商业银行资本充足率管理办法
《商业银行资本管理办法(试行》解读

一、《商业银行资本管理办法》的主要内容2012年6月7日,中国银行业监管机构中国银监会颁布了《商业银行资本管理办法(试行)》(以下简称《办法》)。
《办法》的正式出台是中国银行业改革过程中具有里程碑意义的大事,将对中国银行业产生划时代的影响。
《办法》综合了第Ⅱ版和第Ⅲ版巴塞尔资本协议(以下简称巴塞尔Ⅱ和巴塞尔Ⅲ)的监管要求,反映了中国银行业的特点。
全文包括10章和17个附件,第1章总则部分主要明确资本充足率的概念、计算口径、原则等基本内容,第2到9章及17个附件主要围绕资本充足率的管理(包括计算、评估和披露等),第10章附则部分主要明确实施并行期安排。
《办法》提出了并表资本充足率和非并表资本充足率的概念,规定了并表计算的范围,除财务并表定义的范围,并表计算还包括虽未拥有被投资金融机构多数表决权或控制权,但是总体风险足以对银行集团的财务状况及风险水平造成重大影响,以及被投资金融机构合规风险、声誉风险造成的危害和损失足以对声誉造成重大影响的机构。
关于资本充足率部分,《办法》提出了四个层次的资本充足率监管要求,覆盖了商业银行个体风险和系统性风险。
其中核心一级资本充足率、一级资本充足率和资本充足率要求分别为5%、6%和8%;储备资本要求为风险加权资产的2.5%,由核心一级资本来满足,逆周期资本要求为风险加权资产的0-2.5%,由核心一级资本来满足;国内系统重要性银行附加资本要求为风险加权资产的1%,由核心一级资本满足,全球系统重要性银行不得低于巴塞尔委员会的统一规定;在第二支柱框架下,针对部分资产组合提出特定资本要求。
其中逆周期和系统重要性银行的资本充足率要求体现了宏观审慎性监管的考量。
关于资本部分,《办法》重新定义了资本,对资本质量提出了更高要求,将资本分成核心一级资本、其他一级资本、和二级资本。
关于风险覆盖部分,《办法》扩大了风险覆盖范围,增加了对压力VaR值、新增风险、特定风险、再证券化的资本要求。
商业银行资本充足率管理办法

商业银行资本充足率管理办法中国银行业监督管理委员会令[2004]2号颁布时间:2004-2-23发文单位:中国银行业监督管理委员会第一章总则第一条为加强对商业银行资本充足率的监管,促进商业银行安全、稳健运行,根据《中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法》、《中华人民共和国商业银行法》、《中华人民共和国外资金融机构管理条例》等法律法规,制定本办法。
第二条本办法适用于在中华人民共和国境内设立的商业银行,包括中资银行、外资独资银行、中外合资银行。
第三条本办法中的资本充足率,是指商业银行持有的、符合本办法规定的资本与商业银行风险加权资产之间的比率。
第四条商业银行资本充足率的计算应建立在充分计提贷款损失准备等各项损失准备的基础之上。
第五条商业银行资本应抵御信用风险和市场风险。
第六条商业银行应同时计算未并表的资本充足率和并表后的资本充足率。
第七条商业银行资本充足率不得低于百分之八,核心资本充足率不得低于百分之四。
第八条中国银行业监督管理委员会(以下简称银监会)按照本办法对商业银行资本充足率、资本管理状况进行监督检查。
第九条商业银行应按照本办法披露资本充足率信息。
第二章资本充足率计算第十条商业银行计算并表后的资本充足率时,应将以下机构纳入并表范围:(一)商业银行拥有其过半数以上(不包括半数)权益性资本的被投资金融机构,包括:商业银行直接拥有其过半数以上权益性资本的被投资金融机构;商业银行的全资子公司拥有其过半数以上权益性资本的被投资金融机构;商业银行与其全资子公司共同拥有其过半数以上权益性资本的被投资金融机构。
(二)商业银行不拥有其过半数以上的权益性资本,但与被投资金融机构之间有下列情况之一的,应将其纳入并表范围:通过与其他投资者之间的协议,持有该机构半数以上的表决权;根据章程或协议,有权控制该机构的财务和经营政策;有权任免该机构董事会或类似权力机构的多数成员;在该机构董事会或类似权力机构有半数以上投票权。
可以不列入并表范围的机构包括:已关闭或已宣告破产的金融机构;因终止而进入清算程序的金融机构;决定在一年之内售出而短期持有其过半数以上权益性资本的金融机构;受所在国外汇管制及其他突发事件影响、资金调度受到限制的境外附属金融机构。
商业银行资本管理办法(二)2024

商业银行资本管理办法(二)引言概述:商业银行资本管理办法(二)是商业银行为了规范和管理自身的资本运作,保持良好的资本结构和稳定的资本水平而制定的一系列规定和指导原则。
本文将分为5个大点详细阐述商业银行资本管理办法的要点和具体措施。
1. 资本运作风险管理1.1 确定资本需求:商业银行应根据自身的规模、业务结构和风险状况,科学确定资本的总量和构成。
1.2 资本补充计划:商业银行应建立资本充足计划,确保在经济下行压力增大或发生风险事件时能及时补充资本。
1.3 资本调整机制:商业银行应根据经营状况和风险承受能力,及时进行资本调整,以保持合适的资本水平。
2. 风险敞口监控2.1 风险辨识与预警:商业银行应建立完善的风险辨识和预警机制,准确评估和识别各类风险敞口,及时采取风险控制措施。
2.2 风险分类与评估:商业银行应对不同类型风险进行分类,并根据其风险性质、程度和影响范围进行风险评估。
2.3 风险监测与报告:商业银行应定期监测和报告风险状况,确保上层管理层能够获得及时、准确的风险信息。
3. 资本管理工具3.1 股本管理:商业银行应制定合理的股本政策,包括股本构成、股本募集和股本回报等方面,以实现资本的长期稳定。
3.2 资本补充工具:商业银行可以灵活运用各类补充资本工具,如优先股、可转债等,以满足资本需求和盈利目标。
3.3 内部资本管理:商业银行应建立健全的内部资本管理制度,包括风险分配、资本分配和绩效评估等,以实现资本的有效配置和使用。
4. 监管合规要求4.1 资本监管框架:商业银行应遵守国家和监管机构的资本监管要求,包括总资本充足率、核心一级资本充足率等指标的合规性。
4.2 资本报告及披露:商业银行应及时、准确地向监管机构报告资本状况,并按规定披露相关信息。
4.3 内部合规控制:商业银行应建立健全内部合规控制体系,包括资本管理内控、合规审查和风险控制等,确保资本管理符合监管要求和内部规定。
5. 资本管理有效性评估5.1 资本经济学评估:商业银行应定期进行资本经济学评估,评估资本的经济适应性和效能,以提高资本利用效率。
商业银行资本管理办法

阅读感受
在我深入阅读并理解《商业银行资本管理办法》后,我深感这部法规不仅充 分反映了我国商业银行的实际运营情况,还巧妙地融入了国际监管改革的最新成 果,为我国的资本监管制度带来了全面而深刻的完善。
我被这部法规对差异化资本监管体系的构建所吸引。这种差异化的资本监管 模式,使得资本监管更加贴近银行的规模和业务复杂程度,为中小银行降低了合 规成本,提高了监管效率。这样的设计无疑是我国金融监管机构对银行实际情况 的深刻理解和灵活应对的体现,同时也为我国商业银行的健康发展提供了有力保 障。
对于资本充足率未达到监管要求的商业银行,银监会将采取一系列监管措施,包括责令限期整改、 限制业务扩张、限制资产增长等。对于严重违反规定的银行,监管部门还将依法给予行政处罚, 并追究相关责任人的法律责任。
《商业银行资本管理办法》的出台,标志着中国银行业资本监管制度的进一步完善。该办法的实 施将有助于提升商业银行的风险管理能力,维护银行体系的稳健运行,保护广大存款人和金融消 费者的合法权益。也将推动中国银行业实现高质量发展,更好地服务于实体经济和社会发展。
商业银行资本管理办法
读书笔记
01 思维导图
03 精彩摘录 05 目录分析
目录
02 内容摘要 04 阅读感受 06 作者简介
思维导图
本书关键字分析思维导图
管理
商业银行
银行
监管
包括
办法
风险管理
商业银 行
办法
资本
充足
不得
资本
风险
银行业
要求
低于
一级
中国
内容摘要
内容摘要
《商业银行资本管理办法》是中国银行业监督管理委员会(简称银监会)为加强商业银行资本监 管,维护银行体系稳健运行而制定的一项重要法规。该办法明确了商业银行资本的定义、构成、 计算和监管要求,旨在引导商业银行加强资本管理,提高资本充足率水平,增强风险抵御能力。 该办法明确了商业银行资本的定义,即银行为覆盖风险而持有的自有资金。资本由核心一级资本、 其他一级资本和二级资本构成。其中,核心一级资本是最为稳定的资本,包括实收资本或普通股、 资本公积、盈余公积、一般风险准备、未分配利润和少数股东资本可计入部分;其他一级资本包 括符合条件的优先股、永续债等;二级资本包括未公开储备、资产重估储备、普通贷款损失准备、 从属债务和长期次级债务等。 资本充足率是指商业银行持有的符合规定的资本与风险加权资产之间的比率。
商业银行资本充足率管理办法

商业银行资本充足率管理办法商业银行资本充沛率管理方法(2022修正)Measures for the Management of Capital Adequacy Ratios of Commercial Banks(Promulgated and implemented by Order No. 2 [2022] of China Banking Regulatory Commission and amended according to the Decision of China Banking Regulatory Commission on Revising the Measures for the Management of Capital Adequacy Ratios of Commercial Banks as adopted at the 55th chairmen's meeting of China Banking Regulatory Commission on December 28, 2022)Chapter I General ProvisionsArticle 1 In order to strengthen the supervision over the capital adequacy ratios of commercial banks, promote the safety and stability of commercial banks, the present Measures are formulated in accordance with the Banking Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Commercial