2014年河南大学806微观经济学、宏观经济学考研试题(回忆版)
2014年806宏微观经济学真题
厦门大学2014年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码：806科目名称：宏、微观经济学招生专业：经济学院、公共政策研究院、南洋研究院、台湾研究院各相关专业《微观经济学》（共80分）一、名词解释（总分16分每小题各4分）1.边际产量递减2.垄断竞争3.三级价格歧视4.科斯定理二、简答题（总分24分每小题各8分）1.什么是吉芬商品(Giffen good)、低档商品(Inferior good)？二者有何关系？2.假设你是一名雇主，假定其它要素投入短期无法增加，要招聘新的员工，目的是增加产量。
对最后一名雇员，在平均产量和劳动的边际产量中，你更关心什么？如果你发现平均产量开始下降，你会雇佣更多的工人吗？这种情况的出现意味着你刚雇佣的工人的边际产量如何？（请用图说明）3.A（15，15），B（14，20），C（13，23），D（14，14）四个市场篮子，每个篮子的第一个坐标值表示食品的数量，第二个坐标值表示衣服的数量。
消费者对A、B、C三个篮子同样喜欢，当A、D两个篮子可供选择时，消费者更加喜欢D；当C、D进行选择时，消费者更加喜欢C；B、D进行选择时，消费者无从选择。
请分析该消费者的偏好违反了偏好的哪些基本假定？说明你的依据。
三、计算证明题（总分20分每小题各10分）1.某消费者的效用函数为U=，商品X1和X2的价格为p1和p2，收入为y。
（1）假设商品X1和X2的价格为1和2 ，该消费者收入y=100.求该消费者对两种商品的需求量。
（2）若商品X1价格升至2，即此时,该消费者收入不变。
求此价格变化对商品产生的替代效应和收入效应。
2.甲企业的产品在市场上占据垄断地位，该企业有两个工厂都能生产这种产品，其成本函数为，。
甲企业估计其短期面临的产品需求曲线为，请问：甲企业在各个工厂应该生产多少？其将获得多少利润？四、分析题（总分20分每小题各10分）1.假设政府要提高农民收入。
对社会来说，价格支持或限耕方案比直接发钱给农民的成本大吗，为什么？（用图说明）2.阅读以下材料，并运用微观经济学知识加以分析评论。
2014年中央财经大学803经济学综合考研历年真题答案与详解
2014年中央财经大学803经济学综合考研历年真题答案与详解第一部分微观经济学（75分）一、名词解释（每小题3分，共12分）替代效应【分析】考查对斯勒茨基替代效应的理解，注意是由商品相对价格变动引起的需求量的变动，一定为非正的。
【圣才答案】由商品的价格变动所引起的商品相对价格的变动，进而由商品的相对价格变动所引起的商品需求量的变动，称为替代效应。
替代效应一定是非正的。
在绝大部分情况下，替代效应是负的，即由替代效应引起的需求变动方向总是与价格变动的方向相反：如果价格上升，由替代效应引起的需求就会下降；如果价格下降，由替代效应引起的需求就会上升。
经济租金【分析】此名词较难理解，注意结合例子说明。
此时要素收入减去次优用途上的收入，剩余部分为经济租金。
【圣才答案】经济租金指支付给生产要素的报酬超出为获得该要素而必须支付的最低报酬的部分。
经济租=要素收入－机会成本（次优用途上的收入）。
目前总的趋势是把它看成是由于不同体制、权力和组织设置而获得的“超额利润”。
经济租金是指基于经济权力而产生的租。
如图1-1所示，假定产品价格为，则厂商将生产，不变投入要素贡献的“利润”就表示为图1-1中的方框面积，这块面积就是经济租金。
图1-1经济租金-租金=0或者：租金=可以看出，正是经济租金的存在使得利润趋于零。
例如，一块土地可能被所有者以每年30000美元租给一家商业建立工厂或者以每年20000美元租给一个农民放牛。
在所有者把土地租给企业建立工厂的情况下，租金是30000美元，但是经济租是10000美元，即30000美元减去土地次优使用时的20000美元。
福利经济学第二定理【分析】对福利经济学第二定理的考查，注意前提条件是性状良好的消费者偏好。
【圣才答案】福利经济学第二定理：给定性状良好（连续的、凸的、严格单调的）的消费者偏好，任何一个帕累托最优配置都可以从适当的初始配置出发，通过完全竞争市场来实现，即效率与均衡问题。
也就是说，帕累托最优可以通过瓦尔拉斯式的竞争性均衡来实现。
河南大学研究生英语听力考试全部
河南大学研究生英语听力考试全部第一篇：河南大学研究生英语听力考试全部Unit1 News:Outrageous shopping bills are a familiar nightmare for many compulsive shoppers．And contrary to the popular opinion，men suffer that nightmare nearly as often as women．A new survey finds that both genders are almost equally likely to suffer compulsive buying disorder, a condition marked by uncontrollable, unnecessary and unaffordable shopping sprees.Researchers used to estimate that between 2 and 16 percent of the US population suffered compulsive buying disorder, and that 90 percent of sufferers were female.But a 2004 telephone survey of more than 2,500 American adults found that 6 percent of women and about 5.5 percent of men are compulsive shoppers;that's more than 1 in 20 adults.The sexes do not shop at the same aisles though.Experts say that women are more likely to binge buy things like clothes or gilts for other people, while men tend to buy expensive electronics.This survey is the first to find such a high number of compulsive shoppers in the general population.Study authors hope that this finding can convince doctors of how many people are hurt by the disorder, so they can make finding a cure a priority.I'm Bill Blakemore in New York.S.C.1.W: Do you have a hobby, Kevin?M: Yes.Sure.I have more than one hobby.W: And do you agree that some hobbies are good while some are bad7 M: Well, in my opinion, yes.Good hobbies are those that give you the opportunity to develop new skills.Bad hobbies, on the other hand, may result in bad habits.Q: What does Kevin say about hobbies? A)He has only one hobby and no bad hobbies.B)He thinks he can learn skills from good hobbies.C)Hehas both bad hobbies and good ones.D)He thinks one can tam bad hobbies into good ones.2.W: Wow, Stephen, your collection of coins is really amazing.You must be proud o f it.M: Yes.They are ray babies.Collecting these has taught me a lot.It teaches me to be systematic and careful, because I need to sort the coins according to their value and