高三上第二次阶段考
黑龙江省大庆实验中学实验三部2023-2024学年高三上学期阶段考试(二)英语试题

黑龙江省大庆实验中学实验三部2023-2024学年高三上学期阶段考试(二)英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、阅读选择Long Walks in EuropeWaldstätterweg Route, Lucerne, Switzerland•Distance 71 milesThe Waldstätterweg Route is one of the safest when it comes to snowy conditions, and the views and the colours of the trees are breathtaking at the end of October. This seven-stage route spreads to the shore of Lake Lucerne, with the glaring blue water being a constant companion. Old paths and elegant routes through woods link lakeside settlements.Harz Witches Route, Lower Saxony, Germany•Distance 58 milesThe Harz Mountains have long been associated with German folklore (民俗). Harz Witches Route runs along forest tracks through Harz National Park and can be walked throughout October and beyond. The route takes in forests, Germany’s largest wooden church, and a 439-metre rope suspension bridge. It also follows the poet Goethe’s hiking route up the Brocken.GR141, Andalucía, Spain•Distance 68 milesAutumn isn’t just a good time to walk in Andalucía. The weather stays warm long after winter starts to bite further north. It’s cheaper and less crowded, too. In November, conditions are milder here and some plants continue to flower. And two newly created GR routes begin here: both are well marked, reasonably challenging, divided into six stages and walkable in a week.Menalon Route, Peloponnese, Greece•Distance 47 milesThe Menalon Route is an excellent option for autumn. Temperatures are pleasant and autumn colours are wonderful well into November. It’s a quiet time to visit, too. Nights in mountain villages are a highlight. Dimitsana, surrounded by snowy peaks, is a particular jewel. In Stemnitsa, there is a folklore museum showing the village’s jewellery-makingheritage.1.Which route may attract people who are interested in folk and local religious culture?A.Waldstätterweg Route.B.Harz Witches Route.C.GR141.D.Menalon Route.2.What can people do on Menalon Route?A.Admire colorful flowers.B.Enjoy wonderful nights.C.Learn about local festivals.D.Explore the forests.3.What do the listed four routes have in common?A.They cover similar distances.B.They require no charges.C.They suit autumn walks.D.They feature snow scenery.In my early teens, I was once given a film camera as a gift. On receiving it, I jumped on my bike, headed to Wimbledon Common and took photos, just for me: photos of trees and wildlife. I was out all day. On my way home I spotted a tree lit up by street lighting and tried to capture its splendour. Rushing home, I popped the spent film in a special little envelope and sent it off to a photography store, desperate to see how it came out. I took many photos then and loved the fact that when you processed your film you got back colour photos which froze the precious moments, gently encouraging the hobby and the payments for processing.As I grew into adulthood, that simple, deep happiness gradually faded away. One weekend when I was busy answering the work calls, my eyes caught a box in the corner of the room. I suddenly felt a sense of sadness. The stress growing over these years had pushed the camera from beside my pillow to the box in the corner. I thought I needed a change.I took out the camera and dusted it down. It was a great joy that it still worked. I bought new film and took the camera everywhere I went. Now it is always on hand to accompany me on journeys, to allow me time to myself. Even if the day is full and busy, I can seize some moments for myself to take photos, to observe the world around me.The wall of my room now holds all my camera equipment on display, along with photos I’ve taken. To me, the room represents how I’ve found happiness: by reconnecting to the younger part of myself I laid aside, by allowing room in my life for pleasure to exist, and by creating an environment that allows opportunities for delight.4.What did the author think of taking photos as a young boy?A.Inspiring and practical.B.Tiring yet delightful.C.Exciting and worthwhile.D.Difficult yet engaging.5.Why did the author stop taking photos according to paragraph 2?A.He wanted to focus on his work.B.He was struck by sudden sorrow.C.He attempted to behave like an adult.D.He was faced with increasing pressure.6.What did the author get from picking up his hobby?A.More fun in the daily routine.B.New journeys in the wild.C.Better skills of observation.D.Different styles of photography. 