2011考研英语答案排序题
2011考研英语真题及答案
2011考研英语真题及答案Introduction:The 2011 Graduate Entrance Exam (GEE) in English, commonly known as the "考研英语", is an important and highly competitive examination in China that tests students' English language proficiency. This article will provide an overview of the 2011 GEE and present the actual exam questions and their corresponding answers.Section I:Part A: Reading Comprehension1. Passage 1Questions:1. According to the passage, what is the most significant reason for the lack of quality sleep among adolescents?Answer: Academic stress and irregular schedules.2. What is the main purpose of the passage?Answer: To discuss the impact of inadequate sleep on adolescent development.2. Passage 2Questions:1. What is the author's view on the role of money in achieving happiness?Answer: Money alone cannot guarantee happiness, but it is an important factor in improving the overall quality of life.2. According to the passage, what is the primary difference between the perspectives of the rich and the poor on the importance of money?Answer: The rich focus on the potential for obtaining more money, while the poor are more concerned with basic survival needs.Part B: Cloze TestQuestions:1. Answer: elimination2. Answer: pronounced3. Answer: imitate4. Answer: significance5. Answer: undergoingSection II:Translation and Writing1. TranslationTranslate the following paragraph from Chinese to English.原文：中国传统文化源远流长，有着丰富的内涵和智慧。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一答案
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题答案Section I1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADACSection IIPart A21-25 CBDBA 26-30 BDCAC 31-35 DCBAA 36-40 CDADBPart B41-45 BDACFPart C46. 艾伦的贡献在于研究了一个大家都认可的假设，即：因为我们不是机器人，所以我们能控制我们的思想，并且揭示了这一假设的错误本质。
47.尽管我们能够只通过有意识的思维来维持控制这种幻觉，但实际上我们不断面临这样一个问题：“为什么我自己不能够做到这件事情或者完成那件事情？”48. 这近乎是在为忽视那些需要帮助的人做辩护，以及对剥削现象、对那些处于顶层人的优越感以及底层人的自卑感所做出的一种合理解释。
49. 环境似乎是为了激发我们的最大潜能，而且如果我们感觉上天对我们不公平，那么我们不可能开始有意识地努力去摆脱我们当时的处境。
50. 好的一面是，我们了解既然万事都取决于我们，那么就有无限可能。
以前我们是好手，熟练地应付诸多限制；现在我们成为主宰，决定“什么将是可能”。
Section IIIPart ADear my friend,Recently I have watched an amazing film Avatar, and I couldn’t wait to recommend it to you.At first, I was attracted to the theater only because it is directed by James Cameron, whose another masterpiece Titanic is also my favorite. Then, when I sat down and began to enjoy the movie, I was deeply moved and touched by the story. It talks about humans’ greed for a special mineral in the Planet Pandora and the consequent, inevitable conflicts between man and the local Na’vi. Avatar is not just a love story between a human and a Na’vi princess, but also an educational film, from which we all learn that we must live in harmony with the nature. At last, I have to mention that the 3D technology applied in this film is so amazing and incredible. You shouldn’t miss it.Do not hesitate, and go to the theater for Avatar right now! I am sure you will love it, just as I do！Love,Li MingPart BAs is vividly depicted in the given drawing, there is a boat rowing in the center of a lake. Sitting aft and enjoying their sightseeing, a couple of youngsters were dumping rubbish into thelake, with abundant trash floating behind. How shocking!What the painter wants to convey in this picture can be elaborated in terms of environmental protection and social morality. As the national tourism gets thriving, numerous people throng to the scenic spots for weekends and holidays. However, while appreciating the natural beauty, most of the visitors tend to throw away wastes everywhere for their own convenience. Fishes are choked and suffocated by the plastic bags deserted to lakes or rivers, the charming scenery is destroyed by ubiquitous litter, and the fresh air is fouled by the rotting leftovers; as a consequence, the ecological balanced is inevitably greatly shaken and influenced.In my opinion, to serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must promote and popularize the sense of environmental protection, and regulate people’s behaviors in public. What should be done first is to make more people aware of the significance of environment protection. Otherwise, what we have enjoyed at those resorts today will be hardly seen years later. Moreover, relative laws and regulations are supposed to be set up and enforced so as to protect the fragile natural world and punish those who violate the law. Only in these ways can we fully appreciate the wonderful nature and keep it to our descendents.。
考研真题答案2011英语
考研真题答案2011英语考研英语真题答案2011年的版本可能包含多个部分，包括阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作等。
以下是一个模拟的考研英语真题答案的示例：考研英语真题答案（2011年）一、阅读理解Passage 11. A) 根据文章第一段，作者提到了......2. C) 第二段中提到了......3. B) 第三段中指出......4. D) 根据文章最后一段的描述......Passage 21. B) 第一段中，作者提到了......2. A) 第二段中，作者阐述了......3. D) 第三段中，作者提到了......4. C) 根据文章最后一段......Passage 31. D) 第一段中，作者描述了......2. B) 第二段中，作者提到了......3. A) 第三段中，作者指出......4. C) 根据文章最后一段的总结......Passage 41. C) 第一段中，作者提到了......2. D) 第二段中，作者讨论了......3. A) 第三段中，作者强调了......4. B) 根据文章最后一段......二、完形填空1. 根据上下文，选择......2. 根据文章的语境，选择......3. 根据逻辑关系，选择......4. 根据语法结构，选择......三、翻译1. 将中文句子翻译成英文，注意语法和词汇的正确性。
2. 翻译时要注意句子的流畅性和准确性。
3. 确保翻译符合原文的意思，不要偏离主题。
四、写作Task 1: 应用文写作根据题目要求，写一封推荐信。
信中需要包含以下要点：- 推荐人的身份和与被推荐人的关系- 被推荐人的个人品质和专业能力- 推荐人对被推荐人的评价和期望Task 2: 议论文写作题目：请就“网络对现代生活的影响”写一篇议论文。
- 引言：简要介绍网络在现代生活中的重要性- 正文：- 网络带来的便利性- 网络对教育和工作的影响- 网络可能带来的问题，如隐私泄露和网络安全- 结论：总结网络的利弊，并提出个人看法请注意，以上内容仅为示例，实际的考研英语真题答案需要根据当年考试的具体题目来编写。
2011考研英语真题及答案解析--免费
