汉译英 成语的翻译
汉译英中习语的翻译.

I .The translation of idioms (成语/习语的翻译)
— Phrases
II .The translation of idioms —— Sentence Patterns
1. 毫无疑问,毋庸置疑
•Without doubt/question, ... •There is no doubt that … •It is out of question that…
to you for… • I appreciate one’s doing…
Ⅲ. the way to translate idioms
1.用英语演讲对一个英文 教授来说易如反掌。
Chinese meaning: ____很__容__易____
• It’s very easy for sb. to do…
Translate the sentences on your sheet.
• First,write down the Chinese meaning of each underlined idioms.
• Then, translate the whole sentence.
1. 集邮集币其乐无穷。(collect)
2. 由于粗心大意,汤姆错过了这个机会。 (miss)(98高考)
3. 依我看,要做这个实验简直是天方夜 谭。 (it)
4. 科学家们投身工作时常常废寝忘食。 (devote)
5. 他在异国他乡 孤身只影 /孤家寡人 ,举目无亲。
• He was alone in the foreign country (far from his home), and no relative was near (him) .
(完整版)汉语成语英译

(kill the goose that lays the golden eggs)
一易如反 ——as easy as turning over one’s hand
(as easy as falling off a log.)
口蜜腹剑——honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted
大张旗鼓——a large and spectacular scale (直译:make a great array of flags and drums)
风雨飘摇——being unstable
(直译:The wind and rain are rocking.)
心不在焉——be absence of mind 事与愿违——all your swans are geese 不知所措——all at sea 入乡随俗——When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
“瓮中之鳖”译作like a rat in a hole,而不译作the turtle in the jar。
More examples:
胆小如鼠——as timid as a rabbit 挥金如土——spend money like water 东张西望——look right and left 缘木求鱼——seek a hare in hen’s nest 抛砖引玉——to throw a sprat to catch a
herring
(3)汉语成语与英语有相似的形象,但文化信息和内 涵不同。
由于文化习俗的差异,翻译时译者要注意成语中的 动物词汇,其意义是不同的。例如,在中国,人们往 往认为狗是令人厌恶的,因此,大多数与狗有关的成 语包含贬义。但在西方国家,狗被认为是人类的好 朋友,因此一些相关的成语也就带有褒义。翻译这 类成语时译者就要充分考虑文化的差异。比如:
英汉翻译四字成语

英汉翻译四字成语饱经风霜bǎojīngfēngshuāng【表述】饭:充份;经:经历;风霜:比喻艰难困苦。
形容经历过长期的艰难困苦的生活和斗争。
【出处】清·孔尚任《桃花扇》第二十一出:“鸡皮瘦损,看饱经雪霜,丝鬓如银。
”【结构】动宾式。
【用法】用于经验极其丰富;有时也可用拟人化手法指物。
一般作谓语、定语。
【正音】经;无法读成“jīn”。
【辨形】经;不能写作“径”。
【近义词】饱经世故、曾经沧海【反义词】一帆风顺、养尊处优【辨析】~和“饱经沧桑”;都所含“学识浅”的意思。
但“饱经沧桑”偏重于特别强调经历许多变化的意思;“~”偏重于特别强调经历过长期艰难困苦生活的磨练的意思。
【例句】(1)这位~的老人深深地假戏真做着自己的祖国。
(2)王大爷在旧社会~;十分热爱新社会的幸福生活。
【英译】endureallthehardshipsofexposure1.祸起萧墙:祸乱发生在家里,比喻内部发生祸乱。
2.积重难返:指长期构成的不当风俗、习惯难于发生改变3.集腋成裘:狐狸腋下的皮虽然很少,但是涌入出来就能够花缎一件皮袍。
比喻积少成多。
4.计日程功:可以数着日子计算进度,形容数着日子算进度,形容在较短期间就可以成功。
5.济济一堂:形容许多有才能的人聚在一起。
6.间不容发:中间容不下一根头发,比喻与灾祸距离极近,情势极其危难。
7.见仁见智:对同一问题,各人从相同角度抱持相同的观点。
8.见贤思齐:见到好的,优秀的,就向其学习,向其看齐。
9.矫揉造作:形容过分做作,极不自然。
10.矫枉过正:制止偏差搞得过了头11.金科玉律:比喻不能变更的信条或法律条文。
12.噤若寒蝉:形容不敢并作声。
13.敬谢不敏:谢,推辞;不敏,无能。
表示推辞做某事的婉辞。
弄错用作婉拒别人的建议14.久假不归:长期筹钱回去,不交还。
15.开卷有益:读书就存有斩获。
开卷,打开书本,借指读书。
16.恪遵功令:严谨地遵守条令制度。
17.空穴来风:存有了洞穴才存有风进去,比喻消息和传说不是全然没原因的。
汉译英_成语的翻译 2

二、 将四字词组译成短语,如介词短语、
副词短语、不定式短语
这种方法往往是套用英语中最简单的词
组或句型。
某位领导的讲话要求外交人员“立场坚
定、目光远大、头脑敏捷、业务熟练、 才华出众、风格高尚”, “A Chinese diplomat should be firm in stand, broad in vision, swift in wit, qualified in profession, outstanding in talent, noble in character.”
