Non-verbal communication

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非语言沟通名词解释

非语言沟通名词解释

非语言沟通名词解释:非语言沟通(nonverbal communication)指的是使用除语言符号以外的各种符号系统,包括形体语言、空间利用以及沟通环境等进行沟通。

在沟通中信息的内容部分往往通过语言来表达,而非语言则作为提供解释内容的框架,来表达信息的相关部分。

因此非语言沟通常被错误地认为是辅助性或支持性角色。

基本信息:“非语言交流是不用言辞表达的、为社会所共知的人的属性或行动,这些属性和行动由发出者有目的地发出,由接收者有意识地接受并可能进行反馈。

”(伯贡与赛因,1978)“非语言交际指在一定环境中语言因素以外的,对输出者或接收者含有信息价值的那些因素。

这些因素既可以人为生成,也可以由环境造成”(萨摩瓦,1981)。

功能非言语沟通的功能作用就是传递信息、沟通思想、交流感情。

归纳起来是:1、使用非言语沟通符号来重复言语所表达的意思或来加深印象的作用;具体如人们使用自己的言语沟通时,附带有相应的表情和其他非言语符号。

2、替代语言,有时候某一方即使没有说话,也可以从其非言语符号上比如面部表情上看出他的意思,这时候,非言语符号起到代替言语符号表达意思的作用。

3、非言语符号作为言语沟通的辅助工具,又作为“伴随语言”,使语言表达得更准确、有力、生动、具体。

4、调整和控制语言,借助非言语符号来表示交流沟通中不同阶段的意向,传递自己的意向变化的信息。

5、表达超语言意义,在许多场合非语言要比语言更具有雄辩力。

高兴的时候开怀大笑,悲伤的时候失声痛哭,当认同对方时深深的点头,都要比语言沟通更能表达当事人的心情。

和语言沟通的区别非语言沟通和语言沟通相互加强,但它们之间存在着明显的区别。

语言沟通在词语发出时开始,它利用声音一个渠道传递信息,它能对词语进行控制,是结构化的,并且是被正式教授的。

非语言沟通是连续的,通过声音、视觉、嗅觉、触觉等多种渠道传递信息,绝大数是习惯性的和无意识的,在很大程度上是无结构的,并且是通过模仿学到的。

跨文化交际实训Chapter 3 Nonverbal Communication-文档资料

跨文化交际实训Chapter 3 Nonverbal Communication-文档资料

IV. Body Touch 身体接触


Contact cultures displays considerable interpersonal closeness or immediacy, and people in these countries stand close and touch often (Hall, 1966). People in low contact cultures tend to stand apart and touch less.
Glossary
squat sophisticated obscene resentment grit intrigue pancultural embarrassment v. 蹲 adj.久经世故的,老练的 adj. 淫秽的,猥亵的 n. 怨恨,愤恨 vt.咬紧牙关 vt. 欺骗,激起 ... 的兴趣 a. 全文化的 n. 困窘,尴尬
2. What is contact culture/low-contact culture?

Key Terms
Contact culture接触性文化/Low-contact culture低接触 文化 根据身体接触的多少,分为接触性文化和低接触文化。 接触性文化中,人们相互之间关系亲密,因而身体 的接触较多。接触文化包括大部分阿拉伯国家,地中 海地区(包括法国、希腊、意大利),欧洲及中东的 犹太民族,东欧及俄罗斯人、印尼人及西班牙血统的 民族等。低接触文化的人们关系趋于冷淡,身体接触 相对较少。低接触文化包括北欧大部、德国、英国和 美国的盎格鲁-撒克逊族人以及日本人。澳大利亚人居 于两者之间。
Key Terms