7.What is the best title for the text?A.Revisiting Lost Childhood MemoriesB.Appreciating Beauty Behind the LensC.Escaping Teenage Sadness with CameraD.Regaining Pleasure Through PhotographyHave you ever forgotten items when trying to recall a shopping list? Or dialled the wrong phone number when attempting to memorise one? The brain mechanisms (机制) that cause us to draw a blank in such situations have now been identified.Our working memory keeps small pieces of information that are readily accessible for planning, understanding and solving problems. But it will have “swap errors”. For example, if we are shown a red square and a blue circle, and are then asked what colour the circle was, we might say red.To understand why we make such errors, Jeff Johnston at Columbia University and his colleagues recorded the brain activity of two monkeys because a monkey’s working memory is very similar to humans’.The monkeys were shown two differently coloured squares, one above the other, for half a second. After a short delay, a black spot appeared in the same location as one of the squares, and then disappeared. The animals were trained to tell the colour of the square they were supposed to be remembering based on the location of the spot, by staring at the matching colour on a rotatable (可旋转的) wheel. When doing this for about 3 hours over multiple sessions, the monkeys performed the task correctly between 60 and 82 percent of the time, but occasionally made swap errors.The research suggests that the brain responses linked to swap errors emerged before the animals decided which colour to report. They appeared to arise during “selection” when certain items stored in working memory are enhanced at the expense of others, rather than occurring as a result of them forgetting or a failure to correctly encode (编码) items in their working memory.“Everyone assumed there were simpler explanations like failure to encode or forgetting, but this very cool study shows that working memory errors come from a previously unknown source,” says Earl Miller at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.The team is planning further experiments to gain a better understanding of mechanisms behind swap errors. 8.What is the function of working memory?A.To identify the errors in understanding.B.To reduce the occurrence of mind blanking.C.To develop the way of distinguishing colours.D.To store information ready for mental use.9.What were the monkeys tasked with in the research?A.Correcting their errors over multiple sessions.B.Playing a matching game on a rotatable wheel.C.Reporting the colour of the square to memorize.D.Figuring out the exact position of the black spot.10.What does the research suggest about swap errors?A.They are unusual brain responses.B.They show a tendency for forgetfulness.C.They have an effect on working memory.D.They are the outcome of memoryselection.11.What is Earl Miller’s attitude towards the research findings?A.Unclear.B.Appreciative.C.Objective.D.Negative.If you want to disturb the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会) and a family farmer myself, I have a front-rowseat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.For example, the Quick Cut Greens Harvester is a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour — a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand — suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn’t touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers. From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions. Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the great barrier to building a farm of their own.There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can’t awkwardly put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmer from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.12.Why does the author mention car industry at the beginning of the passage?A.To introduce the progress made in car industry.B.To introduce a special feature of agriculture.C.To introduce a trend of development in agriculture.D.To introduce the importance of investing in car industry.13.What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?A.Loans to small local farmers are necessary.B.Technology is vital for agricultural development.C.Competition between small and big farm is fierce.D.Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.14.What is the difficulty for those new farmers?A.To gain more financial aid.B.To hire good farm managers.C.To have farms of their own.D.To win old farmers’ support. 15.What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?A.Seek support beyond NYFC.B.Expand farmland conservation.C.Become members of NYFC.D.Invest more to improve technology.My friend James did some first-aid training last week to learn the fundamentals of the CPR. And he asked if I’d ever done the same.“Yes,” I said, “…and no.”Because, yes, I’ve attended several resuscitation (复苏) sessions over the years. 16 In fact, despite being shown all the key information at various points in my career, I don’t think I can remember any of it now.What’s the problem? Every time I’ve had this type of training, it’s been a perfectly good opportunity to learn: an important topic, taught well, in a focused environment, with plenty to see, hear and do. I’ve always taken it seriously, too, and been focused. And I’ve always come away with a wealth of information. 17Here’s what I should have done — and what you can do now — to make sure any training doesn’t go to waste.• 18 You might be surprised to find that you’ve got some foundations of knowledge to build on. Pre-testing sparks your curiosity and puts you in a frame of mind to remember.• Challenge your recall later. 19 If it’s hard to remember, but just about possible with effort, then that’s perfect. You need that little bit of struggle to start embedding (把……嵌入) information in your brain.