be making measurements when halogen loading of the stratosphere maximizes around the turn of the century (WMO 1995).It has recently been pointed out by Hofmann (1996)that the springtime polar lower-stratospheric O 3,specifically the layer from 12to 20km,will be the first region to show a response to the international control measures on chlorofluoro-carbon compounds (CFCs)defined in the Montreal Pro-tocol of 1987and its Copenhagen and London amend-ments.SCIAMACHY will enable this preposition to be studied in detail.In general,SCIAMACHY measurements will yield detailed information about the development of strato-15J ANUARY 1999131B O V E N S M A N N E T A L .spheric O 3above the Arctic and Antarctica,the global stratospheric active halogen species (BrO,ClO,OClO),and the global O 3budget as a function of the height in the atmosphere.As SCIAMACHY measures simulta-neously the backscattered radiation field and constituent profiles,an important objective is to test the accuracy of current stratospheric photochemical models and their predictive capability.d.Mesospheric chemistry and dynamicsIn the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere SCIAMACHY measurements yield profiles of O 3,H 2O,N 2O,NO,O 2,and O 2(1⌬).These measurements will be used to study the distribution of H 2O and O 3and their global circulation.There has recently been much dis-cussion of upper-stratospheric and mesospheric chem-istry in the context of the ‘‘ozone deficit problem’’(Crutzen at al.1995;Summers et al.1997).It has also been suggested that monitoring of H 2O in the lower mesosphere may offer an opportunity for the early de-tection of climate change (Chandra et al.1997).The O 3destruction by mesospheric and upper-stratospheric NO will be investigated.Finally,the mesospheric source of stratospheric NO x will be quantified.In contrast to the retrieval of the majority of trace gases from SCIAMACHY data,NO and O 2(1⌬)profiles are to be determined from their emission features rather than their absorptions.Satellite measurements of NO via the ␥-band emission had been demonstrated by SME to determine profile information from the limb scan (Barth et al.1983,1988)and by SBUV to determine column amounts above 45km from nadir measurements (McPeters 1989).NO can be detected above 40km via the emission from the excited A 2⌺ϩstate into the ground state X 2⌸1/2,3/2(NO ␥-band transitions,200–300nm)as determined in a model sensitivity study by Frederick and Abrams (1982).SCIAMACHY will be able to detect several bands in the 240–300-nm spectral region of the ␥-band emissions of NO in limb as well as in nadir observation mode.O 2(1⌬)can be detected using its emission around 1.27m as shown by results from the SME (Thomas et al.1984).The combination of height-resolved O 3,O 2(1⌬),and UV radiance products from SCIAMACHY provides detailed information about the photolysis of O 3in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere.This will provide an excellent opportunity to test our current photochem-ical knowledge of the mesosphere.e.Climate researchFor use in climate research,SCIAMACHY measure-ments will provide the distributions of several important greenhouse gases (O 3,H 2O,CH 4,N 2O,and CO 2),aero-sol and cloud data,surface spectral reflectance (280–2380nm),the incoming solar spectral irradiance and the outgoing spectral radiance (240–2380nm),and pro-files of p and T (via O 2and CO 2).As it is intended that SCIAMACHY observations are to be made for many years,this long-term dataset will provide much unique information useful for the study of the earth–atmosphere system and variations of the solar output and its impact on climate change.To reach continuity with other spec-trometers measuring solar spectral irradiance such as SBUV or GOME,it is foreseen that SCIAMACHY will be calibrated with standard methods also applied to the GOME or SBUV calibration (Weber et al.1998).3.The instrumentDetails of the instrument concept and design have been given by Burrows and Chance (1991),Goede et al.(1994),Burrows et al.(1995),and Mager et al.(1997).The design is summarized in the following sub-sections.Since the development of the design of SCIA-MACHY two significant changes have occurred.1)The original concept (Burrows and Chance 1991;Burrows et al.1995)used an active Stirling cooler to maintain the infrared detectors of SCIAMACHY at their operational temperature of 150K.During the development phase it was found that a passive cooler could be used for this purpose.This has the advantage of reducing the electrical power con-sumption and potentially extending the lifetime of the mission.2)As an outcome of phase B studies an additional sev-enth polarization measurement device (PMD),mea-suring the 45Њcomponent of the incoming radiance,was added to the spectrometer,to improve the ra-diometric accuracy for the limb mode.a.Design and performanceThe SCIAMACHY instrument is