dates.W: And that's why you're a good accountant.Q: What can you learn about Stephen?A)Stephen is good at taking account of everything.B)Stephen's babies are interested in collecting coins.C)Stephen learns to be systematic from his hobby.D)Stephen collects coins because they are valuable.3.W: Did you go fishing today? M: Yes.By the lake, all by myself W: But Roy, every tame you go out fishing, you come back with an empty bag.Why not give it up or try something else, like basketball?M: No.Carol, you don't understand.Fishing makes me happy, because I love sitting alone and doing nothing at all.Q: What can be learned from the conversation? A)Roy often empties his bag when he returns home.B)Roy is trying to persuade Carol to go fishing with h im.C)Roy is only interested in catching fish.D)Roy’s real interest in fishing is sitting alone and doing nothing.4.W: Harry, have you heard about a 44-year-old farmer from the village whose hobby is to make machines?M: Yes, Tina.l know he is the inventor and the “father” of the robots in his village.His high-tech products really bring lots of benefits to his family and neighbours.W: The most impressive thing is, while making robots, he has suffered two major disasters.One explosion nearly destroyed his two fingers, and a fire burnt all his belongings.M: And the idea of giving up never occurs to him.Actually, that's the part that touches me most.Q: What impresses Harry and Tina most? A)The farmer makes robotswithout much knowledge about high-tech.B)The farmer has held on to his hobby even though he met with great difficulties.C)The farmer's hobby has brought great changes to his village.D)The farmer started his hobby at the age of 44.5.M: Marilyn, have you thought about this question? Among all the evil addictions, which is the worst?W: Addiction is addiction, no matter what it is.Drugs, alcohol, smoking, or gambling.And don't forget the Internet.Any addiction comes with pain and sadness.So my answer to your question is, all of them.M: I can't agree.You see, drug addicts don't get much sympathy.Drugs destroy health, family, feelings, and friendships.It makes you live like trash.That's the worst.W: Daniel, any addiction may lead to that.Q: What's Marilyn's attitude towards various addictions? A)She thinks drug addiction is the most dangerous.B)She thinks Internet addiction is the most harmful.C)She thinks addictions that make you trash are the worst.D)She thinks every addiction is as bad as the other.Unit2 S.C.1.W: Can we really afford a holiday? We're paying for this house and we have a loan for the furniture.M: Listen.You work hard and I work hard.We're not talking about whether we can have a vacation.We're talking about where and when.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A)A Husband and wife.B)Customer and salesman.C)Father and daughter.D)Co-workers.2.W: You look tired.Why not take a vacation for a change?M: A vacation for a change? Don't you know “no man needs a vacation so much as the man who has just had one”?Q: What does the man mean? A)No one needs a vacation as much as he does.B)He has just had one.C)A vacation is incredibly good for a change.D)A vacation is even more exhausting 3.W:I’ve packed clothes, toiletries, a sleep mask and a camera, is there anything special I have to take?M: Oh I’ll give you a list of necessities to take.Of course, the coach space is limited.