002写作精讲
2021年高中英语新高考外刊阅读素材(002)(积累词汇、提升阅读理解写作能力)

2021年高中英语新高考外刊知识学习讲义(002)Apple has unveiled digital wellbeing tools to help people reduce the time they spend glued to their screens.苹果公司推出了一款数字健康工具,以帮助人们减少沉迷于手机的时间。
1unveil sth to show or introduce a new plan, product, etc. to the publicfor the first time (首次)展示,介绍,推出;将…公诸于众SYN reveal◆ They will be unveiling their new models at the Motor Show. 他们将在汽车大展上首次推出自己的新型汽车。
A new app called Screen Time will offer iPhone and iPad users a dashboard highlighting how much time they have spent using which apps, how many notifications they receive, how often they pick up their device and how their usage patterns compare to the average.这款名为“屏幕时间”的新应用面向的是苹果手机和苹果平板电脑的用户,将会用数字仪表板的形式显示出用户使用哪一款应用消耗了多少时间,用户收到了多少个通知,以及他们拿起手机的频率,还有他们的使用模式和平均水平的对比。
1 notification:the act of giving or receiving official information about sth 通知;通告;告示◆ advance/prior notification (=telling sb in advance about sth) 预先通告◆ written notification 书面通知The app also lets users set daily time limits for individual apps, and a notification will be shown when the time limit is about to expire.Parents will be able to access their children’s activity reports from their own devices to understand and manage their browsing habits.这款应用还让用户设置单个应用的每日使用时间上限,时间快到时会发出通知。
【Earlybird】部编版六年级上册语文《习作1变形记》教学设计(002)

部编版六年级上册语文《习作 1 变形记》教学设计活动分析本次习作的内容是发挥想象,写一篇“变形记”。
通过学习本单元的课文,尤其是《花之歌》,我们感受到了四季更迭的自然变化中有着无穷无尽的乐趣。
通过丰富和奇妙的想象,花朵成为自然的使者和奉献者。
这次习作便要求学生想象自己变成另一种东西,写一写这种变形的经历。
孩子们的想象世界本就是丰富多彩的,这次习作的话题对学生来说也许并不困难,难的是把自己的想象组织成文,把重点内容写详细,写出所变形对象的个性特点来。
也就是说,要引导学生既能天马行空地想象,也能有序、有趣地成文。
教学目标1. 发挥想象,激发写作兴趣。
2. 结合课本上的示例文字及题目引导,打开思路,确定写作对象。
3. 写作时,要把重点部分写得详细一点,学生间交换习作,互评互改。
重点难点1. 引导学生把变形的经历写得详略得当,要写得形象生动、写出特点。
2. 学会运用多种写作手法把变形的过程写得生动有趣,如心理描写、动作描写、外貌描写、语言描写等。
教学准备教师:多媒体课件或纸质阅读材料。
学生:读一读关于变形的文章,收获一些写作灵感。
课时安排2 课时一、导入新课,揭示课题。
1. 教师朗读卡夫卡的《变形记》片段,引出习作的主题。
过渡:同学们应该看到我们这次习作的主题了——变形记。
其实,《变形记》是一篇非常有名的小说的名字,作者是奥地利小说家卡夫卡。
接下来,老师就给你们读读小说开篇的一段文字,它讲述的就是一次不可思议的变形经历。
一天早晨,格里高尔 ?萨姆沙从不安的睡梦中醒来,发现自己躺在床上变成了一只巨大的甲虫。
他仰卧着,那坚硬的像铁甲一般的背贴着床,他稍稍抬了抬头,便看见自己那穹顶似的棕色肚子分成了好多块弧形的硬片,被子几乎盖不住肚子尖,都快滑下来了。
比起偌大的身躯来,他那许多只腿真是细得可怜,都在他眼前无可奈何地舞动着。
“我出了什么事啦?”他想。
这可不是梦。
他的房间,虽是嫌小了些,的确是普普通通人住的房间,仍然安静地躺在四堵熟悉的墙壁当中。
写作教程2课后答案(上海外国语教育出版社)

写作教程2课后答案(上海外国语教育出版社)写作教程 2 课后题答案提示:页码有部分错误,但答案内容正确。
P2 . PART1Advantages : It is very convenient . You can make a call whenever and wherever you want to.It is especially helpful in an emergency .It saves time .You don't have to search for or await the turn for the public phone.You can always be reached when you are neededby others.In an information age ,it can help you to get the information you want in the quickest way.It may help you to grasp any chance to succeed. You canplay games and surf the net through thephone........Disadvantages : It is quite expensiveIts radiation is harmful to healthAnswering calls in public places such as on a bus is embarrassingMaking or answering calls while driving isdangerousYou can always be reached by your parents oryour bossIt may ring at the moment when you least wantit toYou may receive calls fromstrangers or advertising companies and have to pay forthem ..........P3. PART2have become increasingly violentis more and more important for young people is thekindest neighbour I have ever known has aprofound effect on our healthP4. 