a passive remote sensing moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer.It comprises a mirror system,a telescope,a spectrometer,and thermal and electronic subsystems.A schematic view of the light path within the instrument is depicted in Fig.3.The incoming radiation enters the instrument via one of three ports.1)For nadir measurements the radiation from the earth’s scene is directed by the nadir mirror into a telescope (off-axis parabolic mirror),which focuses the beam onto the entrance slit of the spectrometer.2)For limb and solar/lunar occultation measurements the radiation is reflected by the limb (elevation)mir-ror to the nadir (azimuth)mirror and then into the telescope,which focuses the beam onto the entrance slit of the spectrometer.3)For internal and subsolar calibration measurements the radiation of internal calibration light sources or the solar radiation is directed by the nadir mirror into the telescope.Except for the scan mirrors,all spectrometer parts are132V OLUME 56J O U R N A L O F T H E A T M O S P H E R I C S C I E N C ES F IG .3.Schematic view of the SCIAMACHY optical layout.All imaging optical components (mirrors,redirecting prisms,lenses,etc.)areomitted.All used gratings are in a fixed position.Each detector contains a 1024-pixel photo diode array.fixed and the spectra are recorded simultaneously from 240to 1750nm and in two smaller windows,1940–2040nm and 2265–2380nm,in the near-infrared.The solar radiance varies by a factor of about 100between 240and 400nm.In comparison,the earthshine radiance varies approximately four orders of magnitude over the same spectral range.Spectrometers that measure these quantities therefore need to suppress well any stray light within the instrument.The SCIAMACHY spectrometer achieves this by the combination of a predispersing prism and gratings.This is equivalent in principle to a double spectrometer design.Initially light from the spectrometer slit is collimated and directed onto the pre-dispersing prism.The main beam of light leaving the predispersing prism forms a spectrum in the middle of the instrument.Reflective optics are used to separate the spectrum into four parts.The shorter wavelengths of the spectrum are directed to channel 1(240–314nm)and channel 2(314–405nm)respectively.The majority of the light in the spectrum (405–1750nm)passes without reflection to channels 3–6.The infrared part of the spec-trum (1940–2380nm)is reflected toward channels 7and 8.Dichroic mirrors are used to select the wavelength ranges for channels 3,4,5,and 6,and to separate light for channel 7from that for channel 8.Each individual channel comprises a grating,transmission optics,and a diode array detector.The grating further disperses the light,which is then focused onto eight linear 1024pixel detector arrays.To minimize detector noise and dark current,the diode arrays are cooled:the detector for channels 1and 2to 200K,those for channels 3–5to 235,that for channel 6to 200K,and those for channels 7and 8to 150K.The entire instrument is cooled to 253K in order to minimize the infrared emission from the instrument that might influence the detectors of channels 6–8.In channels 1–5the detectors are silicon monolithic diode arrays (EG&G Reticon RL 1024SR).For the NIR channels 6to 8InGaAs detectors were developed by Epitaxx,Inc.(Joshi et al.1992),and space qualified specifically for SCIAMACHY (see, e.g.,Goede et al.1993;van der A et al.1997).The spectral and radiometric characteristics of the SCIAMACHY spectrometer are summarized in Table 1.The spectral resolution of the spectrometer varies be-tween 0.24and 1.48nm depending on channel number (see Table 1).For DOAS retrieval (see section 4)a high spectral stability is required.The instrument is designed to have a spectral stability of 1/50of a detector pixel,which requires a temperature stability of the spectrom-eter of better than 250mK over one orbit in combination with dedicated calibration measurements.The second relevant retrieval strategy (see section 4),the Full Re-trieval Method (FURM)based on optimal estimation (Rodgers 1976),requires in addition to high spectral stability a high radiometric accuracy of the SCIAMA-CHY measurements.Knowledge of the state of polar-ization of the incoming light and the polarization re-sponse of the instrument determines the radiometric ac-curacy of the radiance,irradiance,and higher-level data products.To achieve the required radiometric accuracy15J ANUARY1999133B O V E N S M A N N E T A L.T ABLE1.Optical parameters of the spectrometer from the designanalysis.ChannelSpectralrange(nm)Resol-ution(nm)Stability(nm)High-resolution channels 1234240–314309–405394–620604–8050.240.260.440.480.0030.0030.0040.005 5678785–10501000–17501940–20402265–23800.541.480.220.260.0050.0150.0030.003Polarization measurement devices PMD1PMD2PMD3PMD4310–377450–525617–705805–900broadbandbroadbandbroadbandbroadband