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? A)The woman is preparing presents for her coach B)The woman is packing for her coach.C)The woman is packing for a visit to her coach.D)The woman is packing for her bus tour.4.W: What kind of holiday have you had? M: Terrible.Quite, quite terrible.We certainly won't go on a bus tour again.W: What exactly was the matter? M: The bus itself for a start.It was so old and battered.The only place it was fit for was a museum.Q: What do you learn from the conversation? A)The bus should be kept in the museum.B)The bus was too worn out and uncomfortable.C)The man was taken to only one place to see the sight.D)The bus was too old to be started.5.W: What's the time for your flight? M: I will leave Tokyo on May 21 at 5:30 p.m.on Northwest Airlines Flight 255.It will arrive in Hong Kong SAR at 8:35 p.m.W: I'll meet you at the airport.Q: How long is the flight from Tokyo to Hong Kong SAR? A)3 hours or so.B)9 hours or so.C)21 hours or so.D)5 hours or so.Unit3 Reporter:In Vail, Arizona, a new school with a new idea: no textbooks.White other students might be reading books, Empire students will read on their laptops.Jeremy Gypton, a history teacher at Empire High School in Vail, Arizona.Mr.Gypton, tell us about the assignment that you've already given, that might otherwise have involved a textbook，but in this case involves a computer.Mr.Gypton: Well, with the, with history I try to use as many primary source documents as possible.I actually just recently had my students, studying...my American History students, studying the French-Indian War and its impact.And thatsort of document is just not available in a traditional textbook, I would ha ve to say, “Go online or go to a library and find a copy”, whereas with the laptops and with the resources they're using, they have immediate access to it.Reporter: What's the point here? Is it to get Io primary sources or is it to use a medium that youngsters today are more familiar with? How do you, how do you describe what you arc doing'? Mr.Gypton: When it comes to our, I guess, our reasoning, these are the students who've grown up with the computer, with the Internet, er, as, as kind of organic to their environment.It's not an add-on, like it, like it was to me.And this is normal for them.And so, limiting them, by like sort of a traditional, maybe thousand page textbook is, from their perspective, I think a little bit abnormal, because they are used to being able to reach out, and view one topic from 20 different angles, as opposed to just the one angle that a textbook would present.Reporter: Jeremy Gypton, thank you very much for talking with you.Mr.Gypton: Thanks so much for your time.S.C.1.W: Mr.Williams, where did you receive your Bachelor's degree in engineering? M: From Iowa University.And I am now working on my Master's.That's part of the reason I applied for this position.W: Oh, that's a good engineering college.You have very impressive qualifications.Q: What's the man doing? A)He is taking an entrance examination.B)He is working as an engineer.C)He is receiving his Bachelor's degree.D)He is at a job interview.2.W: Mr.Carlson, I tried to memorize the script but i keep forgetting the lines.I'm worried I might be a burden to the cast if l keep forgetting them during the rehearsals.M: Look, Jane, you will be just fine if you stop putting so much pressure on yourself.Practice makes perfect, and I'm sure you will get them in no time.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? A)Hesuggests the woman keep trying until she gets it right.B)He suggests the woman take a break.C)He suggests he may be able to help her practice her lines.D)He suggests that the woman give up if she is always having these problems.3.W: I'm going to Professor Wilson's office to ask for his help.Do you want to join in? M: I tell you what.I'll study in the lab by myself, and see how it goes.Self-education!Don't you remember what the instructor has always suggested?