管理会计10

The difference between the actual quantity and the standard quantity
A General Model for Variance Analysis
Actual Quantity × Actual Price Actual Quantity × Standard Price Standard Quantity × Standard Price
Materials quantity variance SP(AQ - SQ) Labor efficiency variance SP = Standard Price Variable overhead SQ = Standard Quantity efficiency variance
Significance of Cost Variances
• Size of variance
– Dollar amount – Percentage of standard
What clues help me to determine the variances that I should investigate?
• • • • •
Recurring variances Trends Controllability Favorable variances Costs and benefits of investigation
Advantages of Standard Costing
Sensible Cost Comparisons Management by Exception
Advantages
Performance Evaluation Employee Motivation
Operational Control Measures in Today’s Manufacturing Environment
Standard Costs
Based on carefully predetermined amounts.
Used for planning labor and material requirements. The expected level of performance. Benchmarks for measuring performance.
Exh. 10-8
Customer Perspective How do our customers see us?
Internal Operations Perspective In which activities must we excel?
Innovation and Learning Perspective How can we continually improve and create value?
Manufacturing Cycle = Efficiency
Process Time Manufacturing Cycle Time
The Balanced Scorecard
Financial Perspective How do we look to the firm’s owners?
Raw Material and Scrap Control Inventory Control Machine Performance Product Quality Production and Delivery Productivity Innovation and Learning
End of Chapter 10
Let’s set the standard a little higher.
Standard Direct Material
Direct Labor
Type of Product Cost
Variance Analysis Cycle
Identify questions. Receive explanations.
Take corrective actions.
Analyze variances. Prepare standard cost performance report.
Standard Costs are
Management by Exception
Managers focus on quantities and costs that exceed standards, a practice known as management by exception.
Amount
Conduct next period’s operations.
Begin
Cost Variance Analysis
Standard Cost Variances
Price Variance
Quantity Variance
The difference between the actual price and the standard price
Order Received
Production and Delivery Performance Measures
ProductionS tarted
Goods Shipped
Wait Time
Process Time + Inspection Time + Move Time + Waiting Time Manufacturing Cycle Time Delivery Cycle Time
Price Variance
Materials or rate variance AQ =Variable Actual overhead Quantity AP = spending Actual Price variance
Quantity Variance