机电工程专业英语考试词汇

复习大纲-专业英语词汇1.The Engineering Professionoccupation 职业mining and metallurgical engineer矿业&冶金工程师practical application 实际应用theoretical science 理论科学inclined plane 斜面experimental method to verify theory 用实验方法验证理论mechanical advantage 机械增益work 做功power 动力；功率civil engineering 土木工程hydraulic engineering 水利工程sanitary or environment engineering 公共卫生及环境工程sewer system 下水道系统trial and error 反复试错/试错法engineering specialty 工程专业petroleum engineering 原油工程aerospace engineering 航空航天工程electronic engineering 电子工程apprenticeship 学徒期operate or maintain 操作及维护be aware of 意识到engineering specialty 工程专业2、Industry and Technologylaws of nature 自然法则season sth 风干finish 精加工（抛光、上漆）；光洁度functional requirement 功能性要求material requirements 材料要求visual requirements 视觉要求durability 耐用性elements and principles of design设计基础&原理color and texture 颜色和纹理unity 一致性variety 多样性proportion 比例性cottage industry 小作坊mass-production 批量生产3、Modern Manufacturingessential of industry 工业要素material resources 物资资源human resources 人力资源capital resources 资金资源raw material原材料finished product 成品process加工工艺logical pattern 逻辑图die maker 模工jig 夹具（定位夹具）fixture夹具（工件安装夹具）milling fixtures 铣床夹具lathe fixtures 车床夹具grinding fixtures 磨床夹具assembly fixtures 装配夹具routing 加工工序scheduling 时刻表，进度表dispatching 生产调度plant layout 工厂布局go/no-go gauge 止通规4、Agile Manufacturingagile manufacturing 敏捷制造brief overview 简要概述competitive advantage 竞争优势dynamic teams 动态团队virtual corporation 虚拟合作adaptability and versatility 适用性&通用性lead time 订货到交货的时间just-in-time 准时overhead cost 管理费用5、Lean Productionlean production 精益生产logistics organization 物流机构supply chains 供应链6、Virtual Manufacturingvirtual manufacturing 虚拟制造model and simulation 建模与仿真common data model 通用数据模型template 模板nature/ property /performance/ characteristic 特性，特征high-speed processing line 高速加工流水线consumer goods industry 消费品工业web-based collaboration tools 基于网络的协同工具sustainable competitive advantage 可持续的竞争优势7、Concurrent Engineeringconcurrent engineering 并行工程meet pre-determined objectives 完成预定目标cross-function cooperation 交叉功能合作8、General considerationsprime mover原动（机）件windmill 风车waterwheel 水车turbine 涡轮机steam engine 蒸汽机internal-combustion engine内燃机electric generator 发电机hydraulic pump 液压泵air compressor 空气压缩机materials processing machinery 材料加工机械generator 发生器motor 马达，电动机；engine 引擎，发动机operator 工作机power plant 电厂automobile 汽车rotate 旋转cylinder缸体crankshaft 曲轴（crank曲柄）piston 活塞burned gases废气wedging action斜楔作用（wedge principle斜楔原理）slider-crank mechanism 曲柄滑块机构four-stroke-cycle engine with eight cylinders八缸四冲程引擎inertia 惯性torque 扭矩、转矩speed fluctuation速度波动stall失速、熄火clutch 离合器transmission变速箱（ratio速比；rate速率）rear axle housing 后桥壳universal joint 万向接头spring 弹簧flywheel 飞轮shaft 轴fastener 紧固件constrained parts约束部件distinctive 显著的，明显的friction 摩擦stiffness 刚度mass 质量，大批量displacement 位移velocity 速度acceleration 加速度velocity ratio 速比power 功率work 功speed reducer 减速器load 负载， effort 作用力9、The simple Machinelever杠杆fulcrum 支点leverage principle 杠杆原理spoked wheel 辐轮screwdriver 起子、螺丝刀pulley 带轮、滑轮rim 轮缘loose end 松端of its own accord自行的，自然而然的fall out 脱落drill 钻头reamer 铰刀machine tool spindle 机床主轴screw 螺旋thread 螺纹lead 导程lead angle 导程角screw-nut combination 丝杆螺母组合rectilinear motion 直线运动force amplifier 省力装置screw jack 千斤顶high efficiency 高效self-locking 自锁fastening device 紧固装置screw conveyor 螺旋输送器twist drill 麻花钻exert an influence on对……施加影响10、Mechanismsintersection 交点common normal 公法线common tangent 公切线line of the center 中心线pure rolling contact 纯滚动conjugate profile 共轭轮廓cycloid 摆线involute 渐开线tooth profile 齿廓pitch point 节点pitch