国际经济学试题答案

《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案）Ch1-Ch31.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries becau seA)the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources.B)the United States is a“Superpower.”C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.D)the United States invests in many other countries.E)many countries invest in the United States.2.Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade,A)the U.S.may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.B)the U.S.may not affect the international value of the$U.S.C)the U.S.may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it invo lves a financial intermediary in New York State.D)the U.S.may not impose export duties.E)the U.S.may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii.3.International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fieldsA)macro and micro.B)developed and less developed.C)monetary and barter.D)international trade and international money.E)static and dynamic.4.International monetary analysis focuses onA)the real side of the international economy.B)the international trade side of the international economy.C)the international investment side of the international economy.D)the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks.E)the monetary side of the international economy,such as currency exchange.5.The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact thatA)trade between Asia and the U.S.has grown faster than NAFTA trade.B)trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods.C)trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products.D)Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the European U nion.E)the U.S.trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada.6.The gravity model explains whyA)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spa in.B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil.C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products.D)intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of trade b etween neighboringcountries.E)European countries rely most often on natural resources.7.Why does the gravity model work?A)Large economies became large because they were engaged in international t rade.B)Large economies have relatively large incomes,and hence spend more on g overnment promotion of trade and investment.C)Large economies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability tha t a productive activity will take place within the borders of that country.D)Large economies tend to have large incomes and tend to spend more on im ports.E)Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economies.8.We see that the Netherlands,Belgium,and Ireland trade considerably more with the United States than with many other countries.A)This is explained by the gravity model,since these are all large countries.B)This is explained by the gravity model,since these are all small countries.C)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model,since these are small countries.D)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model,since these are large countr ies.E)This is explained by the gravity model,since they do not share borders.9.In the present,most of the exports from China areA)manufactured goods.B)services.C)primary products including agricultural.D)technology intensive products.E)overpriced by world market standards.10.A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative adv antage gains from trade because itA)is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B)is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.C)is producing exports using fewer labor units.D)is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E)is producing exports while outsourcing services.11.The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade associated with the prin ciple of comparative advantage result toA)differences in technology.B)differences in preferences.C)differences in labor productivity.D)differences in resources.E)gravity relationships among countries.12.A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its co nsumption bundleA)inside its production possibilities frontier.B)on its production possibilities frontier.C)outside its production possibilities frontier.D)inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E)on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.13.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the U nited States equal$20per hour while wages in Japan are$10per hour.Produc tion costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA)bor productivity equaled40units per hour and Japan's15units per h our.B)bor productivity equaled30units per hour and Japan's20units per h our.C)bor productivity equaled20units per hour and Japan's30units per hour.D)bor productivity equaled15units per hour and Japan's25units per h our.E)bor productivity equaled15units per hour and Japan's40units per h our.14.In a two-country,two-product world,the statement“Germany enjoys a co mparative advantage over France in autos relative to ships”is equivalent toA)France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B)France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany in autos a nd ships.C)Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D)France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E)France should produce autos.15.If the United States'production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis,whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis,we know thatA)the United States has no comparative advantageB)Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C)the U.S.has a comparative advantage in butter.D)Germany has comparative advantages in both products.E)the U.S.has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.Ch4-Ch51.The Ricardian model of international trade demonstrates that trade can be m utually beneficial.Why,then,do governments restrict imports of some goods?A)Trade can have substantial effects on a country's distribution of income.B)The Ricardian model is often incorrect in its prediction that trade can be mu tually beneficial.C)Import restrictions are the result of trade wars between hostile countries.D)Imports are only restricted when foreign-made goods do not meet domestic standards of qualityE)Restrictions on imports are intended to benefit domestic consumers.2.Japan's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the fact thatA)japanese rice farmers have significant political power.B)Japan has a comparative advantage in rice production and therefore export s most of its rice crop.C)there would be no gains from trade available to Japan if it engaged in free t rade in rice.D)there are gains from trade that Japan captures by engaging in free trade in r ice.E)Japan imports most of the rice consumed in the country.3.In the specific factors model,which of the following is treated as a specific fa ctor?A)LaborB)LandC)ClothD)FoodE)Technology4.The specific factors model assumes that there are________goods and_____ ___factor(s)of production.A)two;threeB)two;twoC)two;oneD)three;twoE)four;three5.The slope of a country's production possibility frontier with cloth measured on