现在完成时态的结构
主要适用于下面的几种情况：
1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作
By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。
She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。
We haven't met for many years .我们已多年没见了。
They have developed a new product .他们研制成功了一种新产品。
2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作
Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？
She has been to the United States. 她已去美国了。
You have grown much taller.你长高了许多。
3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续
It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。
They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。
So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.至今我们还只讨论了前五章。
几点注意
1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语言环境。
例如：
He speaks English .（一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。
）
He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般过去时，说明动作发生的时间。
）
He is speaking English.（现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。
）
He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（现在完成时，这里说明动作的总和。
）
He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. （现在完成进行时，强调动作的连续性。
）
2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。
例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.
I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.
3) 有些动词表示无法持续的动作，它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。
这类动词常见的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , und erstand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。
Be动词若是用于进行时态，可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。
例如：
T om is being a good boy today .汤姆今天很乖。
He is being childish .他这样做是耍孩子气。
You are not being modest .你这样说不太谦虚。
4）关于现在完成时的时间状语问题
A. 凡是"完成时态"都表示，不知道也不管动作发生的具体时间, 所以在使用现在完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语，如：yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副词连用，如：just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。
B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。
另外，ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里，因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间，属于表示具体过去时间的状语。
但是可以用before 来表示"以前"的意义，因为它只表示"以前"，而不知什么时候的以前。
C. 如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子，不可以和以for表示的"一段时间"的状语连用。
在这种情况下，应该用"It has been …；since…"的句式来表达。
如：
He has joined the army for five years. （错误）
It has been five years since he joined the army.（正确）。
现在完成时
六、瞬间动词动词与时间段的关系
瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词或终止性动词。这 种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作 的结束，所以在肯定句、疑问句中不能与表 示一段时间的时间状语连用（在否定句可以 用，表示一种状态）但可以用其它方式来表 示。 I haven’t bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。
He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。 第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：“He bought
an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这 本字典” 。
2.现在完成时的时间状语： for, since, ever, just, yet, already等不确定的 时间状语。 They have lived here for ten years.
She has been in the Reading Club for many years .
I have known Daniel since ten years ago.
6.小名参军半年了。 Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year. Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago. 7.我们上了8年学了。 We have been students for eight years. 8.下课10分钟了 The class has been over for ten minutes. 9.电影开始了一小时了 The film has been on for an hour.
现在完成时态讲解
现在完成时现在完成时表示在过去发生但与现在情况有联系的动作或状态的时态。
那么，英语现在完成时的句子结构和语法特点是怎样的呢?下面为您讲解一下。
1、现在完成时的构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+动词过去分词”构成的。
①助动词have/has可以与主语缩写为‟ve / …s。
e.g. I have → I‟ve We have → We‟ve He has → He‟s It has → It‟s②规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式一样。
③不规则变化的动词过去分词见表。
2、现在完成时的基本句型。
①陈述句肯定形式。
e.g. I have had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。
He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
②陈述句否定形式。
(在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为haven‟t/hasn‟te.g. I haven‟t had lunch. 我还未吃午饭。
He hasn‟t gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。
③一般疑问句形式及其答语。
(将助动词have/has提前，答语一般用have, has回答)e.g. Have you had lunch? 你吃过午饭了没? Yes, I have. No, I haven‟t.Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了没有? Yes, he has. No, he hasn‟t.否定回答还可以用：No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等。
④特殊疑问句形式。
(疑问词+一般疑问句)e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里?3、现在完成时的三个基本用法。
(1) 现在完成时的第一个基本用法表示过去发生或已完成的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
e.g. Have you had lunch? Yes, I have. I‟ve just had it.你吃过午饭没?有，吃过了，我刚刚吃的。
现在完成时态结构
定句：主语+have/has+过去分词否定句：主语+have/has not +过去分词疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词7. 现在完成时(1) 现在完成时的句型结构①肯定句：主语+ have/has+ 过去分词②否定句：主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词③疑问句：Have/Has +主语+过去分词(2) 现在完成时的用法①表示到目前为止曾经有过的或未曾有过的经历和体验。
常和never, ever, several times等连用。
如：I’ve never been to Africa.Have you ever been to Tokyo？I’ve been there three times.②. 表示某动作从过去开始，现在刚刚完成，对现在有一定的影响。
常与just, already, yet, so far等词语连用。
如：He has just finished his new book.注意：just now用于过去时。
③.表示某动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，可能还会持续下去。
通常与for或since连用。
如：I have lived in Qingdao for 6years. /since 6 years ago/since 2003/since I came to this city.It is/has been …+ since….It’s been seven years since we last saw each other.It’s six years since he was a teacher.注意:for+一段时间，since后接一个过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子。
④在表将来的时间状语和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时。
如：You can go home when you havefinished your work.比较：You can go home when youfinish your work.(3) 过去分词的构成①一般情况下在动词词尾后直接加-ed。
现在完成时.
join-- be in/be a/an… start/begin-- be on die-- be dead close-- be closed open-- be open return-- be back marry-- be married become-- be
三、固定句式：
It is / has been + 段时间 + since 从句(用一 般过去时） eg：It is has been two days since he left for China. It is /has been a year since they joined the army. It is / has been ten years since the hospital opened.