Banks, the Administrative Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-funded Financial Institutions and other relevant laws and regulations.Article 2 The present Measures shall be applicable to the commercial banks established within the territory of the People's Republic of China, including Chinese-funded banks, whollyforeign-funded banks and Sino-foreign equity joint banks.Article 3 The term "capital adequacy ratio" as mentioned in the present Measures refers to the ratio between the capital, which is held by a commercial bank and meets the requirements of the Present Measures,and the risk-weighted assets of the commercial bank.The "core capital adequacy ratio of a commercial bank" refers to the ratio between the core capital, which is held by the commercial bank and meets the requirements of the present Measures, and the risk-weighted assets of the commercial bank.Article 4 The calculation of the capital adequacy ratio of a commercial bank shall be based on provision for loan loss and other losses.Article 5 The capital of a commercial bank shall prevent credit risk and market risk.Article 6 A commercial bank shall simultaneously calculate the unconsolidated capital adequacy ratio and the consolidated capital adequacy ratio.Article 7 The capital adequacy ratio shall not be lower than 8%, the core capital adequacy ratio shall not be lower than 4%.Article 8 China Banking Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as the CBRC)shall conduct supervision and inspection over the capital adequacy ratios and the capital management status of commercial banks.Article 9 The commercial banks shall disclose the information related to capital adequacy ratios in accordance with the present Measures.Chapter II Calculation of Capital Adequacy RatiosArticle 10 When calculating the consolidated capital adequacy ratio, a commercial bank shall list the following institutions into the consolidation scope:(1)The financial institutions with more than half of their equity capital owned by the commercial bank, including:(a)A financial institution with more than half of its equity capital directly owned by the commercial bank;(b)A financial institution with more than half of its equity capital owned by its wholly-funded subsidiary;(c)A financial institution with more than half of its equity capital owned by the commercial bank and its wholly-funded subsidiary.(2)A financial institution with at least half of its equity capital not owned by the commercial bank shall be listed into the consolidation scope if the commercial bank:(a)holds more than half of its voting rights by concluding agreements with other investors;(b)has the power to control the financial affairs and operating policies of this institution according to the articles of association or agreement;(c)has the power to appoint or dismiss most of the members in the board of directors or the similar powerful institution of this financial institution; or(d)holds more than half of the voting rights in the board of directors or the similar powerful institution.The institutions that may not be listed into the consolidation scope shall include the financial institutions that have been closed or have been announced bankruptcy; the financial institutions that have entered into theliquidation procedure; the financial institutions with more than half of their equity capital owned by the commercial bank, which decides to sell it out within a year; the overseas subsidiary financial institutions whose fund procurement capacity is limited due to the control on foreign exchange by the countries where they are located or the impact of other emergencies.Article 11 The calculation formulas of the capital adequacy ratio of a commercial bank:The capital adequacy ratio = (capital - the deduction items)/ (the risk-weighted assets + 12.5 times of market risk capital)The core capital adequacy ratio = (core capital - core capital deduction items)/ (the risk-weighted assets + 12.5 times of market risk capital)Article 12 The capital of a commercial bank includes the core capital and supplementary capital.The core capital includes the paid-up capital or common stocks, capital reserves, surplus reserves, undistributed profits and minority interests.The supplementary capital includes the re-evaluation reserves, general reserves, preferred stocks, convertible bonds, fixed capital bonds and long-term subordinated debts.The positive alteration, but no more than 50%, to the fair value of available-for-sale bonds that have been