PMD5PMD6PMD71508–16452265–2380802–905broadbandbroadbandbroadbandRadiometric accuracy2–4%Ͻ1%absoluterelativeof2%–4%(depending on the spectral region),dedicated on-ground and in-flight radiometric calibration mea-surements have to be performed in combination with measurements of the polarization properties of the at-mosphere.For the latter purpose SCIAMACHY is equipped with seven polarization measurement devices. Six of these devices(PMD1–6)measure light polarized perpendicular to the SCIAMACHY optical plane,gen-erated by a Brewster angle reflection at the second face of the predispersing prism.This polarized beam is split into six different spectral bands,as described in Table 1.The spectral bands are quite broad and overlap with spectral regions of channels2,3,4,5,6,and8.The PMDs and the light path to the array detectors(including the detectors)have different polarization responses. Consequently,the appropriate combination of PMD data,array detector data,and on-ground polarization calibration data enables the polarization of the incoming light for the nadir measurements(Kruizinga et al.1994; Frerick et al.1997)to be determined.For atmospheric limb measurements,where both limb and nadir mirrors are used,the light is off the optical plane of the spec-trometer.This requires the measurement of additional polarization information of the incoming light.A sev-enth PMD(PMD7)will therefore measure the45Њcom-ponent of the light extracted from the channels3–6light path,as depicted in Fig.3.All PMDs are read out every 1/40s and they observe the same atmospheric volume as channels1–8.In addition to these PMD data being used for the determination of the polarization charac-teristics of the incoming light,they are also planned to be used to determine the fractional cloud cover of the observed ground scene.Additional information about the polarization of the incoming light can be obtained from the diode array overlap regions1/2(309–314nm),2/3(394–405nm), 3/4(604–620nm),4/5(785–805nm),and5/6(1000–1050nm).The polarization efficiency is different for the measurements of the same wavelength in the dif-ferent channels.Inversion of these measurements yields the ratio of plane to parallel polarization components of the incoming light in a manner similar to that used for the array and PMD detectors.The advantage of the over-lap regions is that they are in small wavelength bands, having the same spectral resolution as the corresponding channel.SCIAMACHY aims to retrieve trace gas amounts of relatively weak absorbers.For example,the dif-ferential optical density due to the BrO absorption around350nm detected with GOME(Burrows et al. 1999)is in the order of10Ϫ3and below.Therefore, to achieve a high retrieval precision,a high signal-to-noise ratio(S/N)is required for the scattered ra-diance as well as for the solar irradiance and lunar radiance from the UV to the NIR.The predicted in-strumental S/N values as a function of wavelength are depicted in Fig.4.These S/N values are calculated for an individual detector pixel,for example,of nadir, limb,and occultation measurements.In most cases the predicted S/N is well above103.Exceptions are found in channels1,7,and8.In channel1S/N de-creases toward the UV primarily because the sun is weaker and ozone absorption increases strongly from 320to250nm.In the IR channels7and8the lower S/N values arise from the higher noise of the InGaAs detectors.For these channels the S/N is limited by the detector noise.The apparent missing S/N in Fig. 4c for channel1is the result of the almost complete absorption of the solar photons by the ozone layer when observing the tangent height of15km.In gen-eral,higher S/N values can be obtained by averaging measurements either temporally or spectrally at the cost of losing temporal(and consequently spatial)or spectral resolution.This strategy enables the optimal set of radiance and irradiance data to be generated for a given inversion.Summation of succeeding mea-surements on board(so-called onboard co-adding)is to be used to match optimally the amount of down-linked data to the ENVISAT data rate allowed for SCIAMACHY.In order to cope with the large dy-namic range of the input signals(limb scattered ra-diance vs solar irradiance),which is of six to eight orders of magnitude,the exposure time of each chan-nel can be selected independently over a wide range of values from0.03125to80s.In addition,an ar-rangement involving an aperture stop and a neutral densityfilter is used to limit the intensity of the in-coming light during solar occultation measurements. To optimize S/N over the orbit,exposure times are varied as a function of the solar zenith angle.To calibrate the instrument inflight and to monitor the instrument performance,SCIAMACHY is equipped with a Pt/Cr/Ne hollow cathode(spectral calibration),a。
STERIS Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP) 生物消毒系统及服务