thehorizontal and food measured on the vertical axis in the specific factors model is equal to________and it________as more cloth is produced.A)-MPLF/MPLC;becomes steeperB)-MPLF/MPLC;becomes flatterC)-MPLF/MPLC;is constantD)-MPLC/MPLF;becomes steeperE)-MPLC/MPLF;is constant6.Under perfect competition,the equilibrium price of labor used to produce cl oth will be equal toA)the slope of the production possibility frontier.B)the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cl oth.C)the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the production of food times the ratio of the pric e of cloth.to the price of food.D)the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.E)the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of labor in the productio n of cloth.7.In the specific factors model,which of the following will increase the quantit y of labor used in cloth production?A)an increase in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB)an increase in the price of food relative to that of clothC)a decrease in the price of laborD)an equal percentage decrease in the price of food and clothE)an equal percentage increase in the price of food and cloth8.A country that does not engage in trade can benefit from trade only ifA)it has an absolute advantage in at least one good.B)it employs a unique technology.C)pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not identical.D)its wage rate is below the world average.E)pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are identical.9.In the specific factors model,the effects of trade on welfare are________for mobile factors,________for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and________for fixed factors used to produce the imported good.A)ambiguous;positive;negativeB)ambiguous;negative;positiveC)positive;ambiguous;ambiguousD)negative;ambiguous;ambiguousE)positive;positive;positive10.The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-competing industries will be________jobs and________pay because they are relatively________.A)fewer;lower;mobileB)fewer;lower;immobileC)more;lower;immobileD)more;higher;mobileE)more;higher;immobile11.There is a bias in the political process against free trade becauseA)there is a high correlation between the volume of imports and the unemploy ment rate.B)the gains from free trade cannot be measured.C)those who gain from free trade can't compensate those who lose.D)foreign governments make large donations to U.S.political campaigns.E)those who lose from free trade are better organized than those who gain.12.In the2-factor,2good Heckscher-Ohlin model,the two countries differ inA)tastes and preferences.B)military capabilities.C)the size of their economies.D)relative abundance of factors of production.E)labor productivities.13.If a country produces good Y(measured on the vertical axis)and good X( measured on the horizontal axis),then the absolute value of the slope of its pr oduction possibility frontier is equal toA)the opportunity cost of good X.B)the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.C)the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.D)the opportunity cost of good Y.E)the cost of capital(assuming that good Y is capital intensive)divided by the cost of labor.14.In the2-factor,2good Heckscher-Ohlin model,trade will________the ow ners of a country's________factor and will________the good that uses that f actor intensively.A)benefit;abundant;exportB)harm;abundant;importC)benefit;scarce;exportD)benefit;scarce;importE)harm;scarce;export15.The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that,unlike in the Ricardian model,it is likely thatA)countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.B)countries will benefit from free international trade.C)countries will not be fully specialized in one product.D)comparative advantage will not determine the direction of trade.E)global production will decrease under trade.16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land intensive then trade between these two,formerly autarkic countries will result inA)an increase in the relative price of food in the U.S.B)an increase in the relative price of food in Japan.C)a global increase in the relative price of food.D)a decrease in the relative price of food in both countries.E)an increase in the relative price of food in both countries.17.Starting from an autarky(no-trade)situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model,if Country H is relatively labor abundant,then once trade beginsA)rent will be unchanged but wages will rise in H.B)wages and rents should rise in H.C)wages and rents should fall in H.D)wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E)wages should rise and rents should fall in H.18.The Leontieff ParadoxA)failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B)supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.C)supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D)failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.E)proved that the U.S.economy is different from all others.19.Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A)Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all fac tors across borders.B)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C)In the long-run,labor is mobile and capital is not.D)The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's indus tries.E)Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative adv antage.20.Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of the labor -intensive good and decrease production of the capital-intensive good.B)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C)In the long-run,labor is mobile and capital is not.D)Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all fa ctors across borders.E)Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country,which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative adv antage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth(PC)divided by the price of food(PF)increases i n the international marketplace,thenA)the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.B)all countries would be better off.C)the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.D)the terms of trade of all countries will improve.E)the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worsen.2.If the ratio of price of cloth(PC)divided by the price of food(PF)increases i n the international marketplace,thenA)world relative quantity of cloth supplied will increase.B)world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will increase.C)world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will decrease.D)world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.E)world relative quantity of food will increase.3.If the U.S.(a large country)imposes a tariff on its imported good,this will te nd toA)have no effect on terms of trade.B)improve the terms of trade of the United States.C)improve the terms of trade of all countries.D)because a deterioration of U.S.terms of trade.E)raise the world price of the good imported by the United States.4.If Slovenia were a large country in world trade,then if it instituted a large set of subsidies for its exports,this mustA)decrease its marginal propensity to consume.B)have no effect on its terms of trade.C)improve its terms of trade.D)harm its terms of trade.E)harm world terms of trade.5.