2.too specificBritish English is different from American English inspelling3.This is not a sentence, but a fragment Differentcountries have different customs4.too general,too emotionalThe local food is tasteless and greasyP7. Approach 1: For one thing, they should balance science and non-science courses so that they do not have too many time-consuming labs.Approach 2:They should also try to get a mixture between subjects they find fairly easy and those that are difficult for them.Example 1: For instance,the student who dose well in history but expects to have a terrible time with calculus might plan on taking both in the same semester to balance the work load.Example 2: The student who dose not plan carefully and takes five tough courses the first term may wind up on scholastic probation.P11. 4 . Paragraph 1:All invention are either basic inventions or improvement on earlier inventions.Paragraph 2:There was a serious accident in thechemistry lab yesterday.Paragraph 3: Nutritional deficiency is a major problemof the elderly.5. Paragraph 1 : T opic sentence: people .....to each other. 和convenience. 第一句And无关句:Manynowadays,....moreParagraph 2: T S : 第一句无关句:I didn't /doc/b810843207.html,st night 和 I heard that .... own children.排序:574169832(1)First of all . (2) secondly (3)By and by (4) In addition(5)In shortP18 Paragraph B : Jack should not have taken the gymnastics course.he fell off the uneven bars and got a concussion.he sprained his ankle,after a bad landing off the balance beam.he broken the support beam in the basement of his parent's home,showing them his skills.he broke his thumb when he caught it on the bar the pommel horse.he fails the final exam in his gymnastics course.he failed to graduate due to the lack of twohours of physical education creditP19 T S: Some historians mark the course of the American Revolutionary War in three major periods.1.During the first phase of the conflict ,New English was the battleground,1)The Minutemen and the Redcoats fired the opening shots of the war at Lexington at dawn of April 19,17752) Shortly afterwards ,the New England colonists laid siege toBoston .the location of the British headquarters.2.In the second phase of the war ,which began after the signing of the Declaration ,both the British and the American made important military gains.1)The British soldiers captured New York in the fall of 1776,and a year later they occupied Philadelphia.2)Meanwhile the Americans were able to seize New Jersey3.The fighting moved to the west and south during the last phase.1)In 1778 and 1779 several battles occurred in Kentucky and Tennessee.2)Then two years later ,the final battle of the war wasfought at Yorktown ,Virginia.P22 . 4: 排序: 4 10 5 12 3 7 15 9 14 2 11 8 13 6 1T S : My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.P23. 5.(1)Then (2) morning (3)afternoon (4)Then (5)After that (6)when (7)already (8)afterP33. 3. 