STERIS provides a wide range of vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP®) bio-decontamination systems and services, utilizing Vaprox® Sterilant for broad-spectrum efficacy against viruses, bacteria, yeasts, and bacterial spores. Vaporized hydrogenperoxide bio-decontamination is crucial, not only for pharmaceutical and biotechnology production, but also for agricultural industries and healthcare facilities. The STERIS bio-decontamination systems use a “dry process” hydrogenperoxide vapor distribution, which eliminates the risk of condensation on surfaces.The advantages ofdecontamination with vaporized H 2O 2 include:• Easy to use• Effective against biological contaminants• Ideal for low-temperature processes• Processes can be validated • Compatible with a wide variety of materials• Environmentally friendly and safe for operators• Leaves no toxic residue, only water vapor and oxygenA trusted partnerFor several years, STERIS has used a trusted sensing technology from Vaisala. In 2018, STERIS became interested in a new solutionfrom Vaisala: the HPP270-series hydrogen peroxide vapor probe. The probes feature PEROXCAP® sensing technology. The sensors provide accurate measurements for hydrogen peroxideconcentration or ppm (parts per million) and several other parameters, most importantly: relative humidity, temperature, and a new parameter: relativesaturation — which indicates when condensation will occur.Validating bio-decontaminationIn DSVA (surface disinfection by airways) the aim is to prove that bacteria and microorganisms have been eradicated and the results must demonstrate maximumeffectiveness throughout the bio-decontaminated area. To validate a cleanroom bio-decontamination, it is essential that STERIS use a highly accurate sensor that can provide stable, repeatable data on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide vapor ppm. Vaisala’s unique technology met STERIS’s requirements for measurement reliability and repeatability. Thanks to Vaisala, STERIS has been ableSTERIS provides efficient, effective bio-decontamination with accurate vaporized H 2O 2 sensorsSTERIS is a world leader in bio-decontamination and equipmentsterilization for pharmaceutical production. The company has advanced the science of sterilization, cleaning and infection control with solutions that meet the high standards and requirements of its customers. In particular, cleanroom applications used for pharmaceuticals andbiotechnology require a high degree of environmental control. In thesehighly regulated environments, bio-decontamination is crucial and must be controlled, validated, and documented. Case Studyto prove maximum effectiveness of bio-decontamination in clean rooms.“Today, Vaisala is the best technology on the market tomeasure the concentration of H 2O 2 reliably, accurately, and repeatably over time,” says Philippe Muylaert, Room Decontamination Service Specialist with STERIS SAS. “The Vaisala model HPP272 is the most effective sensor for bio-decontamination with hydrogen peroxide. Thus, we haveconfidence in the data, and we can prove to our customers the effectiveness of bio-decontamination cycles.”Muylaert appreciates that the HPP270 probes provide H 2O 2 concentration measurement curves throughout the bio-decontamination process in addition to real-time monitoring data.In-line data throughout a process is valuable for cycle development, especially to help determine pressure binary mixture, water concentration, temperature, etc.In-line measurement of vaporized H 2O 2To remain in a gaseous state,hydrogen peroxide vapor requires controlled parameters, including temperature, relative humidity, pressure and volume. Anydeparture from ideal conditions can cause hydrogen peroxide vapor to condense, essentially returning the H 2O 2 to its natural state: liquid. For STERIS’s dry method, it is necessary to avoid condensation that can lead to equipment deterioration.In the absence of hydrogen peroxide vapor, the relativehumidity of the air is equal to the relative saturation (1). When vaporized H 2O 2 is introduced, the relative saturation is greater than the relative humidity (2).During H 2O 2 vapor bio-decontamination processes, there is always water vapor in addition to hydrogen peroxide vapor. To control condensation, you need to know both the humidity of the air caused by water vapor and by hydrogen peroxide vapor.Relative saturation, which indicates the concentration of vaporizedhydrogen peroxide and water vapor in the air, is the only value thatrepresents both vapors. Monitoring the relative saturation value during a process is therefore crucial, because it indicates saturation point of the combined vapors: water and hydrogen peroxide.Reliable measurements mean reliable processesSTERIS systems required a probe capable of providing accurate measurements for hydrogen peroxide ppm, temperature, relative humidity and relative saturation. Using