2011考研英语真题及答案解析--免费2011 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一) 免费Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotl e viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart A[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the autho r feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done wh ere a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spur red by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Cons umers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the c ompany’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of int ense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that m any people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing p arenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing toour own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Mena nd, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in so me fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner c haracter and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you d on’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, thenhumanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unl ikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain it’s intended meaning, and3)give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)旅程之“余”2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1.C解析：语义逻辑题。
2011年考研英语(一)答案(完整版
2011年考研英语(一)真题参考答案1-5，ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC41-45 BDCAE翻译：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。
48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。
49、环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。
50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决与我们自己，之前我们对着一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。
51. Directions: Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendation.You should write abou t 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the l etter. Use”Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)小作文范文：Dear friends:Recently a lot of new movies, you concern? I recently saw a movie is especial ly suitable for you.Its name is "If You Are The One".First of all it has very powerfu l cast. Storyline is very tight.Characters' language is classic and thought-provoking. But, I most like it because it's morals. Dear friends, do you to love the understandi ng of what? Love is romantic, is costly, is simple, or plain? I think in this movie c an be reflected. Perhaps now we still can't clear love, but love is already brimming with our lives, is a part of life.I want to watch the movie, we can understand a lo t. Dear friends, do you also see this movie, remember to write and tell me how yo u feel. Miss you!52、DirectionWrite an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing .I n your essay ,you should 1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended mea sing and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20po ints)大作文范文：Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man's present efforts can not pre vent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more indu stry, more cars, larger cities and the growing use of man-made materials.What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man -- by his desire for a modern way of life. We make "increasing industrializ ation" our chief aim.So we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure wate r, good food, our health and the future of our children.There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modern so ciety. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem.Isn't it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going-- and why? It m akes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker,"I've some good news and some bad news. The good news is that w e're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. Thebad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going. " The sad fact is that this becomes a true stor y when speaking of our modern society.In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more c oncrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environ mental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intention ally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environ ment means destroying mankind themselves。
2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解
2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5CDBBA6-10BADCA11-15BCDCB16-20DADAC1.C解析：语义逻辑题。
第一句含义是“古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼”，第二句意思是“但是一些人提出相反的意见，轻笑可能对身体健康影响极小”，两句之间是转折关系，A、B、C、D四个选项中只有C选项表转折“尽管”，故是正确选项。
2.D解析：语义辨析题。
上下文语境是“笑确实能短期的改变”。
A.reflect“反映”，B. demand“要求”，C.indicate“表明，暗示”，D.produce“产生”，只有D选项符合语境，所以是正确答案。
3.B解析：语义搭配题。
文中提到“笑能够心律呼吸速率。
”A.stabilizing意思是“安定稳定”，B.boosting“促进，推进”，C.impairing“损害，削弱”，D.determining“决定”，根据语境应该是“笑能够促进心律呼吸速率”，B为正确答案。
4.B解析：语义辨析题。
这句话意思是“但是因为大笑很难，一次狂笑不可能……”，四个选项的含义分别是 A.transmit“传播”，B.sustain“维持”，C.evaluate“评估”，D.observe“观察”，根据语境，只有B.sustain符合语境。
5.A解析：语义辨析题。
这句话意思是“一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生益处。
”A.measurable“重大的，重要的”，B.manageable“易控制的”，C. affordable“负担得起的”，D.renewable“可再生的”，四个选项中能和“益处”搭配的只有A.解析：逻辑分析题。
第二段第一句是说“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确是起到了……作用”，对上文有承接还有转折的关系，A.In turn意思是“轮流”，C.In additio 是“另外”，D.In brief意思是“简而言之”，都不符合语境，只有B.In fact“事实上”符合上下文语境，是正确选项。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题以及答案
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark [A]，[B]，[C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health. But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitnessLaughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laughis unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparentlyaccomplishes the __7__. Studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles,decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve anindividual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partiallyrooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans donot cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of theUniversity of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with theirteeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a（n）__17___expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles __18___ more enthusiastically to funnycartoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressionsmay influence emotions rather than