calculated into the owners' rights and interests may be calculated into the supplementary capital; and the negative alteration to the fair value shall be deducted from the supplementary capital. When a commercial bank calculates the capital adequacy ratio, it shall transfer the fair value of available-for-sale bondsthat have been calculated into the capital reserves from the core capital into the supplementary capital.Article 13 The supplementary capital of a commercial bank shall not exceed 100 % of its core capital. The long-term subordinated debts listed into the supplementary capital shall not exceed 50% of the core capital.Article 14 When calculating the capital adequacy ratio, the commercial bank shall deduct the following items from the capital:(1)Goodwill;(2)50% of the capital investment made by the commercial bank in the unconsolidated financial institutions; and(3)50% of the investment made by the commercial bank innon-self-use immovable property and enterprise capital.Article 15 When calculating the core capital adequacy ratio, the commercial bank shall deduct the following items from the core capital:(1)Goodwill;(2)50% of the capital investment made by the commercial bank in the unconsolidated financial institutions; and(3)50% of the capital investment made by the commercial bank in non-self-use immovable property and enterprise.Article 16 When calculating the weighted-risk assets of all loans, the commercial bank shall deduct the specific reserve from the book value of the loans, and shall deduct the provision for the depreciation of other types of assets from the book values of the corresponding assets.Article 17 The external credit grade evaluation result of the corresponding country or region shall be the benchmark of the risk weight of a commercial bank's credit abroad. When differentcredit grade evaluation companies have different evaluation results about the same country or region, the relatively lower one shall be chosen as the benchmark.(1)With regard to the credits held by it against the government of another country or region, if this country or region is with rating as AA or higher, the risk weight is 0%; if lower than AA, the risk weight is 100%;(2)With regard to the credits held by it against an overseas commercial bank or securities company, if the country or region where this commercial bank or securities company is located is with rating as AA or higher, the risk weight is 50%; if lower than AA, the risk weight is 100%.(3)With regard to the credits held by it against a public utility enterprise invested by the government of another country or region, if this country or region is with rating as AA or higher, the risk weight is 50%; if lower than AA, the risk weight is 100%.Article 18 The risk weight of the credits held by a commercial bank against a multi-lateral development bank shall be 0%.Article 19 The risk weight of all the credits in RMB or foreign currencies held by a commercial bank against the Central Government of our country and the People's Bank of China shall be 0%.The risk weight of the credits held by a commercial bank against the public utility enterprises invested by the Central Government of our country shall be 50%.Article 20 The risk weight of the credits held by a commercial bank against a policy bank of our country shall be 0%.Article 21 The risk weight of the credits held by a commercial bank against another commercial bank of our country shall be 20%, and the risk weight of the credits with an original time limit of four months or shorter shall be 0%.The risk weight of fixed capital bonds and long-term subordinated debts held by a commercial bank against another commercial bank of our country shall be 100%.Article 22 The risk weight of a commercial bank's directional bonds issued by the financial asset management companies invested by the Central Government of our country for the purpose of purchasing thenon-performing loans of state-owned banks shall be 0%.The risk weight of the other credits held by a commercial bank against the financial asset management companies invested by the Central Government of our country shall be 100%.Article 23 The risk weight of the credits held by a commercial bank against an enterprise, individual or other assets shall be 100%.Article 24 The risk weight of individual housing mortgage loans shall be 50%.Article 25 The following items can play a role of mitigating the risks:(1)The specified cash in the form of a special account, sealed money or security;(2)Gold;(3)Bank