考研英语单词大全
考研英语词汇大全
一、A. 单词识记▪state 【n】状态；情况；国；州▪【v】陈述；说明；规定▪形近词▪statute n. 法令；法规▪manifestation n. 显示，表现；示威运动▪statistic n. 统计数值▪ adj. 统计的；统计学的▪statistical adj. 统计的；统计学的▪形近词▪stationary adj. 固定的；静止的；不动的▪statement n. ( 正式明确的口头或书面 ) 陈述，声明；( 意见或观点的 ) 表现，表达▪understatement n. 保守陈述；不充分▪的陈述；轻描淡写▪overstate v. 夸张，夸大地叙述▪statesman n. 政治家estate n. 房地产；身份；财产▪形近词▪devastate v. 毁灭，毁坏▪devastating adj. 毁灭性的；极具破坏力的▪workstation n.工作台▪status n. 地位；情形；状态▪近义词▪assert v. 坚称；断言；表明affirm v. 断言；肯定；证实▪public 【adj 】公众的；公共的；公开的【n】公众，民众▪形近词▪publication n. 出版；发行；出版物；发行物；公布；发布▪republican adj. 共和国的；共和政体的；▪(美国)共和党的；支持共和党的 n. 拥护共和政体者；共和主义者▪publicity n. 公众信息；宣传；公之于众的状况▪形近词▪publicize v. 公开▪publicized adj. 公开的▪publicly adv. 公共地；公开地；公众地▪词组▪in public：公开地，当众▪近义词▪mass n. 民众；大量civil adj. 公民的▪law▪【n 】法律；法令；法规；规律；定律▪形近词▪claw n. 爪；螯；钳；爪形器具▪ v. 用爪抓(或挖)▪lawful adj. 合法的；法定的；法律许可的▪lawsuit n. 诉讼；诉讼案件▪形近词▪flaw n. 瑕疵；裂纹；缺点▪ v. 使破裂；使有缺陷▪lawyer n. 律师；法学家▪近义词legislation n. 法律；法规▪mean 【v】意味着，即是；意指，意思是说；打算，意欲；意义重大【adj.】吝啬的；刻薄的；破旧的【n】平均值；平均数▪形近词▪meaning n. 意义，含义▪well-meaning adj. 善意的；好心的▪meaningless adj. 没有意义的；不重要的；无价值的meaningfully adv.有意图地；有意义地；重要地▪形近词▪means n. 方法；手段▪meanwhile adv. 同时；其间▪词组▪by means of：用；依靠▪by no means：绝不；一点也不▪同义词▪indicate v. 表明；暗示；象征；反映▪implication n. 可能引发的后果；暗示；含意▪influence▪【n】影响；感化；势力，权势▪【v】影响；感化▪形近词▪influential adj. 有影响力的；有势力的n. 影响者；有势力的人▪近义词▪impact n.碰撞；撞击；影响v.撞击；碰撞；(对……)产生影响▪Live 【v】居住；生活；生存；以……为生；留存；铭记▪【n】生命；生活【adj】活的；有生命的；现场演出的▪形近词▪alive a.活着的▪deliver v. 发表 ( 讲话)；递送；接生 ( 婴儿 )▪delivery n. 分娩；投递；讲话方式▪outlive v.比……活得长；比……经久▪形近词▪liveliness n. 活力▪livelihood n. 生计；生活▪词组▪live off▪依赖……生活，依赖▪近义词▪dwell v. 居住于；存在于▪reside v. 定居于；属于▪近义词▪survive v. 幸存；比……活得长▪survival n. 生存；幸存▪inhabit v. 居住于settle v. 使定居▪federal 【adj】联邦的▪形近词▪federation n. 联邦制国家；联邦；(社团或组织的)同盟；联盟；联合会▪词组▪FBI：联邦调查局 (Federal Bureau of Investigation)▪CIA：中央情报局 (Central Intelligence▪Agency)▪large▪【adj】大的; 广大的；大量的▪形近词▪largely adv. 主要地；大体▪上地；大量地▪enlarge v. 扩大；放大；扩充▪词组▪at large 一般；全体地；普遍地▪large▪【adj】大的; 广大的；大量的▪近义词▪bulky adj. 庞大的；体积大的▪outsize adj. 特大的▪huge adj. 庞大的▪mark▪【v】做标记；指出；标明；在( 商品 ) 上贴价格 ( 或质量等) 的标签、▪【n】痕迹；斑点；污点；记号；符号；( 考试等 ) 分数▪形近词▪market n. 市场；行情 v. 推销；营销▪marketplace n.市集；商场；市场▪marked adj. 显著的，明显的；有记号的▪形近词▪marketer n. 市场商人；市场营销人员▪remark v.评论；谈到 n.评论；话语；注意；观察▪remarkable adj. 卓越的；非凡的；辉煌的▪landmark n. 地标；里程碑；转折点▪ adj. 有重大意义或影响的▪近义词▪blot n. 污点▪spot n. 点；斑点▪stain n. 污迹；污渍 v. 玷污；污染▪symbol n. 象征；标志▪mark▪【v】做标记；指出；标明；在( 商品 ) 上贴价格 ( 或质量等) 的标签、▪【n】痕迹；斑点；污点；记号；符号；( 考试等 ) 分数▪形近词▪market n. 市场；行情 v. 推销；营销▪marketplace n.市集；商场；市场▪marked adj. 显著的，明显的；有记号的▪system 【n】系统；体制▪形近词▪systematic adj.有系统的；系统化的▪systematically adv. 系统地；有条理地▪近义词▪regime n. 政权；政体( 指非民主且统治手段不被认可的政府或政权体系 )；管理制度；组织方法；养生法▪organization n.组织；机构；团体structure n. 结构；构造；组织▪stress 【v】强调；着重【n】压力；强调；重点；着重；重音；( 物 )应力▪词组▪stressed-out 因心理紧张而被压垮的▪近义词▪highlight v. 强调；突出▪emphasize v. 强调▪strain v. 使不堪承受；使紧张；拉伤；扭伤▪ n. 压力；负担；重负▪ C. 单词应用▪state [n] 状态，情况▪2007 年阅读 Text 4▪The current state of affairs may have been encouraged—though not justified—by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe)for data leakage.▪statistical adj. 统计的；统计学的▪2007 年阅读 Text 2▪Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution amongage peers.▪statement n. ( 正式的口头或书面 ) 陈述，声明； ( 意见或观点的 ) 表现，表达▪2012 年阅读 text 2▪ A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe systemleakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’ssafety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.▪overstate v. 夸张，夸大地叙述▪2010年阅读 Text 4▪It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market pricesoverstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporaryilliquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.▪status [n]地位▪2013年阅读 Text 4▪However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with lawenforcement.▪assert v. 坚称；断言；表明▪2013年阅读 Text 4▪The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.▪publication n. 出版；发行；出版物；公布▪2013 年阅读 Text 3▪That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.▪Republican [adj] ( 美国 ) 共和党的▪2012 年阅读 Text 4▪In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hard-line Republican governor.▪flaw n. 瑕疵；缺点▪2006年阅读新题型▪Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.▪meaningless adj. 没有意义的；不重要的▪2006年阅读 Text 4▪But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.▪meaningfully adv. 有意图地；有意义地；重要地▪2007年阅读 Text 1▪And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice.Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediatefeedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.▪live [adj] 现场演出的▪2011年阅读 Text 1▪These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher inartistic quality than today’s live performances;moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of thelistener’s choosing.▪live off：依赖……生活，依赖▪2006年阅读 Text 2▪And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.▪federal 联邦的▪2013 年阅读 Text 4▪In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.▪mark [v] 在(商品)上贴价格(或质量等)标签▪2010 年阅读 Text 4▪America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.▪marked adj. 显著的，明显的；有记号的▪2014年翻译▪There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young.▪systematically adv. 系统地；有条理地▪2009年阅读 Text 2▪Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.▪stress [v] 强调▪ 2014 年阅读 Text 4▪Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study ofhistory and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies.▪stressed-out：因心理紧张而被压垮的▪2008年阅读 Text 1▪In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.二、▪ A. 单词识记▪peer: 【n.】同龄人；同等地位的人；贵族▪【vt.】仔细看；费力地看▪词组▪gaze at：凝视；注视▪stare at：盯；凝视▪glare at：长久地怒视；瞪着▪peer: 【n.】同龄人；同等地位的人；贵族▪【vt.】仔细看；费力地看▪同义词▪contemporary n. 同代人▪issue:【v.】发行,发表;发布;发,发放▪【n.】问题；( 报刊的 )期、号、版次▪形近词▪tissue n. 组织；薄的纱织品；面巾纸▪claim: 【v.】要求;声称;断言;索取▪【n.】要求; 声称; 断言; 索赔; 提要求的权利；(拥有或获得某物的)权利▪形近词▪proclaim v.宣布；声明；公布；明确表示▪disclaim v.