the unique Vaisala PEROXCAP ® hydrogen peroxide sensor technology, the HPP272 probe can also measure two other parameters: dewpoint and vapor pressure, which can also be useful parameters in bio-decontamination. The probe guarantees reliable and precise hydrogen peroxide measurements throughout thebio-decontamination cycle, even in high humidity.The reliable and reproducible measurements of Vaisala’s vaporized hydrogen peroxide probes allow STERIS to achieve a high degree of confidence in their bio-decontamination procedures, success during annual audits, and a high level of product quality.Please contact us at/contactusScan the code formore informationRef. B212075EN-A ©Vaisala 2020This material is subject to copyright protection, with all copyrights retained by Vaisala and its individual partners. All rights reserved. Any logos and/or product names are trademarks of Vaisala or its individual partners. The reproduction, transfer, distribution or storage of information contained in this brochure in any form without the prior written consent of Vaisala is strictly prohibited. All specifications — technical included — are subject to change without notice.。
甲磺酸瑞波西汀对照标化记录
名称
配制批号
氨试液
酚酞指示液
醋酸盐缓冲液（pH3.5）
标准铅贮备液
硫代乙酰胺试液
标准铅溶液取用量
ml
试验结果
乙管中显出的颜色甲管颜色
结论
符合规定（）不符合规定（）
检验人：检验日期：
对照品标化记录（5/5）
品名
甲磺酸瑞波西汀
批号
4.色谱纯度（附液相图谱）
仪器型号及编号
高效液相色谱仪，型号：编号：
对照品标化记录（1/5）
产品名称
甲磺酸瑞波西汀
批号
规格
收样日期
数量
检验日期
检品来源
有效期至
检验依据
国家食品药品监督管理局标准（试行）YBH02392008
甲磺酸瑞波西汀对照品质量标准
一、性状：
1.本品为＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。【应为白色或类白色结晶性粉末】
检验人：检验日期：
2.熔点
（应＞1.5）
面积%=（应≥99.5%）
结论
符合规定（）不符合规定（）
检验人：检验日期：
复核人
复核日期
品名
甲磺酸瑞波西汀
批号
3.红外鉴别：取本品及甲磺酸瑞波西汀对照品适量，分别按SOP-QTY 004《红外分光光度法》测定。【红外光谱（KBr压片法）应与对照品谱图一致】（附红外图谱）
甲磺酸瑞波西汀对照品来源：批号：含量：
仪器型号及编号
傅立叶变换红外光谱仪，型号：编号：
电热鼓风干燥箱，型号：编号：
试验温度、湿度
品名
甲磺酸瑞波西汀
批号
二、鉴别：
1.理化鉴别
仪器型号及编号
BECODISC P 系列高纯度细胞化胶原浓缩过滤芯说明书
Technical Data Sheet Depth FiltrationBECODISC® P RangePremium Depth Filter Medium with High-Purity CelluloseBECODISC P stacked disc cartridges arecharacterized by unparalleled purity. The ion andendotoxin content is significantly lower than forconventional depth filter media.In Eaton’s innovative BECODISC P stacked disccartridge’s range, high-purity celluloses form aunique structure, which even for microbe removaldoes not require mineral components.The specific advantages of BECODISC P stacked disccartridges:-Minimum endotoxin contents. This ensures productsafety-Increased endotoxin retention-Without the addition of mineral components,therefore minimum ion content particularly ofcalcium, magnesium and aluminum ions-Very high chemical resistance and mechanicalstability-Rinsing volume reduced by up to 50%, resulting inreduced process costs- A Validation Guide is available upon requestIngredientsBECODISC P stacked disc cartridges are made only ofhigh-purity cellulose and wet strength agents.Areas of ApplicationBECODISC P stacked disc cartridges can be used for filtration of all liquid media. Application options range from coarse filtration to microbe removal.BECODISC P Stacked Disc Cartridges BECODISC P stacked disc cartridges are cationic. They are characterized by adsorption charge-related during filtration. Additionally, the depth filter medium has a very low content of soluble ions, especially of calcium, magnesium and aluminum. The chemical resistance and bursting strength is extremely high. BECODISC P stacked disc cartridges are suitable for applications involving mechanical separation of particles and adsorptive retention of negatively charged particles. Due to the minimum endotoxin contents and the increased endotoxin reduction the depth filter medium is ideal for pharmaceutical processes. Guide to Choosing the Right BECODISC P Stacked Disc CartridgeB171Microbial removal and increased endotoxin retention B271Microbial and endotoxin reductionB351Fine filtration, activated carbon removalB551Clarifying filtration, particle separationB581Coarse filtration, particle separationPhysical DataThis information is intended as a guideline for the selection of BECODISC stacked disc cartridges.The water throughput is a laboratory value characterizing the different BECOPAD ® P depth filter medium types. It is not the recommended flow rate. 2 2B171 BECOPADP 1700.2 – 0.4 0.15 (3.9) < 1 > 21.8 (150) 1.9 (77) < 0.025 B271 BECOPAD P 2700.5 – 0.7 0.15 (3.9) < 1 > 21.8 (150) 3.3 (135) < 0.025 B351 BECOPAD P 3500.7 – 1.0 0.15 (3.9) < 1 > 21.8 (150) 3.9 (160) < 0.025 B551 BECOPAD P 5502.0 –3.00.15 (3.9)< 1 > 21.8 (150) 14.0 (570) < 0.025 B581 BECOPAD P 5808.0 – 10.0 0.15 (3.9)< 1> 21.8 (150)87.6(3571)< 0.025*B = Polypropylene version (e.g. B171)** 100 kPa = 1 bar*** Endotoxin content analysis after rinsing with 0.61 gal/ft² (25 l/m²) of WFI (Water for Injection)Ordering Information1 Flat adapter/Double O-ring adapter |2 With cell spacer rail |3 Cannot be combined with double O-ring adapterExample: B17162SFPolypropylene stacked disc