• Keep coming back. Put a note in your diary to test yourself again in a week, then ten days after that, then a month on…leaving longer gaps between checks. 20 Talking to James has inspired me to book myself onto yet another CPR course. But this time I’m determined to do it right. Remember that it’s the next day when the real training begins.A.Test yourself before you start.B.Wait a day, then see how much you still know.C.Stay curious about what you are eager to know.D.All the basic information has stuck in your mind.E.But no, I don’t exactly feel “trained” to save lives.F.Yet virtually nothing has ever made it to my longterm memory.G.Use the questions you wrote on the day to keep challenging yourself.二、完形填空Andrew Powell was pulling envelopes from the large mailbox outside his contemporary22.A.notice B.board C.mail D.message 23.A.by mistake B.by chance C.on purpose D.on sale 24.A.gifts B.cards C.dolls D.posts 25.A.displayed B.acquired C.designed D.decorated 26.A.came back B.wandered off C.showed up D.broke in 27.A.before B.since C.unless D.when 28.A.follow B.comment C.download D.appreciate 29.A.improvement B.possibility C.truth D.progress 30.A.difficulty B.conflict C.case D.mystery 31.A.care B.humor C.blessing D.support 32.A.artistic B.academic C.sympathetic D.realistic 33.A.suitable B.eager C.responsible D.ambitious 34.A.describing B.imitating C.celebrating D.enjoying 35.A.light B.camera C.tent D.bench三、单项选择36.______, as a matter of fact, has been put forward at the conference is ______ the government should motivate the graduates to set up their own business.A.What; that B.It; what C.What; what D.That; that 37.He suggested that the problems ______ paid special attention to.A.referred to being B.referring to being C.referred to beD.referring to be38.________ the fierce competition in finding a good job in big cities, many fresh graduates are still trying their fortune in big cities like Guangzhou City.A.Regardless of B.Apart from C.Instead of D.Because of 39.I’ll never forget the days ______ I studied hard in my senior high school, ______ changed my whole life.A.when; which B.that; which C.which; when D.when; that 40.It can be hard for you to imagine what difficulty I have had ______ the problems ______ in the meeting held last week.A.to deal with; brought up B.dealing with; bringing upC.dealing with; brought up D.to deal with; bringing up41.______ is known to all is that the old scientist, ______ Chinese people are proud of, is still devoted to advancing the medical development.A.As; whom B.What; whose C.It; whose D.What; whom 42.—Do you think it ______ to argue with them?—The question is not worthy ______.A.worthwhile; discussing B.worthwhile; to be discussedC.worthy; to discuss D.worth; to be discussed43.At that time, people ______that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and ______since.A.was believing; didn’t change B.believed; hadn’t changedC.had believed; hadn’t changed D.believed; haven’t changed44.The company ______ as a failure ______ into a major chemical manufacturer in the past decade.A.regarded; evolved B.regarded; has evolvedC.was regarded; evolved D.has been regarded; has evolved 45.Last Monday, I was chatting online ______, before I knew it, our manager came in and stood behind me.A.until B.as C.when D.while四、语法填空适当形式填空)47.(admit) to a university in the USA, international students must have a strong ability in spoken and written English. (所给词的适当形式填空)48.If (take) according to the instructions, the new medicine has almost no side effects. (所给词的适当形式填空)49.The researchers are still working hard to figure out it was that caused the disease. (用适当的词填空)50.We apologize for any (convenient) caused during the repairs. (所给词的适当形式填空)51.By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ( graduate) from college.(用所给单词适当形式填空)52.Take, example, the famous football game on Christmas Day in 1914. (用适当的词填空)53.With so many people (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.(用所给词的适当形式填空)54.Ken has really got the job because he showed me the official letter (offer) him it. (所给词的适当形式填空)55.The adopted project features (independent) developed key techniques and design. (所给词的适当形式填空)五、书面表达56.假设你是李华,作为一名高中生,你对口语学习有着自己的见解。
广东省揭阳市惠来县第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考试题 化学 (无答案)

2024-2025学年度惠来一中高三第二次阶段考试化学试题本卷共10页,分第I 卷(选择题)和第II 卷(非选择题)两部分,满分100分。
考试时间75分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
可能用到的相对原子质量:一、选择题:本题共16小题,共44分。
第1~10小题,每小题2分;第11~16小题,每小题4分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.郑和下西洋,开辟了一条新的贸易之路。
下列商品主要成分是合金材料的是()A .丝绸B .玉器C .郑和铜钟D .纸张2.科技是第一生产力,化学助推科技发展。
下列说法正确的是()A .生态系统碳监测卫星“句芒号”的结构材料使用了轻质高强的镁合金,其硬度大、韧性好B .“九章二号”量子计算原型机中量子比特芯片的主要材料是高纯二氧化硅C .新能源半导体的新核“芯”碳化硅属于分子晶体D .国产大飞机C919上使用的高强度碳纤维属于新型有机高分子材料3.建设美丽乡村,守护中华家园,衣食住行皆化学。
下列说法正确的是( )A .铁粉可作食品的抗氧化剂B .芦苇中含较多纤维素,纤维繁是一种单糖C .目前,我国加碘食盐中主要添加的是碘单质D .可在食品中大量添加邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(常用作增塑剂)4.化学与生产生活息息相关。
下列说正确的是()A .用纯碱溶液去油污,加热可增强去污效果,是因为升温能促进电离B .葡萄酒中加入适量二氧化硫,能起到杀菌消毒、抗氧化的作用C .通过干馏、分馏等多步化学变化实现了煤的综合利用D .编织草帽用到的麦秆,其主要成分是纤维素,纤维素与淀粉互为同分异构体5.下列反应的离子方程式正确的是()H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Cl 35.5 Ca 40A .向沸水中滴加溶液制备为胶体:B .用小苏打治疗胃酸过多:C .将氯气通入溶液中制取84消毒液:D .向固体中滴加水:6.绿色有机合成具有原子经济性高、充分利用资源、减少污染等特点。