放弃；拒绝承认；否认▪acclaim v.欢呼；称赞；宣布；欢呼；喝彩▪词组▪lay claim to：对……提出所有权要求▪同义词▪allege v. (未提出证据而)断言；指称；声称▪contend v. 声称；主张assert v. 声称；断言▪patent: 【v.】取得……的专利权；授予专利▪【adj.】专利的；明显的▪【n.】专利；专利权；专利品▪[词组]▪intellectual property：知识产权▪court: 【n.】法院，法庭；球场；庭院▪形近词▪courteous adj.有礼貌的▪courtesy: courtesy seat,courtesy phone▪empathy: the ability to understand other people’s feelings▪Line 【n】线,绳;路线,航线;线路, 电线；排,行；界线,边线【v】排队；加衬，做里子形近词 (n.)guideline 指导方针deadline 最后期限baseline 基线，底线airline 航线，航空公司coastline 海岸线headline 大标题，头版头条新闻discipline 纪律；学科；训练；惩罚形近词outline (n.) 轮廓；大纲；概要 (v.) 概述friendliness (n.) 友善，亲密loneliness (n.) 孤独 lonely aloneon-line (a.)线上的，在线的off-line (a.)线下的，离线的linen (a. / n.) 亚麻布（的）lineage (n.) 血统；家系；世系 kin kinship形近词decline (v. / n.) 下降； (vt.) 婉拒incline (v.) 倾斜；倾向；易于 ~ tobe subject to / be prone to / be apt to / be liable to / defer to / yield to underline (v.) 在…底下划线；强调= stress / emphasize▪value:【n.】价格;价值;实用性;重要性▪【v.】评价,估计;尊重,重视▪形近词▪overvalue v.对…估价过高;过分重视▪devalued adj. 贬值的▪同义词▪worth n. 价值；财产▪近义词▪significance n. 意义；重要性▪view: 【n.】观点；视点；景色；眼界▪【v.】视为；看待；观察▪形近词▪interview n.面试；面谈；接见；采访▪ v.采访；接见；对……进行面试▪viewer n.电视观众；观察者；指示器▪review n.评论；回顾；复习；评审；审查▪ v.回顾；检查；复习功课；写评论▪worldview n. 世界观▪in view of：鉴于，考虑到；由于▪in view：在能看见的范围内；在考虑之中▪on view：在展出；在容易看见的地方▪take sth. in view =take sth. into account 把…拿来考虑▪同义词▪perspective▪n. 观点；(尤指受到某种思想、经验影响的) 思考方法；态度；角度；透视画法▪individual: 【adj.】个人的；单独的；独特的▪【n.】个人，个体▪形近词▪individually adv. 个别地，单独地▪反义词▪collective adj. 集体的；共同的；集合的▪economic: 【adj.】经济 ( 上 ) 的，经济学的▪形近词▪uneconomic adj. 不经济的；不赢利的▪economics n. 经济学▪economically adv. 节约地，节俭地▪socioeconomic adj. 社会经济的▪词组 fiscal cliff：财政悬崖▪ IMF：国际货币基金组织▪ (International Monetary Fund)▪近义词▪financial adj. 金融的；财务▪fiscal adj. 财政的；国库的▪monetary adj. 货币的▪create: 【v.】创造，创作；引起，造成；建立▪creature n. 人；生物；动物▪creative adj. 创造的；有创造力的；创造性的；启发想象力的▪recreate v. 再创造；再建；重现▪creativity n. 创造力；创造▪creation n. 创造，创立；创作；创造物，作品▪creationism n. 创造宇宙说；创世论；神造说▪creationist n. 创世论者；造物主义者▪procreation n. 生育；生殖▪Legal:【adj.】法律的;合法的;正当的▪形近词▪illegal adj.非法的;违法的 n.非法移民▪同义词▪lawful adj. 合法的；法定的▪legitimate adj. 合法的；合情理的 v.使( 尤其坏事) 合法化▪consider: 【v.】认为；把……看作；考虑；细想；体谅；照顾▪形近词▪consideration n. 体贴；关心；考虑；要考虑的事；报酬；补偿费▪reconsider v. 重新考虑▪considerable adj. 相当大 ( 或多 )的▪considering prep.考虑到;就……而论;鉴于▪词组▪consider … as：把……视作；把…看作▪ C. 单词应用▪peer [n] 同龄人▪2007 年阅读 Text 2▪Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by thechronological age and multiplying by 100.▪peer [v] 仔细看▪2007 年阅读 Text 4▪Several massive leakages of customers and employee data this year … have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerability. ▪issue [v] 发，发放▪2006年阅读新题型▪The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card”, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, andenables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities.▪tissue n. 组织；薄的纱织品；面巾纸▪2008年阅读 Text 3▪Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. ▪disclaim v. 放弃；拒绝承认；否认；放弃权利▪2008年翻译▪He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.▪acclaim [v]称赞▪2010年阅读新题型▪At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers,regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold. ▪patent [n] 专利▪2010 年阅读 Text 2▪Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods.▪court [n] 法院▪2013 年阅读 Text 4▪On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.▪hardline adj. 强硬的▪2010年阅读Text 4▪In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.▪decline v./n. 下降衰退减少▪2013年阅读 Text 3▪Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”▪outline n.轮廓;大纲;概要;略图▪2008年阅读新题型▪Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft.▪lineage [n]血统▪2009年阅读Text 2▪Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line ormitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers.▪overvalue v. 对……估价过高；过分重视▪2010年阅读Text 4▪It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.▪Interview [n] 面试▪2004年阅读Text 2▪Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn upalphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they ploughthrough them.▪perspective [n]角度▪2013 年阅读Text 3▪This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.▪Fad = mad▪collective [adj] 集体的；共同的▪2012年阅读Text 3▪But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery.▪economic [adj] 经济的▪2009 年阅读 Text 3▪We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. ▪financial [adj]财务的▪2015年阅读Text 2▪ A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recentcorrespondence.▪considerable [adj] 相当大(或多) 的▪2008年翻译▪Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight.▪considering [prep]考虑到；就…而论▪2011年阅读Text 4▪No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it,raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.▪▪三、▪ A. 单词识记▪subject▪【vt.】使遭受；使服从；使隶属▪【n.】主题；题；学科；科目；主语▪【adj.】受……支配的；服从于……的▪形近词▪subjective▪【adj.】主观的；个人的；自觉的▪subject▪【vt.】使遭受；使服从；使隶属▪【n.】主题；题；学科；科目；主语▪【adj.】受……支配的；服从于……的▪词组be subject to：遭受；承受▪lead 【v.】领导；引导；促进；领先；占首位；通向；导致；带来▪【n.】带领；领头；引导；铅▪形近词▪leadership n.领导能力；领导地位；领导阶层▪mislead vt. 误导；使误信；将…引入歧途▪leader n. 领袖；领导者；首领；指挥者▪形近词▪plead v. 请求；恳求；为…辩护；提出…为理由▪leading adj. 卓越的；最重要的▪词组▪lead someone on 误导；蒙骗（某人）▪lead up to 导致；逐渐导致；使话题（渐渐）转向；为……做准备▪take the lead 带头；为首；起带头作用；领导▪intend 【v.】想要；打算；企图▪词组▪intend to do/intend doing sth.▪打算做▪sector▪【n.】 ( 经济的 ) 部门；行业；领域▪account【n.】解释；说明；账户▪形近词▪accountant n. 会计师；会计人员▪词组▪account for 说明...原因; 占…比例▪take into account：考虑到；体谅▪leave sth. out of account：不考虑▪on account of 由于; 因为▪account【n.】解释；说明；账户▪近义词▪description▪n. 描述，描写；类型；说明书▪explanation▪n. 说明，解释；辩解▪consumer【n.】消费者；用户，顾客▪形近词▪consumption n. 消费；消耗；肺痨▪consuming adj. 消费的；强烈的▪近义词▪client n. [经] 客户；顾客；委托人▪consumerism n. 保护消费者利益运动；用户至上主义▪consumer【n.】消费者；用户，顾客▪形近词▪consumption n. 消费；消耗；肺痨▪consuming adj. 消费的；强烈的▪近义词▪client n. [经] 客户；顾客；委托人▪consumerism n. 保护消费者利益运动；用户至上主义▪environment:【n.】环境，外界▪形近词▪environmental adj. 环境的，周围的；有关环境的▪environmentally adv. 有关环境方面地▪environmentalist n. 