circle分度圆（节圆）base circle 基圆positive drive 强制驱动equally spaced 等间距truncated cone 截锥11、Gearsease of manufacture制造的难易程度sensitivity of maladjustment 对失调的敏感性load-carrying capacity 承载能力center-distance variation 中心距变化Hob 滚刀Pinion 小齿轮 /gear 大齿轮Tooth profile 齿廓region of tooth engagement 齿轮啮合区tooth轮齿；gear齿轮interchangeability 互换性tooth element 齿素线spur gear 直齿轮helical gear斜齿轮bevel gears 锥齿轮worm gears 蜗轮蜗杆planetary and differential gears 行星齿轮和差动（差速）齿轮planetary gears行星齿轮ordinary gear train定轴齿轮系gear train齿轮系backlash 侧隙、回程误差pitch circle 分度圆circular pitch 周节axial thrust 轴向推力single-thread worms 单头蜗杆lead angle 导程角multiple-thread worms 多头蜗杆gear trains and reducers 齿轮轮系和减速器speed reducers 减速器12、CAMScams 凸轮inverse cam mechanism 逆凸轮机构angular increment 角增量linear increment 线增量uniformly accelerated and retarded motion 匀加速、匀减速运动harmonic motion简谐运动simple pendulum单摆13、Linkageslinkage 连杆机构link 连杆degree of freedom 自由度four-bar mechanism 四杆机构drag-link mechanism= double-crank mechanism 双曲柄机构crank-rocker mechanism 曲柄摇杆机构initial position 初始位置extreme position 极限位置dead position 死点位置angular momentum 角冲量linkage synthesis 连杆机构合成graphical and analytical method 绘图法和解析法quick-return device 急回作用quick-return ratio 急回速比double-rocker mechanism 双摇杆机构function generator 函数发生器inversions 机架变换stroke 行程，冲程throw of the crank 曲轴偏心距、偏移量eccentric-and-rod mechanism 偏心轮连杆机构space linkage 空间连杆机构kinematic pair 运动副turning pair 转动副prismatic pair移动副cylinder pair 圆柱副screw pair螺旋副spheric pair球面副14、Belt Drivebelt drive 带传动flat belt 平皮带creep 蠕变initial tension 初张力V belts V型带（三角带）V-shaped cross section fitting V型横截面grooved belt多楔带timing belt 同步齿形带transverse teeth 横向齿15、Couplings, Clutches, Breakscoupling 联轴器 rigid coupling 刚性联轴器 flexible coupling 挠性联轴器clutch 离合器break 制动器windings 绕组lineshaft 主传动轴forward and reverse rotations 正转和反转coefficient of friction 摩擦系数16、Bearingslost power 虚功film 膜ring 座圈（inner ring内圈；outer ring外圈）rolling elements 滚动体cage = separator = retainer 保持架single-row radial ball bearing 单列径向球轴承cylindrical roller bearing滚柱轴承needle bearing 滚针轴承tapered-roller bearing 圆锥滚子轴承spherical-roller bearing 球面滚子轴承ball thrust bearing 推力球轴承straight-roller thrust bearing 圆柱滚子推力轴承tapered-roller thrust bearing 圆锥滚子推力轴承linear-motion rolling bearing 直线轴承gas bearing 气体轴承self-induced aerodynamics film 自感应空气动力膜journal bearing 轴颈轴承jewel bearing 宝石轴承sleeve bearing 套筒轴承aerodynamic（aerostatic）film 空气动力（静力）膜helium 氦hydrogen 氢nitrogen 氮journal bearing 轴颈轴承planetary motion 行星运动hybrid 混合的V-shaped notch V型槽Standardized off-the-shelf units标准成品Life expectancy 期望寿命（expectancy-平均值）Close limits 狭窄的尺寸限（即尺寸精度高）Wrist pins 活塞销Joints 接头Suspension system 悬挂系统Relative sliding 相对滑动17、Design Engineer and Design Methodology regimental discipline 系统化学科inner manifestations 内在表现creative urge 创造欲望personal design methodology 个人设计方法basic guidelines 基本指导方针layout design 总体设计design follow-up 后续设计documentation 技术文献18、Creative Designcreative design 创新设计emergent concept 新兴概念constructive induction 结构归纳inferential theory of leaning 学习推演论routine design 常规设计19、Mechanical Engineering Designsolid mechanics 固体力学empirical information 经验信息professional judgment 专业判断stress-strain-strength relationship 应力/变强度关系20、Introduction to Drawingvisible line 可见轮廓线hidden line 不可见轮廓线dimension line 尺寸线extension line 尺寸界线center line 中心线cutting-plane line 剖面位置线section line 剖面线break line 断开线phantom line 假想轮廓线orthographic projection 正交投影sectional view 剖视图dimensioning 尺寸标注size dimension 定形尺寸location dimension 定位尺寸assembly drawing 装配图mass production 批量生产21、Metal Materialshardness 