deposit certificates;(4)The state debts issued by the Ministry of Finance of our country;(5)The instruments issued by the People's Bank of China;(6)The bonds and instruments issued by the policy banks or commercial banks of our country and the drafts honored by them;(7)The bonds and instruments issued by the public utility enterprises invested by the Central Government of our country and the drafts honored by them;(8)The bonds issued by the government of a country or region with rating AA or higher, the bonds and instruments issued by the commercial banks and securities companies registered in this country or region, or the public utility enterprises invested by the government, and the drafts honored by them; and(9)The bonds issued by multi-lateral development banks.A loan by putting any of the items as mentioned in the preceding paragraph in pledge shall obtain the same risk weight as the corresponding item or the risk weight of the direct credit held by the issuer or acceptor of the corresponding item. With regard to a loan with any item partly pledged, the part under protection of the item shall obtain the corresponding low risk weight.Article 26 The guaranties provided by the following guaranty subjects can play a role in mitigating the risks:(1)The policy banks and commercial banks of our country;(2)The state organs of our country approved by the State Councilto re-lend loans extended by foreign governments or international economic organizations;(3)The public utility enterprises invested by the Central Government of our country;(4)The governments of the countries or regions with rating as AA or higher, the commercial banks registered in these countries or regions and the public utility enterprises invested by the governments of these countries or regions; and(5)Multi-lateral development banks.A loan on the basis of the full guaranty provided by any of the guaranty subjects as mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall have the same risk weight as the direct credit against the guarantor. As for a loan partly guaranteed, the guaranteed part of the loan shall have the corresponding low risk weight.Article 27 A commercial bank shall calculate and deduct the capital for the credit risks of the unconsolidated businesses.A commercial bank shall multiply the unconsolidated businesses in the name of the unconsolidated items by the credit conversion coefficient, obtaining the risk assets identical with the consolidated items, then it shall determine their risk weights according to the transaction objects, finally it shall calculate the corresponding risk-weighted assets of the unconsolidated items.The risk-weighted assets of exchange rates, interest rates and other agreements on derivative products shall be calculated through the current risk exposure approach.Article 28 A commercial bank shall calculate and deduct the capitalfor market risk.The term "market risks" refers to the risks of losses of consolidated and unconsolidated positions caused by the variation of market price. The market risks as mentioned in the present Measures include risks that various financial instruments and stocks in the transaction account may be affected by interest rates, all the risks of foreign exchange and risks of commodities of a commercial bank.Article 29 A commercial bank shall establish a transaction account. The prices of all the items in the transaction account shall be calculated according to the market prices.The transaction account shall cover the positions of financial instruments held for a short period by the commercial bank in carrying on self-operations and expected to yield profits from the actual or expected price differences, or the variation of other prices or interest rates in future sales or dealings; the positions held for making dealings entrusted by clients and making market; and positions held for avoiding risks of the transaction account and other items.Article 30 A commercial bank whose total positions in the transaction account exceed 10% of the total assets or RMB 8.5 billion yuan shall calculate and deduct the market risk capital.Article 31 A commercial bank that isn't required to calculate and deduct market risk capital according to the present Measures shall report its market risk positions to the China Banking Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as CBRC)each quarter.Article 32 A commercial bank shall calculate the market risk capital through the standard approach as prescribed in the present Measures. Upon