2014江苏省溧水县高考英语最后冲刺 阅读理解巩固训练3

2014江苏省溧水县高考英语阅读理解巩固训练阅读理解--------ATechnology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as suc h a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.Workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn't the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmer away. The increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.1. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused bythe use of scientific findings in the production of goods?A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.B. The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.C. The increased use of machines to make products in less time.D. The use of machines producing parts of the same standard.答案解析：答案为B。

本题为细节题。

从文章的第一段“One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produc e the same parts for a product:” 可知，A、C、D都在文中提到了。

故答案为B。

2. According to the writer, highly skilled workers ______A. completely disappea red with the coming of the factory systemB. were dismissed by the bossC. were unable to produce goods of high standardD. were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines答案解析：答案为D。

本题为细节题。

从文章第二段“Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goodsof high standard to be produced in greater nu mber than could ever be done by hand.”可知，机器批量生产的产品标准高，数量多，这是手工生产无法匹敌的。

故答案为D。

3. According to the passage, what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?A. Many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.B. They stuck to their farm work.C. They refused to use machines.D They did their best to learn how to use the machines.答案解析：答案为A。

本题为细节题。

从第二段的倒数第四句话“They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.”可知，答案为A。

阅读理解解读Telling fewer lies benefits people physically and mentally. Anita Kelly, study author and professor of psychology at the University of Notre Dame, employed 110 adult s for her study. She divided them into two groups and asked one group to stop lying for 10 weeks. Lies included big ones and tiny ones—any false statements—but participants were still allowed to leave out the truth, keep secrets and avoid questions they didn't want to answer, etc. The other group wasn't given any special instructions about lying.It turns out that both groups reduced their lying, but those who were speci fically told to tell the truth improved their health more. “We found that the participants could purposefully and dramatically reduce their everyday lies, and that in turn was associated with significantly improved health，” said Kelly.When participants in the no­lie group told three fewer white lies than they did in other weeks, they experienced, on average, fewer mental­health complaints and physical complaints. They were less likely to feel tense or sad and also experienced fewer sore throats and headaches. They also reported that personal relationships improved. Additionally, participants found themselves honest about their daily accomplishments, and they stopped making up excuses for being late or failing to complete a task, for example.“It's certainly a worthy goal to have people be more honest and interact with others in a more honest way，” says psychologist Robert Feldman. “That would be beneficial, I'm a little doubtful whether it makes us all healthier, but it may make us healthier in a psychological way.”文章大意：本文是一篇科研报告。