排序:3614752 Relationship : organization of the paragraph represents Primarily, movementtheingeographical space.P34 5. (1)into (2) crosses (3) In the center of (4) Outside (5)inside (6) On the front (7)over (8)down (9)lined with (10) At the rearP46 4. (1)with (2)while (3)slowly (4)Gradually (5)with (6)By this time (7)Suddenly (8)final (9) ending (10) applause5.Prepare and lay out food;make the special lanterns Keepdancing and singing overnightThrow the food and lanterns into a river or seaWatch the lanterns drifting wayP52 . T S : Working as a cook at the Venture Inn is the best job i have ever had.Reasons: 1. I have a steady fort-hour workweek ,along with a chance for overtime if i want it.2.I can eat whatever i like ,and i get a chance to take steak and sometimes lobster home to my wife.3.I don't have any big hassle with my boss;if i have to report late or skip a day now and then,all she asks is that i call her in advance4. They pay is very good ,averaging close to $200 the weeks that i work overtime5. The job is seasonal.P57. 3. T S : Working in an apple plant was the worst job i ever had.Examples :1: First of all,the work was physically hardSpecific details:1)For ten hours a night ,i took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractor trailer.2)Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice,and they were heavy2:The second bad feature of the job was the paySpecific details:I was getting the minimum wage at thattime ,$1.25an hour,plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift.3:The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.1)During work we were limited to two10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch2)The steel floors of the trucks were like ice ;the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.Concluding S : I felt humiliated by the poverty thatforced me to do such a bitter job.P58 4. 排序: 36182475Pattern : It follows Pattern 1 and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.5.(1) For example (2)Furthermore (3)In still another instance(4)Even (5)his (6)these (7)contemporaryP59 7. 1) I've never seen a girl as lazy as Arena2)English teachers are applying different means to teach theEnglish language3)Americans have been decreasing their working hours sinceearly 1900s4)My father has been a generous man to his childrenP70 5. 排序:213546explain a Spanish word which hasno exact English equivalentcourageous behaviour earthy sexualityP76 Cause: 1. Over a million cars are abandoned on the streets3.Both city governments or governmental agencies have financial headachesEffect: lack of parking in citiesP78 Cause: the terrorist strikesEffects: 1. The Americans feel very anxious and panicky3.The public would wind up ignoring the one warning that really matters.P82 2) Cause : (1) got drunk at the party(2)had taken the drug of Accutane(3)adolescent depressionEffect : Bart Jr.'s suicide4.