边境牧羊犬AKC标准

边境牧羊犬AKC标准

体型

雄性的肩高范围在19—22英寸；雌性的肩高范围在18—21英寸。身体长度（从肩胛末端到臀部的距离）略大于肩高。骨骼结实，但不夸张，与整体尺寸相称。整体的高度、长度、体重、骨量的匀称是至关重要的，比单一特征要重要的多。体重超标不应该误认为是肌肉或骨量造成的。任何单一特征影响整体的平衡将被认为是缺陷。[1]

头部

表情：聪明、警惕、热情且充满好奇心。

眼睛：分的较开，中等大小，卵形。眼圈色素和眼睛颜色为褐色；如

果身体主要颜色不是黑色，眼睛的颜色会明显浅一些。眼圈色素缺乏属于缺陷。除了陨石色外，其它颜色的狗出现蓝眼睛属于缺陷。山鸟色狗单眼蓝色或两眼蓝色；单眼部分蓝色或两眼部分蓝色都是允许的。

耳朵：中等大小，分的较开，耳朵竖立或半立（保持1/4到3/4的耳朵竖立）。耳尖指向

前面或向两侧。耳朵灵敏，且灵活。

脑袋：宽阔，后枕骨不突出。脑袋的长度与前脸的长度相等。止部适中、但清晰。

口吻：略短，结实，且钝，鼻镜端略细。下颚结实且非常发达。鼻镜的颜色与身体主要颜

色相称，鼻孔发达。象被截断的口吻属于缺陷。

咬和：牙齿和颚部结实，剪状咬和。

颈背部

颈部：长度恰当，结实且肌肉发达，略拱，向肩部方向逐渐放宽。

背线：平，腰部后方略拱。

身躯：外观健壮。胸深、宽度适中，显示出巨大的胸腔容积。胸深达到肘部。肋骨扩张良

好。腰部深度适中，肌肉发达，略拱，无上提。臀部向后逐渐倾斜。

尾巴：位置低，中等长度，尾骨延伸到飞节。末端有向上的旋涡。在

全神贯注完成任务时，尾巴低垂，以保持平衡。兴奋时，尾巴可能上举到背部的高度。放荡的尾巴属于缺陷。

前躯

从前面观察，前肢骨骼发达，彼此平行。从侧面观察，脚腕略微倾斜。肩胛与上臂角度恰当。肘部既不向内弯也不向外翻。狼爪可以被切除。足爪紧凑，卵形，脚垫深且结实，脚趾适度圆拱、紧凑。

后躯

宽阔且肌肉发达，轮廓温和的向尾巴处倾斜。大腿长、宽、深且肌肉发达。膝关节角度恰当，飞节结实、位置低。从后面观察，后肢骨量充足、直、彼此平行且有非常轻微的牛肢。狼爪可以被切除。足爪紧凑，卵形，脚垫深且结实，脚趾适度圆拱、紧凑，趾甲短而结实。

被毛

允许有两种类型：粗毛和短毛。两种类型都有柔软、浓密、能抵御恶劣气候的双层被毛。幼犬的毛发短、柔软、浓密且能防水。成年后转化成底毛。粗毛型：毛发长度中等，质地平坦，略呈波浪状，脸部毛发短而平滑。前肢有羽状饰毛。后脚腕的毛发可以被剪短。随着年龄的增加，毛发会逐渐变成很厉害的波浪状，这不属于缺陷。短毛型：全身的毛发都很短，前肢可能有饰毛，胸部毛发丰满。

颜色

边境牧羊犬具有很多种颜色，有各种不同的式样和斑纹。最普通的颜色就是黑色带（或不带）白筋、白围脖、白袜子、白尾尖，带（或不带）褐色斑纹。身体出现各种不同的颜色都是允许的，惟独全白色是例外。单色、双色、三色与传统的颜色在比赛中应该一视同仁。颜色和斑纹在比赛中为次要指标，身体结构和步态才是主要指标。