examination and approval of the CBRC, a commercial bank may calculate market risk capital through the internal model approach.Chapter III. Supervision and InspectionArticle 33 The board of directors of a commercial bank shall bear the final liabilities for the capital adequacy management of this bank, shall be responsible for determining the target of capital adequacy management, shall examine and decide the risk capacity and shall formulate andconduct supervision over the implementation of capital plans. Where the commercial bank has established the board of directors, the president of the bank shall be responsible.Article 34 The senior managerial personnel of a commercial bank shall be responsible for carrying out capital adequacy management, which includes formulating bylaws on the capital adequacy management of this bank, perfecting the identification, measurement and reporting procedures for credit risks and market risks, shall regularly assess the capital adequacy level, shall establish corresponding capital management mechanism, shall strengthen the examination and audit over the capital assessment procedure and shall ensure that all supervisory and control measures be carried out effectively.Article 35 A commercial bank shall report the unconsolidated and consolidated capital adequacy ratios to the CBRC. The consolidated capital adequacy ratio shall be reported once every half year and the unconsolidated capital adequacy ratio shall be reported once every quarter. When confronting any extremely serious matter involving capital adequacy, it shall report it to CBRC in time.Article 36 The CBRC shall conduct on-the-spot inspection andnon-on-the-spot monitoring over the capital adequacy ratio of each commercial bank. The inspection shall mainly cover the following:(1)The formulation and implementation of the bylaws related to the capital adequacy ratio of the commercial bank;(2)The commercial bank's capital plan on keeping the capital adequacy ratio and its implementation of the plan, its ability and methods to monitor the capital level;(3)The status of the credit risks and market risks of the commercial bank; and(4)Whether the establishment of the transaction account or the item pricing meets the provisions of the present Measures.Article 37 The CBRC may ask a commercial bank to increase the minimum standard for capital adequacy ratio according to its risk status and risk management capacity.Article 38 The CBRC may classify the commercial banks into the following three categories on the basis of their respective capital adequacy ratio:(1)Commercial banks with adequate capital: the capital adequacy ratio not lower than 8%, the core capital adequacy ratio not lower than 4%;(2)Commercial banks with inadequate capital: the capital adequacy ratio lower than 8%, or the core capital adequacy ratio lower than 4%; and(3)Commercial banks whose capital is seriously inadequate: the capital adequacy ratio lower than 4 %, or the core capital adequacy ratio lower than 2%.Article 39 The CBRC shall encourage the commercial banks withadequate capital to develop business stably and soundly. In order to prevent their capital adequacy ratio from sliding lower than the minimum standard, the CBRC shall adopt the following control measures:(1)To ask the commercial banks to perfect the bylaws on risk management;(2)To ask the commercial banks to increase the risk control capacity;(3)To ask the commercial banks to strengthen the analyses and forecasts about the capital adequacy ratios; and(4)To ask the commercial banks to formulate practical and feasible capital keeping plan, and to impose limits on their participation in some high risk business.Article 40 The CBRC shall take the following rectification measures against a commercial bank with inadequate capital:(1)To give the commercial bank supervisory advices, which shall include descriptions of the status quo of the commercial bank's capital adequacy ratio, the to-be-taken rectification measures and the detailed plan on the implementation of all the measures;(2)To ask the commercial bank to formulate practical and feasible capital complement plan within 2 months from the day when it receives the supervisory advices of the CBRC;(3)To ask the commercial bank to control the capital increase speed;(4)To ask the commercial bank to reduce the scale of risk assets;(5)To ask the commercial bank to control the purchase of fixed assets; and(6)To conduct strict examination or control on the establishment of new institutions or new