排序:241365 Pattern of cause and effect: single effect and multiple causesP88 sample 1 subject: the time most students spend studying for a testTopic sentence: The time most students spend studying for a test can be divided into three distinct phases.Division ;1)Phase One runs from the day the test is announced to approximately forty-eight hours before the exam is passed out.2)Phase two is entered two days prior to the test.3)Phase three ,the final phase ,is entered twelve hours before “ZeroHour . ”Sample 2 : subject: students in our schoolTopic sentence: students in our school fall into three groups according to their different intentions of taking part in sports. Division :1) students who go to the playground when they feel tired after study.2)real sports lovers who even put aside their studies for a game. P93 3. 1) T S: University students' entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes placeDivision: a) entertainment at homeb)entertainment on campusc)entertainment elsewhere2)T S: The average young married woman in today's society has her life divided into three different roles.Division: a)the role of wifeb)the role of motherc)the role of self3)T S : Neighbours fall into three categories according to their different attitudes towards youDivision:a)those who are friendlyb)those who are indifferentc)those who hate youP94 5: 排序: 7 3 10 9 1 5 8 4 2 11 6 Subject: Christmas gifts T S : Christmas gifts can be divided into threegroups ,according to their after-Christmas fateDivision: a)those that are welcomed and put into usevery soonb)those that are halfway between being hated and lovedc)those that you banish as soon as possibleConcluding S : By New Year's Day, you have eitherused ,stored or disposed of each of your Christmas gifts6.(1)types (2)Though (3) Finally (4)however(5)Even though (6)Before (7)third (8)If(9)Then (10)theseP106 4.排序: 53624871Pattern of comparison and contrast: subject by subjectP107 5. (1)similar (2)although (3)difference (4)identical(5)again (6)while (7)But (8)difference (9)consistency(10)completelyP114 paragraph B: First statement :The invention of movable type made the mass media possible.Supporting details: Large numbers of people could haveaccessto learning.Second statement :Television brought a second revolution means of the media .Supporting details: Television made experiences available massive numbers of people. by toMillions could watch a president being sworn in or buried ,a spaceship launched .An Olympic race run ,comedies or talk shows at the same time . Third statement :You ,through the medium of television ,will be a member of a “global villages ”.Supporting details ; In the future , this revolution in both information and experiences will spread to the far reaches of the world and even to outer space. Ultimately, you will be able to see and talk instantly to anyone else in the world.General statement : Technology will take a leading role in the media future as it always has in the past.P118 3. The enormous importance of television news had started the process of change in the printed pressP119 5 .A : Programs on TV tend to have a high level of maturity(1) fostering maturity at early age or hindering maturity(2)misleading children to imitating scenes on TVB: TV serials or dramas may oversimplifycomplex social and psychological problems.