“ W: Yes, but that's f or advanced learners.We are still at the intermediate level!Q: What does the woman advise the man to do?A)To ask for help from advanced learners.B)To receive assistance from the teacher.C)To study by himself in the lab.D)To join in at the intermediate level.4.M: How long has your husband been studying Chinese culture? W: Him? Forever.He has been totally caught up in it since high school when we first met.M: No kidding!So many years!W: He always says one is never too old to learn.Q: What can you learn about the woman's husband? A)He has been teaching in high school for a long time.B)He is completely lost in a foreign culture.C)He thinks he will never get old.D)He wants to keep learning all his life.5.M: Education is of no use to us.Look, I've got a great idea---we can form a new school of artistic movement.W: You must have lost your mind.Artists usually get rich after they die, I mean, it's an accumulation stuff M: Trust me, that way we will be rich and famous in two years.W: There's a mental clinic around the comer down the street.Q: What does the woman mean? A)It will take them many years to get rich and famous.B)There's a new school of artistic movement around the comer.C)The man's idea is not feasible at all.D)The man has gone mentally insane.Unit 4 News: Beijing Opera is largely seen as a dying art in China.Louisa Lirawants to introduce us to an unlikely new champion for Chinese opera.He's a British man who has devoted more than a decade to bringing Chinese opera to new audiences.Ghaffar: And I saw a Beijing Opera in London in 1993.And that just shocked me.It really moved me.Louisa: Ghaffar Pourazar is British, born to Iranian Azeri parents.At the age of 32, he gave up his life as a computer animator and enrolled in a Beijing Opera school, drawn by the difficulty of mastering this art form.Ghaffar: And there is no other culture which has put that much discipline into training the perfect performer.That is what the Beijing Opera is about, the perfect performer.Louisa: On stage, the actors not only act, they sing and dance at the same time as performing heart-stopping feats of acrobatics and sword fighting.Once the show begins, it's clear that Pourazar has taken a Chinese classic and made it his own.The cast is partly non-Chinese.And there's a lot of explanation in English.The story is the much-loved legend of the Monkey King, a mischievous monkey ham from a stone, who learns supernatural skills and uses them to challenge the emperor of heaven.Pourazar is the multilingual monkey.(Singing)Ghaffar: It's within the rules of the art form that you perform for that audience.What I have done is, by taking it to London, to change the spoken parts into English.And that's, that's within the rules of the opera.(Singing)Louisa: That even means adding a bit of comedy rap opera to the mix.(Singing)Louisa: And this hybrid bilingual opera wins good reviews from both Western and Chinese audience members.A Man: And that's really Chinese stuff, expressing the more acceptable way.So it'll be more popular.Louisa: But the popularity of Beijing Opera is fading fast, with young Chinese audiences turning to karaoke, DVDs and the Internet.Much to Pourazar'ssorrow.S.C.1.M: What channel do you watch on TV?W: I watch mainly news programmes mid classic movies.I hate commercials.There is a lot more advertising than there used to be.M: Nowadays, whatever you're doing in your daily life, it's quite difficult to get away from ads in one tbrm or another.They're all around you!Advertising has always been part of our life.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? A)The woman is unhappy about too many advertisements on TV.B)The man is complaining about difficulties in his daily life.C)The woman is very interested in the advertisements around her.D)The man dislikes TV advertisements as the woman does.2.W: Excuse me.Can you tell me what your lecture is about? M: Oh, I'm going to lecture on photography of cities.W: Is that about architectural styles of various buildings? M: Well, not exactly.The theme in my photography is ”the history contained in cities“.I spend quite a large amount of time trying to depict life in the city, trying to build a history of cities visually.Q: What is file man interested in?A)He is interested in the progress of architecture.B)He is interested in writing the history of cities.C)He is interested in the history of cities shown in pictures.D)He is interested in giving lectures on photography.3.W: Hey, listen to this interesting quiz: ”When the host introduces you to a group of people at a party, what's your typical meet-and-greet smile? Are your ]ips closed over your teeth, or with lips open and teeth revealed?