步态

边境牧羊犬是一种敏捷的狗，能突然的改变速度和方向而不失去平衡和优雅。耐力是这一品种的招牌。它小跑的步态舒展、平顺、不费力。足爪离地面距离最短，当它轻松滑行时，背线没有任何变化（背线平稳）。从侧面观察，它的步幅非常大，而步伐频率非常低，动作迅速而准确。肩部、肘部和脚腕没有任何松懈。从后面观察，四肢的驱动有力且有弹性。飞节靠的很近，但没有交叉。背离上述正确步态的现象属于缺陷。在最终评审中，步态属于最重要的特征，并椐此判断身体结构是否合理、正确。

气质

边境牧羊犬是聪明、警惕而敏感的品种，对任何人非常友善。它还是一种卓越的牧羊犬，它乐于学习并对此感到满足。并在人类的友谊中茁壮成长。有明显的凶恶倾向或非常羞怯都属于严重缺陷。

缺陷

从边境牧羊犬进入中国，相关判定的标准就开始变了，很快就有了七白到位，通脖，通腿的说法。这种误导愈演愈烈，更有甚者提出了花色缺陷的说法，认为花色不好的就是缺陷。如果要说花色缺陷的话，只有一个：白色不能成为边牧的主体色。

Border Collie AKC standard

Body type

Male shoulder height range of 19-22 inches; female shoulder height range of 18-21 inches. Body length (the distance from the the scapular end to hip) is slightly greater than shoulder height.

Strong bones, but not exaggerated, commensurate with the overall size. The symmetry of the overall height, length, weight and bone mass is critical, much more important than the single feature. Overweight should not be mistaken for muscle or bone mass. Any single feature affect the overall balance is considered a defect. [1]

Head

Expression: smart, alert, enthusiastic and full of curiosity.

Eyes: minutes longer open, medium size, oval. Eye socket pigment and eye color brown;

If the main body color is not black, the color of the eyes will be significantly lighter. The eye socket pigment lacks is a fault. Addition to meteorites color, other colors dog penalized blue eyes. Yamadori color dog monocular blue or two blue; the the monocular part blue or two part blue are allowed.

Ears: Medium size, set well apart, , ears erect or semi-erect (keep 1/4 to 3/4 erect ears). Sharp-eared point in front or to the sides. Ears, and flexible.

Head: the broad, occiput not prominent. Equal to the length of the length of the front face of the head. The stop is moderate, but clear.

Muzzle: slightly shorter, strong and blunt nose end is a little thin. The jaw is strong and well developed. Commensurate with the color of the nose is the main body color developed nostrils. Like truncated tone penalized.

Bite: the teeth and jaws strong, scissors bite.

The back of the neck

Neck: appropriate length, strong and muscular, slightly arched, gradually relaxed to shoulders. Topline: flat, waist strategy arch.

Body: robust appearance. Chest deep, medium width, showing the huge volume of pleural Chest deep to the elbow. Well sprung ribs. Waist moderately deep, muscular and slightly arched, and no mention. Hips gradually tilted backwards.

Tail: low position, medium length, the bone reaches to the hock. Terminal upwards vortex. In

Engrossed when the task is completed, the tail drooping, in order to maintain the balance. Excited, the tail may be on the move to the height of the back. Dissolute tail penalized. Forequarters

Viewed from the front, the forelimb bones developed parallel to each other. Viewed from the side, pasterns slightly sloping. Scapula and upper arm angle appropriate. ,Elbows turning neither in nor out. Dewclaws may be removed. Feet are compact, oval, pads deep and strong, toes moderately arched.

Hindquarters

Wide and muscular contours moderate tilt to the tail at. The thigh is long, wide, deep and muscular. Stifles, , hocks strong low position. When viewed from behind, after sufficient amount of limb bones, straight, parallel to each other and there is a very slight Cowhocks. Dewclaws may be removed. Feet are compact, oval, pads deep and strong, toes moderately arched, compact, nails short and strong.

Coat