英语基础知识梳理
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• 二）谓语由__实_义__动_词__/系__动_词__担任。助动词或情态动词加其 • 他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。
Action speaks louder than words. He is a teacher. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
大家好
1
词性的分类
词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十
个大类。
1 名词n. student 学生 2 代词pron. you 你 3 形容词adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词 adv. quickly 迅速地 5 动词 v. cut 砍、割 6 数词 num. three 三 7 冠词 art. a 一个 8 介词 prep. at 在... 9 连词 conj. and 和 10 感叹词interj. oh 哦
名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 动词或动词词组
同主语 同主语
We study in HuangQiao Middle School.
She is dancing under the tree.
Both of us like English. Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable.
定语 用来修饰名词或代词
形，代，数，名,
We have eight lessons every day.
副，介词短语或句子
状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等
副词，介词短语或句 子
He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.
6. an excited student
过去分词 v-ed
7. I have nothing to eat. to do 不定式
8. Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 从句
9. a swimming pool
动名词
1. They are woman workers. 名词 代词
2. His father didn't write home until yesterday.
3. Mary is a beautiful girl. 形容词 adj
4. The play has three acts. 数词
5. This is her first trip to Europe. 形容词 /序数词 /to do 不定式
4. The story of my life may be of help to others. 介词短语
5. Three times five is fifteen. 数词 6. His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式
7. My first idea was that you should hide your
8
六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、 目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
1. The best fish swim near the bottom. 地点状语 2. I left the village five years ago. 时间状语 3. I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语 4. We'll send a car to fetch you. 目的状语 5. The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving
6
三）表语 它的位置在
____系_动__词________之后。是用来说明主
语的__性_质____,__特_征___, __状_态____的.
1. My father is a professor. 名词 n
2. Who's that? It's me. 代词 pron
3. Everything here is expensive. 形容词 adj
2
句子成分
• 句子是阅读和写作的基础，句子成分是句 子的基本单位。
• 英语的句子成分有八种：
主语、谓语、表语、宾语、 定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。
3
句子成分详解表
源自文库
句子成分
意义
充当词类
例句
主语
谓语 宾语 表语
表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事
说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 表示动作行为的对象 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征
feelings.
8. She is out.
句子
9. My job is feed副i词ngaadnv.imals. 动名词
10. I feel excited.
分词
7
（五）定语 是修饰_名__词.单词作定语时通常 放在它所修饰的名词之__前___；短语和从句作 定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之__后___。
宾语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 补足语
形容词，名词，介词 She always keeps the house
短语等
clean.
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！
4
英语的句子成分：
• 一） 主语： Walls have ears. 名词 He will take you to the hospital. 代词 Three plus four equals seven. 数词 To see is to believe. to do不定式 Smoking is not allowed in public places.doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子
5
（三）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。 宾语一般放在__动_词_/_动_词_短_语___之后。__介_词__词后也 会跟宾语。
1. She covered her face with her hands. 名词 n 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. 代词 pron 3. Do you mind opening the window?动名词 4. Give me four please. 数词 5. He wants to dream a nice dream. to do不定式 6. We need know what others are doing. 句子
Action speaks louder than words. He is a teacher. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
大家好
1
词性的分类
词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十
个大类。
1 名词n. student 学生 2 代词pron. you 你 3 形容词adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词 adv. quickly 迅速地 5 动词 v. cut 砍、割 6 数词 num. three 三 7 冠词 art. a 一个 8 介词 prep. at 在... 9 连词 conj. and 和 10 感叹词interj. oh 哦
名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 动词或动词词组
同主语 同主语
We study in HuangQiao Middle School.
She is dancing under the tree.
Both of us like English. Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable.
定语 用来修饰名词或代词
形，代，数，名,
We have eight lessons every day.
副，介词短语或句子
状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等
副词，介词短语或句 子
He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.
6. an excited student
过去分词 v-ed
7. I have nothing to eat. to do 不定式
8. Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 从句
9. a swimming pool
动名词
1. They are woman workers. 名词 代词
2. His father didn't write home until yesterday.
3. Mary is a beautiful girl. 形容词 adj
4. The play has three acts. 数词
5. This is her first trip to Europe. 形容词 /序数词 /to do 不定式
4. The story of my life may be of help to others. 介词短语
5. Three times five is fifteen. 数词 6. His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式
7. My first idea was that you should hide your
8
六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、 目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
1. The best fish swim near the bottom. 地点状语 2. I left the village five years ago. 时间状语 3. I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语 4. We'll send a car to fetch you. 目的状语 5. The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving
6
三）表语 它的位置在
____系_动__词________之后。是用来说明主
语的__性_质____,__特_征___, __状_态____的.
1. My father is a professor. 名词 n
2. Who's that? It's me. 代词 pron
3. Everything here is expensive. 形容词 adj
2
句子成分
• 句子是阅读和写作的基础，句子成分是句 子的基本单位。
• 英语的句子成分有八种：
主语、谓语、表语、宾语、 定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。
3
句子成分详解表
源自文库
句子成分
意义
充当词类
例句
主语
谓语 宾语 表语
表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事
说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 表示动作行为的对象 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征
feelings.
8. She is out.
句子
9. My job is feed副i词ngaadnv.imals. 动名词
10. I feel excited.
分词
7
（五）定语 是修饰_名__词.单词作定语时通常 放在它所修饰的名词之__前___；短语和从句作 定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之__后___。
宾语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 补足语
形容词，名词，介词 She always keeps the house
短语等
clean.
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！
4
英语的句子成分：
• 一） 主语： Walls have ears. 名词 He will take you to the hospital. 代词 Three plus four equals seven. 数词 To see is to believe. to do不定式 Smoking is not allowed in public places.doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子
5
（三）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。 宾语一般放在__动_词_/_动_词_短_语___之后。__介_词__词后也 会跟宾语。
1. She covered her face with her hands. 名词 n 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. 代词 pron 3. Do you mind opening the window?动名词 4. Give me four please. 数词 5. He wants to dream a nice dream. to do不定式 6. We need know what others are doing. 句子