jack london ppt
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杰克 伦敦ppt课件
那时正是美国大萧条的1904年，他参加了从旧金山到华盛 顿去请愿的失业者队伍，向东海岸进发。他途中因故脱离 了队伍，便偷乘火车在北美大陆流浪，跟车警、乘务员捉 迷藏，周游全国，以此为乐。他曾经被捕，罚作了三十天 苦役，亲眼见到了美国监狱里骇人听闻的现实。出狱后他 偷乘西去的列车到了加拿大西海岸，再从那做水手南下， 回到旧金山。这次特别形式的旅游给了他丰富的人生体验， 尤其是贫困的流浪汉的体验。他明白了一个道理：最能够 关心穷苦人的往往是穷苦人。他对读书一直就有兴趣，就 连在做蚝贼时也在他的小艇上读过许多书。流浪归来他开 始大量阅读。他读过圣西门、傅立叶、蒲鲁东的作品，明 白了私有财产的罪恶；他甚至读马克思的《共产主义宣 言》，大体懂得了共产主义是怎么回事。为了读书他十九 岁时进了奥克兰中学，准备考大学，同时加入了社会党。 他参加工人集会，发表激烈的演说，主张破坏现有的社会 秩序，并曾经因此被捕。在奥克兰中学读书时他在学校的 报纸上发表了小说《小笠原群岛》，连载了两个月，这样， 他从事文学的兴趣更浓厚了。
人物评价
列宁认为他的文章富有激情，带者原始的活力，并在临终 前对《热爱生命》《墨西哥人》作出高度评价。同时这两 篇小说被认为是世界上最杰出的短篇小说之一，杰克 伦敦 也由于《铁蹄》一书授予”美国无产阶级之父“的光荣荣 誉。 美国传记小说家伊尔文·斯通在他的《马背上的水手》里 称他是美国无产阶级文学之父。
角度一理论依据
逆境给人宝贵的磨炼机会，只有经得起环境考验的人,才能算 是真正的强者。自古以来的伟人,大多是抱着不屈不挠的精神, 从逆境中挣扎奋斗过来的。 ——松下幸之助 逆境展示奇才，顺境隐没英才。——霍勒斯 人的生命似洪水在奔流，不遇着岛屿、暗礁，难以激起美 丽的浪花。——奥斯特洛夫斯基
Jack London
Philosophy of Chinese (Ah Cho):
– .Believe the superior has power to suppress the inferior—fix the sense of superior of European, who look down upon Chinago’s life(p. 843, L 18-21), (p.846, L 19-21), Schemmer threaten the dying Ah Cho and treats him inhuman (p. 847, L 19-21, 26-7) – Self-defensive and selfish—Ah Cho shows no mercy to Ah Chow(p. 839, L32-8), no one dare to prove that Ah Cho is innocent (p. 845, L2-4)
Symbols
• • • • • Chinago/French Devils/White devil Arrows/belts Five hundred coolie Ah Cho’s dream Guillotine
International Financial background of The Chinago
• Flourishing period of Capitalism
– – The feature of capitalism The attitude to labors in capitalism
• An opponent power—Marxism
Social Level
• Chief Justice/ English Company/ French Government-the upper class • Schemmer/ Eruchot-the middle class • Chinago coolies/ Tahitian-the lower class • The capitalist system enriched only the upper class at the expense of the lower class • The conflict about Jack London advocated in his point of view.
LessonPlan20-JackLondon杰克伦敦
Literary Style and Influences
• His vigorous stories of men and animals against the environment, and survival against hardships were drawn mainly from his own experience in the Yukon.
• The Sea Wolf, a novel which was very popular when it was first published, was based upቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱn his experiences at sea.
• After returning home to California, he began writing full-time and made lots of money.
nature:
o Power of nature o Struggle for survival o Finding your natural instincts
Call of the Wild (1903)
• Most famous and widely-read book by London. • Follows the transformation of a dog named Buck from being a
• London was also an avid supporter of socialist principles and admired strong work a ethic.