三、套用英语中意思相同及功能对等 的习语
四字词组中有很大一部分是固定词组,即成语。成语
往往带有浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩。翻译时除了要 忠实地表达原文意义之外,还要尽可能保持原文成语 的形象比喻,丰富联想,修辞效果以及其民族、地方 特点等。有的成语和英语中的习语在内容和形式上都 相符合,双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩,并且有 相同或大体相同的形象比喻。汉译英时,如果遇到这 种情况,不妨直截了当地套用英语同义习语。这样的 译文可能会增色不少,基本能实现四字词组的美学价 值转移。
谚语俗语
亡羊补牢
Mend the fold after the sheep is stolen. 外来语 一尘不染 Free of dust 心花怒放
Be wild with joy\be elated
新生成语
分秒必争
Seize every minute and second Race against time 百花齐放
香港人、爱护香港人的旭日辉映下,满怀信心,升锚 启航,向着振兴中华,祖国统一的宏伟目标乘风奋进。 We are embarking on a new era. With the respect and trust from the entire nation, we will be much more equipped to sail forward with confidence and with conviction.We will play a part in facilitating the reunification of the entire nation, and bringing a better life to all in the nation.
汉译英 习语翻译

Features of Idioms
5、习语常利用声音的和谐来达到易懂易记、顺口入耳、生动有力的目的。 习语常利用声音的和谐来达到易懂易记、顺口入耳、生动有力的目的。 利用韵脚:狗咬吕洞宾,不识好人心;一招鲜,吃遍天;良药苦口利于病,忠言逆 利用韵脚 耳利于行; A friend in need is a friend indeed. East or west, home is best. Man proposes, God disposes. Health is better than wealth. Beggars should not be choosers. fair and square; high and dry; wear and tear. 利用双声: 利用双声:八面玲珑,聪明伶俐,慷慨激昂,明媚灿烂 Alliteration: as blind as a bat, as busy as a bee, as clear as crystal, as dead as a doornail, as cool as a cucumber, as red as a rose, as proud as a peacock, at sixes and sevens, spick and span, then and there through thick and thin tit for tat neither fish, flesh or fowl Care killed the cat. Money makes the mare to go. Many men, many minds. Speech is silver (silvern), silence is golden.