环保人士；环境论者；研究环境问题的专家▪environment:【n.】环境，外界▪近义词▪surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物▪atmosphere n. 气氛；大气；空气▪situation n. 情况；形势；处境；位置▪essay:【n.】论文；杂文；散文；(学生就某门课程所写的 ) 论说文，短文▪近义词▪article n. 文章；物品；条款；[语] 冠词▪thesis n. 论文；论点▪matter: 【v.】要紧；有关系；有影响▪【n.】( 有形的 ) 物质；( 某一类型的 ) 物质；( 印刷或阅读的 ) 材料▪词组▪as a matter of fact 其实；实际上▪近义词▪substance n. 物质；实质▪stuff n. 东西；材料；填充物；素材资料▪material n. 材料，原料；物资；布料▪fund: 【v.】拨款，为……提供资金▪【n.】专款；基金；资金▪[形近词]▪fundamental adj. 基本的，根本的▪fundamentally adv. 根本地，从根本上；基础地▪non-fundamentalist▪underfund v.投资不足▪hold: 【v.】持有；拥有；保存；拘留；约束或控制▪【n.】专款；基金；资金▪[形近词]▪household n. 家庭；同住在一所房子里的人；一家人▪holder n. 支持物；持有者；( 支票等 ) 持有人▪withhold vt. 扣留，拒绝给予▪shareholder n. 股东▪hold: 【v.】持有；拥有；保存；拘留；约束或控制▪【n.】专款；基金；资金▪[形近词]▪shareholding n. 股权▪stockholder n. 股东；股票持有人▪stakeholder n. 利益相关人；股东▪[词组]▪hold back 退缩；阻止；抑制▪hold on 等一等；停一停；别挂电话, 坚持▪hold out伸出；递出；维持；保密；坚持；不屈服▪hold up 举起；支持；耽搁；抢劫▪[同义词]▪cling▪vi. 坚持，墨守；紧贴；附着▪withstand▪v. 经受住；承受；顶住▪seize▪vt. 抓住；夺取；理解；逮捕▪function 【v.】起作用▪【n.】功能；作用；职责；职务；职员▪[形近词]▪functional adj. 功能的▪[同义词]▪work▪n. 工作；[物] 功；产品；操作；职业；行为；工厂；文学、音乐或艺术作品▪employ▪vt. 使用，采用；雇用；使忙于，使从事于▪evidence【n.】根据；证据；形迹，迹象▪[形近词]▪evident adj. 明显的；明白的▪[同义词]▪proof n. 证明；证据；校样；考验；验证；试验▪adj. 防…的；不能透入的；证明用的；耐…的▪practice 【n.】n. 实践；练习；惯例▪【v.】执行；履行；演出；表演▪[词组]▪in practice 在实践中；事实上；实际上▪[同义词]▪perform v. 执行；履行；演出；表演▪note 【n.】笔记；记录；按语；注释；便条；短笺；纸币；含义；暗示；钞票；纸币▪【v.】注意；记下；摘录下▪[形近词]▪denote vt. 表示，代表▪noteworthy adj. 值得注意的；显著的；重要的▪[词组]take/make notes 做笔记C. 单词应用▪subject [v] 使服从▪2012 年完型▪At the very least, the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary.▪be subject to：遭受；承受▪2009 年阅读 Text 2▪In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review oroutside evaluation.▪leading adj. 卓越的；最重要的▪2011 年阅读新题型▪However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess.▪intend v.想要；打算；企图▪2012 年阅读 Text 2▪Either Entergy never really intended to▪live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next.▪lead [v] 通向；带来▪2013 年阅读 Text 3▪Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.▪plead [v] 请求；恳求▪2012 年阅读 Text 1▪“Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in.▪sector n. ( 经济的 ) 部门；行业；领域▪2012 年阅读 Text 4▪But many within the public sector suffer▪under the current system, too.▪account [n] 解释；说明▪2010 年翻译▪It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today.▪account [n] 账户▪2014 年阅读 Text 3▪Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. ▪take into account：考虑到；体谅▪2006 年阅读 Text 6▪Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account.▪leave sth. out of account：不考虑▪2009年翻译▪The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave theseconsequences wholly out of account.▪consumption n. 消费；消耗▪2011 年完型▪But despite some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does produce short-termchanges in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain, a good laugh is unlikely to have manageablebenefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.▪essay n. 论文；杂文；散文；(学生就某门课程所写的 ) 论说文，短文▪2010 年阅读 Text 1▪Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortlybefore his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.▪matter [v] 要紧；有关系▪2007 年阅读 Text 2▪Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or whatquestions to skip.▪fund [v] 拨款，为……提供资金▪2014 年阅读 Text 3▪Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. ▪stakeholder n. 利益相关人；股东▪2011 年阅读 Text 3▪Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. ▪withstand v. 经受住；承受；顶住▪2008 年阅读 Text 3▪Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain inflicted by oversize limbs.▪function [n] 职责▪2006 年翻译▪His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible thecourse of reasoning which led him to his decision.▪evidence [n] 根据；证据；形迹，迹象▪2012 年阅读 Text 4▪Even though there is plenty of`evidence that the quality of` the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions havefought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.▪perform [v] 执行；履行；演出；表演▪2011 年阅读 Text 1▪To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.▪note [v] 注意▪2006 年阅读 Text 1▪Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks.四、A. 单词识记▪degree▪【n.】程度；度数；学位；等级▪形近词▪agreement n. 协定；一致；同意▪Greek n. 希腊人；希腊语▪ adj. 希腊的；希腊人的▪concern▪【v】涉及；关系到；关注▪【n.】关心；关切；顾虑；忧虑；利害 ( 关系 )▪形近词▪concerned adj. 关心的；关注的；有关(方面)的；认为重要的；担心的▪unconcerned adj. 不关心的；无关的；无忧虑的▪词组▪concern oneself with▪对...关切; 关怀; 关心...▪as/so far as ... be concerned▪就...而言▪allow▪【v】允许；同意；考虑▪形近词▪shallow adj. 浅的, 肤浅的▪词组▪allow for▪product▪【v】生产；引起；创作▪形近词▪production n. 成果；产品；生产；作品▪productive adj. 富有成效的；多产的；有益的；具有创造性的▪productivity n. 生产力；生产率；生产能力▪product▪【v】生产；引起；创作▪近义词▪invention▪n. 发明, 虚构的故事, 创作能力▪level 【n】水平；程度；等级，级别▪【adj.】水平的；平的；平稳的▪【v】弄平；铺平；使瞄准；使对准▪形近词▪low-level▪adj. 低水平的；低级别的；次要的▪形近词▪level off 稳定；呈平稳状态▪on the level 真诚；坦率；诚恳▪do one’s level best 全力以赴；竭尽所能▪effort 【n】努力▪形近词▪effortless▪adj. 容易的；不费力气的▪infer 【v】推断；推论▪形近词▪inferiority n. 劣势；劣等；下等；次级；自卑情绪，自卑感▪inferior adj. 低等的；劣等的；下级的；▪差的，次的inference n. 推理；推论；推断▪infer 【v】推断；推论▪近义词▪deduce▪vt. 推论，推断；演绎出▪conclude▪vt. 推断；决定，作结论；结束▪professional 【adj.】专业的；职业的；职业性的▪professionalize v. 使……职业化；使……专业化▪professionalization 专业化▪professionalism n. 职业水准或特性；▪职业化；专业化▪provide 【v.】提供▪形近词▪provided▪conj. 假如；倘若▪provider▪n. 提供者；供应者，供应商▪provisionn. 规定；条款；准备；[经] 供应品▪provide 【v.】提供▪近义词▪supply n. 供给，补给；供应品▪ vt. 供给，提供；补充▪offer vt. 提供；给予▪challenge▪【n.】挑战；艰巨任务；(对真实性、价值、权威等提出的 ) 怀疑；质疑▪【v.】挑战；怀疑；质疑( 真实性、价值、权威等▪形近词▪unchallenged▪adj. 不成问题的；未引起争论的▪ C. 单词应用▪agreement n. 协定；一致；同意▪2008 年阅读 Text 2▪There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.▪concern [n] 顾虑▪2012 年阅读 Text 2▪Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules.▪concerned [adj] 关注的▪2014 年阅读 Text 1▪On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to anobviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidies laziness.