cartridge with BECOPAD P170 depth filter sheets, nominal retention range from 0.2 to 0.4 µm, 16 filter cells, 10.9 in (276 mm) high , 12", with silicone gaskets and flat adapter.BECODISC 12", Ø 11.6 in (295 mm) BECODISC 16", Ø 15.8 in (402 mm)Number of cells 16 14 91 9 5 16 14 91 9 5 Filter surface area [ft² (m²)]20.5 (1.9) 17.8 (1.65) 11.8 (1.1) 11.8 (1.1) 6.4 (0.59) 39.8 (3.7) 34.4 (3.2) 22.6 (2.1) 22.6 (2.1) 12.4 (1.15) Pre-coat volume [gal (l)]²- 0.9 (3.6) 2.1 (8.0)- -- 1.8 (7.0) 4.1 (15.4)- -Overall height flat adapter [in (mm)]10.9 (276) 10.9 (276) 10.9 (276) 7.7 (195) 4.4 (101) 10.9 (276) 10.9 (276) 10.9 (276) 7.7 (195) 4.4 (101) Overall height double O-ring adapter [in (mm)] 13.0 (329) 13.0 (329) 13.0 (329) 10.0 (248) -13.0 (329) 13.0 (329) 13.0 (329) 10.0 (248) -Cell spacer rail- - ✓ - -- - ✓ - -1 Special stacked disc cartridge configuration with cell spacer rails providing increased mechanical stability forholding filter cake | 2 Calculated values (BECO depth filter sheets with 0.16 in/4.0 mm thickness)171BECOPAD depth filter sheet 171 = P 170 271 = P 270 351 = P 350 551 = P 550 581 = P 580BDesignB = Polypropylene6Construction (overall height)16 = 16 filter cells(10.9/13.0 in) (276/329 mm) 4 = 14 filter cells(10.9/13.0 in) (276/329 mm) 7 = 9 filter cells 2(10.9/13.0 in) (276/329 mm) 9 = 9 filter cells(7.7/10.0 in) (195/248 mm) 5 = 5 filter cells 3(4.4 in) (101 mm)2Size2 = 12", ∅ 11.6 in(295 mm) 4 = 16", ∅ 15.8 in(402 mm)SGasket material E = EPDM F = FEP-coatedsilicone core S = Silicone V = FluoroelastomerFAdapterF = Flat adapter S = Double O-ringadapter Y = Flat adapter withgrounding deviseCompliance NoticeBECO depth filter sheets fulfill the requirements of Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 as well as the FDA Guideline 21 CFR §177.2260 test criteria. The polypropylene components comply with Regulation (EU) 10/2011. The polypropylene meets FDA requirements, 21 CFR § 177.1520. The sealing materials (silicone, EPDM) meet FDA requirements, 21 CFR § 177.2600. The depth filter sheet and the polypropylene components of the BECODISC P stacked disc cartridges meet the requirements of the USP Plastic Class VI – 70 °C test. For further details on individual components and materials see the declaration of conformity.Ion Concentration after Extraction with 40% EthanolCa < 50Mg < 25Fe < 5Al < 5* After rinsing with 0.61 gal/ft² (25 l/m²) of 40% EthanolRecommendations for Avoiding Damage BECODISC stacked disc cartridges can be used only in the specified flow direction. This applies to product filtering as well as sanitizing with hot water, and sterilizing with the stacked disc cartridges with saturated steam. In order to avoid damage to the filter cells, the system should be protected with a suitable non-return valve.Refer to the insert included with each BECODISC stacked disc cartridge carton for detailed application information.Depending on the filtered liquids, the operating temperature should not exceed 176 °F (80 °C). Please contact Eaton regarding filtration applications at higher temperatures.Intermediate PlatesIf more than two BECODISC stacked disc cartridges (12" or 16") with double O-ring adapters are stacked in the housing, install a central spindle for safety reasons. In the event, more than one 16" BECODISC stacked disc cartridge (flat adapter/double O-ring adapter) is used in the housing, Eaton recommends the installation of stainless steel intermediate plates between the BECODISC stacked disc cartridges. When silicone/FEP coated gaskets are used the stainless steel plates are mandatory. Sanitizing and Sterilizing (Optional)Sterilizing with Hot WaterThe hot water temperature should be 185°F (85 °C). A differential pressure of 21.8psi (150 kPa, 1.5 bar) must not be exceeded when sterilizing with hot water. Sterilization time: At least 30 minutes once a temperature of 185°F (85 °C) is reached at all filter openings. In the interest of energy conservation, the water may be circulated provided the specified temperatures are maintained.Sterilizing with SteamThe wetted BECODISC stacked disc cartridges can be sterilized with saturated steam up to a maximum temperature of 250 °F (121 °C) as follows:Steam quality: The steam must be free of foreignparticles and impurities. Temperature: Max. 250 °F (121 °C)(saturated steam)Duration: Approx. 