(1)enjoying simple-minded soap operas and stereotyped characters(2)giving a false picture of realityC:Informative and cultural programs are frequently interrupted by vulgar advertising.(1)too many commercials(2)an insult even to the intelligence of a moronP120 6.(1)Thus (2)When (3)also (4)however (5)Moreover (6)indeed (7)also (8)Yet (9) and (10)ThusP139 sample 2Sample 1 Sample 2Topic sentence: Stanford Introductory paragraph : (the University is one of the famous first para) the main idea of the institutions of higher learning composition :Its reputation is in northern California. based on its intelligentstudents ,distinguished facultyand growth opportunitiesoffered to students.Supporting detail 1 : Body para 1 (the secondIts highly intelligent student para)topic sentence:The population university ?s standards foradmission remain high .Supporting sentences: studentsenroll from all over the UnitedStates ,and many foreignstudents study there as well.Young men and women areselected to enter the universityfrom the upper fifteen percentof their high school classes. Supporting detail 2 : Body para 2(the third para )Distinguished teaching staff Topic sentence :Stanford hasattracted to its faculty some ofthe world ?s most respectedscholars.Supporting sentences ; Theuniversity staff has includedseveral Nobel Prize winners inphysics ,medicine andchemistry .Stanford?sundergraduate school ofengineering and its graduate schools of business ,law ,and medicine are especially well regarded.Supporting campus life detail 3 : its Body parapara )topicCulturally,campus isstudents .3thea(the fourthsentence :universitymagnet forSupporting sentences ;Plays ,concerts ,and operas areperformed in the university?sseveral auditoriums and inoutdoor Frost Amphitheater.Guest lectures from public andacademic life frequently appearon campus,. In the evening,many students gather tosocialize in the Student Union,s coffee house .For the sports–minded ,the Stanford campusoffers highly developedConcluding sentence: It is considered comparable in quality to other longer established universities. athletic facilities. Team sports ,swimming ,and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. Concluding para (the last para ) conclusion: Stanford is now generally considered comparable in quality to such other longer established ,major American universities as Harvard ,Yale, Princeton, and Columbia.P145 3. Gambling is the root cause of many social problems The future of education lies in the innovation of educational technologyViolence on television has a negative impact on children's view of societyWomen should be given equal opportunities in education and career developmentEfforts should be made to preserve natural beauty in developing local tourismP147 6. (1)usually (2)often (3)Since (4)on the other hand(5)also (6)but (7)AlthoughP158 5.排序: 8 3 7 1 5 9 13 2 6 12 4 11 106: 1.While 2.in the morning 3. in the evening 4.While 5.until 6.while 7.before 8.at six o'clock 9.As soon as10.Unfortunately 11.What's more 12.After 13.the next morning14.next 15. Luckily 16.until 17.at lastP172 5.排序:32718564P173 6: (1)cozy (2)soft (3)On one side of the room(4)Next to (5)muted (6)On the other side o f (7)nap(8)orange(9)lighted (10)sizzling。
