专业外语-通信网络 第12讲

就测量的精度和速度而论，似乎还没有其他技术能与激 光相比。（副词变名词)
科技英语翻译基本技巧
3．增词法
[例8] The letter I stands for the current in amperes，E the
electromotive force in volts，and R the reE代表电动势的伏特，R代表电阻的 欧姆。(增补原文中的省略成分)
科技英语翻译基本技巧
[例14] The progress made in recent years both at home and abroad
in the development of apparatus capable of generating ultra-highfrequency electromagnetic waves whose wave length is a few centimeters has opened up a wholly new field of research in which for the first time the dimensions of one's apparatus are of the same order of magnitude as the wave length of the generated of received waves. 本句中progress做主语，谓语是open up，宾语是field。 近年来，国内外已制成能产生波长仅有数厘米的超高频电磁波 的仪器。这一发展开辟了一个全新的研究领域，使仪器的尺寸 第一次与它产生或接收的电磁波的波长处于同一个数量级。
Vocabulary
untwist v.拆开(搓合的绳,线等), 解开 双绞线
twisted pair
attenuation
n.变薄, 稀薄化, 变细, 衰减
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) 非对称用 户数字线
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This section discusses the following key innovations in computer or data networks: organization of data in packets, packet switching, the Internet Protocol hierarchy, multiple access methods, and service integration. A serial link is often used to attach a computer to a modem . A modem, or modulator-demodulator, transmits data by converting bits into tones that can be transported by the telephone network as if they were voice signals. The receiving modem then converts these tones back into bits, thus enabling two computers with compatible modems to communicate over the telephone network as if they were directly connected by a serial link. In 1999 most modem run at a speed of 28,800 bps. Modems conforming to the new V. 90 standard can transmit 56,000 bps in the downstream direction.
center，of an atom． 正如我们所知，电子围绕原子核旋转。(nucleus与center表 同一意思，所以省略翻译)
科技英语翻译基本技巧
5．次序调整
[例12] Then came the development of the microcomputer．
后来，微型计算机发展起来了。
because of the specialized contexts in which it is used and because of the specialized interests of scientists and engineers．
Vocabulary
packet n.小包裹, 小捆v.包装,信息包
protocol n.草案, 协议
multiple access 多路存取[访问] ; 多元联结, 多址方式,
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The synchronous transmission standards were introduced in the 1970s to increase the transmission rate and the usable length of transmission links. These standards are known as SDLC (Synchronous Data Link Control). A number of standards are based on SDLC, including HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control). LAPB (Link Access Procedure B), LAPD, and LAPM. The main idea of SDLC is to avoid the time wasted by RS-232-C caused by gaps between successive characters. To eliminate that lost time, SDLC groups many data bits into packets. A packet is a sequence of bits preceded by a special bit pattern called the header and followed by another special bit pattern called the trailer. The number of bits in a packet may be fixed or variable.
科技英语翻译基本技巧
1．词义选择
大多数英语单词都是多义词，但每个单词在特定句子 中只能有一种含义，这样句意才不会模棱两可 。 [例1] Scientific discoveries and inventions have often been translated rapidly into practical devices.
Text Tour
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A new technology for transmission of data over untwisted or twisted pair cable for distances up to 4000 m will displace ISDN. The technology uses existing telephone subscriber lines in a manner similar to ISDN. Although the telephone voice channel is limited to a manner similar to a bandwidth of 3 kHz, the twisted pair cable itself which connects to the central office has a bandwidth of more than 1 MHz, limited by signal attenuation and noise. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) service now offered by the telephone companies can provide up to 1.5 Mbps or more downstream (to the home) and up to 1.5 Mbps upstream (from the home), in addition to regular analog telephone service. It is estimated that 60% of subscriber loops in the United States can support the ADSL technology.
科技英语翻译基本技巧
2．转换法
在忠实于原文、符合汉语习惯的前提下，英语译成汉语 时，词类、句子成分，以及修饰词等都可按需变更。
[例4] Television is the transmission and reception of images of
moving objects by radio waves． 电视是通过无线电波发送和接收移动物体图像的。(名词变 动词)
科学的发现和发明，常常迅速变成实用器件。(translate不能译 为“翻译”)
科技英语翻译基本技巧
[例2] Nanometer electronics is now in its infancy． 纳米电子学正处于发展的初级阶段。(词义引申) [例3] With transistors this equipment can be made much smaller and more lovely. 有了晶体管，这种设备可以制造得更加小巧玲珑。(借用 成语)
[例9] The signal-to-noise ratio is determined by the strength of
the aerial signal and also by the amount of noise produced in the first stage of receiver． 信噪比取决于天线信号的强弱，也取决于接收机第一级噪 声的大小。(补充省略的动词)