1、 陈述句：
I / We / You / They have seen.... He / She / It has seen.....
2、一般问句及简略回答： Have you / they seen....? Yes, I /we / they have. No, I / we / they haven...? Yes, he / she / it has. No, he / she / it hasn't. 3、否定句： I / We / You / They haven't seen...; He / She / It hasn't seen...
六、 使用现在完成时应注意的问题：
1.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1） 一般过去时表示过去的事实，强 调动作发生的时间、地点、方式； 2）而现在完成时表示过去动作与现 在的关系，强调对现在的影响或产生 的结果
英语语法现在完成时的结构、用法、考法
英语语法现在完成时的结构、用法、考法一、现在完成时的基本结构肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、现在完成时的用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。
也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。
与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句/疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。
2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。
He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。
)此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。
谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go out----be outfinish----be overopen----be opendie----be deadbuy---havefall ill---be illcome back----be backcatch a cold----have a cold三、现在完成时常见考法对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。
在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查“瞬间动词”不能与表示一段时间的状语连用”这一知识点。
【典型例题】His father_____the party since 1978A.joindB.has joinedC.was inD.has been in答案：D解析：本题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握。
现在完成时
关于现在完成时,现行教材着重处理了“已完成用法”和“未完成用法”.无论哪种用法都强调一点,即过去动作给现在带来的结果或对现在造成的影响.因此现在完成时不是属于过去时,而是属于现在时的范畴.但在高考复习中,还应该注意一些相关的问题才能对此时态有一个全面的把握.
一、
It seems oil has been leaking from this pipe for some time We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right 看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障.
At last you e! I have been waiting for you for the whole morning你终于来了,整个上午我都在等你.
They went on working till supper time他们继续工作到晚餐时间.
They didn’t stop wording till supper time他们一直到晚餐时间才停止工作.
I will stay until you e我会等到你来.
I won’t leave until you e直到你来了,我才会离开.
“已完成用法”是针对瞬间动词（即非延续性动词）而言的,动词通常可以表示在说话之前已经完成,而后果或影响至今仍存在.这些瞬间动词常用的有：start,finish,turn
off / on,lose,bee,leave,open,close,join等.例如：
Li Ming has just turned off the light 李明刚把灯关上.
她当教师已有三年.——现在还是教师.）
现在完成时
对划线部分提问
1. I’ve already had dinner.
What have you already done?
2. He has just finished his homework.
What has he just done?
3. Mum’s cooked the dinner. .
He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已经)去上海了。
He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经) 去过上海。
He went to Shanghai last week. 上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海
He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海 [在他人生中曾经有过这样的 经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了] He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了 [也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许 还在路上,反正他人不在这里] He has been in Shanghai for 10 years. 他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 [现在还在上海没 有离开呢] He lived in Shanghai for 10 years. 以前他在上海住过10年 [现在不在上海了] 含 义 上 的 差 别 由 时 态 导 致 的 辨 析 这 些 句 子
时间状语：for＋一段时间；since＋过去点时间。
三，过去分词的构成
1.直接加-ed。如：play-played 2.以字母e结尾的直接加d 。如：namenamed 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed。如： carry-carried 4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母， 双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stopstopped
现在完成时讲解
现在完成时讲解LEKIBM standardization office【IBM5AB- LEKIBMK08- LEKIBM2C】现在完成时讲解一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二．句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五．现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:* 以already, just和yet为标志He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。
现在完成时态
基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。
要改变动词come-bego out-be outfinish-be overopen-be opendie-be dead………………1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have been out4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open6. have got up → have been up；7. have died → have been dead；8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have bee n asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；11. havemarried → have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…注意：1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6.现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
现在完成时态结构
last week and she _h_a_s_r_e_a_d_ (read) it already. 7. Mr. Smith _h_a_s_n_’_t__fi_n_i_sh_e_d_ (not finish) his work yet. 8. Miss Brown, we _h_a_v_e__f_in_i_s_h_e_d(finish) cleaning our
11. — Have you ever _b_e_e_n_t_o_(be) an amusement park?
— Yes, I have. I went to Fun Times Amusement Park last year.
5. Has Jack lost his key? (做肯定回答) ___Y_e__s___, he ___h__a_s___.
I have had breakfast.
我吃过早饭了.
I have ever visited Beijing before. 我曾经去过北京.
I have ever been to Boracay before.我曾经去过长滩岛.
Let's try.
go — went — gone
put — put — put
win — won — won
eat — ate — eaten
give — gave — given
lose — lost — lost
make — made — made write — wrote — written finish — finished — finished