“ M: What? What kind of quiz is that? W: It's a quiz about your character by testing your body language.My Chinese friend did the quiz, and her answer shows she is a shy and withdrawn person.M: I wonder whether that works for us Englishmen.Q: What is the quiz about? A)It is about how to give appropriate smiles at parties.B)It is about how to overcome shyness in sociallife.C)It is about cultural differences between English and Chinese people.D)It is about personality evident in an individual’s gestures.4.M: I really don't understand why Jerry was so cold yesterday when I came to his office, I know I was late.But it was only 20 minutes.W: Well, that's your problem.Jerry is a typical American.He must feel slighted and think you are a rude person.M: In my country, it's normal to be late by 30 minutes.W: But you are not in Brazil now.Q: What do you know about the man? A)The man is a Brazilian.B)The man makes a habit of being late.C)The man has a bad temper.D)The man is rude to his friends.5.W: Hi, Frank, have you just been to your kung fu class? With your.Chinese friends? M: Yes.It's amazing.Speed, power, balance and timing, that's kung fut.We strike with the fist, hand, the elbow, the knee, the foot, the heel, and the bottom.W: So, does that mean you are so tough that nobody can beat you in a right?M: I don't do it for righting, but for exercise.I do this martial art in a gym, not on a battlefield.Q: Why does the man takes a kung fu class? A)He wants to make his body stronger.B)He wants to get the upper hand in a fight.C)He wants to make friends with people in class.D)He wants to learn more about Chinese culture.Unit 5 News: Christopher Reeve: 1996 Democratic National Convention Address Thank you very, very much.Well, I just have to start with a challenge to the President: Sir, I have seen your train go by, and I think I can beat it.I'll even give you a head start.And over the last few years we have heard a lot about something ca lled ”family values“.And like many of you, I have struggled to figure out what that means.And since my accident, I've found a definition that seems to make sense.I think it means that we’re all family.And that we all have value.Now, if that's true,if America really is a family, then we have to recognize that many members of our family are hurting.And just to take one aspect of it, one in five of us has some kind of disability.You may have an aunt with Parkinson's disease, a neighbor with a spinal cord injury, or a brother with AIDS, and if we're really committed to this idea of family, we've got to do something about it.Now first of all, our nation cannot tolerate discrimination of any kind.And that's why the Americans with Disabilities Act is so important It must be honored everywhere.It is a Civil Rights Law that is tearing down barriers, both in architecture and in attitude.Its purpose its purpose is to give the disabled access not only to buildings but to every opportunity in society.Now, I strongly believe our nation must give its full support to the caregivers who are helping people with disabilities live independent lives.S.C.1.W: Mark, what’s wrong with you? You look so tired.M: Oh, the party was so exciting, I couldn't go to sleep after that.Alice, 1 expected to see you at the party yesterday.W: If I