一年之计在于春 一箭双雕 趁热打铁 一个巴掌拍不响
汉语成语英译

文是一项既有挑战性又有趣味性的任务。
在这里,我将为您介绍一些常用的汉语成语,并提供它们的英文翻译及相应的解释。
### 1. 亡羊补牢,犹未为晚。
- **英文翻译:** It's never too late to mend the fold after the sheep are lost.- **解释:** 意指在问题发生后采取措施,即便为时已晚,也要努力弥补错误。
### 2. 卧薪尝胆- **英文翻译:** Sleep on sticks and taste gall.- **解释:** 指为了达到目的,付出艰苦努力,经历各种磨难。
### 3. 画蛇添足- **英文翻译:** Draw a snake and add feet to it.- **解释:** 形容多此一举,做了不必要的事情。
### 4. 杯弓蛇影- **英文翻译:** A bow's shadow looks like a snake.- **解释:** 形容因过于紧张或过于敏感而产生的杞人忧天的心理。
### 5. 班门弄斧- **英文翻译:** Showing an axe before Lu Ban's door.- **解释:** 形容对行家炫耀本领,有点画蛇添足的意味。
### 6. 龙飞凤舞- **英文翻译:** Dragons soaring and phoenixes dancing.- **解释:** 形容文采华美,书法优美,也用来形容喜庆繁荣的景象。
### 7. 杀鸡取卵- **英文翻译:** Killing the chicken to get the eggs.- **解释:** 形容因贪小失大的行为而导致损失。
### 8. 千里之堤,溃于蚁穴- **英文翻译:** A thousand-li dike collapses because of an ant hole.- **解释:** 比喻大事败于微小的缺点、漏洞。
100个成语的汉语翻译(中英文)

100个成语的汉语翻译(中英文)1.爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog.2.百闻不如一见Seeing is believing.3.比上不足比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.4.笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start.5.不眠之夜 white night6.不以物喜不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personal losses7.不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one's best8.不打不成交No discord, no concord.9.拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul10.辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all12.大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener13.国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little15.功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits.16.好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more17.好事不出门恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.18.和气生财Harmony brings wealth.19.活到老学到老One is never too old to learn.20.既往不咎let bygones be bygones21.金无足赤人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.22.金玉满堂Treasures fill the home.23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth24.脚踩两只船sit on the fence25.君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green26.老生常谈陈词滥调cut and dried, cliché27.礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity.28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧Where there is life, there is hope.29.马到成功achieve immediate victory; win instant success30.名利双收gain in both fame and wealth31.茅塞顿开be suddenly enlightened32.没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards.33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away. It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.34.谋事在人成事在天The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.35.弄巧成拙be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself36.拿手好戏 masterpiece37.赔了夫人又折兵throw good money after bad38.抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale39.破釜沉舟cut off all means of retreat;burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end40.抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities41.巧妇难为无米之炊 If you have no hand you can't make a fist. One can't make bricks without straw.42.千里之行始于足下 a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step43.前事不忘后事之师 Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future.44.前人栽树后人乘凉One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests. One sows and another reaps.45.前怕狼后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something46.强龙难压地头蛇Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.47.强强联手 win-win co-operation48.瑞雪兆丰年A timely snow promises a good harvest.49.人之初性本善Man's nature at birth is good.50.人逢喜事精神爽Joy puts heart into a man.51.人海战术 huge-crowd strategy52.世上无难事只要肯攀登Where there is a will, there is a way.53.世外桃源a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;54.死而后已until my heart stops beating55.岁岁平安Peace all year round.56.上有天堂下有苏杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth.57.塞翁失马焉知非福Misfortune may be an actual blessing.58.三十而立A man should be independent at the age of thirty. At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.59.升级换代updating and upgrading (of products)60.四十不惑Life begins at forty.61.谁言寸草心报得三春晖 Such kindness of warm sun, can't be repaid by grass.62.水涨船高When the river rises, the boat floats high.63.时不我待Time and tide wait for no man.64.杀鸡用牛刀break a butterfly on the wheel65.实事求是seek truth from facts; be practical and realistic; be true to facts66.说曹操,曹操到Talk of the devil and he comes.67.实话实说speak the plain truth; call a spade a spade; tell it as it is68.