河北省衡水市2025届高三上学期第二次调研考试数学试卷(含解析)

河北省衡水市2025届高三上学期第二次调研考试数学试卷学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、选择题1.已知数列满足,则( )2.已知是第四象限角且,则的值为( )A.1B.C.3.函数处的切线的倾斜角为( )4.如图,平行四边形ABCD中,,,若,,则( )C.5.已知等差数列的公差小于0,前n项和为,若,则的最大值为( )A.45B.52C.60D.906.设内角A,B,C所对应的边分别为a,b,c,已知,若的周长为1.则( )D.2{}na12na+=11=-4a=αsinα=cos0ββ-=tan()αβ-1--()f x=())0,0f2AE EB=DF FC=CB m=CE n=AF=32+12n-1322m-+32n-{}nanS2a=844=nS ABC△2sin sin sinABCS A B C=△ABCsin sin sinA B C++=7.设函数,若函数在区间上有且仅有1个零点,则的取值范围为( )A. B. C. D.8.已知,在R 上单调递增,则a 的取值范围是( )A. B. C. D.二、多项选择题9.以下正确的选项是( )A.若,,则 B.若,C.若,则D.若,10.设正项等比数列的公比为q ,前n 项和为,前n 项积为,则下列选项正确的是( )A.B.若,则C.若,则当取得最小值时,D.若,则11.以下不等式成立的是( )A.当时,B.当时,C.当时,D.当时,三、填空题()()3ππ40,0,3πππ4tan ,4k x f x k k x x ωωωω⎧+⎪=⎪⎪=>∈⎨⎪+⎛⎫⎪--≠ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩Z ()f x π3π,88⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭ω2,23⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦20,3⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦210,33⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦(]0,211e e ,12()1x xax x f x x --⎧--≤⎪⎪=>()a ∈R []2,1-[]2,1--(],1-∞[)2,-+∞a b >c d <a c b d ->-a b >c d <bd >22ac bc >33a b >a b >m >ba>{}n a n S n T 4945S S q S =+20252020T T =20231a =194a a =2246a a +1a =21()n n n a T +>11a <(0,1)x ∈1e ln 2x x x x+>-+(1,)x ∈+∞1e ln 2x x x x+>-+π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭e sin x x x >π,π2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭e sin x x x >,,13.已知函数的最小正周期为,则在区间上所有零点之和为________.14.若定义在上的函数满足:对任意的x ,,都有:,当时,还满足:,则不等式的解集为________.四、解答题15.已知函数.(1)求函数的单调区间;(2)函数在上恒成立,求最小的整数a .16.已知数列的前n 项和为,,.(1)证明:数列为等比数列;(2)若,求n 的值.17.凸函数是数学中一个值得研究的分支,它包括数学中大多数重要的函数,如,等.记为的导数.现有如下定理:在区间I 上为凸函数的充要条件为.(1)证明:函数上的凸函数;(2)已知函数.①若为上的凸函数,求a 的最小值;②在①的条件下,当a 取最小值时,证明:,在上恒成立.18.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,质点A 与B 沿单位圆周运动,点A 与B 初始位置如图所示,A 点坐标为,的速度运动,点A 逆时针24a b ⋅=λ∈R +()()2sin πcos (0)f x x x x ωωωω=->π()f x []2024π,2024π-()(),00,-∞+∞ () f x ()(),00,y ∈-∞+∞ ()1x f f x f y y ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,0x y >()110x y f f x y ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫--> ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭()1f x x ≤-()()2e 1x f x x x =-+()f x ()f x a ≤[]2,1-{}n a n S 113a =18,3,nn na n a a n +-⎧=⎨⎩为奇数为偶数{}2112n a --21161469n S n +=+2x e x ()f x ''()y f x '=()f x ()()0f x x I ''≥∈()f x =)1,+∞()2()2ln ln g x ax x x x a =--∈R ()g x [)1,+∞()()31()223231x xxg x x -+≥+-+[)1,+∞()1,0AOB ∠=//s运动,点B 顺时针运动,问:(1)ls 后,扇形AOB 的面积及的值.(2)质点A 与质点B 的每一次相遇的位置记为点,连接一系列点,,构成一个封闭多边形,求该多边形的面积.19.已知函数,(1)讨论的单调性;(2)当时,恒成立,求m 的取值范围;(3)当时,若的最小值是0,求的最大值.sin AOB ∠n P 1P 2P 3P ⋅⋅⋅()e x f x mx =-()g x =()f x 0x ≥()()f x g x ≥0x ≥()()f x ng x -m +参考答案1.答案:C 解析:因为当,;当,,故选:C.2.答案:C解析:因为是第四象限角且因为,所以所以,故选:C.3.答案:D解析:因为时,即故选:D.4.答案:D解析:因为四边形ABCD 为平行四边形,且,,所以,即①,又,即②,由①②得到,又,,所以.故选:D.5.答案:A12n a +=1n =21123a a =-=2n =3212a a =-=3=4312a a =-=αsin α=α=α=2sin cos 0ββ-=tan β=tan tan tan()211tan tan 31421234αβαβαβ--===-+⎛⎫+⨯ ⎪⎝⎭---()f x =()15f x x ='0=()15f x x ='()f x =0x =2AE EB =DF FC =12AF AD DF AD DC =+=+ 22AF AD DC =+ 13CE CB BE CB BA =+=+ 33CE CB BA =+ +23AF CE CB += CB m = CE n =1322A m n F =-解析:设等差数列的首项为,公差为,由①,由,得到②,由①②得到,,又,,由,解得,,所以,,,又因为,所以当或时,的值最大,最大值为45,故选:A.6.答案:B(R 为的外接圆半径),可得,,,且A ,B ,,则,,均为正数,因为,可得,又因为的周长为,所以故选:B.7.答案:A解析:因为,由正切型函数可知:的最小正周期且,显然在区间内至少有1个零点,在区间内至少有2个零点,若函数在区间上有且仅有1个零点,{}n a 1a (0)d d <2a =272713a a a ++=1888()442a a S +==1811a a +=2724a a =182711a a a a +=+=0d <27272411a a a a =⎧⎨+=⎩28a =73a =72381725a a d --===--19a =2(1)1199222n n n S n n n -=-=-+n *∈N 9n =10n =n S 2sin sin b cR B C===ABC △2sin a R A =2sin b R B =2sin c R C =()0,πC ∈sin A sin B sin C 11sin 2sin 2sin sin 2sin sin sin 22ABC S ab C R A R B C A B C ==⨯⨯⨯=△1R =ABC △()2sin 2sin 2sin 2sin sin sin 1a b c R A R B R C A B C ++=++=++=sin sin sin A B C ++=0ω>()f x T =(f x ∈Z ()f x (),x x T +3,2x x T ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭()f x π3π,88⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,若,因为,则,且,即则,结合题意可知:,由题意可知:或,,所以的取值范围为.故选:A.8.答案:A解析:因为,当时,,所以时,,即上单调递增,当时,,所以,由题知在上恒成立,在上恒成立,3ππ88⎛⎫>--= ⎪⎝⎭πω=>3ω<<03ω<<π3π,88x ⎛⎫∈- ⎪⎝⎭πππ3ππ,48484x ωωω⎛⎫-∈--- ⎪⎝⎭5ππππ3ππ7π8844848ωω-<--<-<-<5ππππ3ππ884484x ωωω-<--<-<-<ππ5π7π,0,,2288⎛⎫-∈- ⎪⎝⎭ππ3ππ,8484ωω⎫---⎪⎭π3ππ0284πππ842ωω⎧-<-≤⎪⎪⎨⎪--<-⎪⎩3πππ0842πππ0284ωω⎧<-≤⎪⎪⎨⎪-≤--<⎪⎩2ω<≤ω2,23⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦11e e ,12()1x xax x f x x --⎧--≤⎪⎪=⎨>1x >()f x =()f x '==1x >()0f x '>()f x =)+∞1x ≤11e e ()2x x f x ax ---=-11e e ()2x x f x a --+'=-11e e ()02x x f x a --+'=-≥(,1]-∞a ≥,当且仅当,即时取等号,所以,,得到,所以,故选:A.9.答案:AC解析:对于选项A,由,得到,又,所以,故选项A 正确,对于选项B,取,显然有,,不满足对于选项C,由,得到,又,所以,即,所以,故选项C 正确,对于选项D,取,,,显然有,,所以选项D 错误,故选:AC.10.答案:AB解析:因为数列为正项等比数列,则,,,对于选项A:因为,所以,故A 正确;对于选项B:若,所以,故B 正确;对于选项C:因为,则,当且仅当时,等号成立,若取得最小值,则,即,解得,故C 错误;112≥⨯=11e e x x --=1x =1a ≤13211a +≤=+2a ≥-21a -≤≤c d <c d ->-ab >ac bd ->-3,2,3,2a b c d ===-=-a b >c d <1,1bd=-=-a c >22ac bc >2()0a b c ->20c >0a b ->a b >33a b >3a =-4b =-5m =a b >m >4514435233b a-+-==<==-+-{}n a 10a >0q >0n T >9123456789S a a a a a a a a a =++++++++()4441234545S q a a a a a S q S =+++++=+4945S S q S =+20252020T T =52021202220232024202520231a a a a a a =⋅⋅⋅⋅==20231a =19464a a a a ==22446628a a a a +≥=462a a ==2246a a +462a a ==34156122a a q a a q ⎧==⎨==⎩121a q =⎧⎨=⎩对于选项D:例如,,则,可得,,因为,则,可得,即,符合题意,但,故D 错误;故选:AB.11.