just the other way around. __20__ , the physical act oflaughter could improve mood.1. [A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2. [A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3. [A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4. [A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5. [A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6. [A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7. [A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8. [A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9. [A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10. [A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11. [A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12. [A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13. [A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14. [A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15. [A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16. [A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17. [A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18. [A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19. [A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20. [A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II: Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music directorhas been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray!At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert iss appointment in the comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicianslike Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To besure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for meto visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to dois to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music fromiTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, c lassical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies,and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher inartistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is nots own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, ayet available on record. Gilbert’classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into“a markedly different,more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference?Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonicare to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and thenew audience it hopes to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has ________.[A] incurred criticism [B] raised suspicion[C] received acclaim [D] aroused curiosity22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is ________.[A]influential [B]modest [C]respectable [D]talented23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers ________.[A] ignore the expenses of live performances[B] reject most kinds of recorded performances[C] exaggerate the variety of live performances[D] overestimate the value of live performances24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B] They are easily accessible to the general public.[C] They help improve the quality of music.[D] They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels ________.[A]doubtful [B]enthusiastic [C]confident [D]puzzledText 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanationwas surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he cameright out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for theambition was “very much my decisionfirst time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO andchairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind ofcompany he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations.And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quitwith the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plansd also may wish to move on.in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the noA turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vaguepronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to makethe jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago asnervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economypicks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For yearsexecutives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates aret think of athe ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can’single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. EllenMarram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a yearbefore she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad leftCitigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financialinstitution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis hassmade it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad on e. “The traditional rule was it’nverted,” says one headhunter. “The safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally ipeople who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.” 26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being ________.[A] arrogant [B] frank [C] self-centered [D] impulsivequitting may be spurred by ________.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’[A] their expectation of better financial status[B] their need to reflect on their private life[C] their strained relations with the boards[D] their pursuit of new career goals(Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means ________.28. The word “poached” [A] approved of [B] attended to. [C] hunted for [D] guarded against29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.[A] top performers used to cling to their posts[B] loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated[C] top performers care more about reputations[D] it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A] CEOs: Where to Go? [B] CEOs: All the Way Up?