eye contact 眼神交会 眼神交会是是通过眼神、目光等传达信息,表达 思想感情,是人们非常重要的非言语交际手段

非语言交流(英文)Non-verbal Communication

非语言交流(英文)Non-verbal Communication

the door side, this accurately reflect
的腿和脚会不停扭动,并使尽力气 伸向房门一侧,这准确地反映出了
on where she wanted to go.
她想要去的地方。
Uncomfortable or unsafe
Want to leave here
Happy
这名男子摆放右腿的方式仿佛是用膝盖 在2人之间架起一道堡垒
•Shrug耸肩
•Scratching their heads 挠头
• Hands clasped in the chest and cross them双手抱于胸前并 交叉
•Arms open, palms up 手臂张开,手掌 向上
•Do not understand what you say, unfortunately 不明白你说的话,无奈
孩子们的脚部动作来验证他们的诚
although the child may not eat a meal.
实度。假设一个孩子正坐着吃饭, 这时要注意观察,当她一心想着要
Parents may ask children stay put, 出去玩时,她的脚是如何摆动的,
when children feet will slowly away from the table. Her body might be
双脚是如何迫不及待地要着地的, 尽管这个孩子可能还没吃完饭。父 母可能会要求孩子保持原位不动,
parents hold, but her legs and feet will 这时孩子的脚会慢慢远离桌子。她
keep twist, and make the strength to 的身体可能会被父母按住,但是她

Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal Communication

非言语交际话语的影响力受说话方式的影响。

在讲话的时候,非言语交际是一个至关重要的因素,你可以在适当的场合使用适当的面部和身体动作。

设想你在参加一个晚会。

晚会期间你对周围的人有了种种印象。

艾伦看上去悠然自得,性情平和。

玛格丽特却是神经紧张,性格暴躁。

卡伦落落大方,直言快语;而埃米却是心存芥蒂,言辞含糊。

埃里克见到你很高兴,而马克则明显不是你是怎样得出这些结论的?令人吃惊的是,你得出这些结论并不是基于人们说了些什么话,而是由于他们以非言语方式,——即通过他们的姿势、手势,和面部表情所表达出来的东西。

假设你坐在马克旁边,他说,“这个晚会太棒了。

非常高兴今晚能和你在一起。

”然而,他的身体却微微挪到一边,并不断地看屋子对面的某个人。

不管他嘴上如何说,你知道那晚他并不高兴和你在一起。

在进行演讲时,类似的事情也往往发生。

下面一则故事讲的就是一个学生最初两次在教室里所作的演讲,以及每次演讲时他的非言语行为所产生的效果:丹·奥康纳的第一次演讲并不很成功。

尽管他事先选择了一个很有趣的话题,做过仔细的研究,并非常认真地练习过,他却没有考虑到非言语交际的重要性。

轮到他讲时,他的脸掠过惊恐的神色。

他像个死囚犯似的从椅子上站起来,步履沉缓地走上讲台,那样子像是走向断头台。

他说的相当不错,可演讲的同时他的那双手却自行其事。

他的手一会儿摆弄他的演讲稿,一会儿抚弄衬衫上的扣子,一会儿又在讲台上敲打。

整个演讲过程丹低着头,并不断地看表。

不管他嘴里在讲什么,他的身体在表明,“我可不想在这儿!”最后终于讲完了。

丹跑向他的座位,一下子瘫在位置上,如释重负的样子。

不用说,他的演讲不怎么成功。

幸运的是,人们指出他在非言语交际方面的问题时,丹认真地去改正。

他的下一次演讲就完全两样。

这次他从座位上站起来,迈着大步很自信地跨上讲台。

他控制着双手,集中注意力与听众进行目光接触。

这确实是个进步,因为丹和上次一样紧张。

不过,他发现自己越是显得自信,就越变得自信。

non-verbal_communication

non-verbal_communication
在北非的共和国这是我要杀了你的意思。

Facial expressions
• Some psychologists argue that there are six basic emotions.
• They are surprise, anger,happiness, fear, sadness and disgust.
This gesture become a universal gesture. People all over the world know it is a signal for greeting.
这个手势已经成为了一个全球通用的手势。 世界各地的人都知道它是用来问候的一个手势。
gestures
comfort zones ---body distances
• Chinese: The body distance between Chinese is closer than that between Americans. • Foreigners: In north Americans tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. • 中国人:中国人之间的身体距离要比美国人近的多。 • 外国人:而在北美,最舒服的距离是21英寸。
Chapter 4
What is Non-verbal communication?
Gesture 手势 Facial expressions 脸部表情 Body contact
身体接触
Eye contact 眼神交流
Body distance 身体间的 距离
A universal gesture
• People in North America and Europe :you should make eye contact when you talk to someone ,there is a saying don’t trust anyone who won’t look you in the eye. • 当你在跟北美和欧洲国家的人交谈时,你应该与对方有眼神的交流, 有句名言说“不要相信不与你眼神交流的人”。 • While you are in some Asian countries, it is not polite to make eye contact. • 然而在许多亚洲国家与对方有眼神交流是不礼貌的。