答案:ABC解析:A 选项,令,,则恒成立,故在上单调递增,则,令,则,故在上单调递增,故,所以,A 正确;B 选项,由A 选项知,时,单调递增,单调递减,则,所以,B 正确;C 选项,令,,则,,,11a =2q =12n n a -=011121122222n n n n T a a a -++⋅⋅⋅+-=⋅⋅⋅=⨯⨯⋅⋅⋅⨯==()21()22nn n n n a +==()2212222n n n n n T --⎛⎫== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭*n ∈N 22n n n >-2222n n n ->21()n n n a T +>11a =()e 1x f x x =--(0,1)x ∈()e 10x f x ='->()f x (0,1)x ∈()()00f x f >=()1ln g x x =-(0,1)x ∈()221110xg x x x x='-=-+>()g x (0,1)x ∈()()10g x g <=e 11ln x x x -->-1ln 2x x x x+>-+(1,)x ∈+∞()f x ()g x ()()1e 2f x f >=-()()10g x g <=e 11ln x x x -->-1ln 2x x x x+>-+()e sin x w x x x =-π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()()πe sin cos 1e sin 14x x w x x x x ⎛⎫=+-=+- ⎪⎝⎭'π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭ππ3π,444x ⎛+∈ ⎝(π4x ⎛⎫+∈ ⎪⎝⎭又在上恒成立,故在恒成立,故在上单调递增,又,故,即当时,,C 正确;D 选项,令,则当时,,当时,,在上单调递增,在上单调递减,其中,在上单调递增,在上单调递减,且,,画出两函数图象如下:时,不满足存在,使得当时,,D 错误.故选:ABC 12.答案:4e 1x >π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()πe sin 104x w x x ⎛⎫=+-> ⎪⎝⎭'π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()e sin x w x x x =-π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()00w =e sin 0x x x ->π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭e sin x x x >()t x =()0,π∈()t x ='()10e x x t x -'=>()1,πx ∈()10exxt x -'=<()ex xt x =()1,πx ∈π2ππ122et ⎛⎫=< ⎪⎝⎭()πt =()sin q x x =π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭π,π2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭π12q ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭()π0q =π,π2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭sin x >1π,π2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()1,πx x ∈sin x <sin x x x <,,,当且仅当时,等号成立,故答案为:4.13.答案:解析:因为且,则的最小正周期为,解得,所以令,解得,令,可得可知在,内有2个零点,且这2个零点关于直线对称,即这2个零点和为,所以所有零点之和为.故答案为:.14.答案:解析:因为对任意的x ,,都有:令,可知24a b ⋅=()2222224432164421616a a b b b λλλλλλ=+⋅+=++=+++≥ 2λ=-+ +10120π3-()21cos 2()sin πcos sin cos 2xf x x x x x x ωωωωωω-=-=1πsin 22sin 223x x x ωωω⎛⎫=+=+ ⎪⎝⎭0ω>()f x 2ππ2T ω==1ω=()πsin 23f x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭π22π3x k +=+∈Z πx k =∈Z ()πsin 203f x x ⎛⎫=+= ⎪⎝⎭πsin 23x ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭()f x ()π,1πk k +⎡⎤⎣⎦k ∈Z πx k =∈Z 2πx k =∈Z ()()π101202202420232023π4048π63-+-+⋅⋅⋅++⨯=-⎡⎤⎣⎦10120π3-(][),11,-∞-+∞ ()(),00,y ∈-∞+∞ ()1x f f x f y y ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭1x y ==()()()12110f f f =⇒=令,可知令,得故函数为偶函数,令要使则显然函数为偶函数;因为当时,得所以当时函数单调递减,此时也单调递减因为需要故因为为偶函数所以当时,的解为故不等式的解集为故答案为:15.答案:(1)单调增区间为,,单调减区间为(2)3解析:(1)因为,则,因为恒成立,由,得到或,由,得到,所以函数的单调增区间为,,减区间为.(2)由(1)知在区间上单调递增,在区间上单调递1x y ==-()()()12110f f f =-⇒-=1y =-()()()()()1f x f x f f x f x -=+-⇒-=() f x ()()1g x f x x =-+()1f x x ≤-()0g x ≤()()1g x f x x =-+,0x y >()110x y f f x y ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫-->⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭11110f f x y x y ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫--< ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭0x >()f x ()()1g x f x x =-+()()11110g f =-+=()0g x ≤1x ≥()()1g x f x x =-+0x <()0g x ≤1x ≤-()1f x x ≤-(][),11,-∞-+∞ (][),11,-∞-+∞ (),1-∞-()0,+∞(1,0)-()()2e 1x f x x x =-+()()2e (1)e x x f x x x x x '=+=+e 0x >()0f x '>1x <-0x >()0f x '<10x -<<()f x (),1-∞-()0,+∞(1,0)-()()2e 1x f x x x =-+[)2,1--(1,0)-减,在区间上单调递增,又,,显然有,所以在区间上最大值为,又函数在上恒成立,所以,得到最小的整数.16.答案:(1)证明见解析(2)6解析:(1)因为,所以当,时,,即,时,,又时,,所以数列为首项为1,公比为3的等比数列.(2)由(1)知,所以,又由,可得,,,所以,又,所以,整理得到,解得,所以n 的值为6.17.答案:(1)证明见解析解析:(1)因为因为,又,所以,(]0,1()31ef -=()1e f =(1)(1)f f -<()()2e 1x f x x x =-+[]2,1-e ()f x a ≤[]2,1-e a ≥3a =18,3,nn n a n a a n +-⎧=⎨⎩为奇数为偶数2n ≥n *∈N 212(1)122(23)1232312123123123(8)123(12)n n n n n n a a a a a a --+--+---=-=-=-=--=-2n ≥n *∈N 212(1)112336n n a a ----=-1n =11213121a -=-={}2112n a --121123n n a ---=121312n n a --=+18,3,nn n a n a a n +-⎧=⎨⎩为奇数为偶数22234n n a --=+2n ≥n *∈N 211232211321242()()n n n n n S a a a a a a a a a a a +++=+++++=+++++++ 1011313[33312(1)](3334)16122316111313n nnn n n n n n +---=++++++++++=+++=⨯++-- 21161469n S n +=+231611161469n n n ++⨯+=3729n =6n =()f x =()f x '=()f x ''=4222156316(048x x x -+=-+>()1,x ∈+∞63(1)0x x ->故在区间上恒成立,即函数上的凸函数.(2)①因为,所以由题知在区间上恒成立,即上恒成立,,则在区间上恒成立,令,对称轴为,所以当时,取到最大值,最大值为1,所以,得到.②由(1)知,令,则令在区间恒成立,当且仅当时取等号,所以上单调递增,得到,当且仅当时取等号,即在区间恒成立,当且仅当时取等号,即在区间上单调递增,所以令,令,得到,则在区间上恒成立,即在区间上单调递减,()42632(631)0(1)x x f x x x -+''=>-()1,+∞()f x =)1,+∞()2()2ln ln g x ax x x x a =--∈R ()22ln 2g x ax x '=---2()2g x a x ''=-221()20g x a x x ''=-+≥[)1,+∞22a x ≥-)1,+∞(]0,1t =∈222a t t ≥-(]0,122y t t =-1t =1t =22y t t =-21a ≥a ≥()21()2ln ln 2g x x x x x a =--∈R 21()()22ln ln 22H x g x x x x x x x =+=--+1()2ln 222ln H x x x x x x '=---+=-()2ln m x x x =--222222121(1)()10x x x x x x x x-+-'=-+==≥[)1,+∞1x =()2ln m x x x =--)1,+∞()(1)0m x m ≥=1x =1()2ln 0H x x x x'=--≥[)1,+∞1x =21()2ln ln 22H x x x x x x =--+[)1,+∞1()(1)22H x H ≥=+=()()31()23231x x xF x -=+-+312x t =-≥2(1)(2)t y t t =+-+22220(2)t y t t --'=<+-[2,)+∞2(1)(2)t y t t =+-+[2,)+∞所以即当,时取等号,所以,在上恒成立.