▪allow 允许；同意；考虑▪2013 年阅读 Text 1▪In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.▪productive adj. 富有成效的；多产的；有益的；具有创造性的▪2009 年阅读 Text 3▪Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.▪productivity n. 生产力；生产率；生产能力▪2009 年阅读 Text 3▪As education improved humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education.▪level[n] 等级，级别▪2012 年阅读 Text 4▪At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome.▪low-level adj. 低水平的；低级别的；次要的▪2007 年阅读 Text 4Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.▪effort[n] 努力▪2013 年阅读 Text 1▪Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change canonly be effected by the customer.▪inferiority n. 劣势；劣等；下等；次级；自卑情绪，自卑感▪2011 年翻译▪This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the topand the inferiority of those at the bottom.▪inferior adj. 低等的；劣等的；差的，次的▪2011 年阅读 Text 1▪According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?▪[A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.▪[B] They are easily accessible to the general public.▪[C] They help improve the quality of music.▪[D] They have only covered masterpieces.▪professional [adj] 专业的▪2007 年阅读 Text 1▪If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.▪provide [v] 提供▪2011 年阅读 Text 3▪The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.▪professionalize v. 使……职业化；使……▪专业化▪2011 年阅读新题型▪Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalized the professor.▪professionalism n. 职业化；专业化▪2011 年阅读新题型▪Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree intoa prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969, athird of American professors did not possess one.▪provider n. 提供者；供应商▪2011 年阅读 Text 3▪This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.▪offer v. 提供；给予▪2014 年阅读 Text 1▪You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.▪challenge[v]怀疑；质疑(真实性、价值、权威等)▪2012 年阅读 Text 2▪Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.▪challenge[n] 挑战▪2014 年阅读 Text 4▪Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.▪▪五、▪ A. 单词识记▪structure。
(完整版)考研英语156个重点必考词汇
考研必考词义156若你成功的速度比不上你父母衰老的速度，你成功的意义在哪里？1、It is an impossibly unpopular behavior。
这是个极其不受欢迎的行为。
impossibly=very2、unseemly behavior 不雅的行为 unseemly 不雅的=unethicaldecent 优雅的 = courtesy 优雅的、有礼貌的Eg：As a courtesy to the next passenger,may we suggest that you wipe off the wash basin。
作为对下一个顾客的礼貌与尊敬，我们建议你把这个洗手池擦干. Wash basin 洗手池3、fashion policy 推广政策 fashion vt 推广4、exceptional 优秀的(最高等级）brilliant， great, well accepted（中间等级） mediocre（最低等级)exceptional child 智障儿童5、compare 找出相同点 vcontrast 找出不同点 vcomparison n contrast n这两个单词可以通用，一般情况下，compare可以替换contrast，但是在选项中同时存在的话，compare指找出相同点 contrast指找出不同点PS：advertiser 广告商 = advertising agency 广告商但是不等于advertiser 出钱打广告的人6、intelligence n 智商(先天的）、情报 CIA（Central Intelligence Agency）中央情报局 intellectual 智力（后天取得的)、有智力的 intellect 知识分子（也表智力本身）intellectualism 知识主义--ism 主义、论 anti—intellectualism 反智主义 anti—反……7、push 进取向上成功人的品质： passion work focus push ideas improve persist8、weather 克服 weather financial9、overlook忽视=ignore overrate 高估=overestimate 高估10、knowledge 了解without the knowledge of sth 不知道/不了解某事without one’s knowledge 在某人不知情的情况下knowledge explosion 知识爆炸in the times of knowledge explosion 在知识爆炸的年代The habits of consumers have been recorded by the browsers without their knowledge.在他们不知情的情况下，这些习惯被记进了11、profilehigh—profile高调的(形容人）、引人注目的（形容事件）=much-publicized low-profile 低调的12、Approach 方法（接近）、解决=address=curb=harness=solve=tackle approach study 方法研究论approach（方法）=method=way13、discipline 教训=lesson(n）学科(n)、惩罚（v)、纪律(n）14、game 猎物15、spell 拼写;导致(A has spelt B）；咒语；一段时间（despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1970s，……)16、edge 优势 gain the competitive edge获得优势万能句：To gain competitive edge in the times of knowledge explosion,we should have good command of_____。
考研英语词汇大全-考研单词
考研英语词汇大全考研单词一、核心词汇1. absolute [ˈæbsəluːt]adj. 绝对的，完全的；肯定的例句：There is no absolute answer to this question.2. abundant [əˈbʌndənt]adj. 丰富的，充裕的例句：The forest is abundant in wildlife.vt. 容纳；供应，供给；使适应4. achieve [əˈtʃiːv]vt. 达到，实现；获得例句：She achieved her goal of running a marathon.5. acquire [əˈkwaɪər]vt. 获得，取得；学到例句：He acquired a new skill attending a workshop.二、基础词汇1. ability [əˈbɪləti]n. 能力，能耐；才能2. absence [ˈæbsəns]n. 缺席，不在场；缺乏例句：His absence from the meeting was noticed everyone.3. absolute [ˈæbsəluːt]adj. 绝对的，完全的；肯定的例句：There is no absolute answer to this question.4. absorb [əbˈzɔːrb]vt. 吸收；吸引；理解例句：The sponge absorbed all the water.5. abstract [ˈæbstrækt]adj. 抽象的；深奥的n. 摘要，梗概；抽象的概念例句：This painting is an abstract representation of the artist's emotions.三、高频词汇1. adapt [əˈdæpt]vt. 使适应；改编例句：He adapted the novel for the screen.2. add [æd]vt. 添加，增加；补充说例句：Please add sugar to my coffee.3. address [əˈdres]vt. 演说；写姓名地址；对付，处理n. 地址；演讲；处理例句：The president will address the nation tonight.4. adequate [ˈædɪkwət]adj. 足够的，充分的；适当的例句：The supply is not adequate to meet the demand.5. adjust [əˈdʒʌst]vt. 调整，调节；使适合例句：You may need to adjust your expectations.这份考研英语词汇大全旨在帮助考生系统地复习和掌握考研英语所需的核心、基础和高频词汇。
考研英语单词表汇总(5500)
Alien
n.外侨，外国人；外星人 a.外国的；相异的
Alike
a.同样的，相像的ad.一样地；同程度地
Alive
a.活着的；存在的；活跃的；(to)敏感的
All
a.全部的；非常的 ad.完全地，很 pron.全部
allege
v.断言，宣称；指控
alleviate
ago
ad.(常和一般过去时的动词连用)以前，…前
agony
n.(精神或肉体的)极大痛苦，创伤
agree
vi.答应，赞同；适合，一致；商定，约定
agreeable
a.符合的；一致的；欣然同意的；令人愉快的
agreement
n.协定；协议；契约；达成协议；同意，一致
agriculture
n.农业，农艺，农耕
airline
n.(飞机)航线 a.(飞机)航线的
airport
n.机场，航空站，航空港
Aisle
n.(教堂、教室、戏院等里的)过道，通道
alarm
n.惊恐；警报(器) vt.惊动，惊吓；向…报警
album
n.(同一表演者的)集锦密纹唱片;集邮册,相册
alcohol
n.酒精，乙醇；含酒精的饮料
Alert
acknowledge
vt.承认；接受；告知(信件等的)收到；答谢
acquaint
vt.(with)使认识，使了解，使熟悉
acquaintance
n.认识，相识，了解；相识的人，熟人
acquire
v.获得；学到(知识等)；养成(习惯)
acquisition
n.取得，学到，养成(习惯)；获得的东西
考研英语常考词汇(完整版)
考研英语常考词汇(完整版)本文档旨在提供考研英语常考词汇的完整列表，以帮助考生更有效地准备考试。