operations by the commercial bank.In case a commercial bank still fails to make correction within the time limit after being given the rectification measures as provided in the preceding paragraph, or its act has seriously endangered the stable operation of this commercial bank, damaged the legitimate rights and interests of depositors or other clients, the CBRC shall, according to the risk degree of the commercial bank and the implementation of capital complement plan, have the power to restrict the commercial bank from distributing bonuses and other incomes, order the commercial bank to suspend all operations except the low risk ones, and suspend examining and approving the establishment of any new institution and new operation by the commercial bank.Article 41 With regard to a commercial bank facing serious shortage of capital, the CBRC may take the following rectification measures besides those as listed in Article 40 of the present Measures:(1)To ask the commercial bank to change the senior managerial personnel; and(2)To take over the commercial bank or urge it to restructure, even to cancel it.When dealing with this kind of commercial banks, the CBRC shall take into account the external factors comprehensively, and shall take other necessary measures.Chapter IV Information DisclosureArticle 42 The board of directors of a commercial bank shall be responsible for the information disclosure of the capital adequacy of this bank. If there is no board of directors, the president of the bank shall be responsible. The content of the information disclosure shall be subject to the approval of the board of directors or president.Article 43 The information disclosure of the capital adequacy ratio shall mainly include five aspects: the risk management target and policy, the consolidation scope, capital, capital adequacy ratio, credit risks and market risks. With regard to the items that can't be disclosed due to involving commercial secrets, the commercial bank may disclose the overall information about the items that can be disclosed and make explanations about the special items that can't be disclosed.Article 44 A commercial bank shall disclose the information about its capital adequacy ratio within 4 months after the end of every fiscal year. Where it is unable to disclose the said information within the time limit for special reason, it shall file an application to the CBRC for extension at least 15 days prior to the deadline.Article 45 The capital adequacy ratio information of a commercial bank shall be reported to the CBRC before it is disclosed.Article 46 A commercial bank shall announce the information required in disclosure by the present Measures, and shall ensure that the shareholders and relevant interested persons obtain the information in time.Chapter V Supplementary ProvisionsArticle 47 The calculation of the capital adequacy ratio of a wholly foreign-funded financing company or joint equity financing company, the supervision and examination and the information disclosure shall be made by referring to the present Measures. A foreign bank's branch inChina shall calculate the RMB risk weighted assets by referring to the risk weights as prescribed in the present Measures.The calculation, supervision and administration of capital adequacy ratio of a policy bank shall be carried out by referring to the present Measures, however, there is no uniform requirement for the disclosure of capital adequacy ratio of the policy bank.Article 48 Attachments 1 to 5 are component parts of the present Measures, which shall cover the following:(1)Attachment 1: The Definitions of Capital;(2)Attachment 2: The Risk Weights of Consolidated Assets;(3)Attachment 3: The Credit Conversion Coefficients of Unconsolidated Items and Definitions of Unconsolidated Items;(4)Attachment 4: The Standard Approach as Required for Calculating Market Risk Capital;(5)Attachment 5: The Content of Information DisclosureArticle 49 The Standard & Poor's rating denotation "AA" is adopted in the present Measures, but no limit is set on the commercial banks' options of external credit rating companies, the commercial banks may choose the rating result of a rating company by themselves, and keep the consistency.Article 50 The credits against the governments of other countries or regions include the credits against the governments of these countries or regions, their central banks and other institutions equivalent to the governments. The definition of the term "institutions equivalent to the