(2)2解析:(1)由题意可知:,,且点,若,则所以扇形AOB 的面积且(2)若质点A 与质点B 的每一次相遇,,,解得,,的周期为4,即交点有4个,当时,;当时,;当时,;当时,;22(21)(22)y ≤+=-+[)1,x ∞∈+()()31()23231x xxF x -=+≤-+1x =()()31()223231x xxg x x -+≥+-+[)1,+∞AOB ∠=s t π12t -ππcos ,sin 44A t t ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭1t =πππ4412AOB ⎛⎫∠=+--=⎪⎝⎭217π1212S =⨯⨯=ππππππ1sin sin sin cos cos sin 4343432AOB ⎛⎫∠=+=+=+= ⎪⎝⎭ππ2π124t k ⎛⎫--+= ⎪⎝⎭k ∈N 6t k =∈N 3π2k =∈N 3π2k =∈N 1k =13π2θ=-()111cos ,sin P θθ2k =23π3ππ16θ=-=()222cos ,sin θθ3k =39π3ππ2162θ=-=-()333cos ,sin θθ4k =43π6π16θ=-=()444cos ,sin P θθ可得即,O ,以及,O ,均三点共线,且,,.19.答案:(1)答案见解析(2)(3)解析:(1)由函数,可得,若时,可得,所以在R 上单调递增;若时,令,解得,当时,,函数在上单调递减;当时,,函数在上单调递增.综上可得:当时,在R 上单调递增;若时,在上单调递减,在上单调递增.(2)令函数因为当时,恒成立,所以在上恒成立,又因为,要使得在上恒成立,则恒成立,令可得,即在上为单调递增函数,所以,解得,即实数m 的取值范围为.(3)当时,若的最小值是0,即在上恒成立,34θθ-=23θ-=12θ-=1P 3P 2P 4P 1324PP P P ⊥13242PPP P ==132412222PP P P ⋅=⨯⨯=(,1]-∞177e()e x f x mx =-()e x f x m '=-0m ≤()0f x '>()fx 0m >()0f x '=ln x m =ln x m <()0f x '<()f x (,ln )m -∞ln x m >()0f x '>()f x (ln ,)m +∞0m ≤()f x 0m >()f x (,ln )m -∞(ln ,)m +∞()()()e x h x f x x g x m =-=-()e x x m '-=0x ≥()()f x g x ≥()0h x ≥[0,)+∞()00h =()0h x ≥[0,)+∞()0h x '≥()()e x x h x m ϕ-'==()e e e 0xx x x ϕ'==--=>()h x [0,)+∞()()min 010h x h m ''==-≥1m ≤(,1]-∞0x ≥()()f x ng x -()()()e 0x m x f x n mx g x ---=≥=[0,)+∞即在上恒成立,显然相切时取得等号,由函数,可得所以切线方程为即因为切线过原点,则解得,,所以,令,其中,可得,令,解得当时,,单调递增;当时,,单调递减,所以可得则,e x mx -≥[0,)+∞e x y -=00,e x x -e x y -'=00e |x x x y ='=00e ()x y x x ⎛=-- ⎝000e (1)e x x y x x ⎛=+-- ⎝00e 0(1)e x x m x ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=--+⎪⎩00(1e x n x =-0002000e (1)e (1)e x x x m x x x =--=-+02000(1(1e )x m x x x +=-++-02000(1(1e x x x x =-++-⋅()2(1(1e x F x x x x =-++-⋅0x >()(1)F x x x '=+-()0F x '=x =10,7x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()0F x '>()F x 1,7x ⎛⎫∈+∞ ⎪⎝⎭()0F x '<()F x ()177F x F ⎛⎫≥= ⎪⎝⎭4349==()1743e e 49xm x x =-()1743e e 49xm x -'-=107⎛⎫'= ⎪⎝⎭只需证明:当时,,当时,,令因为和为增函数,所以,所以为增函数,因为,所以当时,,当时,,所以即的最大值为10,7x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()0m x '<1,7x ⎛⎫∈+∞ ⎪⎝⎭()0m x '>()()7143e e 49xn x m x '=--=()e x x =-'e xy =y =()x '()()010n x n ''>=>()m x 107m ⎛⎫'= ⎪⎝⎭10,7x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭()0m x '<1,7x ⎛⎫∈+∞ ⎪⎝⎭()0m x '>7m +≤4349==m +7。
湖南省长沙市周南教育集团2025届高三上学期10月第二次月考地理试题(含答案)

A.技术、劳动力B.交通、劳动力C.原料、交通、市场D.水源、地形、原料
2.华美食品(河北)工业园所在的开发区,其主要功能区有( )
A.工业区、仓储区、居住区B.工业区、商贸区、居住区
C.大学城、仓储区、工业区D.科技园、仓储区、大学城
3.为促进企业发展,华美食品集团适宜扩张布局的区域还有( )
6.引起莫诺纳湖湖水温度分异和底层水温骤升的主要原因是()
①湖面结冰②径流减少③气候回暖④大风天气
A.①④B.②③C.①③D.②④
7.未来冬季盐径流含盐量继续不断增加,整体上会使得莫诺纳湖()
A.湖泊咸淡性质转变B.水温分异时间缩短
C.底层水温提前骤升D.底层水温骤升放缓
土壤孔隙度即土壤中孔隙体积占土壤总体积的百分数,它是影响土壤蓄水能力的重要指标。下表为我国南方某山地不同植被土壤孔隙度情况。据此完成下面小题。
4.维持老年人口迁移Ⅲ型的省份,在空间分布上呈现()
A 均衡性B.分散性C.临近性D.集中性
5.与1995年相比,2020年老年人口迁移分型向上的省份,多数()
A.空间位置邻近B.经济发展模式相似
C.产业部门接近D.位于中西部地区
莫诺纳湖位于美国的五大湖区,平均湖深22米。每年冬春季,莫诺纳湖都要经历一次湖水温度分异和底层水温骤升事件。据研究,莫诺纳湖冬季存在盐径流注入,与周边水体混合慢,近年来盐径流含盐量不断增加。下图示意2020年1~5月莫诺纳湖底表层湖水水温变化。完成下面小题。
土壤孔隙度
针阔混交林
常绿阔叶林
楠竹林
灌木林
总孔隙
60
62
50
77
非毛管孔
17
四川省广元市广元中学2022届高三上学期第二次阶段性考试理科综合试题 Word版含答案

广元中学高2021级高三上期其次次段考理科综合力量测试留意事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
满分300分,考试时间150分钟。
2.答题前考生务必用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息3.考试作答时,请将答案正确填写在答题卡上。
第一卷每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;第Ⅱ卷请用直径0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答,超出..答题区域书写的答案无效,在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效.........................。
有关元素的相对原子质量是:H-1 B-11 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5 Fe-56 Cu-64 Ag-108第I卷(选择题共126分)一、选择题(本题包括13小题,每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求)1.下列有关生命系统结构层次的叙述不正确...的是A.“一只草履虫”和“一只山羊”二者生命系统的结构层次是完全相同的B.“三倍体”是从个体层次对体细胞染色体数量特征的描述C.“丰富度”是在群落层次上对物种组成的分析D.最基本的生命系统是细胞,最大的生命系统是生物圈2.下图曲线表示完全相同的两个植物细胞分别放置在A、B溶液中,细胞失水量的变化状况。
相关叙述不正..确.的是A.该试验可选取绿色植物成熟的叶肉细胞来进行B.若B溶液的浓度稍增大,则曲线中a点上移,b点右移C.两条曲线的差异是由于A、B溶液浓度不同导致D.0-4min细胞内渗透压上升,细胞的吸水力量增大3.下列细胞中的生理过程肯定不在细胞器中进行的有①人体细胞CO2的产生②大肠杆菌细胞中转运RNA和氨基酸的结合③叶肉细胞DNA的复制和转录④酵母菌细胞中[H]和O2的结合⑤硝化细菌细胞中NH3的氧化⑥蓝藻细胞O2的生成A.一项 B.两项 C.三项 D.四项4.以下关于“同位素标记法”的说法,正确的是A.用3H标记的尿苷供应应植物,一段时间后,只有分生区可检测到放射性B.用15N标记某精原细胞的全部DNA,放入含14N的培育液中让其完成一次减数分裂,则形成的精细胞中有50%是有放射性的C.用35S标记噬菌体的DNA,并以此侵染细菌,证明白DNA是遗传物质D.用H218O浇灌植物一段时间后,在H2O、CO2、(CH2O)、O2等物质中可检测到放射性5.用玉米的花药进行组织培育,单倍体幼苗期经秋水仙素处理后形成二倍体植株(该过程不考虑基因突变)。
2022-2023学年黑龙江省牡丹江市二中高三上学期第二次阶段测试生物试题(解析版)

黑龙江省牡丹江市二中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次阶段测试生物试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单选题1.如图所示为生命系统的结构层次,下列叙述正确的是()A.细菌为单细胞生物,只属于结构层次中的①B.地球上最大的生态系统是①C.绿色开花植物无结构层次①D.病毒属于最基本的生命系统【答案】C【分析】分析题图可知,图中①〜①分别是细胞、组织、系统、种群、群落、生态系统和生物圈。
【详解】A、细菌属于单细胞生物,既是细胞层次也是个体层次,A错误;B、最大的生命系统是生物圈,即①,B错误;C、植物无①系统这个结构层次,只有细胞、组织、器官和个体等结构层次,C正确;D、最基本的生命系统是细胞,病毒不具有细胞结构,不属于生命系统的结构层次,D 错误。
故选C。
2.在观察水绵细胞时,将低倍镜换成高倍镜后,物像大小、细胞数目和视野亮度的变化()A.变大、变多、变亮B.变大、变少、变暗C.变小、变多、变亮D.变小、变多、变暗【答案】B【分析】用显微镜观察细胞时,放大倍数越小,物像越小,视野中的细胞数目越多,视野越亮;放大倍数越大,物像越大,视野中的细胞数目越少,视野越暗。
【详解】将低倍物镜换成高倍物镜后,显微镜的放大倍数变大,细胞的体积变大,看到的细胞数目减少,此时进入视野的光线减少,视野就变暗。
因此,将低倍物镜换成高倍物镜后,物像大小、细胞数目和视野亮度的变化是:变大、变少、变暗。
故选B。
3.下列有关细胞中元素和化合物的叙述,正确的是()A.不同生物细胞中元素种类和含量基本相同B.细胞生命活动所需主要能源物质是葡萄糖C.所有分子和离子都容易与自由水形成氢键D.细胞中大多数无机盐以化合物的形式存在【答案】B【分析】水是由两个氢原子和氧原子形成的角度大约是109度,两个氢原子的中点与氧原子的中心不重合(180度时重合)所以水是极性分子。
江西省高安中学2020届高三上学期第二次段考数学(理)试题Word版含答案