Literary Themes
• Unconfined individualism • Social and physical maturation • Man making peace with nature and visa-versa • Darwinism in its exploration of the laws of
美国文学史课件9 Jack London
The
Fiction
Before Adam 幻想小说 《亚当以前》 Jerry of the Islands 《群岛猎犬杰瑞》 The House of Mapuhi 《马普希的房子》 The White Silence 《沉寂的雪原》 Lost Face 《丢脸》
An Odyssey of the North 北方的奥德赛
Martin Eden Call Of the Wild The Sea lf
Questions
Naturalism (1890s)
The historical background of Naturalism a. the spread of industrialization created extremes of wealth and poverty. slum
Crane’s Maggie: A Girl of the Streets is the first American naturalistic work. Norris’s McTeague is the manifesto of American naturalism. Dreiser’s Sister Carrie is the work in which naturalism attained maturity. These writers’ detailed description of the lives of the downtrodden and the abnormal, their frank treatment of human passion and sexuality, and their portrayal of men and women over-whelmed by blind forces of nature still exert a powerful influence on modern writers.
Fiction
Before Adam 幻想小说 《亚当以前》 Jerry of the Islands 《群岛猎犬杰瑞》 The House of Mapuhi 《马普希的房子》 The White Silence 《沉寂的雪原》 Lost Face 《丢脸》
An Odyssey of the North 北方的奥德赛
Martin Eden Call Of the Wild The Sea lf
Questions
Naturalism (1890s)
The historical background of Naturalism a. the spread of industrialization created extremes of wealth and poverty. slum
Crane’s Maggie: A Girl of the Streets is the first American naturalistic work. Norris’s McTeague is the manifesto of American naturalism. Dreiser’s Sister Carrie is the work in which naturalism attained maturity. These writers’ detailed description of the lives of the downtrodden and the abnormal, their frank treatment of human passion and sexuality, and their portrayal of men and women over-whelmed by blind forces of nature still exert a powerful influence on modern writers.
Part 4 Jack London (2) 杰克伦敦
"I would rather be ashes than dust! I would rather that my spark should burn out in a brilliant blaze than it should be stifled by dry rot. I would rather be a superb meteor, every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet. The proper function of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them. I shall use my time"
The Coming of American Naturalism: Industrialism produced financial giants, but at the same time created an industrial proletariat entirely at the mercy of external forces beyond their control. Slums appeared in great numbers where conditions became steadily worse. 美国文学自然主义的到来 工业的发展带来来了财富上的成功，与此同时，任由外在 的，人们无法控制的力量的摆布，工人无产阶级也出现了。 城市里出现了大量的贫民窟。
自然主义是19世纪末新的，更严厉的自然主义。它驳斥了道 德法则的安慰作用，尝试着去实现一种客观和直白，把社会 底层角色任由他们的环境和出身摆布的命运呈现出来。
Jack London杰克伦敦简介
Influence
London had always explored the true meaning of his life. His exploration spirit and his faith of never yielding to any pressure have been praised by many people
storyvividlyshowspersistencekeywords作家冒险生活死亡之谜二1904年报道日俄戓争乊后在旧金山报纸上发表黄祸一文1908年和1910年分别写了两部所谓小说中国佬和空前绝后的入侵以及其他涉及中国海外移民题材的白不眼泪等多篇作品
Jack London
Presented BY Jasmine
London was part of the radical literary group “The Crowd” in San Francisco and a passionate advocate of unionization（工会）, socialism, and the rights of workers. He wrote several powerful works dealing with these topics.
我宁愿是燃烧过后的灰烬也不愿为地上的灰尘! 我宁愿让点点星火猛烈燃烧殆尽也不愿任其干腐. 我宁愿做一闪而过的流星,让每一点碎片都擦出火光,也不愿做死寂的恒星. 人的职责是生活,而不是存在. 我不会浪费时间试图延长寿命. 但,我会用尽生命中的每一秒.