governments" shall be in line with the regulations of the local bankingsupervisory authorities.Article 51 The term "equity capital" refers to the capital that gives the holder the right to participate in the company management and the voting power in operational decision-making.Article 52 The term "public utility enterprises" refers to the operators of public utilities, including the supplies of water, electricity, heat and gas, post, telecommunication, transport and transportation and other industries. The public utilities are mainly distributed in the basic industries of national economy, and most of them undertake the task of providing services to the general public. These enterprises are usually established by the state by making huge investment from the government finance.Article 53 The power to interpret the present Measures shall remain with China Banking Regulatory Commission.Article 54 The present Measures shall be implemented as of March 1, 2022.文档内容到此结束,欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
商业银行资本充足率管理办法相关

商业银行资本充足率管理办法相关附件——附件1:资本定义一、核心资本实收资本:投资者按照章程或合同、协议的约定,实际投入商业银行的资本。
资本公积:包括资本溢价、接受的非现金资产捐赠准备和现金捐赠、股权投资准备、外币资本折算差额、关联交易差价和其他资本公积。
盈余公积:包括法定盈余公积、任意盈余公积以及法定公益金。
未分配利润:商业银行以前年度实现的未分配利润或未弥补亏损。
少数股权:在合并报表时,包括在核心资本中的非全资子公司中的少数股权,是指子公司净经营成果和净资产中不以任何直接或间接方式归属于母银行的部分。
二、附属资本重估储备:商业银行经国家有关部门批准,对固定资产进行重估时,固定资产公允价值与账面价值之间的正差额为重估储备。
若银监会认为,重估作价是审慎的,这类重估储备可以列入附属资本,但计入附属资本的部分不超过重估储备的70%。
一般准备:一般准备是根据全部贷款余额一定比例计提的,用于弥补尚未识别的可能性损失的准备。
优先股:商业银行发行的、给予投资者在收益分配、剩余资产分配等方面优先权利的股票。
可转换债券:商业银行依照法定程序发行的、在一定期限内依据约定条件可以转换成商业银行普通股的债券。
计入附属资本的可转换债券必须符合以下条件:1.债券持有人对银行的索偿权位于存款人及其他普通债权人之后,并不以银行的资产为抵押或质押;2.债券不可由持有者主动回售;未经银监会事先同意,发行人不准赎回。
长期次级债务:是指原始期限最少在五年以上的次级债务。
经银监会认可,商业银行发行的普通的、无担保的、不以银行资产为抵押或质押的长期次级债务工具可列入附属资本,在距到期日前最后五年,其可计入附属资本的数量每年累计折扣20%。
如一笔十年期的次级债券,第六年计入附属资本的数量为100%,第七年为80%,第八年为60%,第九年为40%,第十年为20%。
附件2:表内资产风险权重表项目权重a.现金类资产aa.库存现金 0%ab.黄金 0%ac.存放人民银行款项 0% b.对中央政府和中央银行的债权ba.对我国中央政府的债权 0%bb.对中国人民银行的债权 0%bc.对评级为AA-及以上国家和地区政府和中央银行的债权0% bd.对评级为AA-以下国家和地区政府和中央银行的债权100% c.对公用企业的债权(不包括下属的商业性公司)ca.对评级为AA-及以上国家和地区政府投资的公用企业的债权 50% cb.对评级为AA-以下国家和地区政府投资的公用企业的债权100% cc.对我国中央政府投资的公用企业的债权 50% cd. 对其他公用企业的债权100% d.对我国金融机构的债权da.对我国政策性银行的债权 0%db.对我国中央政府投资的金融资产管理公司的债权dba. 金融资产管理公司为收购国有银行不良贷款而定向发行的债券 0%dbb.对金融资产管理公司的其他债权100% dc.对我国商业银行的债权dca.原始期限四个月以内(含四个月) 0%dcb.原始期限四个月以上20% e.对在其他国家或地区注册金融机构的债权ea.对评级为AA-及以上国家或地区注册的商业银行或证券公司的债权 20% eb.对评级为AA-以下国家或地区注册的商业银行或证券公司的债权100% ec.对多边开发银行的债权 0%ed.对其他金融机构的债权 100% f.对企业和个人的债权fa. 对个人住房抵押贷款 50% fb. 对企业和个人的其他债权100% g.其他资产 100%附件3:表外项目的信用转换系数及表外项目的定义一、表外项目的信用转换系数项目信用转换系数等同于贷款的授信业务100%与某些交易相关的或有负债50%与贸易相关的短期或有负债20%承诺原始期限不足1年的承诺 0%原始期限超过1年但可随时无条件撤销的承诺 0%其他承诺50%信用风险仍在银行的资产销售与购买协议100%上述表外项目中:1.等同于贷款的授信业务,包括一般负债担保、远期票据承兑和具有承兑性质的背书。
商业银行资本充足率管理办法

商业银行资本充足率管理办法第一章总则第一条为了加强商业银行资本监管,确保商业银行稳健经营,维护银行业公平竞争,根据《中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法》、《中华人民共和国商业银行法》等法律法规,制定本办法。
第二条本办法适用于在中华人民共和国境内设立的商业银行。
第三条商业银行应当按照本办法规定,计算并披露其资本充足率。
第四条中国银行业监督管理委员会(以下简称银监会)负责商业银行资本充足率的监督管理。
第二章资本充足率的计算和披露第五条商业银行资本充足率,是指商业银行资本与风险加权资产的比率。
第六条商业银行资本,包括核心资本和附属资本。
第七条风险加权资产,是指商业银行在经营过程中面临的各种风险,按照一定的权重进行计算的资产。
第八条商业银行应当按照银监会规定的方法,计算其资本充足率。
第九条商业银行应当在每个季度结束后的一个月内,向银监会提交其资本充足率的计算结果和有关资料。
第十条商业银行应当在其年度报告中,披露其资本充足率及其计算方法。
第三章监督管理第十一条银监会应当对商业银行资本充足率进行定期检查和不定期抽查。
第十二条商业银行应当配合银监会的检查和抽查,提供真实、完整、准确的资料。
第十三条银监会可以根据商业银行资本充足率的计算结果和经营情况,采取必要的监管措施,包括但不限于:要求商业银行增加资本、减少风险加权资产、限制资产增长等。
第十四条商业银行资本充足率低于法定标准的,银监会可以要求商业银行制定整改计划,并在规定时间内达到标准。
第十五条商业银行未按照本办法规定计算和披露资本充足率的,银监会可以对其进行处罚,包括但不限于:罚款、吊销经营许可证等。
第四章附则第十六条本办法自发布之日起施行。
第十七条本办法由中国银行业监督管理委员会负责解释。
商业银行资本充足率管理办法

商业银行资本充足率管理办法商业银行资本充足率管理是保障金融体系稳健运行的重要措施之一。
为了规范商业银行资本充足率管理,提高金融机构风险抵御能力和防范金融风险的能力,我国制定了商业银行资本充足率管理办法,以下将对其主要内容进行介绍。
一、资本充足率的定义和意义资本充足率是指商业银行核心资本和风险加权资产的比率,用于衡量银行的风险承受能力和业务发展的稳定性。
资本充足率的合理水平可以保障金融机构的偿债能力,稳定金融市场,防范金融风险。
二、资本充足率的计算方法商业银行资本充足率的计算方法主要有三个指标:核心资本充足率(CET1充足率)、一级资本充足率(Tier 1充足率)和总资本充足率。
核心资本充足率是指商业银行的核心资本与风险加权资产之比,一级资本充足率是指商业银行的核心资本和附加一级资本与风险加权资产之比,总资本充足率是指商业银行的核心资本、附加一级资本和二级资本与风险加权资产之比。
三、资本充足率的监管要求商业银行资本充足率管理办法规定了商业银行资本充足率的监管要求,包括最低资本充足率比例、资本类别的划分和监管指标的核算方法等方面。
其中,最低资本充足率比例是根据商业银行业务规模、资产质量、市场风险等因素确定的,以确保商业银行稳健经营。
四、资本充足率管理的作用和意义商业银行资本充足率管理办法的实施,对于保障金融体系稳健运行和防范金融风险具有重要作用。
首先,资本充足率管理可以促使商业银行优化资产负债结构,提高盈利能力和抗风险能力。
其次,通过合理设置资本充足率要求,可以限制商业银行过度扩张和过度借贷行为,避免系统性风险的发生。
再次,资本充足率管理可以提高风险管理意识,促使商业银行加强内部控制体系的建设,提高管理水平和风险防控能力。
五、资本充足率管理存在的问题和挑战尽管商业银行资本充足率管理办法的实施有利于金融风险防范,但也面临一些问题和挑战。
首先,资本充足率的计算方法和监管要求可能存在不足之处,需要不断完善和修订。
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《中国银行业监督管理委员会关于修改〈商业银行资本充足率管理办法〉的决定》已经2006年12月28日中国银行业监督管理委员会第55次主席会议通过,现予公布,自公布之日起施行。