名词- abundance: 充足- benefit: 好处- challenge: 挑战- diversity: 多样性- effect: 影响- factor: 因素- goal: 目标- hypothesis: 假设- innovation: 创新- justice: 正义- knowledge: 知识- limitation: 限制- mode: 模式- nature: 自然- opportunity: 机会- phenomenon: 现象- quality: 质量- reason: 原因- strategy: 策略- trend: 趋势动词- acquire: 获得- demonstrate: 示范- enhance: 增强- implement: 实施- maintain: 维持- promote: 促进- realize: 实现- solve: 解决- transform: 转变- undermine: 破坏- validate: 证实- weaken: 削弱- yield: 产生形容词- abundant: 丰富的- beneficial: 有益的- diverse: 多样的- effective: 有效的- influential: 有影响力的- logical: 合乎逻辑的- potential: 潜在的- significant: 重要的- relevant: 相关的- sustainable: 可持续的- valuable: 有价值的- rational: 合理的副词- accurately: 准确地- effectively: 有效地- frequently: 频繁地- ideally: 理想地- logically: 逻辑上地- repeatedly: 重复地---以上为考研英语常考词汇的完整版列表，希望对考生有所帮助。
考研英语词汇
考研英语词汇考研英语必备词汇考研英语必备词汇1考研英语必备词汇1productivity n.生产率profession n.职业，专业，表白，宣布professional a.职业的，专门的 n.自由职业者，专业人员professor n.教授proficiency n.(in)熟练，精通profile n.侧面(像);轮廓，外形;人物简介profit n.利润，收益 v.(by，from)得利，获益;有利于profitable a.有利可图的，有益的profound a.深刻的，意义深远的;渊博的，造诣深的programme n.(program)节目，计划，规划，程序 v.编程序progress v./n.进步，进展;前进progressive a.进步的，先进的;前进的prohibit v.禁止，不准;阻止project n.方案，工程，项目v.投射，放映;设计，规划projector n.放映机，幻灯机，投影仪prolong v.拉长，延长，拖延prominent a.突起的，凸出的;突出的，杰出的promise v.允许，答应;有可能n.承诺;希望，出息promising a.有希望的，有前途的promote v.促进，发扬;提升，提拔;增进，助长prompt a.敏捷的，迅速的，即刻的 v.激起，促进，推动考研英语必备词汇2备受考生关注的《全国硕士研究生招生考试英语考试大纲》(以下简称大纲)于20xx年8月26日新鲜出炉，从整体上看，今年的大纲与去年相比，没有任何变化，因此，各位考生大可按照既定的复习思路继续备考。
那么相对于试卷上客观存在的5类题型，很多考生在备考过程中容易忽略掉一个最最基础的内容词汇。
本文将结合最新的考纲及真题，为各位考生总结归纳9月份以后词汇备考策略。
到了9月份以后，考生们开始专注于各个题型的解题技巧的学习或真题的演练。
而做过真题的同学必然会发现，通过解题技巧定位出题目答案所在的范围后，面临的最大的问题就是锁定的那句话读不明白，原因很简单：单词不认识。
考研英语单词表可打印
考研英语单词表可打印1. accelerate：加速2. acute：敏锐的3. advocate：提倡4. awkward：笨拙的5. barrier：障碍6. beneath：在……之下7. bilinear：双线性的8. blossom：开花9. brochure：小册子10. calculate：计算11. cassette：盒式磁带12. censorship：审查制度13. channel：渠道14. chronic：慢性的15. confess：承认16. complex：复杂的17. conception：概念18. conquer：征服19. cosmetic：化妆品20. council：理事会21. curtain：窗帘22. damage：损坏23. decimal：十进制的24. deceive：欺骗25. decoration：装饰26. delegate：代表27. delicious：美味的28. dessert：甜点29. diameter：直径30. discipline：纪律31. dismiss：解雇32. diverse：多样化的33. emotion：情感34. engine：发动机35. erosion：侵蚀36. fascinated：着迷的37. flexible：灵活的38. gambling：赌博39. genuine：真正的40. harassment：骚扰41. hierarchy：等级制度42. identify：识别43. ignorant：无知的44. ingredient：成分45. inject：注射46. inquire：询问47. intimacy：亲密关系48. joyful：快乐的49. label：标签50. leakage：泄漏51. lightning：闪电52. magazine：杂志53. master：掌握54. miserable：悲惨的55. mistreat：虐待56. motorcycle：摩托车57. negotiate：谈判58. neutral：中立的59. nutrition：营养60. obsession：痴迷61. offspring：后代62. overcome：克服63. panic：恐慌64. paradise：天堂65. perception：感知66. permanent：永久的67. perfume：香水68. physical：身体的69. pier：码头70. pivot：枢轴71. politics：政治72. poverty：贫困73. prejudice：偏见74. prioritise：优先考虑75. pursue：追求76. queue：队列77. racial：种族的78. raw：未加工的79. recipe：食谱80. Religion：宗教81. romantic：浪漫的82. rivalry：竞争83. sacrifice：牺牲84. satellite：卫星85. seminar：研讨会86. severe：严厉的87. simulate：模拟88. suspicious：可疑的89. terrorism：恐怖主义90. tendency：倾向91. traitor：叛徒92. tumour：肿瘤93. universe：宇宙94. validate：验证95. vacuum：真空96. vanilla：香草97. vanish：消失98. vehicle：车辆99. vengeance：复仇100. vicious：恶毒的。
考研 英语单词 pdf
2024年考研的英语单词part n.部分；角色；作用；零件v.使分开，分离，分别pass v.经过，走过；传递；通过（考试等）n.通行证，护照；关口ring n.戒指；铃声，按铃；圆圈，环；（打）电话v.按（铃）；敲（钟）；（up）打电话tie n.领带，领结；联系，关系；约束，束缚v.系，栓，捆passage n.通过；通路；段，节even ad.甚至，即使a.平坦的；偶数的；均匀的cause n.原因；事业奋斗目标v.引起，使产生sing v.唱，演唱；鸡叫long a./ad.长的，长远的，长期的vi. （for）渴望count vt.数，计数，看作，认为n.计数，计算，总数arch n.拱门，拱形结构v.拱起，（使）变成拱形hang vt. 悬，挂，垂吊；吊死ratio n.比，比率great a.伟大的；重大的；美妙的sentence n.句子；判决，宣判v.判决，宣判inform vt.通知，向…报告；告密direct a./ad.径直的，直接的vt. 指导rent n.租金vi.出租,租赁tend v.趋向，往往是；照料，看护dust n.灰尘，灰烬being n.存在；生物；生命formation n.形成；构成mate n.伙伴，同事；配偶stand vi.站，站立；坐落，位于，经受，忍受；坚持，维持原状n.台，座high a./ad.高高的(地)，高尚的（地）care n.关怀，操心；小心，谨慎v.关心；介意；计较ease n.安逸，舒适，休闲；容易v.减轻；使舒适，使安心sheet n.被单；（一）张，（一）片，薄片；大片sign n.标记，符号，招牌；征兆，迹象v.签名（于），署名（于）state n.州，国家，政府；状态，情况v.陈述，说明unit n.单位；单元；部件，元件；机组，装置import v./n.输入，进口ample a.充裕的；宽敞的earn vt.赚得，挣得；获得ought v. aux 早应该，本应，本当section n.章节，部分；地区，部门，科；截面，剖面bit n.一点，一些，一片tell v.（from）辨别，区别；告诉，讲述；吩咐，命令；泄露，吐露direction n.方向，方位；指导effect n.结果；影响；效果society n.社会；团体，协会，社；社交界，上流社会rough a.粗糙的；粗略的，大致的；粗野的，粗暴的number vt.共计，达……之数；编码，加号码n.数字，号码seem vi.好像，似乎stem n.词干；茎，干mad a.发疯的；疯狂的rim n.（圆物的）边，边缘；边界certain a.确实的，肯定的；某一，某些process n.过程，进程；制作法；工序；工艺v.加工，处理hard a.困难的；硬的；冷酷无情的；烈性的ad.努力地；猛烈地；困难地aid n.帮助，救护；助手，辅助物v.援助，救援，帮助elect vt.选举，推选；选择lack n./v.缺乏，没有rope n.绳子，索sin n.罪，罪孽vi.犯罪employ vi.雇用；用；使忙于graph n.(曲线)图，图表idea n.主意，念头，思想trial n.考验，试验；审讯without prep.无，没有vice n.罪恶；恶习；缺点a.副的complete a.完全的，彻底的general a.总的；一般的n.将军growth n.增长；增长量；生长rage n.愤怒behavior n. 行为，举止grow vi.生长；变得；增长increase n./v.增加logic n.逻辑，推理；逻辑学oil n.油；石油vt.上油，涂油，给……加润滑油system n.系统，体系；制度，体制economic a.经济上的；经济学的hold vt.抓住；保有，拥有；托住，支持；容纳；举行；有效，适用；持续dam n.水坝，水堤found vt.创立，创办；建立means n.方法，手段，工具tag n.货签；标签base n.基础；底部；基地，根据地v.把……基于；以……为根据地paragraph n.(文章的)段，节；小新闻，短评profession n.职业，自由职业require vt.需要；（of）要求，命令shed n.棚；小屋v.流出；发散，散发，脱落，脱去pond n.池塘；鱼塘appear vi.出现；问世；仿佛evolution n.发展；演变，演化lion n.狮子；勇猛的人manage vt.设法；对付patient a.能忍耐的，有耐心的n.病人，患者patent a.专利的，特许的n.专利，专利品，专利权mind v.介意，注意，当心n.头脑，精神；理智；想法，意见，心情，记忆organ n.器官；机构；风琴Owl n.猫头鹰sly a.狡猾的；偷偷摸摸的tow v./n.拖引，牵引individual a.个人的，单独的；独特的n.个人，个体letter n.信；证书；字母limit n.限制；限度，局限；范围v.限制，限定ski n.滑橇vi.滑雪account n.帐目；叙述，说明vt.说明，解释below Prep./ad.在……下面；向下star n.星，恒星；明星，名角heal vt.治愈；使和解medical a.医学的；医疗的；内科的service n.服务，帮助；公共设施，公用事业；维护保养；行政部门，服务机构v.维修，保养technology n.工艺学，工艺，技术case n.情况；事实；病例；案件；容器（箱子，盒子等）pain n.疼；疼痛，劳苦，努力reign v.（over）统治；支配；盛行，占优势n.统治，统治时期，支配；朝代rest n.休息，睡眠，停止，静；剩余部分，其余；（the）其余的人（或物）v.休息；睡，放，靠，(使)搁在rob v.（of）抢劫，盗取；非法剥夺force vt.强迫，迫使pace n.(一)步(距离)；步速v.踱步alter vt.改变，变更event n.事件，大事；事变natural a.自然的rally n.集会；公路汽车赛v.集合，团结；恢复(健康等)，重新振作sting v/n.刺，刺痛，剧痛；叮structure n.结构，构造；建筑物v.建造，构造theory n.理论，原理；学说，见解，看法concern n.关心，挂念；vt.涉及，关系到edge n.边缘；边flat a.平的，扁平的；平淡的，乏味的n.