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Jack London.ppt
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请你们认真听啦!
Jack London
——走进杰克·伦敦
六年级六班 韩宁芙
目录
• 杰克·伦敦不同时期的照片 • 初识杰克·伦敦 • 写作风格 • 最著名的作品 • 《热爱生命》节选·赏析 • 无与伦比的人生——走进杰克·伦敦 • 杰克·伦敦之死 • 总结
“斯拿克” 号上的
《野性的呼唤》
• 整个故事以阿拉斯加淘金热为背景，讲述了在北方险恶的 环境下，巴克为了生存，如何从一条驯化的南方狗发展到 似狗非狗、似狼非狼的野蛮状态的过程。巴克是一条硕大 无比的杂交狗，它被人从南方主人家偷出来并卖掉，几经 周折后开始踏上淘金的道路，成为一条拉雪橇的苦役犬。 在残酷的驯服过程中，它意识到了公正与自然的法则；恶 劣的生存环境让它懂得了狡猾与欺诈，后来它自己将狡猾 与欺诈发挥到了让人望尘莫及的地步。经过残酷的、你死 我活的斗争，它最后终于确立了领头狗的地位。在艰辛的 拉雪橇途中，主人几经调换，巴克与最后的一位主人桑顿 结下了难分难舍的深情厚谊。这位主人曾将他从极端繁重 的苦役中解救出来，而它又多次营救了它的主人。最后， 在它热爱的主人惨遭不幸后，它便走向了荒野，响应它这 一路上多次聆听到的、非常向往的那种野性的呼唤，并且 成为了狼群之首。
个人主义
• 个人主义反抗权威以及所有试图控制个人 的行动——尤其是那些由国家或“社会” 施加的强迫力量上。因此个人主义直接的 反抗将个人地位置于社会或共同体之下的 集体主义。个人主义经常被人与利己主义 相混淆，但事实上个人主义与利己主义是 不相同的。
《海狼》
“魔鬼”号船长“海狼”拉森，一个完全的利 己主义、达尔文主义者，有强壮的身体和灵活的 头脑，以野蛮人的方式与野蛮人殴斗，又以文明 人的方式与文明人交谈。他的头脑中满是野蛮的 思想，他读书只是为了从中找出可以支持自己观 点的论据：人为什么要活着？“按“海狼”的说 法：“生命像是酵母。酶母，一种活动的东 西……大的吞小的才可以维持他们的活动，弱肉 强食才能保持他们的力量。 水手为了要吃要喝而 活动，因为可以继续活动，就是这个样。他们为 吃饱肚子而生活，为生活而吃饱肚子，这是一个 循环。”
请你们认真听啦!