001-002 写作介绍及Report写法

IELTS WritingBand History Pattern (L-R-W-S)▪7.5 8.5 6.5 5▪9 8.5 6 6.5▪8 8.5 6.5 6▪6.5 8.5 5.5 6.0▪7 8.5 5.5 6▪9 7.5 6 6Target Band 往届中国考生平均分▪Target Band:•Band 6.5= T1(Band 7)+T2(Band 6)•Band 6 = T1 (Band 6.5) + T2 (Band 5.5)IELTS Writing task Writing task 1: 图表作文▪时间:<20分钟▪字数:150<L<180▪分值:1/3 (40%)Writing task 2: 议论文▪时间:<40分钟▪字数:250<L▪分值:2/3 (60%)Writing Task 1 图表类型:▪Table▪Pie chart▪Line graph▪Bar chart▪Process Diagram▪MapWriting Task 2 题型分类:▪Argumentation•辩论文(主导题型)▪WWH•报告型(辅助题型)•R RP(Reason, Result, Proposals)▪Combination•报告+辩论Writing Task 2 雅思写作题库评分标准解读:Task2 评分标准 Task Response▪任务完成情况Coherence and Cohesion▪连贯与衔接Lexical Resource▪词汇水平Grammatical Range and Accuracy▪语法范围及准确性评分标准简介[C6T3 Page 166] Band 4 标准▪未写完(186 words)▪语法控制能力弱,尤其是在简单句上犯错•Visitor were stay a short time•They will travel and shopping in the cities ▪拼写错误(影响阅读)•Reconize; althought;•They afair to effect the local custom▪句子表意不明•看不懂▪分段逻辑混乱评分标准简介Band 5 标准▪字数略低于250▪表意基本清晰▪偶尔低级语法错误•The function … provide knowledge for …•Go to university purpose▪运用了大量的复杂句•What knowledge and skill … has been argued ...▪衔接紧密,层次清晰•The first reason is …, moreover, …, lastly ..评分标准简介Band 5 标准▪重复内容很多,说明词汇非常受限:•(provide knowledge and skills 9 times)▪论据逻辑性不清•… university would lo se students.•Moreover, … make university progress▪文章布局带有片面性•The first reason is … moreover … lastly …•考官评语:•“The answer does not address all parts of the question, so it loses marks. ”Band 6 标准▪衔接良好:•to begin with; to prove this; furthermore;▪正确运用了多种句式结构•They learn faster than what they learn at school.▪极少出现语法错误•Nowadays purpose of education being changed in Korea.▪扣题,全文布局合理Band 6 标准▪Examiner’s comments:•deal much more with the aspect of “competition” than it does with “co-operation”•Examples are over-developed•The use of rhetorical question to signal topic changes is not very skillful.•There are regular errors in word choice▪评分标准简介Band 7 标准▪强大的从句控制能力▪句式丰富▪使用了大量学术词汇•Their works enlighten our minds, no matter it is factual or entertainment based.•Sometimes these artists tend to be unscrupulous•… impair the reputation of some illustrious people in today’s society.Task 2 题型分类雅思写作话题分类▪Argumentation议论文(90%)•发表观点并论证▪Report 报告型•R easons•E ffects•M easures & Suggestion & Solutions•近期真题回顾Report 写法Report 写作分析Report 构思:真题20100925A study shows lots of children aged between 7 and 11 spend too much time watching TVand playing video games. How do you think this problem affects the children, theirfamilies, and society? What measures can be taken to solve it?Report首段写法Report 构思:▪首段板块:•话题背景•提出问题•全文写作目的Report首段写法Report 构思:▪首段功能:•话题背景(通用写法)–N owadays;–I n these years;–S ince the last century;–… has been …Report首段写法Report 构思:▪[2007.1.6] WRITING TASK 2▪The world of work is changing rapidly, so people can not always depend on their jobs.What are the reasons of such phenomenon and offer some measures to solve it.▪在近来2个世纪里,世界以惊人的速度向前发展。
二元关系作文写作指导

“关系型”作文审题方法明确