一套房子，平坦的部分govern vt.统治，治理；支配mental a.精神的；脑力的usual a.通常的，平常的adapt v.适应，适合；改编，改写fund n.资金；基金；存款lend vt.把...借给，贷款subject n.题目，主题；科目，学科；主语v.（to）使遭到，使服从a.（to）易遭……的，受……支配的substance n.物质；实质；大意；财产，财物thus ad.如此，这样；因而，从而vision n.视觉，视力；眼力，想象力abandon vt.放弃，抛弃correspond vi.通信；符合，相当energy n.活力；精力；能，能量opera n.歌剧oral a.口头的；口的rug n.小地毯；围毯sour a.酸的；发酸的；酸痛的；脾气坏的；刻薄的wide a.宽阔的；广泛的ad.完全地，充分地amount n.数量，总额v.合计，总共达paper vt.用纸包装(或覆盖)n.纸；报纸；试卷；文章，论文raw a.未煮过的，生的；未加过工的，未经训练的sense n.感官，官能；感觉；判断力；见识；意义，意思special a.特别的；特殊的top n.顶部，上边，上面，首位,最高位a.最高的v.高过，超过，到达……顶部affect vt.影响；感动benefit n.利益；好处；恩惠v.有益于，受益character n.性格，特性；角色claim n.权利；断言；主张；索赔v.要求；索赔；声称；主张corresponding a.相应的；符合的create vt.创造；引起，产生customer n.顾客，主顾essential a.必要的，必不可少的，本质的panel n.面，板；控制板，仪器盘；专门小组proper a.合乎体统的；适合的，恰当的；正当的；固有的，特有的有礼貌的，正派的；本身（的）rust n. 铁锈v.（使）生锈，氧化shift vt.替换，转移；移动n.转换，转变；（变）班，（换）班spot n.污点，斑点；地点，场所v.认出，认清，发现；玷污，弄脏；用点作记号therefore ad.因此，所以conj.因此travel n.旅行v.旅行，行进，传播verse n.诗，韵文；诗行consume vt.消耗，消费，耗尽critic n.批评家，爱挑剔的人；评论家demand v./n.要求；需要express vt.表示n.快车，快递a.特快的，快速的firm n.商行，商号，公司a.坚固的，坚决的，稳固的improve v.使……更好，改善intelligence n.智力；理解力；情报，消息least a.最少的ad.最少legal a.法律的；合法的machine n.机器；机械racket n.球拍reed n.芦苇，苇丛；芦笛，牧笛select v.选择，挑选a.精选的，选择的attitude n.态度，看法；姿势broad a.宽的，广阔的；豁达的carbon n.碳decline vt.下倾；偏斜；衰退；谢绝hole n.洞；孔眼，裂开处infer vt.推论，推断involve vt.使卷入；牵涉；包含，涉及matter n.事情；物质，物体；毛病，麻烦moral a.道德的；合乎道德的offer vt.提供；提出n.提供picture n.图画，照片；美景；影片v.画，描述，想象space n.间隔，距离；空地，余地；空间，太空v.留间隔，隔开vest n.汗衫；背心；内衣available a.可利用的；可得到的；可以见到的；随时可来的competition n.竞争，比赛continue vt.继续，连续；延伸cure vt.医治；消除n.治愈drug n.药，药物，药材employment n.工作，职业；雇用；使用forget vt.忘记，遗忘function n.功能；职务；函数issue n.问题，争论，争端；发行，发行物vt.发行，发表，颁布；流出，放出nut n.坚果，干果；螺母relation n.关系，联系；家属，亲戚situation n.位置，场所；处境，局面，处境，形势；职务，职位television n.电视title n.书名, 标题；头衔,称号attention n.注意，留心；立正journal n.日报，杂志；日志nature n.大自然，自然界particular a.特殊的；特定的，个别的rot v.(使)腐烂，(使)腐败，腐朽trust v.信任，依赖；盼望，希望；委托n.信任，依赖；委托，信托advocate n.提倡者，鼓吹者vt.提倡，鼓吹assist vt.援助，帮助comb n.梳子competitive a.竞争的，比赛的goods n.商品；货物ground n.地；场地；根据harm n.伤害，损害vt.损害identify vt.认出，识别，鉴定；把……看作international a.国际的，世界(性)的line v.沿……排列，排队n.线；路线，航线；排；界线neat a.整洁的；整齐的order n.定货，定货单；命令；次序，循序；秩序，治安，正常状态，整齐；等级v.制，定制，订购purpose n.目的；意图；效果，用途roll vi.滚动，转动；使摇摆，（使）摇晃；辗，轧；绕，卷；（up）卷起，卷拢n.（一）卷，卷形物，面包卷；名单，名册sell v.卖，出售sequence n.连续，数列；次序，先后together ad. 共同，一起，合起来，聚拢地central a.中心的，中央的，中枢的；主要的concept n.概念，观念，思想court n.法院，法庭；庭院；宫廷，朝廷；球场creation n. 创造，创作物，发明cut vt.切；割；砍；删减dependent a.依靠的，依赖的；随……而定的detail n.细节；枝节；零件v.详述dig vt.掘，挖；采掘election n.选举，选择权；当选extend vt.延长；扩大；致full a.满，完全的，充分的ad.完全，充分invention n.发明，创造lane n.(乡间)小路；跑道；行车道lay vt.放，搁；下(蛋)learning n.学习；学问，知识measure vt.量，测量n.尺寸，大小；措施，办法private a.私人的；私下的，个人的，秘密的skill n.技能，技巧，手艺；熟练speaker n.扬声器，说话人，演讲人spend v.花费；消耗，用尽；度过，消磨teach v.教，教授，教训treat vt.治疗；论述，探讨；款待，请客；对待；处理n.款待，请客visit n.访问，参观，作客v.访问，参观，视察，巡视，常去warm a.暧和的，温暖的，热心的，热情的v.（使）变暖acquire vt.取得；获得；学到appropriate a.恰如其分的，适当的brain n.大脑；脑力，智能capital a.首位的，最重要的，基本的n.资本，资金；首都communication n. 传达，通讯；通讯系统；交通（工具）community n.社区；共同体courage n.勇气，胆量，胆识effective a.有效的；有影响的goal n.球门；得分；目的intend vt.想要，打算；意指label n.标签；标记，符号land n.陆地,土地；田地，国土，国家v.（使）登陆，（使）着陆major a.较大的n.专业，专业学生，少校v.主修，专攻obtain vt.获得，得到，obvious a.明显的，显而易见的operation n.运算；运转，开动，操作；手术plane n.平面，水平面；飞机remark v．（on）评论，谈论；注意到，察觉n.（about，on）评语，议论，意见sound a.健康的，完好的；正当的，有根据的；彻底的，充分的v.发声，响；听起来n.声音，声响specially ad.专门地，特别地；附加的，额外的stab v./n.刺，戳tempt v.引诱，吸引，使感兴趣tradition n.传统，惯例trend vi.伸向；倾向n.倾向，趋势trouble n.烦恼，麻烦，动乱，纠纷，疾病，故障；辛苦，费心v.（使）烦恼，麻烦type n.型，类型，铅字v.打字combine vt.结合，联合compare vt.比较，相比，对比；比作composition n.作品，作文，乐曲；写作，作曲；组成，构成，结构consequence n.结果，后果convention n.大会，会议；惯例，公约，(换俘等)协定creative a.创造性的，创作的describe vt.形容；描写，描绘effort n.努力；努力的成果；艰难地尝试especial a. 特别的，特殊的especially ad.特别，尤其，格外establish vt.建立，设立；确立；安置grant n.授予物，拨款；同意，给予happen vi. (偶然)发生interpret vt.解释，说明；口译memory n.记忆；回忆；存储occur vi.发生；出现；被想到，被想起pattern n.型，式样，模，模型，图样v.仿制，模仿potential a.潜在的，可能的；势的，位的n.潜力，能力project n.方案，工程，计划vi.投射，放映；（使）凸出，（使）伸出；设计规划serious a.严肃的；主要的；严重的，危急的；认真的specific a.明确的；具体的；特定的，特有的sphere n.球，圆体；范围，领域status n.地位，身份；情形，状况translate v.翻译void a.空的，空虚的；没有的，缺乏的；无效的wave n.波，波浪；（挥手）示意，致意；飘扬，起伏v. （挥手）示意，致意；波动，飘动wise a.有智慧，聪明的attack vt.进攻，着手，开始n.（病情）发作; 进攻，着手，开始attend v.出席，参加；照顾，护理auto n.汽车blank a.空白的，失色的n.空白，表格chairman n.主席；议长，会长，董事长climate n.气候，风气，社会风潮commit vt.犯(错误)，干(坏事)；把…委托给，托付给drop vt.使落下；降低evidence n.根据；证据；形迹，迹象hit vt.打；击中；撞；到达，完成n.一击，击中；轰动一时地人或事物interact vi.相互作用learned a.有学问的；学术上的maintain vt.维持；赡养；维修；坚持，主张manner n.方式；态度；礼貌meeting n.聚集，集会，会见mess n.混乱，混杂，肮脏necessary a.必需的，必要的；必然的organization n.组织体制；团体，机构physical a.物理的，自然科学的；有形的，物质的；肉体的，身体的；poet n.诗人principle n.原则，原理；主义，信念selection n.选择，挑选；选集，精选物similar a.相似的，类似的tire v.（使）疲劳；使厌倦n.轮胎，车胎trait n.特征，特点，特性vocabulary n.词汇表，词汇汇编wood n.木头，木材；[pl.]小森林，树林worth n.价值a.值……的，价值……的值得……的amateur a.业余的n.业余爱好者approach vt.向……靠近n.方法，途径，探讨assure vt.使确信；保证attach vt.缚，系；使隶属，使依附commercial a.商业的，商务的，贸易的corporation n.公司，企业；社团credit n.信用贷款；信用；名誉，名望；光荣，功劳；学分deliver vt.投递，送交；发表discipline n.纪律；训练；学科vt.训练distinct a.独特的，截然不同的；清楚的，明显的enterprise n.艰巨的事业，企业；事业心exhibit vt.显示；陈列，展览expression n.词句；表达；表情；式，符号extreme n.极端，最大的程度，极度a.末端的，尽头的；极度的，极端的financial a.财政的，金融的further vt.增进，促进ad.更远，更往前a.更进一步的generation n.一代，一代人；产生highway n.公路；大路influence n.势力，权势；影响，感化v.影响，感化judge n.法官,审判员；裁判员，评判员；鉴定人v.审判，判决；评定，裁判；断定，判断later ad.后来；过一会儿layer n.层，层次；铺设者leader n.领袖；领导人local a.地方的；局部的loss n.遗失；损失；失败；亏损mechanic n.技工，机修工mend vt.改正，修正；改进origin n.起源，由来；出身，来历physician n.医生，内科医生provided conj.假如，只要，倘若relate vt.叙述，讲述；使互相关联relevant a.有关的，相应的，适当的，中肯的；实质性的，有重大意义的remain vi.剩下，余留；留待，尚须；仍然是，依旧是risk n.风险，危险，冒险v.冒…的危险rude a.无礼的，粗鲁的；猛烈的，残暴的；粗糙的，粗陋的settle v.安定，安顿；停息；安居；解决，调停site n.地点，位置；场所stake n.桩，标桩；赌注，利害关系suffer v.受痛苦，患病；受损失；遭受；忍受，忍耐threat n.威胁，恐吓，凶兆universe n.宇宙，世界advertise vi.做广告argue vi.争论，辩论，主张，说服audience n.听众，观众，读者；遏见beyond prep.在…的那边，远于，迟于，超出bid v.祝愿；命令；报价cast vt.