目录中国银行业监督管理委员会令商业银行资本充足率管理办法第一章总则1.第一条2.第二条3.第三条4.第四条5.第五条6.第六条7.第七条8.第八条9.第九条第二章资本充足率计算1.第十条2.第十一条3.第十二条4.第十三条5.第十四条6.第十五条7.第十六条8.第十七条9.第十八条10.第十九条11.第二十条12.第二十一条13.第二十二条14.第二十三条15.第二十四条16.第二十五条17.第二十六条18.第二十七条19.第二十八条20.第二十九条21.第三十条22.第三十一条23.第三十二条第三章监督检查第四章信息披露第五章附则中国银行业监督管理委员会令2007年第11号主席刘明康二○○七年七月三日中国银行业监督管理委员会关于修改《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》的决定中国银行业监督管理委员会决定对《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》作如下修改:一、第三条增加一款,作为第二款:“商业银行的核心资本充足率,是指商业银行持有的符合本办法规定的核心资本与商业银行风险加权资产之间的比率。
”二、第十二条第三款修改为:“附属资本包括重估储备、一般准备、优先股、可转换债券、混合资本债券和长期次级债务。
”增加一款,作为第四款:“对计入所有者权益的可供出售债券公允价值正变动可计入附属资本,计入部分不得超过正变动的50%;公允价值负变动应全额从附属资本中扣减。
商业银行计算资本充足率时,应将计入资本公积的可供出售债券的公允价值从核心资本中转入附属资本。
”三、第二十一条增加一款,作为第二款:“商业银行持有我国其他商业银行发行的混合资本债券和长期次级债务的风险权重为100%。
”四、删去第三十五条第二款。
五、删去第四十条第一款第(六)项。
第二款修改为:“对于采取前款纠正措施后商业银行逾期未改正的,或其行为已严重危及该商业银行稳健运行、损害存款人和其他客户合法权益的,根据商业银行风险程度及资本补充计划的实施情况,银监会有权依法采取限制商业银行分配红利和其他收入、责令商业银行停办除低风险业务以外的其他一切业务、停止批准商业银行增设机构和开办新业务等措施。
”六、第四十七条增加一款,作为第二款:“政策性银行资本充足率的计算和监督管理,参照本办法的规定,但对政策性银行的资本充足率披露不作统一要求”。
七、删去第五十三条。
八、附件1《资本定义》第二条增加一项,作为第五项:“混合资本债券:商业银行发行的带有一定股本性质,又带有一定债务性质的资本工具。
商业银行发行的符合以下要求的混合资本债券可以计入附属资本:1.债券期限在15年以上(含15年),发行之日起10年内不得赎回。
10年后银行可以具有一次赎回权,但行使赎回权需得到银监会批准;若10年后银行未行使赎回权,可以适当提高债券的利率,但提高利率的次数不能超过一次。
2.当核心资本充足率低于4%时,银行可以延期支付利息;若同时盈余公积与未分配利润之和为负且最近12个月内未支付普通股现金股利,银行必须延期支付利息。
递延的利息将根据本期债券的利率计算利息。
在不满足延期支付利息的条件时,银行应立即支付欠息及欠息产生的利息。
3.债券到期时,若银行无力支付索偿权在本债券之前的银行债务,或支付本债券将导致无力支付索偿权在本债券之前的银行债务,可以延期支付本债券的本金和利息。
4.当银行倒闭或清算时,本债券清偿顺序列于商业银行发行的长期次级债之后,先于商业银行股权资本。
5.商业银行若未行使混合资本债券的赎回权,在债券距到期日前最后5年,其可计入附属资本的数量每年累计折扣20%。
6.商业银行混合资本债券不得由银行或第三方提供担保。
7.商业银行提前赎回混合资本债券、延期支付利息、或债券到期时延期支付债券本金和应付利息时,需事先得到银监会批准。
”九、附件5《信息披露的内容》第三条第(二)项增加一点,作为第5点:“混合资本债券;”本决定自公布之日起施行。
《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》根据本决定作相应修改并对条款顺序作相应调整后,重新公布。
商业银行资本充足率管理办法(中国银行业监督管理委员会2004年第2号令颁布实施,根据2006年12月28日中国银行业监督管理委员会第55次主席会议《关于修改〈商业银行资本充足率管理办法〉的决定》修正)第一章总则第一条为加强对商业银行资本充足率的监管,促进商业银行安全、稳健运行,根据《中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法》、《中华人民共和国商业银行法》、《中华人民共和国外资银行管理条例》等法律法规,制定本办法。
第二条本办法适用于在中华人民共和国境内设立的商业银行,包括中资银行、外商独资银行、中外合资银行。
第三条本办法中的资本充足率,是指商业银行持有的、符合本办法规定的资本与商业银行风险加权资产之间的比率。
商业银行的核心资本充足率,是指商业银行持有的符合本办法规定的核心资本与商业银行风险加权资产之间的比率。
第四条商业银行资本充足率的计算应建立在充分计提贷款损失准备等各项损失准备的基础之上。
第五条商业银行资本应抵御信用风险和市场风险。
第六条商业银行应同时计算未并表的资本充足率和并表后的资本充足率。
第七条商业银行资本充足率不得低于8%,核心资本充足率不得低于4%。
第八条中国银行业监督管理委员会(以下简称银监会)按照本办法对商业银行资本充足率、资本管理状况进行监督检查。
第九条商业银行应按照本办法披露资本充足率信息。
第二章资本充足率计算第十条商业银行计算并表后的资本充足率时,应将以下机构纳入并表范围:(一)商业银行拥有其过半数以上(不包括半数)权益性资本的被投资金融机构,包括:1.商业银行直接拥有其过半数以上权益性资本的被投资金融机构;2.商业银行的全资子公司拥有其过半数以上权益性资本的被投资金融机构;3.商业银行与其全资子公司共同拥有其过半数以上权益性资本的被投资金融机构。
(二)商业银行不拥有其过半数以上的权益性资本,但与被投资金融机构之间有下列情况之一的,应将其纳入并表范围:1.通过与其他投资者之间的协议,持有该机构半数以上的表决权;2.根据章程或协议,有权控制该机构的财务和经营政策;3.有权任免该机构董事会或类似权力机构的多数成员;4.在该机构董事会或类似权力机构有半数以上投票权。
可以不列入并表范围的机构包括:已关闭或已宣告破产的金融机构;因终止而进入清算程序的金融机构;决定在一年之内售出而短期持有其过半数以上权益性资本的金融机构;受所在国外汇管制及其他突发事件影响、资金调度受到限制的境外附属金融机构。
第十一条商业银行资本充足率的计算公式:资本充足率=(资本-扣除项)/(风险加权资产+12.5倍的市场风险资本)核心资本充足率=(核心资本-核心资本扣除项)/(风险加权资产+12.5倍的市场风险资本)第十二条商业银行资本包括核心资本和附属资本。
核心资本包括实收资本或普通股、资本公积、盈余公积、未分配利润和少数股权。
附属资本包括重估储备、一般准备、优先股、可转换债券、混合资本债券和长期次级债务。
对计入所有者权益的可供出售债券公允价值正变动可计入附属资本,计入部分不得超过正变动的50%;公允价值负变动应全额从附属资本中扣减。
商业银行计算资本充足率时,应将计入资本公积的可供出售债券的公允价值从核心资本中转入附属资本。
第十三条商业银行的附属资本不得超过核心资本的100%;计入附属资本的长期次级债务不得超过核心资本的50%。
第十四条商业银行计算资本充足率时,应从资本中扣除以下项目:(一)商誉;(二)商业银行对未并表金融机构的资本投资;(三)商业银行对非自用不动产和企业的资本投资。
第十五条商业银行计算核心资本充足率时,应从核心资本中扣除以下项目:(一)商誉;(二)商业银行对未并表金融机构资本投资的50%;(三)商业银行对非自用不动产和企业资本投资的50%。
第十六条商业银行计算各项贷款的风险加权资产时,应首先从贷款账面价值中扣除专项准备;其他各类资产的减值准备,也应从相应资产的账面价值中扣除。
第十七条商业银行境外债权的风险权重,以相应国家或地区的外部信用评级结果为基准。
不同评级公司对同一国家或地区的评级结果不一致时,选择较低的评级结果。
(一)对其他国家或地区政府的债权,该国家或地区的评级为AA-以上(含AA-)的,风险权重为0%,AA-以下的,风险权重为100%;(二)对境外商业银行、证券公司的债权,注册地所在国或地区的评级为AA-以上(含AA-)的,风险权重为20%,AA-以下的,风险权重为100%;(三)对其他国家或地区政府投资的公用企业的债权,所在国家或地区的评级为AA-以上(含AA-)的,风险权重为50%,AA-以下的,风险权重为100%。
第十八条商业银行对多边开发银行债权的风险权重为0%。
第十九条商业银行对我国中央政府和中国人民银行本外币债权的风险权重均为0%。
商业银行对我国中央政府投资的公用企业债权的风险权重为50%。
第二十条商业银行对我国政策性银行债权的风险权重为0%。
第二十一条商业银行对我国其他商业银行债权的风险权重为20%,其中原始期限4个月以内(含4个月)债权的风险权重为0%。
商业银行持有我国其他商业银行发行的混合资本债券和长期次级债务的风险权重为100%。
第二十二条商业银行对我国中央政府投资的金融资产管理公司为收购国有银行不良贷款而定向发行的债券的风险权重为0%。
商业银行对我国中央政府投资的金融资产管理公司的其他债权的风险权重为100%。
第二十三条商业银行对企业、个人的债权及其他资产的风险权重均为100%。
第二十四条个人住房抵押贷款的风险权重为50%。
第二十五条下列质物具有风险缓释作用:(一)以特户、封金或保证金等形式特定化后的现金;(二)黄金;(三)银行存单;(四)我国财政部发行的国债;(五)中国人民银行发行的票据;(六)我国政策性银行、商业银行发行的债券、票据和承兑的汇票;(七)我国中央政府投资的公用企业发行的企业债券、票据和承兑的汇票;(八)评级为AA-以上(含AA-)国家或地区政府发行的债券,在这些国家或地区注册的商业银行、证券公司及政府投资的公用企业所发行的债券、票据和承兑的汇票;(九)多边开发银行发行的债券。
以前款所列质物质押的贷款,取得与质物相同的风险权重,或取得对质物发行人或承兑人直接债权的风险权重。
部分质押的贷款,受质物保护的部分获得相应的低风险权重。
第二十六条下列保证主体提供的保证具有风险缓释作用:(一)我国政策性银行、商业银行;(二)经国务院批准,为使用外国政府或国际经济组织贷款进行转贷的我国国家机关;(三)我国中央政府投资的公用企业;(四)评级为AA-以上(含AA-)国家或地区的政府以及在这些国家或地区注册的商业银行,这些国家或地区政府投资的公用企业;(五)多边开发银行。