had known that you were going, I would have gone.Q: What do we know about the woman'?A)She didn’t go to the party yesterday.B)She didn't remember seeing the man at the party.C)She left the party before the man arrived.D)She didn't want to see the man.2.M: Hi, Morn.This is Jack.I just got back from the Grand Canyon.The trip was really gorgeous!W: Did you have to wait very long before the plane took off? M: No sooner had we got on the plane than the engine started.Q: What does the man mean? A)They didn't have enough time to get their seals on the plane.B)The pilot had trouble starting rite engine.C)The engine started as soon as they got on the plane.D)They were delayed at the airport.3.M: Professor, could I arrange to take a make-up exam? I won't be able to come to clam on the day of the test.W: And why is that, Jason? M:Well...my dad's having surgery that day, and I want to be there at the hospital.W: Oh, I'm sorry to hear that.I hope it all goes well.Certainly, we can work something out about the exam.Q: What does the woman mean? A)Jason will have to work a little harder.B)She's certain he can work on something else.C)Jason can take the test on another day.D)Jason can skip the test and won't have to make it up.4.M: They called me this morning saying that they couldn't hire me.You know that's nay fourth interview this month.I'm beginning to think nobody will employ me.W: Come on T om, you just have to be patient.M: It's just so hard to be positive when I keep getting doors slammed in my face all the time.W: I know how you feel.But keep your chin up.The next job you go for could be the one.Q: What does the woman imply?A)Come on time and you could be employed next time.B)Be positive about people slamming doors in your face.C)Cheer up and you would be able to get a job soon.D)Keep your chin up and be proud of yourself.5.M: is the last time I will drive your mother anywhere!I've never met a worse back at driver in my life!W: Honey, Mum's been nervous just getting behind a wheel ever since that guy ran into her.M: That doesn't give her the fight to criticize my driving the whole way!Honestly!Next you need to take your mother somewhere, do me a favor and drive her yourself, Q: Why was the man annoyed? A)He had a worse driver in the back seat of his car.B)He got wit nervous when sitting behind the wheel C)He cannot drive the mother anywhere next time.D)He was criticized by the woman’s mother all the way.Unit 6Acid Rain Damage from acid rain is widespread not just in eastern North America, but throughout Europe, Japan, China, and Southeast Asia.Is the rain that's falling on your umbrella acidic?A listener's question on today's ”Earth and Sky“.JB: This is ”Earth and Sky“.with a question from Sandra Renee of Olive Hill, Kentucky.She asks, ”How do you know when it rains that it's not acid rain, and what exactly acid rain'?“ DB: Sandr a, you need a pH meter to reliably measure the acidity of rain or snow.But in certain parts of the US--especially in the Northeast--you can probably assume that most rain will be at least somewhat acidic.Westerly winds move pollutants eastward, so the eastern US gets more acid rain.JB: Acid rain happens when airborne acids fail down to earth in rain.Electrical utility plants plaints that bum fossil fuels emit chemicals into the atmosphere that react with water and other chemicals in the air to form sulfuric acid, nitric acid--the ”acid“ in acid rain You don't have to live next door to a power plant to get showered by acid rain.The~ acid pollutants reach high into the atmosphere and can travel with wind currents for hundreds of kilometers.DB: The acids in acid rain are corrosive chemicals that leach nutrients from the soil slow the growth of trees, poison lakes and combine with other chemicals to form urban smog.The simplest way to curtail acid rain is to use