实践是检验真理的唯一标准Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.69.山不在高,有仙则名"No matter how high the mountain is, its name will spread far and wide if there is a fairy; "70.韬光养晦hide one's capacities and bide one's time71.糖衣炮弹sugar-coated bullets72.天有不测风云Anything unexpected may happen. a bolt from the blue73.团结就是力量Unity is strength.74.“跳进黄河洗不清”"eve if one jumped into the Yellow River, one can not wash oneself clean--there's nothing one can do to clear one's name "75.歪风邪气unhealthy practices and evil phenomena76.物以类聚,人以群分Birds of a feather flock together.77.往事如风"The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is past."78.望子成龙hold high hopes for one's child79.屋漏又逢连阴雨Misfortunes never come singly. When it rains it pours.80.文韬武略military expertise; military strategy81.唯利是图draw water to one's mill82.无源之水,无本之木water without a source, and a tree without roots83.无中生有make create something out of nothing84.无风不起浪There are no waves without wind. There's no smoke without fire.85.徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends86.新官上任三把火a new broom sweeps clean87.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.88.蓄势而发accumulate strength for a take-off89.心想事成May all your wish come true90.心照不宣have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding91.先入为主First impressions are firmly entrenched.92.先下手为强catch the ball before the bound93.像热锅上的蚂蚁like an ant on a hot pan94.现身说法warn people by taking oneself as an example95.息事宁人pour oil on troubled waters96.喜忧参半mingled hope and fear97.循序渐进step by step98.一路平安,一路顺风speed somebody on their way; speed the parting guest99.严以律己,宽以待人be strict with oneself and lenient towards others100.鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey101.有情人终成眷属"Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well."102.有钱能使鬼推磨Money makes the mare go. Money talks.103.有识之士people of vision104.有勇无谋use brawn rather than brain105.有缘千里来相会Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination.106.与时俱进advance with times107.以人为本people oriented; people foremost108.因材施教teach students according to their aptitude109.欲穷千里目,更上一层楼"to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight."110.欲速则不达Haste does not bring success.111.优胜劣汰survival of the fittest112.英雄所见略同Great minds think alike.113.冤家宜解不宜结Better make friends than make enemies.114.冤假错案"cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases"115.一言既出,驷马难追A real man never goes back on his words.116.招财进宝Money and treasures will be plentiful117.债台高筑become debt-ridden118.致命要害Achilles' heel119.众矢之的target of public criticism120.知己知彼,百战不殆Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.121.纸上谈兵be an armchair strategist122.纸包不住火Truth will come to light sooner or later.123.左右为难between the devil and the deep blue sea; between the rock and the hard place124.不要错上加错don’t make things worse than they already are。
成语翻译(英汉互译)

繁荣昌盛thriving and prosperous爱不释手fondle admiringly爱财如命skin a flea for its hide爱屋及乌love me,love my dog He that loves the tree loves the branch 安居乐业live and work in peace and contentment白手起家build up from nothing百里挑一one in hundred百折不挠be indomitable半途而废give up halfway leave sth. Unfinished包罗万象all-embracing all-inclusive饱经风霜weather-beaten卑躬屈膝bow and scrape cringe悲欢离合vicissitudes of life背道而驰run counter to run in the opposite direction本末倒置put the cart before the horse笨鸟先飞the slow need to start early必由之路the only way闭关自守close the country to international intercourse变本加厉be further intensified变化无常chop and change fantasticality变化无常chop and change fantasticality别开生面having sth. New别有用心have ulterior motives彬彬有礼refined and courteous urbane兵不厌诈in war nothing is too deceitful博古通今erudite and informed不败之地incincible position不耻下问feel not ashamed to learn from one's subordinates不可救药be past praying for beyond redemption不劳而获reap where one has not sown不屈不挠fortitude indefatigability perseverance persevere tenacity不速之客crasher uninvited guest不同凡响outstanding不言而喻speak for itself tell its own story tell its own tale went without saying不遗余力spare no effort spare no pains不以为然not approve object to不义之财filthy lucre filthy pelf the mammon of unrighteousness不亦乐乎extremely不远千里go to the trouble of travelling a long distance不约而同happen to coincide不择手段by any kind of means by hook or crook play hard by fair means or foul不知所措be at a loss be all adrift lose one's head out of one's wits才疏学浅have little talent and learning惨绝人寰extremely cruel沧海桑田time brings a great change to the worlds沧海一粟/九牛一毛a drop in the bucket草木皆兵a state of extreme