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unitA)falls as the average firm grows larger.B)rises as the industry grows larger.C)falls as the industry grows larger.D)rises as the average firm grows larger.E)remains constant over a broad range of output.6.External economies of scale will________average cost when output is____ ____by_______.A)reduce;increased;the industryB)reduce;increased;a firmC)increase;increased;a firmD)increase;increased;the industryE)reduce;reduce;the industry7.If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each country, we should not expect to seeA)perfect competition in these industries.B)intra-industry trade between countries.C)inter-industry trade between countries.D)high levels of specialization in both countries.E)increased productivity in both countries.8.A learning curve relates________to________and is a case of________retu rns.A)unit cost;cumulative production;dynamic decreasing returnsB)output per time period;long-run marginal cost;dynamic increasing returnsC)unit cost;cumulative production;dynamic increasing returnsD)output per time period;long-run marginal cost;dynamic decreasing returnsE)labor productivity;education;increasing marginal returns9.Patterns of interregional trade are primarily determined by________rather t han________because factors of production are generally________.A)external economies;natural resources;mobileB)internal economies;external economies;mobileC)external economies;population;immobileD)internal economies;population;immobileE)population;external economies;immobile10.Monopolistic competition is associated withA)product differentiation.B)price-taking behavior.C)explicit consideration at the firm level of the strategic impact of other firms' pricing decisions.D)high profit margins in the long run.E)increasing returns to scale.11.A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition will earnA)positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentiated product.B)zero economic profits because of free entryC)positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differentiated product.D)negative economic profits because it has economies of scale.E)positive economic profit if it engages in international trade.12.The most common form of price discrimination in international trade isA)dumping.B)non-tariff barriers.C)Voluntary Export Restraints.D)preferential trade arrangements.E)product boycotts.13.Consider the following two cases.In the first,a U.S.firm purchases18%ofa foreign firm.In the second,a U.S.firm builds a new production facility in a f oreign country.Both are________,with the first referred to as________and t he second as________.A)foreign direct investment(FDI)outflows;brownfield;greenfieldB)foreign direct investment(FDI)inflows;greenfield;brownfieldC)foreign direct investment(FDI)outflows;greenfield;brownfieldD)foreign direct investment(FDI)inflows;brownfield;greenfieldE)foreign direct investment(FDI);inflows;outflows14.Specific tariffs areA)import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B)import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C)import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D)the same as import quotas.E)import taxes calculated based solely on the origin country.15.A problem encountered when implementing an"infant industry"tariff is tha tA)domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of the tariff.B)the industry may never"mature."C)most industries require tariff protection when they are mature.D)the tariff may hurt the industry's domestic sales.E)the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.16.In the country levying the tariff,the tariff willA)increase both consumer and producer surplus.B)decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.C)decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.D)increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E)decrease consumer surplus but leave producers surplus unchanged.17.If the tariff on computers is not changed,but domestic computer producers shift from domestically produced semiconductors to imported components,th en the effective rate of protection in the computer industry willA)increase.B)decreaseC)remain the same.D)depend on whether computers are PCs or"Supercomputers."E)no longer apply.18.When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free,this generally results in a(an)A)effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.B)nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.C)rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D)fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates.E)rise in only the effective tar iff rate.19.Should the home country be"large"relative to its trade partners,its imposit ion of a tariff on imports would lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the t erms of the trade rectangle exceed the sum of theA)revenue effect plus redistribution effect.B)protective effect plus revenue effect.C)consumption effect plus redistribution effect.D)production distortion effect plus consumption distortion effect.E)terms of trade gain.20.The efficiency case made for free trade is that as trade distortions such as tariffs are dismantledand removed,A)government tariff revenue will decrease,and therefore national economic welfare will decreaseB)government tariff revenue will decrease,and therefore national economic welfare will increase.C)deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease,hence increasi ng national economic welfare.D)deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease,hence decreas ing national economic welfare.E)government tariff revenue will increase,hence increasing national economic welfare.21.Which organization determines procedures for the settlement of internation al trade disputes?A)World BankB)World Trade OrganizationC)International Monetary OrganizationD)International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentE)The League of Nations22.Today U.S.protectionism is concentrated inA)high-tech industries.B)labor-intensive industries.C)industries in which Japan has a comparative advantage.D)computer intensive industries.E)capital-intensive industries.23.The quantitative importance of U.S.protection of the domestic clothing in dustry is best explained by the fact thatA)this industry is an important employer of highly skilled labor.B)this industry is an important employer of low skilled labor.C)most of the exporters of clothing into the U.S.are poor countries.D)this industry is a politically well organized sector in the U.S.E)the technology involved is very advanced.24.The optimum tariff is most likely to apply toA)a small tariff imposed by a small country.B)a small tariff imposed by a large country.C)a large tariff imposed by a small country.D)a large tariff imposed by a large country.E)an ad valorem tariff on a small country.25.The median voter modelA)works well in the area of trade policy.B)is not intuitively reasonable.C)tends to result in biased tariff rates.D)does not work well in the area of trade policy.E)is not widely practiced in the United States.。