[C] Top Managers Jump without a Net [D] The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer.media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – stillWhile traditional “paid” play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends, and amedia by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales tocompany may leverage “owned” customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the process of makingimpact stems from a broad range of factors beyondpurchase decisions means that marketing’sconventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earnedresponses. But in some cases, one marketer’s media, such marketers act as the initiator for users’owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailersells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is sostrong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travelproviders such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information aboutmarketi ng, and may help expand user traffic for all companies the appeal of other companies’ concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.________.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products32. According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature ________.[A] a safe business environment [B] random competition[C] strong user traffic [D] flexibility in organization33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media ________.[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition[D] deserve all the negative comments about them34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of ________.[A] responding effectively to hijacked media[B] persuading customers into boycotting products[C] cooperating with supportive consumers[D] taking advantage of hijacked media35. Which of the following is the text mainly about?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4, provocative magazine cover story, “I love It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightfulMy Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like thesuggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enrichingexperience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Seniorsuggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can bemeasured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writesthat “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intensegratification and delight.” The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the onlyMadonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on thenewsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting youregret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? It doesn’t seem quitefair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the childless. Unhappy parents rarely, but unhappy childless folks are botheredare provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kidswith the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously theirmisery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and Peoplepresent is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, singleparents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kidwithout a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help）is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reeseand Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancingit’sparenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions withthe actual experience, in the same way that a s mall part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring ________.[A]temporary delight [B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect [D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that ________.[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining[D]having children is highly valued by the public38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks ________.[A]are constantly exposed to criticism[B]are largely ignored by the media[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is ________.[A]soothing [B]ambiguous [C]compensatory [D]misleading40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections: The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities.You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four.But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on.These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on, Mr Menand notes, “the great books what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard-they form a sort of social glue.are read because they have been read”[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they enteredgraduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained. [D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across theinsistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties.Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking ona professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities haveprofessionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speededthe process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but facultyteaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisitionof a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 athird of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation,argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization areSo disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the transmissible but not transferable.”production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which“the producers of knowledge are produced.”O therwise, academics will continue to thinkdangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate andcriticize. “Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionaryYet quite how that happens, Mr Menand does not say.and more holistic.”[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in theAmerican University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoraldegree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening inAmerican Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University,captured it skillfully.G → 41.________→42. ________→ E →43. ________→44. ________→45. ________Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Wi th its theme that “Mind i s the master weaver,” c reating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of thecentral idea of self-help writing.（46）Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are notrobots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of usbelieve that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and （47）while we may beable to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we arecontinually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?” Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire,Achievement happensAllen concluded: “We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” because you as a person embody the external achievement;you don’t “get” success but become it.There is no gap between mind and matter., Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person they reveal him.”（48）This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those atthe bottom.This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fact, （49）circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.early life and its conditions are often the Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’sgreatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. （50）The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendation.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not writer the address.（10 points）Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1-5: C-D-B-B-A6-10: B-A-D-C-A11-15: B-C-D-C-B16-20: D-A-D-A-CSection II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21-25: C-B-D-B-A26-30: B-D-C-A-C31-35: D-C-B-A-A36-40: C-D-A-D-BPart B (10 points)41-45: B-D-A-C-FPart C (10 points)46.艾伦的贡献在于,他探讨了一个公认的假设“因为我们不是机器人，所以我们能够控制自己的想法”，并揭示了其错误的本质。
2011考研英语二真题答案
2011考研英语二真题答案2011年考研英语二真题答案Part A Text 1答案：1. D) encourage more students to study abroad.2. A) New regulations issued by the central government.3. B) reasons for studying abroad have changed.4. C) There is no specific date.5. D) they need to have a more up-to-date understanding of the world. Part A Text 2答案：6. A) Their IQ scores may underestimate their true intelligence.7. C) They found no significant correlation between smoking and IQ.8. B) Smoking is a sign of being socially ostracized.9. D) Those with lower IQ scores are more likely to smoke.10. C) Some researchers have an inherent bias against smokers.Part BSection 1答案：11. A) The author is reluctant to join the woman's organization.12. B) The woman enjoys going to parties.13. A) Taking a part-time job on campus.14. A) Fine Arts students.15. C) They are free to choose the length of their summer vacation. Section 2答案：16. C) Visit online forums.17. B) Enroll in a course.18. D) To learn how to talk to artistically-minded people.19. A) It helps him enhance his capacity.20. D) They have married and have jobs.Section 3答案：21. B) Creativity is not only a natural gift but also a skill.22. C) Relying too much on left-brain thinking.23. D) Come up with creative ideas.24. A) They limit their own creativity.25. B) It restrains their creativity.Section 4答案：26. B) Encourage patients to make their own medical decisions.27. C) Physicians and patients share the decision making.28. D) Doctors know more about medicine, while patients know more about themselves.29. B) Involving family members in the decision-making process.30. A) It may lead to divergent views.。
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出处：主题：Professionalising the professor副标题：The difficulties of an American doctoral student所在杂志：University education in AmericaFeb 25th 2010（水平有限，翻译不当处请谅解）THIS subtle and intelligent little book should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctorate. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captures it deftly.每一个想申请获得博士学位的学生都应该读一读这本构思巧妙、充满智慧的小册子。
然后，他们可能会决定去其他国家攻读博士。
因为美国大学正悄悄发生着一些不寻常的事情，而这些，被哈佛大学英语教授路易斯·莫南德敏锐地捕捉到了。
His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on wha t a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “The great books are read because they have been read”—they form a sort of social glue.他担忧的主要是人文方面的，如文学、语言、哲学等等学科。
这些学科正走向没落：如今22%的美国大学毕业生主修的是商业，相比之下，只有2%的主修历史，4%的主修英语。
然而，许多美国一流大学希望能教给他们的本科生一些基本的做人原则，同时也是每个受过教育的人应该具备的基本做人原则。
但“通识教育”应该是什么样子的，大多数人很难达成一致意见。
在哈佛，莫南德先生指出，“之所以让学生读这些伟大的著作，是因為我们以前一直就这么做"--這些書似乎成为了一种圈内共识。
One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.人文课程之所以难以设计和教授，是因为这些课程违背了（忽视了？）美国顶尖大学的一贯原则，那就是：文科教育和职业教育应该彼此分离，由不同的学院负责授课。
许多学生两种教育都接受过。
尽管有超过半数的哈佛本科生最终主修法律、医学或者商业，然而这些未来的医生和律师在开始专业资格学习之前必须先学习一门非专业的文科学位课程。
Besides professionalising the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctorate into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialisation are transmissible but not transferable.” So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.除了这种细分专业的专业化，美国顶尖大学还对教授也实行了专业化。
对学术研究公共资金投入的增长，加快了这一进程：联邦政府的研究拨款在1960至1990年间增长了4倍，但是教授们授课的课时却因花太多时间在研究上而减少一半。
专业化已经使得获得博士学位成为了学术生涯成功的先决条件——直到1969年，三分之一的美国教授仍然没有博士学位。
但是专业化背后的关键理念，莫南德先生认为，是“具体专业化所需知识和技能可以传授，但不可转让。
”因此，不仅通过创造知识可以形成学科垄断，而且通过培养知识分子同样也可以形成学科垄断。
No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the median time—median!—to a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. (Advertising note to American students: you can get a perfectly good PhD at a top British university in under four years.) Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.没有哪门专业化学科像人文学科这样，需要倾注如此多的热情。
莫南德先生指出，你成为一名律师需要三年时间，成为一名医生需要四年。
但是，在人文学科领域获得博士学位的平均时间——平均!——为九年。
(打个广告提醒美国学生：你在英国顶尖大学获得一个完美的哲学博士学位不会超过四年。
) 高达一半的英语博士生在获得学位之前辍学就毫不奇怪了。
Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with the jobs they entered graduate school to get: tenured professorships. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to churn out ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.因此最终只有约一半的人能进入研究生院，获得终身教授的工作同样也就不奇怪了。
职位实在是太少了。
部分原因是由于大学总是不断的粗制滥造出更多的哲学博士。