一、明确概念 审题时一定要正确把握相关概念的字面义和语境义,明确概 念内涵的具体所指,切不可模棱两可,否则就有可能导致审题偏 差。 二、分清具体关系,合理确定写作点 ①并列共存关系(既…又…) ②条件关系(只有…才能…) ③是非取舍关系(要…不要…) ④对立统一关系(没有…就 没有…) ⑤并非绝对关系 递进型(要…更要…/不仅…而且…) 三、突出重点 关系型作文题中的各要素是有所侧重的,在辨清了题目中各 要素之间的关系后,我们还要抓住题目中的重点,做到主次分明, 重点突出。
璃心,甘愿躺平,没有继续前进的勇气。究其根本,便是缺乏对
梦想的追求与浪漫的情怀。成长的道路并非一帆风顺的,我们要 坚定理想信念,以豁达乐观的人生态度应对挫折与考验。
对于当代青年,严谨的品质与浪漫的情怀缺一不可。
严谨与浪漫看似对立,实则交相辉映。严谨以求实,浪漫以 求善。人生必有痴,而后有成,热爱可抵漫长岁月。没有浪漫 的情怀,无以支撑足以交付青春乃至生命的磨砺。没有严谨的 品质,无以造就过硬的实力。曾顶着40度高烧拿下奖牌,为克 服恐惧踏实训练,谷爱凌突破极限,再创辉煌。做了四次手术, 依然勇敢追梦,四战冬奥,徐梦桃终圆金牌梦。对每次训练和 比赛都认真反思,严谨细致,羽生结弦一生悬命,只为所爱。 他们对冰雪的热爱,在严谨细致,踏实训练的包裹下绽放浪漫 的异彩。
浪漫,是乐享人生的关键,是当代青年必备的情怀。
浪漫的情怀并不局限于“玲珑骰子安红豆”的入骨相思。它还体 现在李白“长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。”的坚强自信。苏 轼“一蓑烟雨任平生”的乐观豁达。与陆游“山重水复疑无路,柳 暗花明又一村”的满怀希望。我们在传承文化之美的同时,感受 古人的浪漫情怀与人生追求。反观生活中许多青年遇到挫折便玻
自考“英语写作”精讲复习(2)

(三)写作类型——记叙⽂,描写⽂ 英语写作类型(Types of Writing)主要有四种:记叙⽂(Narration),描写⽂(Description),说明⽂(Exposition)和议论⽂(Argumentation)。
记叙⽂和描写⽂在考试中出现的频率很低,⼏乎不作直接考察,我们只是简单⼀带⽽过。
记叙⽂就是讲故事,⽽且往往是让⼈在听完或读完故事后有所思考,这就是记叙⽂的写作⽬的(可能是隐含的也可能是外显的)。
讲故事要先交待清楚故事的语境即时间,地点和⼈物,然后依据时间顺序展开情节(这⾥说得是最常见的顺叙,当然还有倒叙,插叙等),讲故事时要注意叙事的⾓度(第⼀⼈称还是第三⼈称),故事的跌宕起伏(起端,发展,⾼潮和结局)。
描写⽂,简单的说就是⽤语⾔⽂字的笔来绘画,画⼀副⼈物肖像,画⼀副地点画,画⼀副静物画,画⼀副场景画等。
⽤画笔作画,最重要的是颜⾊的淡妆浓抹,描写靠的是⽂字的⼒量,例如形容词,副词的使⽤等。
但是⽆论如何画,都要给⼈留下⼀个深刻的印象,这⼀印象就是描写⽂的写作⽬的。
因此,同学们在写描写⽂时要围绕着这⼀印象(中⼼)来组织写作。
虽然说记叙⽂和说明⽂两种⽂体在英语写作考试中不直接考察,但是它们的作⽤不容忽视,它们可以被⼴泛地应⽤在说明⽂、议论⽂的引⾔段和举例中,能增加说明⽂和议论⽂的可读性,趣味性。
(四)写作类型——说明⽂ 说明⽂(Exposition)是为了解释或阐述某⼀问题,某⼀过程或是关系的写作类型。
其⽬的是通过解释,使⼈明⽩某件事情,明⽩如何去做⼀件事情,或是明⽩⼀件事情的原因,及其引发的后果等。
1.总体结构 说明⽂有⽐较明确的⾏⽂模式,初学者应该对此加以熟悉,才能写好说明⽂。
⼤致来讲,说明⽂分为三个部分,五个段落(可适当增加⼀两个段落)。
⼀个引⾔段,三个主体段,⼀个结论段。
可参见下图: 2. 引⾔段(Introduction) 这⼀段落的主要⽬的有两个:引⼊讨论的话题(topic),并缩⼩讨论范围,提出论点。
四年级语文上册 精卫填海002 教学设计

教材解读《精卫填海》是部编版四上第四单元的第2篇课文。
本单元是神话单元,课文非常简短,只有两句话。
第一句话交代了故事的主要人物及身份,即炎帝的女儿,名叫女娃。
第二句前半句交代了填海的起因:女娃到东海去游玩,不幸在海里溺亡,再也不会回来,于是她化作一只名叫“精卫”的小鸟。
后半部分是故事的重点,写了精卫常常衔着西山的树枝和石子来填塞东海,想把东海填平。
故事充满着神奇的想象,精卫的形象跃然纸上。
故事情节连贯,人物形象突出,在教学时教师可整体把握课文内容,引导学生在理清故事内容的基础上,感受“精卫”的坚韧与执着。
生字方面,本科是文言文,多为单音字,有的与现代汉语的意思接近,有的与现代汉语的意思有区别。
在教学时,应引导学生结合书本注释,关注重点字词,尝试用自己的话表达文言文内容。
课文插图生动形象,左上角是一只精卫鸟,嘴中叼着石子正振翅高飞,下方则是滔天巨浪。
插图与故事情节紧密贴合,教学时要注意关注插图,以图文结合的方式让学生快速感知故事内容。
学情分析1、《精卫填海》是一篇口口相传的神话故事,学生对熟知的课文内容,有充足的表达欲望,教师可以以此为基础,进一步引导学生从故事的起因、经过和结果来把握故事主要内容。
2、在三年级小古文的学习中,学生已经掌握了结合注释、联系生活实际、结合图片等理解大意的方法。
大单元教学设计说明本单元共编排了《盘古开天地》《精卫填海》《普罗米修斯》三篇精读课文,和《女娲补天》1篇略读课文,但都是神话故事。
这些神话是中国古代神话和古希腊神话中的经典,学生可以从中体会古代劳动人民对自然、对世界的独特理解和神奇想象,还能感受故事中鲜明的人物形象:勇于献身的盘古、坚韧执着的精卫、勇敢不屈的普罗米修斯和甘于奉献的女娲。
本单元教学主题明确,语文要素十分明确。
第一个语文要素是“了解故事的起因、经过、结果,学习把握文章的主要内容”。
这是在三年级“了解文章的主要内容”基础上的提升,也是为本册第七单元“关注主要人物和实践、学习把握文章的主要内容”做准备。
【恒心】【7天翻转四六级】大学英语四六级作文满分突破系列002【PDF版】【李炳璋提供】

大学英语四六级作文满分突破2( Writing )纸上得来终觉浅,绝知此事要躬行。
【关键词】高分秘诀5种题型的写作方法简介开头﹑中间﹑结尾满分攻略技巧编辑校对:李炳璋(原名李东升)全国唯一一位曾经连续三年命中过高考试题中一些理科和文科试题的人,高考研究专家﹑高考辅导名师,擅长高考专业﹑个性辅导,英语四六级专业﹑个性辅导。
让很多辅导过的高中生受益,使其在高考中取得较为理想的成绩!让一些大学生顺利通过英语四六级考试!我的经典口头禅:1.高三是一个传奇,每个人都可能成为一匹黑马!2.贵在坚持﹑难在坚持﹑成在坚持!3.纸上得来终觉浅,绝知此事要躬行!4.没有高考,你拼得过富二代﹑官二代﹑名二代吗?5.让飞翔的梦想在六月张开翅膀,让雄心与智慧在六月绽放光芒!6.立志高远,脚踏实地;刻苦专研,勤学苦思;稳定心态,不馁不弃;全力以赴,夺取胜利。
7.让结局不再遗憾,让过程变得更美!8.最值得欣赏的风景是自己奋斗的足迹。
【编者前言】此份材料于2010年首次编写,2013年6月对其进行了全新的校对与补充。
2013年11月12日,由于2013年12月大学英语四六级再次改革,此份材料为了更好的适应考试变化,更好的服务考生,本人对其进行全面的升级与校对,使其更具有实用性!【恒心】大学英语四六级作文满分突破系列每一份内容完全凭借实力说话,真的做到你用后一定有所收获,进而提高成绩!大学英语四级的写作话题一般有两方面------大学校园生活和社会热点话题。