硬度tensile strength 抗拉强度compressive strength 抗压强度fatigue strength 疲劳强度ductility 延展性toughness 韧性elasticity 弹性ferrous metals黑色金属nonferrous metals 有色金属alloys 合金carbon content 含碳量metallurgy 矿业&冶金工业microstructure 微结构coke 焦炭iron ore 铁矿石limestone 石灰石charge 炉料hot-rolled steel（HRS）热轧钢cold-rolled steel（CRS）冷轧钢working hard 加工硬化sterling silver 标准纯银aluminum 铝heat-treating 热处理tool steel 工具钢anneal 退火temper 回火case hardening 表面硬化scale 氧化皮quench 淬火/淬硬22、Five Basic Machining Techniques Drilling and boring钻\镗Turning 车削Planing 刨Milling 铣Grinding 磨Shaper 牛头刨Planer 龙门刨horizontal lathe 卧式车床vertical lathe 立式车床headstock 主轴箱tailstock 尾架，尾座tool-post 刀架cross-slide 十字滑板（溜板）saddle = carriage （马鞍型）轨道center 顶尖machine tool 机床turret 转塔（五角or六角形）feed box 进给箱twist drill 麻花钻gear mechanism齿轮机构spindle 主轴workpiece 工件cutting speed 切削速度surface finish 表面光洁度roughing cut 粗加工finishing cut 精加工jaws 卡爪chuck卡盘drilling 钻boring 镗screw-cutting 螺纹切削transverse movement 横向运动engage 啮合lead-screw 丝杠tap 丝攻pitch 螺距pitch of the threads 螺纹的螺距pitch circle分度圆reversing lever 反向操纵杆23、LaserMachininghighly directional 高单向性coherent 相干的propagate 传播intense 强度（光强），区别于strengthsolid laser 固体激光gas laser 气体激光semiconductor laser 半导体激光liquid laser 液体激光laser-beam machining （LBM））激光束机加工gas welding 气焊arc welding 氩弧焊resistance welding 电阻焊laser welding激光焊24、Computeranalog computer模拟计算机digital computer 数字计算机integrated circuit 集成电路hardware 硬件central processing unit（CPU）中央处理器input device（IO）输入设备storage device存储设备output device输出设备operating system操作系统programming编程assembly language汇编语言binary-based 二进制基础的parallel processing并行处理25、Development History of Computer Useinteractive computer-aided design交互式计算机辅助设计real-time capability实时能力computer aided design计算机辅助设计（CAD）computer aided manufacturing 计算机辅助制造（CAM）26、Computer Integrated Manufacturing （CIM）computer integrated manufacturing计算机集成制造inventory information 库存信息computer integrated production planning & control计算机集成制造计划与控制manufacturing management 制造管理27、Automationprincipal means主要方法automation自动化spot welding点焊spray painting喷漆feedback control system反馈控制系统decision-making 决策building block结构单元adaptive control 适应控制error detection and recovery 误差检测与修复flexible柔性的（反义词：rigid）instruction 指令human intervention 认为干预28、Artificial Intelligenceartificial intelligence 人工智能character recognition特征识别knowledge acquisition 知识获取decision-making algorithm决策算法29、MechatronicsMechatronics 机电一体化/机电工程Mechatronics engineering机电工程Sensor-based feedback system基于传感器的反馈系统Electrostatic 静电的Electromagnetic电磁的30、Development of Robot Systemend-effector末端作用器predetermined path 预设轨迹adaptability 适应性master computer主机servosystem伺服系统（fixed）coordinate transformation 固定坐标变换31、Mechanical Design of an industrial Robot strength and stiffness强度和刚度dynamic performance动态性能absolute positioning绝对坐标repeatability for materials handling材料加工的重复性resolution 分辨率32、Automated Teller Machinesautomated teller machine银行自动柜员机withdraw cash取现金make deposit存款check account balance检查账户（查收支平衡）issuing bank 发卡行magnetic strip 磁条33、Microscopic machinesmicroscopic machine 微型机械miniaturization of machine part 机械零件的小型化microdynamics微观动力学micromechanics 微观力学microengineering微观工程学cog嵌齿，小齿轮microlithography微型平版印刷术mask掩膜semiconductor半导体brittle/ fragile易碎的wafer晶片etching technique蚀刻工艺atomic-particle accelerator粒子加速器pressure sensor压力传感器microsensor微型传感器nanometer纳米nanotechnology纳米技术34、A Guide for Using the Engineering Index Annual engineering index annual工程索引年刊abstract format摘要格式bibliographic参考目录citation引文35、Patentpatent专利patent pending专利搁置submarine patent潜水艇专利。