nervousness层出不穷emerge in endlessly层峦迭嶂peaks over peaks察言观色carefully watch what sb. is doing and saying姹紫嫣红very beautiful flowers畅行无阻checkless车水马龙heavy traffic沉默寡言taciturnity称心如意well-content趁热打铁strike while iron is hot Hold a wolf the iron is hot成群结队gang horde诚惶诚恐with reverence and awe诚心诚意sincere desire承上启下a connecting link between the preceding and the following 吃苦耐劳tough吃里扒外live on sb. while helping others secretly痴心妄想胡思乱想wishful thinking持之以恒preserve叱咤风云ride the whirlwind愁眉苦脸pull a long face snoot愁眉苦脸的,愁眉苦脸地woebegone morosely臭名远扬,臭名昭著flagrancy,notorious出乎意料unexpected出口成章have an outstanding eloquence出类拔萃,鹤立鸡群fill the bill supereminence出谋划策give counsel suggest出奇制胜defeat sb. by a surprise action出生入死go through fire and water触类旁通comprehend by analogy垂头丧气,无精打采down in the mouth lose one's spirits with the tail between the legs垂头丧气的blue about the gills crestfallen downhearted绰绰有余more than sufficient此起彼伏as one falls,another rises从容不迫go easy take one's time从容不迫的leisured unhurried从容不迫地by easy stages粗枝大叶careless slapdash sloppy粗枝大叶的broad-brush措手不及unaware unprepared错综复杂扑朔迷离anfractuosity错综复杂的anfractuous daedal reticula sinuous打草惊蛇act rashly and about: the enemy大材小用waste one's talent on a petty job大公无私selfless大海捞针look for a needle in a bottle of hay大惑不解be extremely puzzled大惊小怪a storm in a teacup foofaraw fuss like a hen with one chicken 大惊小怪的spoffish大快人心affording general satisfaction大名鼎鼎famous well known大器晚成great minds mature slowly大千世界the boundless universe大失所望greatly disappointed大同小异largely identical but with minor differences大显身手大显神通strut one's stuff大言不惭夸夸其谈fanfaronade rodomontade大义凛然inspiring awe by upholding justice大义灭亲place righteousness above family loyalty大智若愚Still waters run deep. An empty vessel makes the most sound Still water runs deep呆若木鸡dumbstruck transfixed待人接物the ways one gets along with others殚思极虑rack one's brains胆小如鼠cannot say boh to a goose胆战心惊的funky淡泊明志not seek fame and wealth道貌岸然be sanctimonious得过且过drift along muddle along得天独厚的advantaged得心应手handy with facility得意忘形得意洋洋bloat get dizzy with success得意洋洋elated elation exaltation jauntiness得意扬扬ride high得意洋洋的cock-a-hoop high-blown perky得意扬扬的triumphant德才兼备have both ability and moral integrity德高望重sainted saintlike登峰造极reach the limit reach the peak of perfection地大物博vast territory and abundant resources颠倒黑白颠倒是非混淆是非call white black swear black is white 颠三倒四confused disorderly雕虫小技insignificant skill调兵遣将move forces调虎离山lure the enemy away from his base掉以轻心treat sth. Lightly喋喋不休blat cackle chackle harp harp on jaw-jaw rattle twitter wag 顶天立地of indomitable spirit东施效颦blind imitation with ludicrous effection东山再起bob up like a cork独具匠心show originality独树一帜develop a school of one's own独一无二in a class by oneself独一无二的unique unmatched unparalleled度日如年one day seems like a year断章取义garble quote out of context对牛弹琴whistle jigs to a milestone Cast pearls before swine对症下药suit the remedy to the case多才多艺versatility多才多艺的accomplished all-round allround miscellaneous versatile 多愁善感sensitivity sentimentality多愁善感的moonstruck spoony多此一举bring owls to Athens hold a candle to the sun多多益善the more the better咄咄逼人aggressive脱胎换骨thoroughly remould oneself阿谀奉承趋炎附势greasiness恩将仇报以怨报德忘恩负义bite the hand that feeds one尔虞我诈each trying to cheat the other发人深省的thought-provoking发人深省set people thinking发扬光大carry forward翻山越岭tramp over hill and dale翻天覆地world-shaking泛滥成灾overrun飞黄腾达青云直上come into one's kingdom rise in the world strike oil 飞黄腾达的successful飞禽走兽birds and beasts废寝忘食forget food and sleep分道扬镳part company,each going his own way分化瓦解disintegrate divide and demoralize分门别类classify纷至沓来come in a continuous stream纷至沓来的thick as hail奋不顾身dash ahead regardless of one's safety愤愤不平be indignant愤世嫉俗的cynical丰富多彩rich and colorful丰功伟绩great achievement丰衣足食have ample food and clothing风花雪月sentimental writings of the exploiting classes风马牛不相及be totally unrelated风靡一时be the rage风平浪静calm风起云涌like a rising wind and scudding clouds风雨同舟stand together regardless of situation风雨无阻in all weathers锋芒毕露make a showy display of one's abilities蜂涌而来pour逢场作戏join in the fun on occasion逢凶化吉trun ill luck into good奉公守法law-abiding敷衍了事make short shrift of palter scuffle釜底抽薪take a drastic measure to deal with a situation赴汤蹈火出生入死go through fire and water富丽堂皇magnificence覆水难收spilt water cannot be gathered up again It is no use crying over spilt milk。
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Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。 Constant dropping wears the stone. 水滴石穿。 Actions speak louder than words.