由于时间仓促,再加之编者水平有限,难免有误,恳请谅解,望广大师生对不足之处及时指出与纠正。
【高分秘诀】如何在英语四六级写作中取得高分?(4点)写作这一部分要求考生在30分钟内写完一篇不少于120个词(四级)/不少于150个词(六级)的短文。
写作部分是很多四六级考生的一个软肋,得分普遍不够理想。
有的人是不了解如何备考才能取得高分的技巧,有的人是平时训练备考积累的“量”不够;有的人是语法错误太多,有的人是字迹太差太潦草……那么,最后7天的时间,怎么尽可能提高写作成绩呢?争取在此部分取得满分呢?(一)作文成绩看字迹,得分要素是第一!任何形式的作文考试,阅卷老师打分时,第一眼,看的是字迹。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
第一节 写作动机的激发
一、写作动机的定义(P124)
动机是由一种目标或对象所引导、激发和维持的个 体活动的内在心理过程或内部动力。写作是一种心灵 的创造活动,写作动机是作者投入写作活动的内在动 力。动机是人的内在心理过程,人的一切活动都是由 一定动机引起。
完整动机系统包括:需要、欲望、意图、目的、意 志、兴趣、愿望、理想、信念、世界观、心理定势、 审美定势等等。
第一节 写作动机的激发
四、写作动机的生成(P129-132)
(二)学术写作动机的生成
学术写作动机的生成与职业关系相辅相成。研究动机就 是写作动机;
学术写作的动机有主动动机与被动动机两类。 主动动机是指作者在自己所选择的职业工作领域里,发 现了(偶遇)相关的问题对象,积极投入研究。例:胰岛 素治疗法。 所谓被动动机,即写作的原初动机并非来自于作者内心 世界的渴求,未能显示作者的主动意识。奉命课题研究, 撰写科研报告。两者转化是写作正常进行的关键。
第一节 写作动机的激发
四、写作动机的生成(P129-132)
(三 )实用写作动机的生成
实用写作动机的生成既受外部力量的驱使,也受内 部驱动力的支配。实用写作的外部动机主要表现为 “功利目的”和受“他人意志”支配驱使这两种形态。
受功利目的支配的写作,或为了实际生活的需要, 或为了解决工作中的实际问题而写作,
第五章 写作动机与选题
写作动机的激发 选题的策略
写作动机的含义(识记) 写作动机的功能(领会) 写作动机的不同类型(领会) 写作动机的特性(识记) 文学文体写作动机的生成(简单应用) 学术文体写作动机的生成(简单应用) 实用文体写作动机的生成(简单应用)
选题活动的特征(领会) 选题的基本要求(领会) 学术写作选题的方法与步骤(简单应用) 学术写作的题材选择(简单应用) 实用写作选题的方法与步骤(简单应用)
这个阶段经过了艰辛的剥离。主观感知和理性思维 在剥离过程中起监督审视作用。 (2)层级性
层次递进的过程。理性层级需要写作者的层层 深入才能达到。 (3)图示性
清晰的结构预兆,在作者的思维中形成一个形 式完整的图示。具有初步思维框架;
第二节 选题的策略
六、选题的基本要求(P133-134)
(1)本色与当行。 在选题时作者的内在标尺。选题过程乃“悟”,
分子探究发现。 2. 学术动态“定位法”
研究领域学术动态,查究学术“热点”、“焦 点”,总结出选题的研究历史、现状。(学术会议、 研究综述、课题立项) 3. 学术盲点“补漏法”
“实用性”是其功利特征,“用的需要”是动机生 成的重要因素。
受他人意志支配的写作,多数情况可视为“职业受 命写作”。例如:记者、文字秘书;主体动机转换问 题(外部驱动力和内部驱动力)。
第二节 选题的策略
五、选题的特征(P132-133)
选题与写作的实际操作联系更直接,需要大量前 期工作配合
(1)剥离性 是将题材从游离状态提升为固化形态的阶段,
第一节 写作动机的激发
二、写作动机构成的要素(P124-126)
(1)需要是引起动机的内在条件,是动机产生的基础。
人需要是多方面,自然本能,社会性需要、物质性需要、精 神需要。写作动机(自我实现、满足生活生存、工作需要、情绪 宣泄)
(2)目标意图是指行为主体根据自身的需要,借助意识、观念的中介作用, 预先设想的行为目的和结果,是动机产生的归宿和努力方向。
第一节 写作动机的激发
三、写作动机的特性(6-127)
写作动机是相当复杂的动态系统,动机 分类:按时间来分为瞬息突发式和渐进持 续;存在方式分显形和潜隐形;从效果角 度分积极性动机和消极性
三、写作动机的特性(P126-127)
1)复杂性
动机是由需要这一原始动力引发的,而人的需要不仅多样, 且可能同时发生,故而当多种需要引发的多种动机组合成动态 系统,共同作用于写作活动时,动机便呈现出复杂状态。例: 贾平凹。
以本色及当行的标准来严格要求,选取符合主体写 作范式和内在意愿的题材。 (2)适度与适当。
选题的范围大小、领域的宽广都要符合作者的个 人量度。(宏大题材、以小见大) (3)辨识与辩证。
结合感性和理性共时参与,辨识就是依据写作者 的表达性标准来检验所选题材的外在物质化外壳, 看它是否契合主观意图。
第二节 选题的策略
反映了人与客观事物的实践关系,一旦确立呈现出自觉性和 主动性。具有政治性、经济性、社会性等等多样化。
(3)情绪、情感是人对客观事物的态度体验及相应的行为反应,是联结需 要和意图的动力。欣慰、敬慕、愤怒、痛苦。
(4)意志是要实现目的而产生的心理状态,它伴随着动机的发生而发生, 常以语言或行动表现出来。客服困难与障碍,坚定写作动机目标;
七、选题的方法与步骤
(一)学术写作的选题(P134)
(1)评估分类:
价值性是指选题是否具有科学价值,或实 用价值,或精神文化效应的思想价值。
可行性是指完成所选论题的研究条件及占 有信息资料的多少。
第二节 选题的策略
(2)学术性选题的基本方法(P135)
1. 追问疑点“探索法” 涉及的学术问题学会问“为什么”,例原子、
(2)主体性
特定社会文化语境中,作者是自己情感愿望的主体,其动 机的实施代表着个人的观念和情感。体现对生活刺激的选择具 有主动自觉权;体现作者个性、气质、思想必然浸染动机,助 于动机生成及发展。
(3)社会性
受社会关系的制约,受社会生活条件的影响,它包含着非 个人意志的社会历史内容。表现生活在不同国家、时代、地域 和文化背景中的作家存在动机差异性;西方工业革命、世界大 战。一个国家社会历史发展不同阶段,作家也受不同影响。
第一节 写作动机的激发
四、写作动机的生成(P129-132)
(一)文学写作动机的生成
外物激发和内部刺激是文学写作动机生成的主要方式。 “原型激发”:作者受生活中的人和事的直接启示而创作。例 老舍《骆驼祥子》,鲁迅《阿Q正传》。 “情景诱引”:即特殊情境氛围触发了作者创作冲动。新文化 运动,李大钊《我的马克思主义观》,胡适,徐志摩《再别康 桥》等等。 “外物启示”:即外部某物件或形象图景引发了作者强烈的创 作冲动。例如:弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫《墙上的斑点》、矛盾《白 杨礼赞》。 “思想点化”:这种创作动机往往是在阅读或者与人交流中得 到某种思想的启示而形成的。