20 minutes after steam exitsfrom all filter valvesRinsing: After sterilizing with 0.61 gal/ft²(25 l/m²) at 1.25 times the flow rateFilter Preparation and FiltrationUnless already completed after sterilization, rinse the stacked disc cartridges with 0.61 gal/ft² (25 l/m²) of water at 1.25 times the flow rate prior to the first filtration. Check the entire filter for leakage at maximum operating pressure.High-proof alcoholic solutions and products that cannot be rinsed with water should be circulated with the product. Discard the rinsing solution after rinsing. Differential PressureTerminate the filtration process once the maximum permitted differential p ressure of 43.5psi (300 kPa,3 bar) is reached. A higher differential pressure could damage the depth filter sheet material. For safety reasons, a differential pressure of 21.8psi (150 kPa, 1.5 bar) should not be exceeded in applications for separating microorganisms.SafetyWhen used and handled correctly, there are no known unfavorable effects associated with this product. Further safety information can be found in the relevant Material Safety Data Sheet, which can be downloaded from our website.DisposalDue to their composition, BECODISC stacked disc cartridges can be disposed of as harmless waste. Comply with relevant current regulations, depending on the filtered product.StorageBECODISC stacked disc cartridges must be stored in a dry, odor-free, and well ventilated place.Do not expose the BECODISC stacked disc cartridges to direct sunlight.BECODISC stacked disc cartridges are intended for immediate use and should be used within 36 months after production date.Quality Assurance According to DIN EN ISO 9001 The Quality Management System of Eaton Technologies GmbH has been certified according to DIN EN ISO 9001.This certification verifies that a fully functioning comprehensive Quality Assurance System covering product development, contract controls, choice of suppliers, receiving inspections, production, final inspection, inventory management, and shipment has been implemented.Extensive quality assurance measures incorporate adherence to technical function criteria and chemical purity and quality recognized as safe under the German legislation governing the production of foods and beverages.All information is given to the best of our knowledge. However, the validity of the information cannot be guaranteed for every application, working practice and operating condition. Misuse of the product will result in all warrantees being voided.Subject to change in the interest of technical progress.North America44 Apple StreetTinton Falls, NJ 07724Toll Free: 800 656-3344 (North America only)Tel: +1 732 212-4700Europe/Africa/Middle EastAuf der Heide 253947 Nettersheim, Germany Tel: +49 2486 809-0 Friedensstraße 4168804 Altlußheim, Germany Tel: +49 6205 2094-0An den Nahewiesen 2455450 Langenlonsheim, Germany Tel: +49 6704 204-0 ChinaNo. 3, Lane 280,Linhong RoadChangning District, 200335Shanghai, P.R. ChinaTel: +86 21 5200-0099Singapore100G Pasir Panjang Road #07-08Singapore 118523Tel: +65 6825-1668BrazilRua Clark, 2061 - Macuco13279-400 - Valinhos, BrazilTel: +55 11 3616-8400For more information, pleaseemail us at ********************or visit /filtration© 2018 Eaton. All rights reserved. All trademarks andregistered trademarks are the property of their respectiveowners. All information and recommendations appearing inthis brochure concerning the use of products describedherein are based on tests believed to be reliable. However,it is the user’s responsibility to determine the suitability forhis own use of such products. Since the actual use byothers is beyond our control, no guarantee, expressed orimplied, is made by Eaton as to the effects of such use orthe results to be obtained. Eaton assumes no liabilityarising out of the use by others of such products. Nor is theinformation herein to be construed as absolutely complete,since additional information may be necessary or desirablewhen particular or exceptional conditions or circumstancesexist or because of applicable laws or governmentregulations.EN1 A 2.8.210-2018。
hydrochloride
hydrochloride Hydrochloride: An Essential Chemical CompoundIntroductionHydrochloride is a vital chemical compound that is widely used across various industries, including pharmaceuticals, water treatment, and chemical synthesis. In this document, we will explore the properties, uses, and production of hydrochloride, as well as its impact on human health and the environment.Properties of HydrochlorideHydrochloride, commonly known as HCl, is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor. It is highly soluble in water, forming hydrochloric acid, which is a strong acid with a pH less than 1. In its solid form, hydrochloride appears as a white crystalline powder.Uses of Hydrochloride1. Pharmaceuticals: Hydrochloride is extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry for the formulation of various medications. It is commonly employed as a salt form to enhance drug stability and solubility. Many drugs, such as antihistamines, decongestants, and analgesics, are synthesized as hydrochloride salts to improve their bioavailability and increase their efficacy.2. Water Treatment: Hydrochloride is an important chemical for water treatment processes. It is commonly used to adjust the pH levels of water, neutralize alkaline substances, and control the growth of bacteria and algae. Additionally, it is used in the disinfection of