less energy from fossil fuels.JB: Special thanks today to the Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation, a private foundation dedicated to advancing research and education in the chemical sciences.We're Block Byrd for ”Earth and Sky".S.C.1.W: Did you know that we waste hundreds of gallons of water every day, simply because people don't turn off their taps properly? M: The problem is that people can't see that by turning off their taps, or switching off a light in their house, they are saving gallons of water and hundreds of trees.Q: What is mainly talked about in this dialogue?A)How to turn off taps properly.B)How to save water every day.C)How to switch off light in the house.D)How to protect waterand trees in nature.2.M: I think government should do whatever is necessary to create more wild animal preserves.They should raise money through environmental awareness campaigns.W: Maybe people could make voluntary contributions when they file their taxes.M: That's a good idea.That way whoever wants to contribute can, but it's not obligatory Q: What does the man mean? A)It is a good idea to set up more wild animal preserves.B)It is necessary to raise money through awareness campaigns.C)It is a good idea for people to make voluntary contributions.D)It is people's obligation to contribute money.3.W: I heard about the tornado on the radio in Texas.M: Was it as bad as the one in Louisiana? W: It was much worse.A hundred people were killed.M: That's twice as many people.Q: What do we know about the tornado in Louisiana? A)Louisiana tornado was as terrible as the one in Texas.B)Louisiana tornado killed 50 people.C)Louisiana tornado killed 200 people.D)Louisiana tornado was much worse than the one in Texas.4.W: 1 sincerely Peel that animals should not be used for research purpose.M: I don't really agree, I seriously doubt that medical research could be done without animals.W: We seem to be in a dilemma to decide what to do, protect the environment or develop Q: What attitude does the man hold towards using animals for research purposes? A)He is doubtful about medical researches with animals.B)He is in agreement with the woman not to use animals in research.C)He feels it necessary to use animals in medical researches.D)He feels in a dilemma whether to protect the environment or not 5.W: Scientists say that water pollution is the biggest problem in the environment.M: Do you believe that'? W: Well, scientists base their statements on studies, don't they? What do you think is the biggest problem? M: Air pollution,because they're always talking about it in the news, aren't they? W: True, but can you always believe what they say in the news? Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? A)The two speakers agree water pollution is the biggest environmental problem.B)The two speakers think air pollution is the biggest environmental problem.C)The two speakers always believe what is talked about in the news.D)The two speakers have different opinions about the biggest pollution problem.第二篇：2014年河南大学金融研究生考试真题2014年河南大学金融研究生考试真题宏观经济学部分名词解释：1.CPI2.投资成数3.国内生产总值简答1.IS曲线的斜率为什么一般情况下为负2.试述凯恩斯货币需求理论的主要内容3.试述财政政策中自动稳定器发挥作用的原理4.利用AD-AS模型分析宽松性货币政策的影响论述试分析通货膨胀的成因微观经济学部分1.无差异曲线2.超额利润3.恩格尔定律简答题1.简述供给，供给量和供给曲线2.简述相关商品价格变化对需求曲线的影响3.简述消费者均衡与编辑原理论述题试比较分析完全竞争和完全垄断市场效应第三篇：2014年河南大学研究生考试普通生物学试题2014年河南大学研究生入学考试普通生物学试卷一、名词解释1.内孢子2.稳态3.春化作用4.消化吸收5.肌节6.HIV二、简答1.什么是三高膳食？对人体有何危害？2.体液、细胞外液与细胞内液三者之间的关系是什么？3.植物体的营养生长是如何向生殖生长转化的？4.导管和胞管是如何形成的，两者有何不同？5.细菌细胞有何特点？期主要功能是什么？6.赤潮是如何形成的？对生物圈的危害有哪些？三、论述题1.地球生命最基础的作用是什么？请解释原因。
河南大学806微观经济学、宏观经济学考研真题与模拟试题详解 (2)专业课考试试题