江西省高安中学2018届高三第二次段考试题理科数学命题人:朱细秀 第I 卷(共60分)一、选择题:本大题共 12个小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的. 4 x11.已知集合 A 二{x ・Z| 0} , B 二{x|2x 乞4},则A "B=x+2 4 B.{0,1,2} C. A.{x| —1 _x _2} D.{-2, -1,0,1,2} 2.下列函数中,在其定义域内既是奇函数又是增函数的是(1 , 1 x B. y = g x 1「X {-1,0,1,2}A. y C. y = tanx 3•函数 f(x) =3si n (― 3-2x )的一个单调递增区间是( 4. 5. 6. A .[ ----- ----- ][12,12 ] 下列说法正确的是( 7 13 B.[——-^] [12 , 12 ]) C. 5兀兀 D・F ]A. -x, y R,若x y^O,则x^1且y —1B. a R a - :::1”是“a ・T 的必要不充分条件 aC.命题“ x • R ,使得x 2 2x 0 ”的否定是D. -x _0 都有 2x x 2已知数列'a n'为等差数列,其前 A. 110 B.55 f (x )是定义在R 上的偶函数, b = f (3), c 二 2 A. a :: b ::: c 卄 1 7.右 tan :-----“ -x R ,都有 x 2 2x 3 0” n 项和为 S n , 2a ? -a 8 = 5,则 Sn 为() C.50 D.不能确定 f (x )在(0,上单调递增, 2 f (log 3),则下列不等式成立的是(B. a :: c :: bC. c :: b ■ a D 1 a 二 f(log 3), .c :: a :: b3 —a J2Tt Tt .,则sin i 2a +工h 勺值为( 4'2 ,.4(2 B.-5102 D.-10&圆O 的半径为3,一条弦AB=4,P 为圆O 上任意一点,则AB BP 的取值范围为()A. (1,::)A. 1-16,0]B.0,16] C. [-20,4] D. [-4,20 ]的投影为()A .匕!B 空C. 乂D ・1313 6 13 10.已知函数 f (x)是函数f (x)的导函数,1 f(1),对任意实数都有ef(x) - f (x) • 0,则不等式 f(x) :::i 的解集为()b 的夹角为 9.已知向量a , 120,且|a|=2 , |b|=3则向量2a 3b 在向量2a b 方向上11. 已知数列[为等差数列,若a"- a^ < 25恒成立,则印Va?的取值范围是A . [-10、2,10、、2]B . ^^2,5,2]C. [-10,10]D. [-5,5]12.函数f(x)"OS(2x—32 二 )4 cos 2x -2311二 19二3X (x [12 12 ])所有零点之和为A.3B.二、填空题(每题 5分,满分13.等比数列 加 的各项均为正数,4 二C.-3第n 卷(共90分)20分,将答案填在答题纸上)10且 a 1Q an - a g a 12 = 2e ,则 In a 1 In a 2 • I H ln a®C. (1,e)“平均每件产品的实体店体验安装费用的一半”之和,则该公司最大月利润是___________ 万元.三、解答题 (本大题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.)17. (本小题满分10分)在直角坐标系xOy中,已知点A a,a ,B 2,3 ,C 3,2 .(i)若向量超AC 的夹角为钝角,求实数a的取值范围;(n)若a=1,点P x,y在:ABC三边围成的区域(含边界)上,OP = mAB nAC m, n R,求m - n 的最大值.18. (本小题满分12分)已知等差数列:a/?的前n项和为S n,已知a^7 , a3为整数,且 &的最大值为S5.(i)求订鳥的通项公式;(n)设0二豊,求数列<:b n [的前n项和「.2n19. (本小题满分12分)x 兀已知函数f (x)二cos2x 4sin x sin2( ).(i)将函数f 2x的图像向右平移二个单位得到函数g x的图像,若「/ ],6 12 2 求函数g x的值域;(n)已知a,b,c分别为ABC中角代B,C的对边,且满足b = 2 , f(A)=』2 1 ,、3a =2bsin 代B(0,3),求ABC 的面积.20. (本小题满分12分)P 如图,四棱锥P-ABCD的底面ABCD为平行四边形,平面E-PAB 丄平面 ABCD , PB=PC,. ABC =45:,点 E 是线段 PA 上 靠近点A 的三等分点.(I)求证:AB _ PC(n)若:PAB 是边长为2的等边三角形,求直线 DE 与平面PBC 所成角的正弦值.21. (本小题满分12分)已知正项数列的前n 项和为S n ,且2S n 二K -1 a n 2 .(I)求的通项公式;22. (本小题满分12分)已知函数 f x = xe T-a ln x x .(I)若函数f x 恒有两个零点,求 a 的取值范围; (n)若对任意x 0,恒有不等式f x -1成立.①求实数a 的值;②证明:x 2e x • x 2 l nx • 2si nx江西省高安中学2018届高三第二次段考试题理科数学参考答案(n)设数列n-1 2n na n的前n 项和为T n ,试比较T n 与J2n 1 18-n -2n-2n +1的大CB B B BCD C D A A C9兀l13.100 14.6 15.4.5 16.37.5ss417.解:(1)由晶=2 _a,3 _a , AC -3- a,2 - a ,ABjAC =2 a 1 2 -5a 6 :: 0,2 ::: a ::: 3 又 a =舟,AB 与卞C 夹角为二,所以a 訂 2,5 L 巴3 i ; ........................................................................................................ 5 分.2 2'(2)T OP = mAB nAC, x, y = m 1,2 i 亠 n 2,1 ,即 x = m 2n, y = 2m n ,解得 m-n 二y-x ,令 y_x=t ,由图知,当直线 y=x+t 过点B(2,3 )时,t 取得最大值1,故m-n 的最大值为1..10分■2】Ed 乞-13 , 3 4 d =29 75 11 -2n所以T n23 •…—,① 2 2 2 -1 十 9 7 5 11 —2 n 金 —T n — •… r-,② 2 2 2 2 21②式减①式得,-丄几2 n数列 ;的通项公式为a n =11 -2n(2) 因为 b.11「2n18.解:(1)由 a ? =7 , a 3为整数知等差数列Ya. ?的公差d 为整数.又 S n ^Ss ,故 a 5 -0 ,a6- 0 ,解得因此9 11 1 9 T 1丄…— 2g n 』11 —2nx \=cos 2x +4sin x sin 3JI24丿=cos2x 4sinx 1 - cos I X■ 2丿平面 PAB 平面 ABCD ,且面 PAB 面ABCD = AB , PO _ 面ABCD:‘PB 二PC, Rt POB 也 Rt POC(HL), OB = OC又 ABC =45 , OC _ AB又PO CO=O,由①②,得AB _面POC ,又PC 面POC ,AB _ PC(n)T 「.:PAB 是边长为2的等边二角形,3整理得 因此T n2n _7=7 2n12分-1 - 2 sin x , ............................................................ (1)平移可得g x = 2sin !2x _丄 x •—— 12 2 —"1, 3兀2兀& _ 6,3x J 时,g X min =0 ;当 X = 5 二时,g x max =312 12 •••所求值域为1.0,3 1 (2)由已知.、3a=2bsi nA 及正弦定理得:,3s in A=2si n Bsi nA , 二 sin B = ,T 0 cB £三,-B=—,由 f ( A ) = +1得 sin A = ,又 a = b < b , 2 2 3 2 v 3 10分 由正弦定理得:a =空6, 311分 二S 应BC =^ab sin C =丄*:空6疋2疋皿 +忑 =3 +忑A2 234 312分20. (I)作 po _ AB 于 O①,连接OC19.解:P二PO 」3,OA =OB =OC =1如图建立空间坐标系,P(0,0, ..3),B(1,0,0)C(0,1,0)A(-1,0,0)设面PBC 的法向量为n = (x, y,z)pB =(1,0,「3), BC =(-1,1,0)n吁x —辰=0,令x‘,得n (3®n BC - -x y = 0AP =(1,0, ..3), AE =〔AP =(丄,0,-^), CB 二 DA =(1,-1,0)3 3 34a •' 3DE =DA AE =( — ,“,——),设DE 与面PBC 所成角为二 3 33三严 3 _ 3 16 1 3.3 3 1 .9 911分21. (1 )证明:当 n =1 时,20 = (a ( -1)G 2);印 0,2当 n 一2时,2a n =2(S n - S n" =a 2 -a j : ' a^a n j , (a n ' a n 」)(a n -a n 4 -1) = 0■■ a n ■ a n 40,・ a n -a n4 =1 • (4)分.数列;a n 是以2为首项1为公差的等差数列,.a n 二n • 123n ,n22 2 2 2 2 T n : 21 3n : >1 n :「1 n 1c 2 (18 -n)—2n — 2 2 (n —17)~2~n 1sin v -| cos :: n, DE | =| -D^- | = .3 7•••直线DE 与平面PBC 所成角的正弦值、3712分(2)解:.na nn(n 1) n 1 nT2n 118 _n) _2n _2 2I nc 〒2n ^(18_ n)_2n_2:::0,. Tn :::c 十2n ^(18_ n)_2n_20,. T n22.【解析】(1) f x = xe x - a lnx-ax, x - 0,则f X = X 1 e x -a 1 1 = X 1e : l x 丿 V当a 乞0时,f x .0,故f x 单调递增,故不可能存在两个零点,不符合题意; .............................................................................. 2分 当a - 0时,「x =0有唯一解x =x 0,此时e x0x 0 = a ,贝yf x min =f 人 l=X0e " -alnx 0-ax 。
湖南省邵阳市第二中学2022-2023学年高三上学期阶段性(第二次)考试化学试题

高三第二次小考之金属及其化合物一、单选题(每题2分,共40分)1.化学与生产、生活密切相关。
下列有关说法正确的是A.燃煤脱硫有利于实现“碳达峰、碳中和”B.核酸检测是确认病毒类型的有效手段,核酸不属于天然高分子化合物C.野外被蚊虫叮咬,可在伤口处涂抹肥皂水来减轻痛痒D.天然气、水煤气、沼气等不可再生能源,均可设计成燃料电池实现能量转化2.2022年4月16日9时56分,在太空遨游半年的神舟十三号飞船在东风着陆场平安降落。