投，扔，抛；浇铸n.演员表comment n./v.注释，评论，意见complex a.复杂的，合成的，综合的connect vt.连接，连结；联系continent n.大陆；洲couple n.一对；夫妇；力偶，电偶desire vt.欲望；要求n.愿望，欲望，要求emphasis n.强调，重点，重要性employee n.受雇者，雇员，雇工fundamental a.基础的，基本的historic a.有历史意义的，历史地holder n.持有/所有人，支持物hut n.小屋；棚屋；茅屋immediate a.立即的；直接的imply vt.暗示，意指independent a.独立的；自主的inner a.内部的；内心的listener n.听者，听众之一liver n.肝；肝脏medicine n.医学；内科学；内服药mission n.使命，任务；使团，代表团notice vt.注意n.通知；注意Outline n.轮廓；略图；大纲，梗概v.概述，略述perform vt.履行；表演，行动；表演；演出pick n.镐，鹤嘴锄v.拾，采，摘；挑选，选择porter n.搬运工人；门房prediction n.预言，预告；预报press n.报刊，出版社，通讯社；压榨机；压，按，v. 压，按；压榨，压迫；紧迫，催促，逼迫prevent vt.预防，防止；阻止push v.推，逼迫，催逼n.推，推力；促进，推进radical a.基本的，重要的；激进的，极端的；根本的responsible a.（for，to）应负责的，有责任的；可靠的，可信赖的；责任重大的，重要的scar n.伤疤，伤痕；创伤seek v.（after，for）寻找，探索；试图，企图simply ad.简单地；仅仅，只不过；朴素地；完全，简直speech n.言语，语言；演说，讲话stock n.备料，库存，现货；股票，v.储存stress n.压力，应力；重音v.着重，强调trade vi.经商，交易n.贸易，商业；职业，行业tribute n.贡品；颂词，称赞，（表示敬意的）礼物urge v.催促，力劝；强烈希望；鼓励，促进n.强烈欲望，迫切要求valid a.有效的；合理的，有根据的verbal a.用言辞的，用文字的；口头的；动词的wind n.风；气息，呼吸v.绕，缠；上发条within prep.在……里面，在……以内ad.在内access n.接近；通道，入口；接近(或进入)的方法announce vt.宣布，发表；报告……的来到cash n.现金，现款conclusion n.结束，终结；结论，推论consist vi.由……组成；在于，存在于consumption n.消费(量)，消耗contract n.契约，合同；婚约core n.果实的心，核心critical a.决定性的；批评的；临界的defend vt.保卫，防守；辩护，答辩encourage vt.鼓励，支持，怂恿excess n.超越；过量；过度exhibition n.展览focus vi.聚焦，注视n.焦点former a.在前的pron.前者fuel n.燃料vt.给……加燃料intention n.意图，意向，目的nearly ad.几乎，差不多official a.官方的，正式的n.官员opinion n.意见，看法，主张Ounce n. 盎司，英两Owner n.物主，所有人personality n.人格，个性；人物progress n.进展；进步v. 前进，进展；进步reject v.拒绝，抵制，驳回；丢弃；排斥，退掉relative a.有关系的，相关的；相对的，比较的resident a.居住的n.居民，常住者scatter v.散开，驱散；散步，散播sigh n 叹息声，叹息v.叹息，叹气spit v.吐痰，吐唾沫n.唾液spite n.恶意，怨恨stage n.舞台，戏剧；阶段，时期strange a.陌生的，生疏的；奇异的，奇怪的；外地的，异乡的survive v.幸免于，幸存；比…长命tale n.传说；故事traffic n.交通，交通量university n.大学argument n.争论，争辩，论据，论点attract vt.吸引；引起，诱惑attribute vt.把…归因于n.属性，品质，特征blame vt.责备，把……归咎于n.责任，过错，责备bound a.理应，必定，准备到……v./n.跳越challenge n.挑战，艰巨任务；难题channel n.海峡；信道；路线，途径constitute v.构成，组成；contain vt.包含，容纳；等于deep a.深的，深刻的，深切的ad.深，迟definite a.明确的；肯定的，限定的definition n.定义，释义；定界demonstrate vt.说明；论证；表露directly ad.直接地；立即disease n.疾病drama n.一出戏剧，剧本；戏剧性的场面due a.预期的；应给的，应支付的；应有的engine n.发动机，引擎；机车fell vt.砍倒(树等)；砍伐figure n.数字；外形；人物v.算出，估计，推测frequent a.时常发生的；经常的fuse n.保险丝，导火线v.熔化，熔合gain v./n.获得，利益，增加gum n.口香糖；树胶intellectual n.知识分子a.智力的justify vt.证明……是正当的lame a.跛的，瘸的；有缺陷的largely ad.主要的，基本上的；大量地leisure n.空闲时间；悠闲lest conj.惟恐，以免lock n.锁vt.锁上，锁住mass n.(聚成一体的)团，块mere a.仅仅的；纯粹的mist n.薄雾motor n.发动机；机动车organize vt.组织，编组partly ad.部分地，不完全地popular a.大众的；流行的，通俗的；广受欢迎的，有名的privilege n.特权，优惠，特许v.给予优惠，给予特权prolong vt.延长，拉长，拖延prospect n.展望；前景，前途；景色revolution n.革命；旋转，转数rival n.竞争者，对手a.竞争的v.竞争，对抗sad a.悲哀的，忧愁的saw n.锯子，锯床v.锯，锯开score n.二十；(比赛)得分，得数sight n.视力；视觉；望见；视域；眼界；情景，奇观significant n.有意义的；重要的，重大的simple a.单纯的，直率的；迟钝的，头脑简单的；简单的；朴素的solar a.太阳的，日光的sort n.种类；类别v.整理，分类species n.种类；(生物分类)种spy n.间谍，特务vt.当间谍，刺探；察觉，发现station v.驻扎；安置n.车站；所，站，局；身份，地位statistics n.统计stay vi.停留，暂住；保持下去，能继续；停止，站住n.逗留，停留sufficient a.足够的，充分的suggest v.建议，提出；使想起，暗示suit n.一套(衣服)；诉讼v.合适，适合；相配，适应super a.极好的，超级的talent n.天才；才能，天资training n.训练，培养transfer v.转移，调动；转车，转业，转学；转让，过户wonder n.惊奇，惊异；奇迹，奇事v.诧异，奇怪；纳闷，想知道难怪，怪不得academic a.学院的；学术的admit v.承认；接纳apparent a.显而易见的，明显的；表面的，貌似的appeal v./n.呼吁要求；申述，上诉；对…有吸引力assess vt.估价，评价assume vt.假定；采取；呈现atmosphere n.大气；空气；气氛；大气压attempt vt.尝试，试图n.企图，努力aware a.知道的，意识到的beneath prep./ad.在…下方，向下board n.木板；全体委员；船舷v.上船，登机，上车compete vi.比赛，竞争cope vi.对付，应付damage vt.损害，毁坏n.损害deed n.行为；事迹depress vt.使沮丧，压抑；降低educate vt.教育；培养；训练efficient a.效率高的；有能力的emotion n.感情；情绪；激动fashion n.样子，方式；风尚giant n.巨人；巨物hind a.后面的，后部的honor vt.给……以荣誉，尊敬n.尊敬，敬意；光荣icy a.冰冷的；冷冰冰的implication n.含义，暗示，暗指incident n.小事件；插曲；事变increasingly ad.日益，越来越多地innovation n.创新，改革，新设施liability n.责任；倾向；债务liable a.易于……的；可能的link vt.连接n.环，环节oar n.桨；划手vi.划(行)pie n.(西点)馅饼piece n.(文艺作品的)篇，首；碎片，断片v.拼合，拼凑policy n.政策，方针portion n.一部分；一分poverty n.贫穷，贫困preside vi.主持profit n.益处；利润，收益vi.（by，from）得利，获益；利用；有利于ray n.光线,射线recommend v.推荐，介绍;劝告,建议reflect v.反映，表现；反省，细想；考虑replace vt.把……放回；取代，替换；归还responsibility n.责任，责任心；职责，任务satellite n.卫星，人造卫星security n.安全，安全感shock n.冲击，震动；电击，触电；震惊；休克v.（使）震动，（使）震惊；（使）休克statement n.陈述，声明store v. 贮备，贮藏n.商店，店铺；贮藏，贮备品survival n.幸存(者)，残存物；生存，幸存tax v.对…征税，使负重担n.税（款），负担team vi.协同工作n.小队，小组temper n.脾气,情绪;韧度,回火度threaten v.威胁，恐吓；有…危险，快要来临tight ad.紧紧地a.紧的；紧身的，装紧的；密封的，不透…的typical a.典型的，有代表性的vitamin n.维生素，维他命warn vt.警告，告诫witness n.证据，证明；目击者，证人v.目击，目睹；作证abuse vt./ n.滥用；虐待；谩骂adopt vt.收养；采用；通过aggressive a.侵略的，好斗的；有进取心的；敢做敢为的artificial a.人工的；人为的，造作的assert vt.断言，宣称assumption n. 假设，承担bear n.熊v.忍受；负担；结果实，生子女bright a.明亮的；聪明的；聪明的chief n.首领，领袖a.主要的，首要的circumstance n.情况，形势，环境；经济情形，境况conduct n.举止，行为，品行v.引导，带领；处理，管理；指挥confidence n.信任，信心；私房话；秘密，机密confront vt.面临，遭遇，面对consistent a.前后一致的，连贯的constant a.经常的，不断的；永恒的，坚定的，忠实的construct vt.建造，建设，构筑contest vt.竞争，竞赛，比赛counter n.柜台，计数器criminal n.犯人，罪犯，刑事犯a.犯罪的，刑事的crude a.生的，未熟的；天然的，未加工的；粗鲁的，粗野的current a. 当前的；通用的n.电流，水流；潮流，趋势desirable a.值得期望的；称心如意的despite prep.不管，不顾digital a.数字的，计数的dim a.昏暗的；朦胧的；模糊的distant a.在远处的，疏远的distinction n.差别，不同，区分diver vi.跳水；潜水；俯冲dome n.圆屋顶，拱顶dramatic a.引人注目的，戏剧的；剧烈的dying a.垂死的；临终的emerge vi.出现，涌现；冒出entitle vt.把……称作，给以权利（或资格），给……题名eventually ad.终于；最后expand vt.扩大；使膨胀fault n.缺点；过失；故障flow vi.流，流动intelligent a.聪明的；理智的interior n.内部a.内部的introduce vt.提出(议案等)；介绍；引进；采用item n.条，条款；项目leading a.指导的；最主要的literature n.文学；文献，文学作品loud a.响亮的，大声的；吵闹的magazine n.杂志，期刊male a.男的，雄的n.男子manifest vt.表明，显示a.明白的mention v．/n.提到，说起note n.钞票，纸币；笔记；暗语；注释；便条occasion n.场合，时刻；时机odd a.奇数的；单只的；奇怪的；临时的，不固定的；带零头的party n.聚会，政党，党派；一方，当事人phrase n.短语；习惯用语，词语positive a.正的；阳性的；十足的，完全的；积极的，肯定的；确实的，明确的precise a.精确的，准确的pride n.骄傲；自满；自豪，自尊心，傲慢；引以自豪的东西v.使自豪，使自夸rare a.稀有的，珍奇的；稀薄的，难得的，稀疏的regulation n.规章，规则；调节，校准；调整remove vt.移动，搬开；脱掉，运走；去掉，排除resolve vt.决心，决定；（使）分解，溶解；议决，决议n.解决，解答；决心；决议reward n.（for）报酬，赏金，奖赏v.（for）酬劳，奖赏；酬谢，报答，奖酬row n.