目 录第一部分 历年真题及详解2013年河南大学806微观经济学、宏观经济学考研真题（回忆版，非常不完整）2014年河南大学806微观经济学、宏观经济学考研真题（回忆版，不完整）2018年河南大学806微观经济学、宏观经济学考研真题（回忆版）及详解第二部分 模拟试题及详解河南大学806微观经济学、宏观经济学考研模拟试题（一）河南大学806微观经济学、宏观经济学考研模拟试题及详解（一）河南大学806微观经济学、宏观经济学考研模拟试题（二）河南大学806微观经济学、宏观经济学考研模拟试题及详解（二）河南大学806微观经济学、宏观经济学考研模拟试题（三）河南大学806微观经济学、宏观经济学考研模拟试题及详解（三）第一部分 历年真题及详解2013年河南大学806微观经济学、宏观经济学考研真题（回忆版，非常不完整）一、名词解释1供求定理2范围经济3公共品二、简答题1为什么一段时间内消费的商品减少，其边际效用会增加？2生产的三个阶段是如何划分的？为什么厂商只会在第二阶段生产？3为什么完全竞争厂商长期均衡时正好收支相抵？4解释向里弯曲的劳动供给曲线？三、论述题外部性对资源配置有何影响？如何消除外部性造成的市场失灵？2014年河南大学806微观经济学、宏观经济学考研真题（回忆版，不完整）微观经济学部分一、名词解释（3×5分）1科斯定理2资本边际效率3边际生产力递减规律二、简答题（4×10分）1简述完全竞争的条件。
2简述需求点弹性和影响需求弹性的因素。
3简述资本资产定价模型。
4简述效用可能性边界和产品可能性边界及其特点。
三、论述题（20分）“市场可以有效配置可再生资源，不能有效配置不可再生资源”，这一说法为什么是错误的？宏观经济学部分一、名词解释（3×5分）1国民生产总值2恶性通货膨胀3浮动汇率二、简答题（4×10分）1考点：菲利普斯曲线。
2考点：萨伊定律。
3考点：企业存货产生的原因。
河南大学834微观经济学、管理学2014年(回忆版)考研专业课真题试卷
一名词解释 3*5 分 1.科斯定理 2.资本边际效率 3.边际生产力递减规律
二简答 4*10 分 1.完竞争的条件 2.需求点弹性和影响需求弹性的因素 3.简述资本资产定价模型 4.效用可能性边界和产品可能性边界及其特点
三论述:20 分 "市场可以有效配置可以再生产的资源,不能有效配置不可再生资源",这一
说法为什么是错误的 宏观 一名词解释 3*5 分 1.国民生产总值 2.恶性通货膨胀 3.浮动汇率
1
二简答 4*10 分 1.菲利浦斯曲线 2.萨伊定律 3.企业存货产生的原因 4.古典二分法 三论述 20 分: 中央银行调控货币的政策工具并简述其特点
2
2014年806真题答案
2014年厦门大学西经统考试题参考答案（注：以下各题括号中页码均为《806宏微观高分攻略》中能够找到答案的对应页码）《微观经济学》一、名词解释【考题分析】名词解释的答案较为固定，如何按照一定的套路来解释名词，在《806高分攻略》中已经提及，这里不再赘述。
【参考答案】1.边际产量递减：（P20）（同：边际报酬递减规律）当使用的某种投入要素增加时，同时其他投入要素固定，最终必然会出现一点，产出的增加量减少。
例如，当劳动投入较小时（且资本固定），投入的稍稍增加可以产生专业化分工，使得产出有较大的变化。
然而当有太多的工人时，一部分工人的工作会变得缺乏效率，劳动的边际产量下降，出现边际报酬递减规律。
（注：在技术水平和其他要素投入量不变的条件下，连续等量的增加一种生产要素的投入量，当该生产要素投入量小于某一特定值时，增加该要素投入量带来的边际产量是递增的；当这种可变要素投入量连续增加并超过这一特定值时，增加该要素投入所带来的边际产量是递减的。
）2.垄断竞争：(P53)在一个自由进出的市场中，企业销售既有差异性又有高度替代性的产品。
具体地讲垄断竞争市场应具备以下两个关键特征：第一，厂商之间通过销售有差别的产品进行竞争，这些产品之间是高度可替代的但不是完全可替代的。
第二，自由进出，新厂商带着这种产品的新品牌进入市场和现有厂商在它们的产品已无利可图时退出都比较容易。
3.三级价格歧视：(P50)根据不同的需求曲线将消费者分成两组或两组以上并对每组索取不同价格的行为。
例如：常规的和特价机票；名牌和非名牌的烈酒；对老年居民和学生的折扣；优惠券。
4.科斯定理：(P77)只要产权是明确的，当各方能够无成本地讨价还价并对大家都有利时，无论产权如何界定的，最终结果将是有效率的。
科斯定理的重要意义首先在于它打破了庇古传统，提出不管权利属于谁，只要产权关系予以明确，那么私人成本和社会成本就不会背离。
它对解决外部性问题提出了一个崭新的视角。
2014年中山大学801微观经济学与宏观经济学真题详解
（3） IS LM 是产品市场与货币市场均达到均衡时候的一组利率和收入组合。当不确 定性增加时候，如图 1-6 所示， LM 曲线向上移动，使均衡产出减少，利率增加。 h 越大，即货币需求对利率越敏感， LM 曲线越接近于水平，影响效应越小；反之， h 越小，影响效应越大。 β越大，收入方差对货币需求影响越大，则 LM 曲线越接近于水平，影响效应越小；反 之，则越大。
∂πL ∂pL
当ps 给定之后，利润最大化的一阶条件为：
（3）如果三星首先选择定价，然后 LG 继续选择定价，将pL = 290 + 0.5ps 代入三星的 利润函数有： πs = ps 50000 浔 100ps + 100pL 浔 50（50000 浔 100ps + 100pL ） πs = ps 浔 50 （50000 浔 100ps + 29000 + 50ps ） πs = ps 浔 50 （79000 浔 50ps ）
承载梦想， 启航未来
2014 年中山大学 801 微观经济学与宏观经济学真题详解 微观经济学（75 分） 1．画图题（20 分，每题 5 分） （1）假定消费者的效用函数为 u x10.5 x2 ，请画出收入扩展线。 （2） 企业对员工实行等额的交通补贴或者收入补贴， 画图说明两者对员工同样的影响。 （3） 企业对员工实行等额的交通补贴或者收入补贴， 画图说明两者对员工不同的影响。 （4）市场由一个价格领导者和价格追随者构成，产品是同质的，请画图说明均衡的确 定。 答： （1）消费者效用最大化问题为：
2． （15 分）如果真实货币需求为
方差。 （1）推导货币市场均衡的 LM 曲线（4 分） （2）简要说明哪些因素如何影响 LM 曲线的斜率以及哪些因数如何移动 LM 曲线 （3）结合 IS-LM 图示说明收入不确定增加对均衡产出和利率的影响，以及该影响效应 与 越， 之间的关系。
2014年中国人民大学806应用法学(经济法部分)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2014年中国人民大学806应用法学（经济法部分）考研真题及详解第四部分经济法一、名词解释（每题5分，共20分）1．外资企业【分析】该题是对我国企业类型的考查，对于考生来说并不陌生。
答题时要明确我国外资企业的三种类型，强调其外资成分。
复习时一并记忆个人独资企业、合伙企业和公司企业。
答：外资企业，是指依照中华人民共和国法律的规定，在中国境内设立的，由中国投资者和外国投资者共同投资或者仅由外国投资者投资的企业。
外资企业是一个总的概念，包括所有含有外资成分的企业。
依照外商在企业注册资本和资产中所占股份和份额的比例不同，以及其他法律特征的不同，可将外资企业分为中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业和外资企业三种类型。
2．消费者的知悉真情权【分析】该题是对我国消费者权利的考查，是一个基础考点。
考生在答题时应首先明确该权利属于我国《消费者权益保护法》规定的消费者权利之一。
复习时要对消费者的九项权利有系统的把握，如：安全保障全、自主选择权、公平交易权、获得消费知识权。
答：消费者的知悉真情权是我国消费者法规定的消费者的九项权利之一，是指消费者享有知悉其购买、使用的商品或者接受的服务的真实情况的权利。
有权根据商品或者服务的不同情况，要求经营者提供商品的价格、产地、生产者、用途、性能、规格、等级、主要成分、生产日期、有效期限、检验合格证明、使用方法说明书、售后服务，或者服务的内容、规格、费用等有关情况。
3．存款准备金【分析】该题是对银行业金融机构存款人保护的考查，对于考生来讲耳熟能详。
答题时要对超额存款准备金有所提及，复习过程中对于银行业金融机构的设立、变更和终止，业务及基本原则，存款人的保护有所了解，以备不时之需。
答：存款准备金，是指金融机构为保证客户提取存款和资金清算需要而准备的在中央银行的存款，中央银行要求的存款准备金占其存款总额的比例就是存款准备金率。
存款准备金的比例通常是由中央银行决定的，被称为存款准备金率。
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忆版忆版））
微观
微观 一、名词解释名词解释 3*5分
1.科斯定理
2.资本边际效率
3.边际生产力递减规律
二、简答简答 4*10分
1.完全竞争的条件
2.需求点弹性和影响需求弹性的因素
3.简述资本资产定价模型
4.效用可能性边界和产品可能性边界及其特点
三、论述论述:20:20分
"市场可以有效配置可以再生产的资源,不能有效配置不可再生资源",这一说法为什么是错误的
宏观
宏观 一、名词解释3*5分
1.国民生产总值
2.恶性通货膨胀
3.浮动汇率
二、简答4*10分
1.菲利浦斯曲线
2.萨伊定律
3.企业存货产生的原因
4.古典二分法
三、论述论述 20分
中央银行调控货币的政策工具并简述其特点。