下列有关说法错误的是A.飞船的天线是用钛镍形状记忆合金制造的,低温下折叠,进入太空后在阳光照射下重新展开B.载人飞船中的太阳能电池和储能电池均可将化学能转化为电能C.返回舱表面的“烧蚀层”熔点很高,因此可以保护返回舱不因高温而烧毁3.中华古诗词精深唯美,下列有关说法错误的是A.“东风夜放花千树,更吹落,星如雨”中所描述的场景中涉及焰色反应B.“千门万户曈曈日,总把新桃换旧符”中“桃符”的主要成分是纤维素C.“日照香炉生紫烟,遥看瀑布挂前川”中“紫烟”描述的是碘升华D.“疏影横斜水清浅,暗香浮动月黄昏”中“暗香浮动”是分子运动的结果4.化学与社会环境、科学技术密切相关,下列说法错误的是A.冬奥场馆使用2CO 制冷剂制冰是物理过程B.王亚平太空授课,将泡腾片(含酒石酸和碳酸氢钠)溶于水,在水球内产生气泡是化学过程C.火炬“飞扬”使用氢气燃料,表示氢气燃烧热的热化学方程式为2222H (g)O (g)2H O(g)+=1ΔH=572kJ mol --⋅D.“霾尘积聚难见路人”,雾霾所形成的气溶胶可发生丁达尔效应5.宋应星在《天工开物》中述及铜的开采与冶炼:凡铜砂,……淘洗去土滓,然后入炉煎炼,其熏蒸旁溢者为自然铜……色似干银泥……凡铜质有数种:有与铅同体者,其煎炼炉法,傍通高低二孔,铅质先化,从上孔流出。
下列有关说法正确的是A.淘洗去土滓属于原料的富集 B.炼制所得自然铜为纯铜C.与铅分离过程是利用铅与铜的熔点不同 D.下孔流出物可用热分解法得铜6.N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列说法正确的是A.常温下22.4L NH 3含有的中子数为7N A B.常温下1L pH=13的Ba(OH)2溶液中OH -的数目为0.2N A C.将50mL 12mol/L 盐酸与足量2MnO 共热,转移的电子数为0.3N A D.56g C 3H 6和C 4H 8的混合气体中含有的氢原子数为8N A7.N A 为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
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大田一中2015—2016学年第一学期第二次阶段考高三化学试题命题人:严志烨审核人:郑启利(考试时间:2015年12月18日上午8:15-9:45 满分:100分)相对原子质量:H-1 O-16 C-12 S-32 Ca-40 Ag-108一、选择题(每题2分,共40分)1.化学与环境、材料、信息、能源关系密切,下列说法正确的是()A.绿色化学的核心是应用化学原理对环境污染进行治理B.开发高效氢能、太阳能等新型电动汽车,以解决城市机动车尾气排放问题C.PM 2.5是指大气中直径接近2.5×10﹣6m的颗粒物,分散在空气中形成胶体D.半导体行业中有一句话:“从沙滩到用户”,计算机芯片的材料是二氧化硅2.重水(D2O)是重要的核工业原料,下列说法错误的是()A.氘(D)的原子核外有1个电子 B. 1 H与D互称同位素C.H2O与D2O互称同素异形体 D. 1H182O与D162O的相对分子质量相同3.设N A代表阿伏加德罗常数,下列叙述正确的是()A.标准状况下,4.0g CH4中含有共价键的数目为N AB.常温常压下,6.4g氧气和臭氧中含有的分子总数为0.2N AC.常温常压下,22.4LNH3约含有N A个NH3分子D.一定条件下6.4g SO2与足量氧气反应生成SO3,转移电子数为0.2N A4.下列有关金属的工业制法中,正确的是()A.制钠:用海水为原料制得精盐,再电解纯净的NaCl溶液B.制铁:以铁矿石、焦炭为原料,冶炼得到铁C.制镁:用海水为原料,经一系列过程制得氧化镁固体、再用H2还原得到镁D.制铝:从铝土矿中获得氧化铝再得到氯化铝固体,电解熔融的氯化铝得到铝5.关于某无色溶液中所含离子的鉴别,下列判断正确的是( )A.加入AgNO3溶液,生成白色沉淀,加稀盐酸沉淀不溶解时,可确定有Cl-存在B.通入Cl2后,溶液变为深黄色,加入淀粉溶液后溶液变蓝,可确定有I-存在C.加入Ba(NO3)2溶液,生成白色沉淀,加稀盐酸后沉淀不溶解时,可确定有SO2-4存在D.加入稀盐酸,生成的气体能使澄清石灰水变浑浊,可确定有CO2-3存在67.下列离子方程式书写正确的是()A.Cu(OH)2中加入硫酸:OH﹣+H+═H2OB.钠加入水中:Na+2H2O═Na++2OH﹣+H2↑C.FeSO4溶液中加入稀硝酸:3Fe2++4H++NO3﹣═3Fe3++2H2O+NO↑D.Al2(SO4)3溶液中加入足量Ba(OH)2溶液:2Al3++3SO42﹣+3Ba2++6OH﹣═2Al(OH)3↓+3BaSO4↓8.短周期元素X、Y、Z、W、Q在元素周期表中的相对位置如图1所示。
下列说法正确的是A.元素Y的单质比元素X的单质更容易与氢气反应B.原子半径的大小顺序为:r X>r Y>r Z>r W>r QC.离子Y2-和Z 3+的核外电子数和电子层数都不相同D.元素W的最高价氧化物对应的水化物的酸性比Q的强9.用下列实验装置和方法进行相应实验,能达到实验目的的是()A.用图1装置除去Cl2中混有的少量HClB.用图2装置分离水和溴苯的混合物C.用图3装置制备并收集NO气体D.用图4装置蒸干AlCl3饱和溶液制备AlCl3晶体10.( )11.根据如下海水综合利用的工业流程图,下列说法正确的是()A.除去粗盐中杂质(Mg2+、SO42﹣、Ca2+),加入药品的顺序为:NaOH溶液→Na2CO3溶液→BaCl2溶液→过滤后加盐酸B.在过程④中SO2被还原C.从第③步到第⑤步的目的是为了浓缩D.从能量转换角度看,氯碱工业中电解饱和食盐水是一个将化学能转化为电能的过程12.)13.下列各组离子一定能够大量共存的是()A.使紫色石蕊变红的溶液:Fe2+、Mg2+、NO3-、Cl-B.含有较多Fe3+的溶液:Na+、SO42-、SCN-、CO32-C.无色透明的酸性溶液:Na+、Al3+、S2-、SO32-D.无色透明的碱性溶液:ClO-、K+、Cl-、Na+14.下列依据热化学方程式得出的结论正确的是()A.已知2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g) △H=-483.6kJ·mol—1,则氢气的燃烧热为241.8kJ·mol—1 B.已知C(石墨,s)=C(金刚石,s)△H>0,则金刚石比石墨稳定C.已知2C(s) +2O2(g)=2CO2(g) △H1;2C(s) +O2(g)=2CO(g) △H2,则△H1>△H2D.已知Ni(CO)4(s)=Ni(s)+4CO(g) △H= Q kJ·mol-1,则Ni(s) +4CO(g)=Ni(CO)4(s) △H=-QkJ·mol-115. 下列关于金属腐蚀的说法正确的是()A.金属在潮湿的空气中腐蚀的实质是:M+n H2O===M(OH)n+n/2H2↑B.金属化学腐蚀的实质是:M-n e-=M n+,电子直接转移给还原剂C.金属化学腐蚀必须在酸性条件下进行D.在潮湿的中性环境中金属的电化学腐蚀主要是吸氧腐蚀16.向1L含Ba(OH)2、NaAlO2均为0.1mol的混合液中逐滴加入0.1mol·L-1稀硫酸时,溶液中生成沉淀的物质的量(n)与稀硫酸体积(V)的关系图正确的是( )17.铅酸蓄电池是目前应用普遍的化学电池,新型液流式铅酸蓄电池以可溶的甲基磺酸铅为电解质,电池总反应:Pb +PbO 2+4H + 放电充电2Pb 2++2H 2O 下列有关新型液流式铅酸蓄电池的说法不正确的是( )A .放电时,蓄电池由化学能转化为电能B .充放电时,溶液的导电能力变化不大C .放电时,负极反应式为Pb -2e -===Pb 2+D .充电时,阳极反应式为Pb 2++4OH -+2e -===PbO 2+2H 2O18.已知:C(s)+H 2O(g)===CO(g)+H 2(g) ΔH =akJ ·mol -1 2C(s)+O 2(g)===2CO(g) ΔH =-220kJ ·mol -1H —H 、O===O 和O —H 键的键能分别为436、496和462kJ ·mol -1,则a 为( )A .-332B .-118C .+350D .+13019.某强酸性溶液X 中仅含有NH 4+、Al 3+、Ba 2+、Fe 2+、Fe 3+、CO 32﹣、SO 32﹣、SO 42﹣、Cl ﹣、N O 3﹣中的一种或几种,取该溶液进行连续实验,实验过程如下:下列有关推断合理的是( )A .根据上述连续实验不能确定溶液X 中是否含有Fe 3+B .沉淀H 为Al (OH )3、BaCO 3的混合物C .溶液中一定含有H +、Al 3+、NH 4+、Fe 2+、SO 42﹣、Cl ﹣D .若溶液X 为100 mL ,产生的气体A 为112 mL (标况),则X 中c (Fe 2+)=0.05 mol•L ﹣120. 有一稀硫酸和稀硝酸的混合酸,其中H 2SO 4和HNO 3的物质的量浓度分别是4 mol/L 和2 mol/L ,取10 mL 此混合酸,向其中加入过量的铁粉,待反应结束后,可产生标准状况下的气体的体积为(设反应中HNO 3被还原成NO ) ( )A .0.448 LB .0.672 LC .0.896 LD .0.224 L二、填空题21.(10分)X 、Y 、Z 、W 、R 是短周期元素,原子序数依次增大,只有一种金属,X 原子核外各层电子数之比为1:2,Y 原子和Z 原子的核外电子数之和为20,W 和R 是同周期相邻元素,Y 的氧化物和R 的氧化物均能形成酸雨。
请回答下列问题:(1)元素X 的最高价氧化物的电子式为 ;元素Z 的离子结构示意图为 。
(2)元素W 位于周期表的第 周期第 族。
(3)元素Z和元素R的最高价氧化物所对应水化物发生反应的离子方程式。
(4)R的一种氧化物能使品红溶液褪色,其能与酸性高锰酸钾反应,并使溶液褪色,请写出反应的离子方程式。
(5)Y和Z组成的化合物ZY,被大量用于制造电子元件.工业上用Z的氧化物、X单质和Y 单质在高温下制备ZY,其中Z的氧化物和X单质的物质的量之比为1:3,则该反应的化学方程式为。
22.(9分)A—G均是中学常见化学物质,已知M是一种常用的氮肥,各物质间有如图转化关系。
图中每一方格表示有关的一种反应物或生成物,其中A、C为无色气体。
根据图中信息完成下列各小题:(1)物质M在加热时生成A、B、C的化学方程式为(2)反应①中,每生成1molD,转移电子的物质的量为(3)如何检验M中含有NH4+离子。
(4)G和木炭在加热时反应的化学方程式为(5)反应②的离子方程式。
23.(13分)在如图所示的装置中,若通直流电5min时,铜电极质量增加2.16g。
试回答下列问题。
(1)电源中X电极为直流电源的________极。
(2)A中发生反应的离子方程式为。
(3)B中电解一段时间后,溶液的PH如何变化(填:变大、变小或不变),若要使溶液恢复原状,可向溶液中加入适量的。
(4)写出以下电极反应式①C中的Ag电极。
②B中的阳极。
(5) 通电5min时,B中共收集224mL(标准状况下)气体,溶液体积为200mL,则通电前CuSO4溶液的物质的量浓度为________(设电解前后溶液体积无变化)。
(6)若电解中的直流电源为甲烷燃料电池(KOH为电解质),则电池的负极反应式为24.(15分)碳酸锰主要用于制备软磁铁氧体,工业上以软锰矿(主要成分MnO2)和黄铁矿(主要成分FeS2)为主要原料制备碳酸锰(MnCO3难溶,分解温度较高)的一种工艺流程如下:回答下列问题:(1)为了提高溶浸工序中原料的浸出效率,可以采取的措施有A.适当升高温度 B.加压 C.研磨矿石 D.加入足量的蒸馏水(2)溶浸过程中发生的主要反应如下,请完成并配平该反应的离子方程式:2FeS2+15MnO2+ = Fe3++ Mn2+ + SO42ˉ+(3)操作1经、(填操作名称)烘干等过程可得到无水碳酸锰。
(4)①除铁工序中,先加入适量的软锰矿,其作用是除去可能未被完全氧化的Fe2+,如何检验溶液中的Fe2+已被完全氧化?,②再加入石灰调节溶液pH的范围为。
(5)副产品A的主要成分是。
(6)黄铁矿(主要成分是FeS2)还可以用来制备化工原料FeSO4,FeSO4可转化为FeCO3,FeCO3在空气中加热反应可制得铁系氧化物材料。
已知25 ℃,101 kPa时:4Fe(s)+3O2(g) =2Fe2O3(s) ΔH=-1648 kJ/molC(s)+O2(g) =CO2(g) ΔH=-393 kJ/mol2Fe(s)+2C(s)+3O2(g) =2FeCO3(s) ΔH=-1480 kJ/molFeCO3在空气中加热反应生成Fe2O3的热化学方程式是。