(一)排，(一)行；吵嚷，口角v.划（船）等，荡桨satisfaction n.满意，满足；乐事，愉快scale n.刻度，标度；天平，磅秤，秤；比例尺；规模；音阶；鱼鳞single a.单一的，单个的；独身的未婚的；单人的span n.跨距；一段时间spirit n.精神；气概，志气；[pl.]情绪，心情；[pl.]酒精，烈酒spread v.伸开，伸展；传播，散布n. 伸开，伸展；传播，散布stern n.船尾，舟尾a.严厉的，苛刻的；坚决的，坚定的storage n.贮藏量，保管；库房succeed v.成功；继承，接替telephone n.电话,电话机v.打电话trip v.失足，绊倒n.旅行，远足turn v.转动，旋转，翻（转），（使）变化，变成n.旋转；变向；转弯，旋转；轮流universal ad.普遍的，全体的，通用的；宇宙的，世界的vast a.巨大的；大量的；巨额的warning n.警告，absorb vt.吸收；使专心accomplish vt.完成admire vt.钦佩；赞美afford vt.买的起，担负得起……；供给appreciate vt.感激；正确评价，欣赏arise vi.出现，发生；（from）由……引起（产生）assemble vt.集合，召集；装配associate vi.使联系，使联合；交往n.伙伴，同事，同行background n.背景，后景，经历blind a.瞎的，盲目的n.百叶窗；窗帘；遮帘v.使失明，蒙蔽boom n./v. 迅速发展，兴旺，发出隆隆声camp n.野营，营地，兵营，帐篷v.设营，宿营candidate n.候选人，候补者，报名者casual a.偶然的；临时的，非正式的cement n.水泥，胶泥，胶接剂v.粘结，粘紧certainly ad.一定，必定；当然，行characterize vt.表示……的特征committee n.委员会；全体委员commodity n.商品，物品comparative a.比较的，相当的comparison n.比较，对照；比喻，比拟concentration n.集中；专心；浓缩conform v.遵守，依照，符合consideration n.考虑，思考；体贴，照顾；需要考虑的事，理由convenient a.便利的；方便的conversation n.会谈，谈话crime n.罪，罪行；犯罪define vt.给……下定义；限定degree n.程度；度；学位；等级delay vt.推迟；耽搁；延误dependence n. 依赖，依存；信赖derive v.取得，引申出;起源description n.描写，形容；种类desert vt.遗弃；擅离(职守)n.沙漠，不毛之地deserve vt.应受，值得device n.器械，装置，设备；设计，方法distance n.距离；远处efficiency n.效率；功效，效能emotional a.感情的，情绪的employer n.雇佣者，雇主entertain vt.使欢乐；招待estimate vt.估计，评价n.估计，评估exceed vt.超过，胜过；超出excessive a.过多的，极度的，过分的exclusive a.专有的，独占的；排外的explosion n.爆炸，爆发，extent n.广度；范围；程度flash vi. (火焰等)一闪,闪亮，闪现n.闪光forward ad.向前，前进gift n.礼物，赠品；天赋grand a.庄严的；伟大的；盛大的guarantee n./v.保证；担保happiness n.幸福，幸运；快乐hemisphere n.半球hence ad.因此，所以；今后host n.主人；东道主；一大群，许多；主持人ignore vt.不顾，不理，忽视impact n.影响，作用；冲击v.冲击，装紧impose vi.征税；把……强加给impress vt.印；留下极深的印象indeed ad.的确；真正地initial a.最初，开始insurance n.保险；保险费，保险业introduction n.介绍；引进；引言lag vi.走得慢，落后n.落后lawyer n.律师lecture n./vi. 演讲，讲课lung n.肺脏，肺mankind n.人类master n.主人；能手；硕士v.精通，掌握native a.本国的，本土的necessity n.必要性；必然性；必需品net vt.用网捕；用网覆盖a.净的，纯净的noise n.喧闹声；响声；噪声notion n.概念，意念；看法，观念offend v.冒犯，犯过错oppose vt.反对；反抗optimistic a.乐观的；乐观主义的orient n.东方；亚洲，远东v.定……的方位partial a.部分的；不公平的；偏袒的persuade vt.劝说；说服；相信philosopher n.哲学家，哲人pine n.松树，松木plus prep.加a.正的，加的n.加号，正号port n.港，港口possess vt.占用，拥有(财产)property n.财产；资产，所有物；性质，特性proportion n.比例；部分，份儿；均衡，相称psychological a.心理的，心理学的rational a.理性的，合理的regular a.有规则的，有规律的；整齐的，匀称的，正规的，正式的remarkable a.值得注意的；显著的，异常的，非凡的represent vt.描绘；代表；象征，代理；阐明，说明resign v.辞去，辞职retire vi.退休，引退；退却，撤退；就寝reveal vt.展现，显示；揭示，揭露，告诉，泄露sand n.沙；[pl.]沙滩，沙地scope n.（活动）范围；余地，机会screen n.屏风，屏幕；帘v.掩蔽，包庇；筛选secure a.（from，against）安全的，可靠的，放心的v.得到，获得；防护，保卫sensitive a.（to）敏感的，易受伤害的；灵敏的severe a.严格的，严厉的；剧烈的，严重的，严峻的，艰难的significance n.意义，含义；重要性，重大smooth a.光滑的，平滑的；平稳的；平静的；顺利的；流畅的；柔和的solid a.固体的；实心的；结实的，稳固的，可靠的n.固体solution n.解决方法，解答；溶解，溶液strain n.过多的疲劳，紧张；张力，应变v.扭伤，拉伤；拉紧，扯紧；紧张，尽力sudden a.突然的，意外的sympathy n.同情；同感；慰问，同情心systematic a.系统的，有组织的task n.任务，工作，作业tile n.瓦片，瓷砖；贴砖tour n./vi. 旅行，游历transaction n.处理，办理；交易，事务；[pl.]会报，学报transform v.改变，变换，变压；转化，改造，改革transport v.运输，运送，搬运n. 运输，运送，运输系统，运载工具tune n.调子，曲调；和谐，协调v.调音，调节，调整via prep.经过；通过visible a.看得见的，可见的vote n.投票，表决；选票，选票数v.投票，表决willing a.甘心情愿的，乐意的worse a./ad.更坏，更差（的/地）worthy a.可敬的，有价值的；值得……的，配得上……的accurate a.准确的，精确的activate v.使活动，启动additional a.附加的，另外的，额外的adjust vt.调整，调节；校正annoy vt.使烦恼，使生气；打搅anticipate vt. 预期，预料，期望approval n.赞成，同意；认可，批准arctic a.北极区的n.北极，北极圈arrange vt.整理，排列；安排athlete n.运动员；田径运动员attractive a.有吸引力的belt n.带，腰带；地带biology n.生物学；生态学block n.阻塞，障碍物；街区；木料v.阻塞，拦阻，封锁branch n.枝条；支流；分部；部门broadcast n./v.广播，播音captive n.俘虏，被监禁的人a.被俘虏的，被监禁的charge n.费用，代价，电荷，负荷vt.索（价），收费；控告；充电cite vt.引用，引证，举例competitor n.竞争者，敌手concerning prep.关于。
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一、时态和语法
时态是表示行为和动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动作形式。
语态也是动词的一种形式，表示助于和谓语之间的关系，时态和语法方面的知识对培养听、说、读、写能力具有重要作用。
1.While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper
before the 1960s , even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the paper. 注释since then （从那时起到现在），故谓语动词应该用现在完成时。
Seek sth.寻找；seek to do sth试图做某事。
Put pen to paper（开始）写信。
On the paper报纸上。
译文：尽管六十年代以前中等文化的人写信时也寻求高雅的笔调，但是从那时以来甚至最受赞誉的作品也一直追求报纸上的口头英语。
2. A century ago , Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were disguised
shadows of our unconscious desires and fears ; by the late 1970s , neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise ” _the random byproducts of the neuralrepair work that goes on during sleep. 注释：“by+过去时间”表示“到过去某个时间为止”，故谓语动词需要用过去完成时。
Switch to 转变。
译文：一个世纪以前，弗洛伊德系统阐述了他的革命性理论；梦是我们无意识的欲望和恐惧的变相反映。
到20世纪70年代晚期，神经家们转而认为，梦只是“精神上的噪音”，也是说，在睡眠时进行的神经修复工作的任意副产品。
3.She felt suitably humble just as she had when he had first taken a good look at her city self ,
hair wave and golden , nail red and pointed.译文：她感到称心得体，就像她以前的感觉一样，那是她第一次仔细审视了她城里人的气质，飘逸的金发、又红又尖的指甲。
4.The changes that have taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed
completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientist at the turn of the 19th century.During the last sixty years 暗示谓语动词需要用现在完成时。
译文：最近60年来空中旅行所发生的变化即使对19世纪末20世纪初最有成就的科学家来说似乎也觉得完全是不可能的。
5.I`d say whenever you are going after something that belong to you ,anyone who is depriving
you of the right to have it is criminal. Go after 追求deprive sb of sth剥夺某人某物。
译文：我想说，无论何时当你在追求属于你的东西时，任何剥夺你拥有它的权力的人都是有罪的。
6.I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible , but I was fully
occupied the whole of last week . would have gone 表示过去时间的虚拟语气，but表示语气的转折，故用陈述语气的一般过去时，即was。
Be occupied繁忙。
Had it been at all possible =if it had at all possible。
At all 在肯定句中意为“确实，真的”。
而not at all （否定句中）意为“完全不”。
译文：如果确实可能的话，我本来是要到医院去看他的，但是上周整整一周我忙的不可开交。
7.For him to be re-elected ，what is essential is not that his policy works ，but that the
public believe that it dose。
Dose代替works ，it意为this policy 。
not that …but that 不是因为…而是因为…
译文:为了他能连任,真正重要的不是他的政策有成效,而是公众认为他的政策有作用.。