Non Verbal Communication 非言语交流

Non Verbal Communication 非言语交流
2. Posture or Body language 3. Facial expressions 4. Eye contact
5. Emblems
6. Haptics
7. Appearance & object
Meaning can also be communicated through object
•Clothing •Hairstyle •Architecture •Symbols •Dance •Icons (Image, picture, or representation) •Handwriting style •arrangement of words •physical layout of a page
vocal characterizers

Laughing Sighing Crying Belching Inhaling Excessive groaning Whining Yelling Whispering
vocal qualifiers

intensity (loud-soft) pitch height high-low

Fugitive -(Bored) Combative- ( Aggressive)

Two basic groups of postures: OPEN/CLOSED and FORWARD/BACK


OPEN/CLOSED is the most obvious. People with arms folded and legs crossed and bodies turned away are signaling that they are rejecting messages. People showing open hands, fully facing you and both feet planted on the ground are accepting them.

Nonverbal Communication单词

Nonverbal Communication单词
We agreed _t_o_ their arrangement. We agreed _on__ the price.
disagreement n. 异议;不同意 agreement n. 同意;一致 have difficulty (in) doing 做……有困难 We have difficulty in learning math. 我们学习数学有困难
3. For_in_s_t_an_c_e_(例如), a smile and handshake show welcome.
4. Shaking the head means _d_is_a_g_re_e_m_e_n_t (不同意)
5. When we can’t make a decision, we _f_r_ow_n__(皱眉).
1. 抄写单词,三英一汉。 2. 背过单词。 3. 完成练习册第二课时第一部分。 4. 将作业拍照上传。
之一。 rather than 而不是,并非 I am a teacher rather than a doctor. 我是一个老师而不是一个医生。
Asian adj. 亚洲的 n. 亚洲人 Asia n. 亚洲 consider v.考虑 consideration n.考虑 (1) 考虑 consider +n. /pron. /v-ing e.g. You’d better consider my suggestion.
by means of 用……方法,通过……手段 gesture n. 手势;姿势 We can communicate with each other by
means of gestures. 我们可以通过手势与彼此交流。
facial adj. 面部的 facial expression 面部表情 face n.面部 v.面对;朝向;对着

大学英语跨文化交际U5课文翻译、词汇、习语整理

大学英语跨文化交际U5课文翻译、词汇、习语整理

Unit 5Nonverbal communication课前谚语+名言:1、I’s not what he said, but the way he said it.——English saying2、There is a language in her eyes, her cheeks, her lips.——William Shakespeare案例一:个人空间马克最近从丹麦搬到了悉尼,在一家澳大利亚公司当销售员。

他被邀请加入当地的一个俱乐部。

有一天在一个晚会上,一个女成员走近他,马克立即通过谈论展现出了他的兴趣。

起初聊天进行的很顺利,但随着谈话的进行,马克逐渐的向她靠近,而那位女士似乎离他越来越远,并显得很不自在。

当马克正要问她有关于澳大利亚习俗的问题时,站在旁边的一个男士往这边瞟了一眼,她找了个借口离开,去和那个男人说话。

留下马克傻傻的站在那里,他不知道为什么他们的交谈如此突然地停止了。

Question:Why did that women suddenly stop talking with mark and turned to another man?注释:这是一个对身体距离理解不同造成的误会。

在丹麦,正式场合中,个人空间大概在20厘米-30厘米之间。

而在澳大利亚,这样的场合需要40厘米-50厘米的身体距离。

所以丹麦人习惯近距离交谈,澳大利亚人习惯远距离交谈。

在这个情况下,马克尝试去建立自己正常的个人亲密空间,侵犯了澳大利亚女士的空间,正因如此,她感到了某种威胁,失去了舒适感。

就在那时,身旁的男人给了她一个离开的机会。

如果马克对于澳大利亚人所期待的个人空间有所了解的话,或许这个谈话会有所不同。

案例二:使用当地语言的问题。

弗兰克为了做研究的目的从澳大利亚来到中国,为此,他在大学里刻苦学习中文,并且能用中文很方便的和人交流。

而当他到达北京以后,他开始和当地人交谈,询问方向和建议。

尽管他几乎都是用中文和他们交流,但是他发现周围的人有时候会笑着用英语回答他,尽管他们对英语知之甚少。

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– Affect displays 情绪表露性动作
facial and body movements many are universally recognized, such as happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust, contempt, interest Unconscious and unintentional, eg. Startled look of surprise, a blush of embarrassment Conscious and intentional, purposeful smile and look at another person to convey warmth and affection
Often a person's comfort zone is different depending upon where they are and who they are with. In certain circumstances people can accept having their personal space violated.
– Regulators 调节性动作 sequencing in conversation, used by speakers to indicate whether others should take a turn and by listeners to indicate whether they wish to speak or would prefer to continue listening
Personal space in the US
Intimate distance:
– extends roughly 18 inches (45.7 cm) from the individual and is reserved for family, pets and very close friends.
Hale Waihona Puke space.These close and personal situations are often built on high levels of trust.
Personal space--exceptions
Crowded events: such as concerts, fairs, sports
Classification
Eye language Postures Touch Facial expressions
Eye language
As saying goes “The eyes are the window of the soul”. we can read one’s mind through his/her eyes. Eye language can express complicated feelings and it is an important way to judge the intimacy of communicators.
arenas, buses and elevators, normally don’t leave room for ample personal space.
Zones of Personal Space
In 1966 Anthropologist Edward Hall identified four different zones of personal space Americans like to keep around them.
Personal space--exceptions
In romantic relationships, the lack of personal space is usually expected as well as desired.
Personal space--exceptions
Similarly family members often welcome hugs and affection in exchange for their personal
The educated Englishmen believe direct eye contact with our communicators is gentlemanly. But Swedish use eye language more often than Englishmen.
And the French especially like to look attentively at the other communicators with admiration. Japanese often look at the other communicator’s neck when they are in conversation. They believe eye contact is impolite.
Lecture 4
Non-verbal communication -Space, body language, time, touch, voice
1. Space
Personal space
What is personal space?
Personal space is the region surrounding each person, or that area which a person considers their domain or territory.
five categories of kinesic behaviors: emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators, adaptors
– Emblems 象征性动作
OK, Victory
– Illustrators 说明性动作
used with verbal messages, to indicate accuracy and help explain, eg. Calling for a taxi
Public Space:
– extends more than 12 feet (3.7 m) and is not guarded. Secret Service agents will commonly attempt to ensure 12 feet (3.7 m) of open space around dignitaries and high ranking officials.
High-context cultures: eyes (p.204-205)
– Adaptors 适应性动作
personal body movements that occur as a reaction to an individual’s physical or psychological state. Self-adaptors, alter-directed adaptors, object-adaptors Eg.: Scratching an itch, fidgeting (unrest), tapping a pencil, smoothing one’s hair Often performed unconsciously
Personal space
Personal space can also be heavily affected by a person's position in society, with the more affluent a person being the larger personal space he demands. It is variable and difficult to measure accurately. (for an average westerner) 24.5 inches (60 centimeters) on either side, 27.5 inches (70 centimeters) in front and 15.75 inches (40 centimeters) behind
1) Body movements: also known as body language or kinesics
– Including gestures, head movements, facial expressions, eye behaviors, etc. – Ekman and Friesen:
Personal space--exceptions
People usually make exceptions to modify their space requirements, when they see an immediate need or reason to temporarily allow a change in their usual personal space needs.
If two Chinese are in conversation, they will look at each other warmly. Because they think eyes are the key of their existence. But in American eyes, they think this behavior is unsuitable or a homosexual behavior.
What is personal space?
Often if entered by another being without this being desired, it makes them feel uncomfortable.
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