drinking water and swimming pools.3. Chemical Synthesis: Hydrochloride is a key reagent in various chemical synthesis reactions. It is used for the synthesis of dyes, pigments, detergents, and organic compounds, among other products. Hydrochloride is a versatile compound that can be employed in both small-scale laboratory reactions and large-scale industrial processes.Production of HydrochlorideHydrochloride can be produced through several methods, including the reaction of hydrochloric acid with various substances.1. Direct Synthesis: The most common method of producing hydrochloride involves the direct reaction of hydrogen gas (H2) with chlorine gas (Cl2). The reaction takes place in the presence of ultraviolet light, and the resulting gas mixture is then dissolved in water to obtain hydrochloric acid. This concentrated hydrochloric acid can be further concentrated or used directly in various applications.2. Indirect Synthesis: Another method of producing hydrochloride is the reaction of hydrochloric acid with a suitable metal carbonate or metal hydroxide. For example, the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) results in the release of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and the formation of calcium chloride (CaCl2). This calcium chloride can then be further processed to obtain hydrochloride.Health and Environmental ImpactHydrochloride is a corrosive substance that can cause severe burns or irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.Consequently, it is important to handle hydrochloride with caution and use appropriate safety measures.Hydrochloride is highly water-soluble, and its release into the environment can have detrimental effects on aquatic life and ecosystems. Discharges of hydrochloride-containing wastewater should be treated properly before being released into water bodies to minimize its impact.ConclusionHydrochloride is a widely used chemical compound with numerous applications across various industries. Its significance in pharmaceuticals, water treatment, and chemical synthesis cannot be understated. However, proper handling and disposal methods should be followed to ensure the safety of workers and prevent harm to the environment. Overall, hydrochloride plays a crucial role in our daily lives and will continue to be an essential chemical compound for the foreseeable future.。
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Inhibitors, Agonists, Screening Libraries
Data Sheet
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY:
Sarpogrelate(MCI–9042) hydrochloride, a selective 5–HT2 antagonist, has been widely used as an anti–platelet agent for the treatment of PAD.
Target: 5–HT2 Recepter
Sarpogrelate is a drug which acts as an antagonist at the 5HT2A and 5–HT2B receptors. Sarpogrelate was shown to have the same affinity as ritanserin for 5–HT2A receptors, with a Ki value of 8.39 nM [1]. Sarpogrelate lacked prominent 5–HT1–like, 5–HT3, beta, H1,H2 and M3 antagonist activity and weakly blocked alpha 1–adrenoceptors (pKB = 6.30). (S)–M–1 showed weak affinity for 5–HT1–like receptors (pKB = 6.30), alpha 1– (pKB = 6.80) and beta– (pKB = 6.54) adrenoceptors, while (R)–M–1 was a weak antagonist at histamine H1 receptors (pKB = 6.49) [2]. After 12 weeks of sarpogrelate administration, FBF and LBF responses during RH showed significant increases from 13.2 +/– 1.7 to 18.1 +/– 2.2 mL/min per 100 mL tissue (P < 0.01) and from 8.2 +/– 0.9 to 14.2 +/– 2.1mL/min per 100 mL tissue (P < 0.05), respectively. Sarpogrelate–induced augmentation of FBF and LBF responses to RH was maintained at 24 weeks. Long–term oral administration of sarpogrelate improves vascular function in patients with PAD [3].References:
[1]. Nishio, H., A. Inoue, and Y. Nakata, Binding affinity of sarpogrelate, a new antiplatelet agent, and its metabolite for serotonin receptor subtypes. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 1996. 331(2): p. 189–202.
[2]. Pertz, H. and S. Elz, In–vitro pharmacology of sarpogrelate and the enantiomers of its major metabolite: 5–HT2A receptor specificity, stereoselectivity and modulation of ritanserin–induced depression of 5–HT contractions in rat tail artery. J Pharm Pharmacol, 1995. 47(4): p. 310–6.
[3]. Miyazaki, M., et al., Sarpogrelate hydrochloride, a selective 5–HT2A antagonist, improves vascular function in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2007. 49(4): p. 221–7.
Product Name:
Sarpogrelate (hydrochloride)Cat. No.:
HY-10564CAS No.:
135159-51-2Molecular Formula:
C 24H 32ClNO 6Molecular Weight:
465.97Target:
5–HT Receptor; 5–HT Receptor Pathway:
Neuronal Signaling; GPCR/G Protein Solubility:
DMSO: ≥ 62 mg/mL
Caution: Product has not been fully validated for medical applications. For research use only.
Tel: 609-228-6898 Fax: 609-228-5909 E-mail: tech@ Address: 1 Deer Park Dr, Suite Q, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA。