Supplementary exercises for Chapter 1
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程3答案Unit1-Unit8
崭新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程 3 答案Unit 1P3：After ListeningComplete the following statements according to what you have heard.a break relief out in the country fastmove pollution of the city smogin the way we liveP10: Content QuestionsPair workOne of you asks the first six questions and the other answers. Starting from question7, change roles. When you have finished, the teacher may want to put some of the questions to you to check your progress.1.Write and live on a farm.2.Because they grow nearly all of their fruits and vegetables. They have enough eggs, honey and wood. They are very close to nature and can enjoy the beautiful scenery. Besides, they can go skiing and skating in winter.3.No. Sometimes the good life can get pretty tough.4.They were buried under five feet of snow from December through March.5.When the first spring came, it brought two floods. Thesecond flood refers to the good harvest in the growing season.6.He decided to quit his job and start to freelance.7. He has to crawl into black-bear dens for “Sports Illustrated ”, hitch up dogsled racing teams for “Smithsonian ”magazine, check out the Lake Champlain “monster ”for “Science Digest”, and canoe through the Boundary Waters wilderness area of Minnesota for “Destinations ”.8.As for insurance, they have only bought a poor man ’s major-medical policy and the policy on their two cars.9.They cut back their expenses without appreciably lowering their standard of living. For example：they patronize local restaurants instead of more expensive places in the city. They still attend the opera and ballet but only a few times a year. They eat less meat, drink cheaper wine and see fewer movies.10.A tolerance for solitude and lots of energy.11.They will leave with a feeling of sorrow but also with a sense of pride at what they ’ve been able to accomplish.12.They chose to live in the country because they want to improve the quality of their lives. Yes, they have finally realized their dream.P11: TEXT ORQANIZATIONWorking on Your OwnDo the exercises and then compare your answers with a partner.1. Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras. 1-3The writer views his life inthe country as a self-reliantand satisfying one.Part Two Paras. 4-7Life in the country is goodyet sometimes very hard. Part Three Paras. 8-11After quitting his job, thewriter ’s income wasreduced, but he and hisfamily were able tomanage to get by.Part Four Paras. 12-15 A tolerance for solitudeand a lot of energy havemade it possible for thefamily to enjoy their life inthe country.2. Happy Moments and Events Hardships1) growing nearly all their fruits and1)working hard both vegetables in winter and in summer2) canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle2)harsh environmentrides, etc.and weather condition 3) keeping warm inside the house 3)anxious moments afterthe in winter writer quit his job4) writing freelance articles4)cutting back on daily expenses5) earning enough money while5) solitudemaintaining a happy family life.P12 Language Sense Enhancement1. (1)special qualities(2)a tight budget(3)entertain(4)anyway (5)involved(6)requirement (7)on a small scale(8)temptation(9)instead (10)machineryP15: VocabularyI1. 1)On balance 2)resist 3)haul 4)wicked 5)illustrated6)budget7)lowering8)boundary 9)involved10) economic 11)blasting12)just about2. 1)cut back/down2)pick up 3)get by 4)get through5)face up to 6)turn in 7)making up for8)think up3.1)pursued his mathematical studies and taught himselfastronomy.2)often generate misleading thoughts.3)attach great importance to combining theory withpractice in our work.4)be suspected of doing everything for money.5)before he gets through life.4. 1)their indoor a profit to invest in2)device the improvement on a global scale3)stacked temptation never dined out1.1)house 2)Home 3)home family 4)household2.1)doubt2)suspected3)doubted4)suspected5)suspectP19 III. Word Formation1)rise 2)final 3)regular 4)cash 5)hows whys6)upped 7)yellowed 8)bottled 9)lower10)searchP 20: Comprehensive ExerciseI . Cloze1.(1)gets by(2)temptation(3)get through(4)improvements(5)aside from (6)suspect (7) supplement(8)profit(9)stacking2. (1)replaced(2)consider(3)quit(4)world(5)tough(6)fuels (7)provide (8)luxuries (9)balance(10)ideal P21 II. Translation1.1)We have a problem with the computer system, but I thinkit ’sfairly minor.2)My father died when I was too young to live on my own. Thepeople of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point.3)The toys have to meet strict/tough safety requirementsbefore they can be sold to children.4)Radio and television have supplemented rather thanreplaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion.5)When it comes to this magazine, it is/carries a digest ofarticles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.2. A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dreamabout. She quit an executive position and opened/set up a household device store in her neighborhood. People likeNancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives.But, to run a business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut backon her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed.Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She determined to continuepursuing her vision of a better life.P27 Comprehension CheckP28: Translation1.什么你说那听起来不像你府上的生活其实，不不过是你一个人这么想。
新概念英语第一册讲义
新概念英语第一册讲义The journey of language learning often begins with the first step, and for many, that step is marked by the pagesof New Concept English Book 1. This venerable textbook,with its timeless lessons and classic examples, has served as a launching pad for countless English learners aroundthe globe. Its popularity is not just a testament to its enduring quality but also a reflection of the value itbrings to the learning process.The book's approach is both practical and systematic, focusing on the building blocks of language proficiency: vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure. Each lesson is carefully crafted to introduce new concepts in a gradualand manageable manner, ensuring that students can build a solid foundation upon which to expand their language skills. The lessons are not just dry exercises; they are designedto engage the student's interest and imagination, makingthe learning process more enjoyable and less intimidating.The vocabulary lessons, for instance, are not justlists of words and their definitions. Instead, they present each word in the context of a sentence or a short paragraph,illustrating its meaning and usage. This approach helps students to understand not just the dictionary definitionof a word but also how it fits into the larger language landscape. Similarly, the grammar lessons are explained ina clear and concise manner, with examples that are easy to understand and apply.The practice exercises in the book are also animportant part of the learning process. They range from simple fill-in-the-blanks to more complex composition tasks, gradually increasing in difficulty as the student's proficiency grows. These exercises not only help to consolidate the knowledge learned in the lessons but also provide an opportunity for students to apply their newfound skills in practical situations.Beyond the basic language skills, New Concept English Book 1 also introduces students to the rich culturalcontext of English. The lessons often include references to British history, traditions, and way of life, providing a window into the culture that lies behind the language. This cultural insight is invaluable in helping students tounderstand and appreciate the nuances of the English language and its usage.The beauty of New Concept English Book 1 lies in its accessibility and adaptability. It can be used as a standalone textbook for beginners, or as a supplementary resource for more advanced learners. Its lessons are structured in such a way that they can be easily integrated into any language learning program, making it a versatile tool for teachers and students alike.In conclusion, New Concept English Book 1 is not just a textbook; it is a gateway to a world of language learning and cultural exploration. Its comprehensive approach, clear explanations, and engaging lessons make it an ideal choice for anyone embarking on the journey of English language proficiency. As students flip through its pages, they are not just learning a language; they are also embarking on a journey of discovery and personal growth.**探索新概念英语第一册：语言学习的基石**语言学习的旅程往往始于第一步，对许多人来说，这一步的标志是新概念英语第一册的篇章。
施心远主编听力教程1第2版-Unit-1-原文及答案
UNIT 1 Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsExercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape. Pay special attention to the weak forms, link-ups and contractions.Woman 2: Oh, yes?Woman 1: I'm getting married.Woman 2: (4) That's wonderful news!Woman 2: Are we invited?Part 2 Listening and Note-takingTelephone rings for a long time.Operator: Redman Electronics. Can I help you?Voice: At last! Why don't you answer the phone?Operator: I'm sorry. I was downstairs.Voice: Well, can I speak to Mr. Redman please?Operator: I'm afraid he isn't here at the moment. He's on holiday. He's in the South of France.Voice: What about Mr. Gray — extension 322.Operator: Mr. Gray's at home.Voice: Well, may I speak to Mr. Redman's secretary?Operator: She isn't in today. She's at her sister's.Voice: I see. Then I'd like to speak to Mr. Gray's secretary.Operator: Miss Jones?Voice: That's right.Operator: Sorry. She isn't in. She's gone to the hairdresser's.Voice: Who is in today?Operator: Well, I am. But I'm going home soon. Who is it please?Exercise A: Listen to the conversation and take notes.Exercise B: Complete the following sentences.Where are they?Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueDialogue 1 HelloWoman 1 : Professor Andrews, this is Dr. Baxter.Woman 2: How do you do?Man: How do you do?Man l: Hello, Al. How are you?Man 2: Fine, thanks, Eric. Nice to see you again.Woman I: Sally, do you know Steve?Woman 2: No, how do you do?Man: Hello, Sally. I'm glad to meet you.Man l: Tony, I'd like to introduce ny friend Mary Parker.Man 2: Oh, hello. I've heard so much about you.Woman: Hello.Woman: May I introduce myself? My name is Susan Roper.Man: Oh, hello. I'm John Lee. I'm sorry, I didn't catch your name.Exercise: Listen to some people talking at a party. Who is talking to whom? Who has known whom before? Complete the following sentences. Names in the box are for your reference.1.Professor Andrews is talking to Dr. Baxter.2.A1 is talking to Eric.（个人认为答案不对，应该是Eric先向Al打招呼）3.Sally is talking to Steve.4.Tony is talking to Maw Parker.5.Susan Roper is talking to John Lee.6.Al and Eric have known each other before.7.Tony has known Mary Parker before.Dialogue 2 Welcome to BristolEtienne has just arrived in England,Etienne: Hello, Are you Mrs. Baker? I'm Etienne Bertrand, from Switzerland.Mrs. Baker: Hello, Etienne. Come in. Welcome to Bristol.Etienne: Hello. Pleased to meet you, Mrs. Baker.Mrs. Baker: Oh, call me Nicola. And this is my husband, Nigel.Mr. Baker: How was your trip? No hijacks?Etienne: No, it was all right, thank you. But the plane was late and the airport was crowded Mr. Baker: Well, it's the holiday season. You expect it at this time of the year. Here, let me take your bags upstairs.Etienne: Oh, that's all right. I'll take this one. it's heavy.Mr. Baker: Well. Here's your room. I hope it's big enough for you and not too cold. We do have central heating but it doesn't work very well. There are extra blankets in the cupboard, I think. Oh, well •••Nicola, where are the blankets? Let's go down and meet the rest of the family.Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. Etienne Bertrand is from Switzerland. (I'm Etienne Bertrand, from Switzerland.)T 2. The Bakers are expecting Mr. Bertrand. (Mrs. Baker says"Hello, Etienne. Come in. Welcome to Bristol.")T 3. There have probably been hijacks in recent days. (Mr. Baker says "How was your trip? No hijacks?" and Etienne answers "No, it was all fight, thank you." We may infer there were hijacks recently. )个人认为这题是错的，因为听到他们的笑声，应该是在开玩笑。
key to Supplementary Ex.1-25 (1)
Key to Supplementary Exercises (1)Ex.1I. baccd aaddcI. abdaa cdcdaEx.2I. cbdcd bbabcEx.3I.1. red2. fine3. rain4. wrong5. three6. cloud7. save8. pair(pear)9. cook 10.eyesII.1. buy2. John3. look4. ship5. work6. Mrs.7. stay8. bought9. crowds 10.collectEx.4I.1. D2. D3. S4. D5. D6. D7. S8. D9. D 10.D II.1. fill2. fell3. meal4. taste5. soap6. washing7. bus8. shirt9. cold 10.sailEx.5I.1. seat2. light3. quite4. mess5. fear6. bag7. sleep8. pain9. hair(hare) 10.liveII.1. parcel2. She’s3. thick4. pain5. paper6. box7. bold8. late9. write 10.billEx.6I.1.This is too small.2.Here are your books.3.I’ll take it.4.I’m awfully sorry about it.5.Where is the Grand Theater?6.I waited and waited for a bus.7.How can I get there?8.I have a lot of trouble with spelling.II.A Can I help you?B Yes, I’m looking for a present for my mother.A What about a pair of shoes like these?B Are they comfortable?A Yes, they are.B OK, I think she’ll like them.A What size does she wear?B 7.A What do you think of this pair?B How much are they?A $ 35.50.B All right. I’ll take them.Ex.7Part AI. abaab bababII.cbcbc abbcaPart BDialogue 11.cbdac2.1) Location: 20 miles south of the capital city.2) Composition: one living room, one dining room, two bedrooms, a kitchen, a basement, a garden, anda garage.3) Kitchen equipment: a refrigerator, a dishwasher, and an electric stove.4) Price: 150,000 dollars.Dialogue 21.aabac2.1) The flat is on a busy road but it’s opposite a park.2) The flat is on a rather high floor, but it has a lovely view of the town.3) The living room is small, but the kitchen is larger.4) The weekly rent is quite high, but it’s the lowest rent of the similar kind of flat in that district. Ex.8Part AI.1.Stop doing that.2.See you about four, than.3.Can Mr. Taylor help me?4.Does Mr. Black speak Japanese?5.Sometimes I make mistakes in spelling.6.This isn’t the first time.7.I can’t understand this word.8.The house is in a good condition.9.Have you got a lot of information about travel?10.I don’t think my husband would let me do that.II.Jack was born in a London hospital in August sixteen years ago. Most people think he looks more like his father than his mother, but perhaps that is because their hair is of the same light brown color. However, Jack is more like his mother in everything else.Part BDialogue1. bdbab2.1)Michael is a tall and handsome young man.2)Michael has big blue eyes and beautiful long blond hair.3)Michael wears two big rings on his ears.4)Michael is a creative painter.5)Michael gives free English lessons in the neighborhood and he is quite a patient teacher. Passageacc2.1) Do you have a family?2)Does he smoke?3)Does your son drink wine?4) Does he ever come home late at night?5) How old is he?Ex.9I.1.Not at all.2.Is it on a busy road?3.Would you like to go for a walk?4.Won’t you sit down and have a cup of tea?5.Where there is a will, there is a way.6.Art is long, life is short.7. A good beginning makes a good ending.8.Let’s have a party.9.Can I speak to Dr. Jones, please?10.I have a lot of trouble with spelling.II.1.My radio won’t work. I guess I’ll have to take it downtown and get it fixed.2.He said he would call again in about an hour.3.The plumber took a piece of paper out of his pockets and looked at it.4.You’ll learn it all in a couple of hours.5.There’re ten of us.Ex.10I. bbaaa babbb abaab abbaaEx.11I.1. She has brought you a beautiful present.2. Would you prefer black coffee?3. Do you like brown or blue?4. Probably Sally is ill. Please send for the doctor.5. The traffic is really dreadful.6. Shall I drive you to the laundry?7. Mr. Wang is very pleased with my plan.8. We should have more practice in pronunciation.9. Bring me some ice cream tomorrow.10.You’d better drink plenty of water.II.A: What were your holidays like?B: Great! I went to France.A: I’ve never been abroad. How long did you stay there?B: About a week.A: Did you spend the holidays with your wife?B: Yes. She enjoys traveling very much.A: Did you speak French all the time?B: Most of the time. I think my French has improved a lot.A: Good for you.Ex.12I. abbba bbaaa aaabb abbbbEx.13Part AI.1. 7:152. 8:353. 6:304. 10:105. 2:456. 7:527. 10:40 8. 3:55 9. 14:00 10.10:45 11.22:00 12.00:20II.Part BDialogue 11.cbbdd2.1)Guests are supposed to leave their hotel rooms by 12 noon.2)Mrs. Browning’s flight will be at 5:30 p.m.3)Mrs. Browning’s room number is 577.4)Mrs. Browning can keep her room till 2:00 p.m.5)It usually takes 90 minutes to get to the airport from the hotel. Dialogue 21.2.1)Jack has got a new job as a bus driver. (T)2)Jack doesn’t work on a fixed schedule. (T)3)Jack enjoys working all sorts of hours. (F)4)Jack can have his evening meal with his family only on Sunday. (F)5)Money is the main reason for Jack to stay on his present job. (T) Ex.14Part AI.1. 7,0682. 5,2313. 1,0054. 4,7165. 2,5006. 4,9087. 13,0348. 90,2849. 47,359 10.56,708 II.Part BDialogue 11.bacad2.What advice does peter’s friend give him?1) He should go out more.2) He should go to the pubs.3) He should join a club.4) He should speak to people first.5) He should start his conversation with weather..Dialogue 21.1)Do you have any flights for New York on December 20th?2)Are there still any seats available on that flight?3)Is that a direct flight?4)What is the exact fare?5)It’s quite expensive, isn’t it?2.1) 10:50 a.m., Dec. 20th.2) No. she has to wait for three hours in Tokyo.3) 6:50 p.m., local time.4) $1,250.5) It’s the holiday season.Ex.15Part AI. dbabb bccadII.1.The plane from London will arrive in 15 minutes.2.I was born on July 4th, 1961.3.Will next Saturday, the 28th, be all right?4.New York is 1,275 miles away from here.5.The color TV I bought the day before yesterday cost 299 dollars.Part B1.bcdab2.FFFTTEx.16Part AI.1. United Airlines announces the departure of Flight 41 to San Francisco. Passengers are requested togo to Gate 11 immediately where this flight is now boarding.2. Attention, please. Central Airlines Flight 602 from Chicago now arriving at Gate 4.3. This is the last call for Midwestern Airlines Flight 543 from Milwaukee. All passengers please boardat Gate 2.4. Your attention, please. Central Airlines Flight 401 for Chicago, Now boarding at Gate 3.5. Midwestern Airlines Flight 641 from Milwaukee now boarding at Gate 5.II.W: How are you going to Washington?M: By air.W: What airlines are you taking?M: American Airlines.W: And the flight number?M: 838. It’s a direct flight there.W: When’s the departure time?M: 10:45 a.m.W: When will you arrive there?M: 10:25 tomorrow morning, local time. It’s a fourteen-hour flight.W: Happy journey!M: Thanks.Part BDialogue 11.cdcbd2.FTTFFDialogue 21.adccd2.1) Swimming, playing beach ball, lying in the sun.2) He hasn’t decided yet, but he will think about it.Ex.17Section 1I.1. Tom Baker is from New Zealand. His telephone number is 398-4071.2. Alice Dupont is French. Her telephone number is 278-9536.3. Dr. Bennett works in a hospital. Please call him on 271-8265 before you go to see him.4. John is not at work now. His home telephone number is 718-4291.5. Mrs. Thompson is on holiday in Los Angeles. She is staying at the Grand Hotel. Its telephone numberis 310-449-6213.Section 2I.1. Johann Bach, a famous German composer, was born on March 21, 1685 and died on January 28, 1750.2. George Handel, a well-known German-born British composer, was born on February 23, 1685 and died onApril 14, 1759.3. Wolfgang Mozart was a brilliant Austrian composer, who was born on January 27, 1756 and died on December5, 1791.4. Ludwig Beethoven, an ingenious German composer, was born on December 17, 1770 and died on March 26,1827.5. As one of the outstanding Austrian composers, Franz Schubert was born on January 31, 1797 and diedon November 19, 1828.6. Felix Mendelssohn, another famous German composer, was born on February 3, 1809 and died on November4, 1847.7. Poland also produced a well-known composer, Frederic Chopin, who was born on March 1, 1810 and diedon October 17, 1849.8. Franz Liszt was a renowned Hungarian composer. He was born on October 22, 1811 and died on July 31,1886.9. Johann Strauss, another celebrated Austrian composer, was born on October 25, 1825 and died on June3, 1899.10.As the most prominent Russian composer, Peter Tchaikovshy was born on May 7, 1840 and died on December6, 1893.Section 3Part AI.1. --- Is Pat there?--- Speaking.2. --- Can I speak to Diana?--- Sorry. She’s out. Would you like to leave a message?3. --- Is that you, Peter?--- I’m afraid you’ve got the wrong number.4. --- I’m sorry. John is not in at the moment.--- All right. I’ll call back later.5. --- Could you take a message?--- Hold the line, please. I’ll get a piece of paper.II.--- Hello. Could I speak to Mary Smith?--- Just a minute, please.--- Thanks.--- Oh, I’m afraid she’s not here right now.--- Could you tell her to give Bob a call when she gets back? My number is 83602505.--- Sure.--- Thank you very much.--- You’re welcome.Part BDialoguebdd2.1)Mrs. Bates was looking for two of her husband’s shirts and three of her blouses.2)Mrs. Bates sent the clothes to the laundry that morning.3)Mrs. Bates and her husband would leave early the next morning.4)The housekeeper had put the clothes in the wardrobe, in the top drawer on the left.5)Mrs. Bates was sorry to have troubled the housekeeper because she had not looked in the wardrobe. Ex. 18Part AI. adbda cbdII.1.The Smiths usually spend their weekends in the country.2.They rarely go dancing.3.John never goes to pubs.4.Mary answered the questions correctly.5.Robert did the exercise very well.6.Mother told me not to speak quickly.Part BDialogue 11.dcacd2.1)Miss Jenkins can type.2)Miss Jenkins knows how to operate office computer.3)Miss Jenkins is familiar with the working of modern office equipment.4)Miss Jenkins has learned shorthand.5)Miss Jenkins speaks German, French and Chinese.Dialogue 21.1) Boss and secretary.2) To tell him that Mr. Hudson wanted to speak to him on the phone.3) To photocopy the director’s report for afternoon use.4) Not to call her boyfriend from the office.5) To bring him a cup of coffee.2. dbdcbEx. 19Section 1I.Section 2Part AI. dadbd ccbII.1.Does this bus stop at the hospital?2.Have you got time to finish making that dress today?3.Bob goes home from school at noon.4.The girls took their dog with them.5.You may get off at the next stop.6.Please turn that music off at once.Part BDialogue1.bacba2.Laura White comes to the finance section this morning. She is coming to report for work at the office.Linda Blake, the former typist, says that Laura has come too early because the office is not open yet.Laura will replace Linda in the finance section. Linda has got a transfer to the general manager’s office.Laura is wondering if the work in the office is difficult or not, but Linda tells Laura to take it easy because it can be learnt in a couple of weeks.Passage1.TFFTT2.1)The secretary had got a large book of speeches on her desk.2)She gave the report to the man shortly before he left for his plane.3)The man spoke at the meeting for about 60 minutes.4)The secretary had made two copies of the speech for the file.5)Whose fault do you think is it? It’s the man’s.Ex. 20Section 1I.Country Population1. China 1,243,738,0002. India 955,220,0003. the United States 267,901,0004. Indonesia 199,867,0005. Brazil 159,884,0006. Russian Federation 147,105,0007. Pakistan 138,150,0008. Japan 125,638,0009. Bangladesh 122,013,00010.Nigeria 118,369,00011.Mexico 96,400,00012.Germany 82,071,000II.Be Careful with NumbersQuick and accurate response to numbers is very important in daily communication. Telephone numbers, addresses, prices, temperatures, time and dates are all closely linked with the use of numbers. Besides, numbers also play a very important part in broadcast programs such as scientific stories, statistics update, and reports about ongoing events of various kinds.Although identification of numbers in print is usually easy, number identification through listening proves to be a big problem for many people. In actual listening, we are often required to get the numbers immediately after we hear them. And failure to get a correct number, sometimes a mere mistake in digit, can seriously affect the understanding of the whole story and therefore cause severe losses. The differences between million and billion, “teen’s”and “ty’s” are so great that no one can simply afford to ignore them.Numbers are sometimes read in different ways. For example, “seventeen point five million”or “seventeen million five hundred thousand”can also be read as “seventeen and one half million.”Intensive training in numbers can help us get familiar with these different yet still regular ways of presentations.For easy reading and writing, numbers of more than four digits are often separated by commas into groups of three digits each. For example, 1,234,567 is one million, two hundred and thirty-four thousand, and five hundred and sixty-seven. Saying numbers over to yourselves after you hear them can increase our sensitivity to numbers.Numbers are all around us. Let us practice with numbers and learn to be good at numbers.Section 2Part AI.1. (×)2. (√)3. ( ×)4. (×)5. (√)6. (×)7. (×)8. (√)9. (×) 10.(√)II.Hello, my name’s Sue Krisco.How are you? I’m Joe Ling. I came from San Francisco. I am leaving for Peking.When are you going to go there?Sometime in March this year.You’ll need a reservation. I’ll make it for you here.What are you going to do there?I’m going to learn Chinese. I know some words already --- ‘Thank you’, ‘Hello’ and ‘please’. Thanks for your help, Miss Krisco.My pleasure, Mr. Ling. I hope you’ll like your stay there. I hope you’ll like Peking.Part B1.dbaba2.1) 118 Hill Road, London, S.E.18.2) Tuesday, March 25th.3) Because he wants to come after work.4) From 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., Monday till Friday.5) The nurse / receptionist at Dr. Milton’s surgery.Ex. 21Section 1Section 2Part A1.bdccd bdaddPart BDialogue 11.cdbbd2.1)She asked if the man could show her the receipt.2)She asked if the man had used the antenna.3)She asked if the man had tried it in the shop before he took it home.4)She asked if the TV set worked the first time it was turned on.5)She asked if the man could send the TV set to the shop to have it checked.Dialogue 21.adbbc2.1) The toilet doesn’t work properly.2)The water in the shower doesn’t run.3)The faucet was leaking the whole night.4)There’s water all over the bathroom floor.Ex. 22Section 1I.The 26th Olympics opened in Atlanta on July 19th, 1996. The games drew over 13,000 athletes from 197 countries and regions, including Palestinians and 9 other countries and regions for the first time. The event also brought 16,000 members of the media, 5,500 officials and coaches and hundreds of thousands of visitors to Atlanta. The games concluded on August 3rd.II.Section 2I.Section 3I. adcab cddbdSection 4I. acabc dcdccII.Before Helen Keller was 2 years old, she lost her sight and hearing. She lived in a world of confusion until the arrival of Anne Sullivan, the woman who was to change Helen’s life. On March 3, 1887 Miss Sullivan arrived. It was 3 months before Helen’s 7th birthday. Miss Sullivan worked closely with her new student.At times the teacher became disappointed. But eventually Miss Sullivan’s efforts were rewarded. The deaf and blind Helen Keller learned to communicate with others.Ex. 23Section 1I.1. My brother was born in 1968.2. The film lasted 113 minutes.3. Please call me on 275-1088.4. Mr. Green would like to see Dr. Martin on Sept. 30th.5. Is Jack’s office on the 14th floor.6. Are your seats in the 22nd row?7. Labor Day was on September 4th last year in the U.S.8. Mr. Smith’s address is 154, Water Street.9. The red coat cost me $210.10.The shoes are on sale. They’re only $59.95 a pair.Section 2I. BDABC BABCDII.1.What’s the main idea of the story?2.Who seems to be doing the housework in the family?3.How can I get to the Italian restaurant?4.What are you majoring in?5.Why doesn’t Mary like walking through the street?Section 3I.1. T2. L3. C4. C5. D6. T7. R8. C9. P 10.C Section 4Part AI.1. --- Your boss? What’s his name?--- Francis Matthews.--- What’s his address?--- 7 Oxford Road, London SW 18.--- And what’s his telephone number?--- 399-8431.2. --- What’s your name?--- Mary Brown.--- And what’s your address, please?--- 1250 Grafton Street, London N 12.--- And your telephone number, please?--- 783-1046.3. My friend’s name is Pat Wilson. Her address is 89 Park Avenue, New York, NY 30218, U.S.A. Her telephonenumber is 212-476-8563.II.1.When? Last week.2.How much? 16 pounds.3.Whom? Mr. Green.4.Where? In a hospital in New York.5.What for? For his birthday.6.How? On foot.7.When? Two days ago.8.Who? John’s sister Ellie.9.How often? Once a week.10.How long? Over 1,500 miles.Part B1.ADBCD2.1) Mary says if Bob and his wife are going by sea, they can save at least half of the money and enjoythe scene of the sea and the rising sun.2) Bob says his wife worries too much about who will come to look after the house, the garden and thepets.Ex. 24Section 1I. dcdcb ccbcaII.1.-- Would you mind passing me the salt?-- Here you are.2.-- Do you think you could show me the way to the library?-- Yes, of course.3.-- I’d like you to do me a small favor.-- With pleasure.4.-- Post this letter for me, will you?-- Certainly.5.-- Could I see Dr. Brown, please?-- I’m sorry, but he is in conference now.Section 2Part AI.1. How often? Twice a week.2. What? Radios and TV sets.3. How? Sometimes by bus, sometimes by taxi.4. When? Last weekend.5. With whom? Linda.6. How many? 31,579.7. How long? 7 feet long.8. How old? 4,500 years old.9. How cold? 5 degrees below zero.10.How far? A 15 minutes’ walk.Part B1.BCCAD2.1) George had his birthday party on June 27th. ( )2) George and Nina decided to go to a horse racing. ( √ )3) George could not find his money now because he forgot where he had put it. ( )4) George was very sad to find that his money was really lost. ( √ )5) George drove back in order to find the money on the way. ( )6) George bet on Sure Thing and won the money back. ( √ )7) If George had bet 30 dollars on Sure Thing, he could have won 480 dollars. ( )8) On his way home George was stopped by a policeman and was fined 30 dollars for speeding. ( √ )9) George showed the policeman his driving licence, so the policeman did not tell him to report to thepolice station. ( √ )10) George and Nina had a pleasant afternoon that day. ( )Ex. 25Section 1I. acbda bbcdbdSection 2Part AI. aabaa baaab aaabb abaaaPart BDialogue1.ADCCA2.What is a potluck supper?1)It is an informal meal.2)It is something like a picnic.3)Everyone brings something.4)All the food is put on the table.5)People eat whatever they like.6)In warm weather, people have the meal outdoors.7)In winter people have it indoors.8)It is usually a party for the whole neighborhood.Passage1.DBACC2.1) At an informal meal:The guests often serve themselves.The guests can eat in the living rooms.The guests eat while holding their plates or trays on their knees.2) At a picnic:People usually have hamburgers, or hot dogs, sandwiches, salads, potato chips, pickles, and watermelons.People often play baseball or have a nap after the meal.。
精读作业Exercise for L1
Lesson 1 Where Do We Go from Here?Supplementary V ocabulary ExercisesName ________________ Class_______I. Morphology: Fill in each blank with a proper derivative of the word in the brackets.1.The era was characterized by political and cultural ________. (turbulent)2.Most of the porcelain you see in the display cabinets is ________. (replace)3.The white cliffs rise ________ from the sea. (majestic)4.They are openly ________ of the new plans. (scorn)5.It’s a new country, hoping for diplomatic ________ from the internationalcommunity. (recognize)6.Police and ________ clashed violently. (riot)7.The system of racial ________ that used to exist in South Africa was calledapartheid. (segregate)8.I certainly don’t agree with his ________ that men are better drivers than women.(assert)9.Several foreign ________ attended the ceremony. (dignity)10.We were unable to sleep because of the ________ heat . (oppress)11.The President looked ________ with over 60% of the vote. (assail)12.It is so ________ to have to ask for money. (degrade)13.High blood pressure can cause ________ of the heart muscles. (degenerate)14.The lack of military action from other countries has contributed to the ________of the civil war. (perpetuate)15.Patients, it is claimed, were kept in ________ of what was wrong with them.(ignore)16.She answered ________. (affirm)17.The early settlers ________ or killed much of the native population. (enslave)18.The twenties and sixties are often regarded as the most ________ decades.(emancipate)19.She was looking ________ and had dark circles beneath her eyes. (strain)20.Most foreign visitors to Britain enter the country ________. (legitimate)21.There were violent ________ between police and demonstrators. (confront)22.My father was a real ________ so we were brought up very strictly. (authority)23.Despite his kindly, sometimes ________ air, he was a shrewd observer of people.(whimsy)24.It gives you a sense of ________ if you actually make it to the end of a very longbook. (achieve)25.The facts are simply not ________. (deny)26.She looked at him in/with ________. (abhor)27.The army’s ________ to intervene in politics remains strong. (potential)28.Atmospheric pressure varies with ________ and temperature. (elevate)29.________ must be given to the injured in the evacuation plans. (precede)30.The accident left him severely ________. (disable)31.Now aged 42, he is no longer considered a serious ________ for the title.(contend)32.There is a ________ of people with an arts degree on the board of governors.(predominate)33.The ______ of the company’s shares to its employees is still to be decided. (allot)34.Her scarf was ________ placed to hide a tear in her shirt. (strategy)35.Their arguments ________ end in tears. (inevitable)36.She didn’t even have the ________ to apologize. (decent)37.There are reports of ________ attacks on innocent civilians. (mercy)38.He very ________ ascribes his success to his wife. (humble)39.Arriving in a strange city at night, I felt alone and ________. (bewilder)40.I’d never seen Carlo in smart evening clothes before -- it was quite a ________.(transform)II. Collocation: Fill in each blank with a proper preposition or adverb.1.The population ____ a whole is getting healthier.2.The hotel was awful! To begin ____, our room was far too small.3.The two governments have agreed to engage ____ a comprehensive dialogue toresolve the problem.4._____ behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.5.He’s established himself ____ a dependable source of information.6.When she didn’t answer the telephone, I resorted ____ standing outside herwindow and calling up to her.7.Having faster computers would make ____ a more efficient system.8.Members have called ____ his resignation.9.The level of crime in an area is almost always in direct proportion ____ thenumber of unemployed.10.It’s high time we all stood____ for our rights around here.11.I’d planned a romantic evening together, but circumstances conspired ____ it --friends arrived unexpectedly and then Dave was called out to an emergency. 12.She ought to be thoroughly ashamed ____ herself -- talking to her mother likethat!13.He despised himself ____ being such a coward.14.Because of the pollution, the trees are almost completely stripped____ bark.15.In terms ____ money, I was better off in my last job.16.The inquiry found that they had been subjected ____ unfair treatment.17.He has always shown great dedication ____ the cause.18.He brought ____ his company’s collapse by his reckless spending.19.I’m having problems ____ my computer.20.Many football fans are unfairly identified ____ violent behaviour.21.The documentary was an example of investigative journalism ____ its best.22.Their apartment is devoid ____ all comforts.23.It was predicted that a comet would collide ____ one of the planets.24.Just dismiss those thoughts ____ your mind -- they’re crazy and not worththinking about.25.She is known chiefly for her commitment ____ nuclear disarmament.26.____ all the odds, he recovered.27.We can’t pin ____ where the leak came from.28.I now call ____ everyone to raise a glass to the happy couple.29.She has vowed to stand ____ her husband during his trial.30.The country has been able to celebrate the return of its independence so brutallysnuffed ____ in 1940.III. Multiple choice1.Queen Victoria________over Britain from 1837 to 1901.a. ruledb. reignedc. governed2.No one will be________in the selection of the team.a. overlookedb. neglectedc. ignored3.Wearing scarves and hats which________their allegiance, the football fansflooded into the bar.a. proclaimedb. bespokec. attested4.It’s my personal_________that all rapists should be locked away for life.a. attitudeb. beliefc. conviction5.The minister’s statement is unclear and open to________.a. misinterpretationb. misconceptionc. miscommunication6.I applied for a job as a mechanic in a local garage, but I was________.a. rejectedb. declinedc. defied7.He________ the return of capital punishment.a. defendsb. advocatesc. backs8.I don’t want to________her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.a. reduceb. diminishc. decrease9. She has a very warm ________.a. characterb. dispositionc. personality10.I have to________(that) when I first met Ian I didn’t think he was very bright.a. acknowledgeb. admitc. confess11.The glass________into a thousand tiny pieces.a. shatteredb. brokec. cracked12. She attributes her record-breaking speed to the length of her________.a. paceb. stridec. gait13. ________dictates that it is the man who asks the woman to marry him and notthe reverse.a. Traditionb. Customc. convention14. Senators and cabinet members were called in to discuss how to________ thePresident’s new foreign policy.a. effectb. implementc. activate15. I________all forms of racism.a. abhorb. dislikec. depise。
英语语言学练习题(8页)
Linguistics supplementary exercisesChapter 1 IntroductionⅠ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences.9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not inisolation, but in context.14. Social changes can often bring about language changes.15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.19. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language.20. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:21. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k__________ of the rules of his language.22. Langue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.23. D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.24. Language is a system of a_________ vocal symbols used for human communication.25. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s________.26. Human capacity for language has a g_______ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.27. P _______ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.28. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a________ linguistics. 29. Language is p___________ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.30. Linguistics is generally defined as the s _______ study of language.Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:31. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _______.A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptiveD. linguistic32. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Meaningfulness33. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _______.A. primaryB. correctC. secondaryD. stable34. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _______.A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyedC. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongueD. All of the above35. A historical study of language is a _______ study of language.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. prescriptiveD. comparative36. Saussure took a(n) _______ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language froma ________ point of view.A. sociological…psychologicalB. psychological…sociologicalC. applied…pragmaticD.semantic…linguistic37. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. Language38. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _______ and meanings.A. senseB. soundsC. objectsD. ideas39. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _______,A. displacementB. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural transmission40. The details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next through _______, rather than by instinct.A. learningB. teachingC. booksD. both A and BⅣ. Define the following terms:41. Linguistics 42. Phonology 43. Syntax 44. Pragmatics 45.Psycholinguistics46. Language 47. Phonetics 48. Morphology 49. Semantics 50. Sociolinguistics51. Applied Linguistics52. Arbitrariness53. Productivity54. Displacement55. Duality 56. Design Features 57. Competence 58. Performance 59. Langue 60. ParoleⅤ. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examples for illustration if necessary:61. Language is generally defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human commu- nication. Explain it in detail.62. What are the design features of human language? Illustrate them with examples.63. How is modern linguistics different from traditional grammar?64. How do you understand the distinction between a synchronic study and a diachronic study?65. Why does modern linguistics regard the spoken form of language as primary, not the written?66. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole?67. How do you understand competence and performance?68. Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole seems similar to Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance. What do you think are their major differences?69. Do you think human language is entirely arbitrary? Why?Chapter 2 PhonologyⅠ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.2. If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary distribution.3. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.4. English is a tone language while Chinese is not.1. 语言的普遍特征：任意性arbitrariness 双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构多产性productivity移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西文化传播性cultural transmission2。
新概念英语第二册第一课(包含课文、练习及答案)
新概念英语二 Lesson 1Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did the writer complain to the people behind him?Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.‘It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. ‘This is a private conversation!'New words and expressions 生词和短语private adj. 私人的 conversation n. 谈话theatre n. 剧场，戏院 seat n. 座位play n. 戏 loudly adv. 大声地angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地attention n. 注意 actor. n男演员turn. vi 转身 bear（bore, borne） v. 容忍business n. 事 rudely adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地Note on the text 课文注释1 go to the theatre, 去看戏。
Supplementary Exercises for English Lexicology (Chapter 2)
Chapter 2: The Development of the English Vocabulary▪Choose the best answer that would complete the statement among the four alternatives.1.The Indo-European language family accordingly fall into ____ principle groups,which can be grouped into an Eastern set and Western set.A. eightB. sixC. fiveD. several2.In the Eastern set, ____ and ____ are each the only modern language respectively.A. Italic, GermanicB. Albanian, ArmenianC. Celtic, HellenicD. Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian3.All these languages have some influence on English to a greater or lesser extentbecause each has ____ the English vocabulary.A. borrowed words fromB. enlarged words toC. decreased words toD. lent words into4.Indo-Iranian comprises the modern languages except ____ .A. PersianB. BengaliC. Hindi, RomanyD. Polish5.In the growth of present-day English vocabulary, there are three main sources ofnew words, the rapid development of modern science and technology, social, economic and political changes and the influence of ____ .A. the educational systemB. other cultures and languagesC. the government systemD. the society changes6.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is____ .A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above7.Old English vocabulary was essentially with a number of borrowings from Latinand Scandinavian.A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenic8.Old English has a vocabulary of about ____ words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,0009.Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,5000 words of ____ inthe Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin▪Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook.1.The language used between 450 and 1150 is called ____ English.2.Words of old English were full of ____ .3.Old English has a vocabulary of about ____ to ____ words.4.Old English was a highly ____ language just like modern German.5.The first peoples known to inhabit the British Isles were ____. Their languageswere ____ .6.Old English was influenced by Latin, ____ and Danish.7.By the end of the ____ century, English gradually came back into the schools, thelaw courts, and government and regained social status.8.Between 1250 and 1500 about ____ words of French origin poured into English.____ percent of them are still in sue today.9.Modern English vocabulary grow through three major channels: ____ , semanticchange and ____ .10.____ refers to the formation of new words by using roots, affixes and otherelements.11.____ means an old form which taken on a new meaning to meet the new need.12.____ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion on modern times.13.Reviving archaic or ____ words also contributes to the growth of Englishvocabulary though quite insignificant.14.The language used in the English between 450 and 1150 is ____ .▪Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1.Modern English began with the Renaissance.2.Considering the changes in vocabulary, modern English can be divided into twostates.3.During the Renaissance, enormous numbers of Latin words became part ofEnglish vocabulary.4.Modern English is a synthetic language.5.Borrowing remained the most important channel of vocabulary expansion in latemodern English.▪Define the following terms.1.Old English:▪Question and answer.1.Why do we say “English is a heavy borrower”? Please justify it.。
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Supplementary exercises for Chapter 1I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2.Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences.9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context.14.Social changes can often bring about language changes.15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.19 Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language.20. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.21. Modern linguistics seeks to dictate proper linguistic usage.II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:22. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k__________ of the rules of his language.ngue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. 24.D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.nguage is a system of a_________ vocal symbols used for human communication.26. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s________.27. Human capacity for language has a g ____ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.28. P ____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.29. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a________ linguistics.nguage is p___________ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.31. Linguistics is generally defined as the s ____ study of language.32. Language shows its m__________ function when it is used to explain the meaning of a piece of language.III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.33. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _____.A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptiveD. linguistic34.Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Meaningfulness35. Modern linguistics regards the written language as ________.A. primaryB. correctC. secondaryD. stable36. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _______.A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongueD. All of the above37. A historical study of language is a ____ study of language.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. prescriptiveD. comparative38. Saussure took a (n)_____ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a ____ point of view.A. sociological…psychologicalB. psycholog ical…sociologicalC. applied… pragmaticD.semantic and linguistic39. According to F. de Saussure, ____ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. Language40. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _________ and meanings.A. senseB. soundsC. objectsD. ideas41. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called_______,A. displacementB. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural transmission42. The details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next through ____ , rather than by instinct.A. learningB. teachingC. booksD. both A and B43. According to the Russian born linguist R. Jakobson, language displays its ____ function when it is used to express the addressor’s attitude to the topic or situation of communication.A. emotiveB. conativeC. referentialD. Poetic44. The phatic communion function of language identified by R. Jakobson is roughly equivalent to the ____ function of language identified by M.A.K. Halliday.A. socialB. ideationalC. interpersonalD. textualIV. Define the following terms:45. Linguistics46. Phonology47. Syntax48. Pragmatics49. Psycholinguistics50. Language51. Phonetics52. Morphology53. Semantics54. Sociolinguistics55. Applied Linguistics56. Arbitrariness57 Productivity58. Displacement59.Duality60. Design Features61. Competence62. Performance63. Langue64. Parole65. Conative function66. Referential function67. Phatic communion68. Metalinguistic functionV. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examples for illustration if necessary:69. Language is generally defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Explain it in detail.70. What are the design features of human language? Illustrate them with examples.71. How is modern linguistics different from traditional grammar?72. How do you understand the distinction between a synchronic study and a diachronic study?73. Why does modern linguistics regard the spoken form of language as primary, not the written?74. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole?75. How do you understand competence and performance ?76. Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole seems similar to Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance. What do you think are their major differences?77. Do you think human language is entirely arbitrary? Why?78. Analyze how the three macrofunctions identified by the British linguist M. A. K. Halliday arerealized by the underlined part of the following utterance: “We have sent people there for investigation of the incident. So, sir, you needn’t worry.”。