事实胜于雄辩。
成语翻译要注意的事项
汉语成语的语言特色,即形象鲜明、常用典故、
音韵和谐,翻译时应尽可能地保留这些特色。 然而由于汉英两种语言和文化的巨大差异,汉 语成语的这些特色很难全部在译文中得以再现, 此时译者必须有所舍弃,采取适当的翻译策略 以确保主要信息的传递。 现代翻译学认为,译文与原文在意义上应动态 对应,不要形式对等。因此,从原文的深层意 义出发,汉语句子当中的四字词组在译成英语 时都有可能与英语句中的单词、短语、习语甚 至整句相对应。
Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. 不可过早乐观。 Every cloud has a silver lining. 天下没有绝对的坏事。 Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water. 同这么多穿着体面而又有教养的人在一起,这位乡下 姑娘感到很不自在。 She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth; she thinks she can do what she likes. 她生长在富贵之家,认为凡事都可随心所欲。
TRANSLATION APPRECIATION
1.It is too late to grieve when the chance is past. 坐失良机,后悔已迟。 2.It’s never too late to learn. 活到老,学到老。 3.Joy at its height engenders sorrow. 乐极生悲。 4.Justice has long arms.
spend money like water 挥金如土 add fuel to the fire 火上浇油 burn one’s boat 破釜沉舟 be on thin ice 如履薄冰 a drop in the ocean 沧海一粟 laugh one’s head off 笑掉大牙
民族文化的发展形成了一些代表独特文化现象的词语
典故,有一部分成语出自历史事件、寓言、故事等, 这类成语可以称为典故成语。每种典故之后都有一则 轶事,如汉语中的“伯了相马”、“邯郸学步”、 “塞翁失马”等,英语中的to meet one’s Waterloo, create man with clay。英汉典故成语各有自己的民族渊 源,可以说相似的很少。但是有少数近似的,例如中 blow hot and cold与“朝三暮四”。blow hot and cold出 自《伊索寓言》。原喻“避免与性情模棱两可的人交 往”,现意“动摇不定,反复无常”。“朝三暮四” 出自《列子· 黄帝》,原来比喻用诈术欺骗,后来比喻 反复无常。
例如: as thin as rake 骨瘦如柴 fish for praise 沽名钓誉 turn a dead ear to 置若罔闻 return good for evil 以德报怨 fish in troublerough fire and water赴汤蹈火 at the end of one’s rope山穷水尽 shed crocodile tears猫哭老鼠 be out at the elbows捉襟见肘 like father like son有其父必有其子 There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不都是金子。
3. 历史背景上的不同
中国自古以来是一个以农业为主的大国,农业人口占
很大比例,因此,成语中有很大一部分是农谚。 例如:斩草除根;柴多火焰高;瑞雪兆丰年;解甲归 田;拔苗助长;枯木逢春;顺藤摸瓜;树大招风;雨 后春笋;瓜熟蒂落;桃李满天下;捡了芝麻,丢了西 瓜,等等。 英国是一个岛国,英国人喜欢航海,因此,有很大一 部分成语源于航海事业。 例如:know the ropes(懂得秘诀;内行);tide over(顺利 渡过);sink or swim(好歹;不论成败);go with the stream(随波逐流);clear the decks(准备战斗);all at sea(无主意);plain sailing(一帆风顺);rest on one’s oars(暂时歇一歇);keep one’s head above water(奋力图 存),等等。
例如 : 多数人兴高采烈之日,却是少数人伤心失意之时。 If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful
period for the few. 他坐在那儿注视着,觉得眼前的景象,既是始终如一, 又是变化多端,既是光彩夺目,又是朦胧黑暗,既是 庄严肃穆,又是轻松愉快。 He sat there and watched them, so changelessly,so changing, so bright and dark, so grave and gay.
No smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。 A good conscience is a soft pillow. 日间不做亏心事,夜半敲门心不惊。 Neither fish nor fowl. 非驴非马。 You cannot make a crab walk straight.
几种翻译四字词组的常用方法。
一、将原文的四字词组译成英语的一个词
这些词主要是名词、形容词、副词、动词。一部分汉
语四字词组译为英语时只需用一个英语单词替换就足 以表达它的意思。例如: 这一切均在铁的事实面前彻底破产了。 But their slanders? have all been exploded in the face of hard facts. 这是走向繁荣昌盛的唯一道路。 This is the only road leading to prosperity. 虽然我们前面的道路崎岖不平…… Although the road before us is rough...
是狼改不了吃肉,是狗改不了吃屎。
2. 风俗习惯上的不同
狗对于英国人来说,既可以用来看门或打猎,也可视
作人的伴侣和爱物。所以英国人对狗一般有好感,常 用来比喻人的生活。 例如: dog one’s steps跟某人走 lucky dog幸运儿 Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌。 Every dog has his day.凡人皆有得意的日子。 但是,dog受外来文化的影响,有时也含有贬义。 例如: He is in the doghouse.他名声扫地了。 He was a bit of a dog in his younger days. 他年轻时过着花天酒地的生活。
4.直译加意译
为了弥补直译和意译的不足,更确切地表达原意,可
同时采用直译和意译两种方法翻译成语,即先直译出 原文,再进行解释。 shed crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪 / 假慈悲 Achilles's heel 阿基利斯的脚后跟 / 致命弱点 Pandora’s box 潘多拉的盒子 / 罪恶和灾难的渊薮 To make hay while the sun shines. 趁着晴天晒干草 / 勿失时机。 A little pot is soon hot. 壶小易热 / 人小火气大。
天网恢恢,疏而不漏。
5.Keep something for a rainy day. 未雨绸缪。
6.Keep a dog and bark oneself. 家有佣人而自己干活;做自己下属应做的工作。 7.One man’s meat is another man’s poison. 对甲有利的未必对乙也有利。 8.Let sleeping dogs lie. 勿惹麻烦。 9.Let things slide.
2.直译法
直译法指在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想
的条件下,在译文中保留英语的比喻、形象和民族及 地方色彩的方法。 例如: show one’s cards 摊牌 armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿 a wolf in sheep’s clothing 披着羊皮的狼 Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔。 He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。
中国民间虽然有养狗的习惯,但一般在心理上却厌恶
鄙视这种动物,常用来形容和比喻坏人坏事。 例如: 狗胆包天monstrous audacity 狗急跳墙。 A cornered beast will do something desperate. 狗嘴里吐不出象牙。 A filthy mouth can’t utter decent language.
成语的翻译
1. 英汉成语比喻上的不同
中国人常常用成语“雨后春笋”来形容一般事物的迅
速发展和大量涌现。英语则用just like mushroom(犹如 蘑菇一样众多)来形容同样的意思。竹子不是英国土生 土长的植物,甚至连bamboo(竹)这个词也是引进的外 来语。因此,英国人不可能以竹笋作成语的形象来比 喻。 试比较: Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs. 杀鸡取蛋。 Look for a needle in a haystack. 大海捞针。 Like a rat in a hole. 瓮中之鳖。