Jack London
——走进杰克·伦敦
六年级六班 韩宁芙
目录
• 杰克·伦敦不同时期的照片 • 初识杰克·伦敦 • 写作风格 • 最著名的作品 • 《热爱生命》节选·赏析 • 无与伦比的人生——走进杰克·伦敦 • 杰克·伦敦之死 • 总结
“斯拿克” 号上的
《野性的呼唤》
• 整个故事以阿拉斯加淘金热为背景，讲述了在北方险恶的 环境下，巴克为了生存，如何从一条驯化的南方狗发展到 似狗非狗、似狼非狼的野蛮状态的过程。巴克是一条硕大 无比的杂交狗，它被人从南方主人家偷出来并卖掉，几经 周折后开始踏上淘金的道路，成为一条拉雪橇的苦役犬。 在残酷的驯服过程中，它意识到了公正与自然的法则；恶 劣的生存环境让它懂得了狡猾与欺诈，后来它自己将狡猾 与欺诈发挥到了让人望尘莫及的地步。经过残酷的、你死 我活的斗争，它最后终于确立了领头狗的地位。在艰辛的 拉雪橇途中，主人几经调换，巴克与最后的一位主人桑顿 结下了难分难舍的深情厚谊。这位主人曾将他从极端繁重 的苦役中解救出来，而它又多次营救了它的主人。最后， 在它热爱的主人惨遭不幸后，它便走向了荒野，响应它这 一路上多次聆听到的、非常向往的那种野性的呼唤，并且 成为了狼群之首。
个人主义
• 个人主义反抗权威以及所有试图控制个人 的行动——尤其是那些由国家或“社会” 施加的强迫力量上。因此个人主义直接的 反抗将个人地位置于社会或共同体之下的 集体主义。个人主义经常被人与利己主义 相混淆，但事实上个人主义与利己主义是 不相同的。
《海狼》
“魔鬼”号船长“海狼”拉森，一个完全的利 己主义、达尔文主义者，有强壮的身体和灵活的 头脑，以野蛮人的方式与野蛮人殴斗，又以文明 人的方式与文明人交谈。他的头脑中满是野蛮的 思想，他读书只是为了从中找出可以支持自己观 点的论据：人为什么要活着？“按“海狼”的说 法：“生命像是酵母。酶母，一种活动的东 西……大的吞小的才可以维持他们的活动，弱肉 强食才能保持他们的力量。 水手为了要吃要喝而 活动，因为可以继续活动，就是这个样。他们为 吃饱肚子而生活，为生活而吃饱肚子，这是一个 循环。”
9 Jack London
20th centuries ❖ applies the principles of scientific determinism
(决定论) to fiction and drama
❖ Naturalistic writers were influenced by the evolution theory of Charles Darwin.
cold, godless, indifferent and hostile
❖ 2. Determinism:
the notion of anti-free-will Human beings have no free will, or very little
❖because heredity and environment are so powerful in determining the course of human action
❖ 1. Darwin’s evolutionary theory ❖ 2. Social Darwinism
Spencer “struggle of the fittest” (适者生存)
❖ 3. Marx’s economic determinism ❖ 4. French Naturalism
❖ VI. The distinction between Realism and Naturalism
❖ VII. American Naturalist writers
I. Definition
❖ an extreme form of realism ❖ developed in France in the 19th Century ❖ brought to America in the late 19th and early
(决定论) to fiction and drama
❖ Naturalistic writers were influenced by the evolution theory of Charles Darwin.
cold, godless, indifferent and hostile
❖ 2. Determinism:
the notion of anti-free-will Human beings have no free will, or very little
❖because heredity and environment are so powerful in determining the course of human action
❖ 1. Darwin’s evolutionary theory ❖ 2. Social Darwinism
Spencer “struggle of the fittest” (适者生存)
❖ 3. Marx’s economic determinism ❖ 4. French Naturalism
❖ VI. The distinction between Realism and Naturalism
❖ VII. American Naturalist writers
I. Definition
❖ an extreme form of realism ❖ developed in France in the 19th Century ❖ brought to America in the late 19th and early
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The novel ends with Martin Eden committing suicide by drowning, a detail which undoubtedly contributed to what researcher calls the 'biographical myth' that Jack London's own death was a suicide. While some readers believe there is some resemblance between Jack London and Martin Eden, an important difference between them is that Martin Eden rejects socialism (attacking it as 'slave morality'), and relies on a Nietzschean individualism. In a note to Upton Sinclair, Jack London wrote, "One of my motifs, in this book, was an attack on individualism (in the person of the hero). I must have bungled, for not a single reviewer has discovered it."
Martin Eden Just before the literary establishment discovers Eden’s talents as a writer and lavishes him with the fame and fortune that he had incessantly promised Ruth (for the last two years) would come, she loses her patience and rejects him in a wistful letter: "if only you had settled down…and attempted to make something of yourself." When the publishers and the bourgeois - the very ones who shunned him - are finally at his feet, Martin has already begrudged them and become jaded by unrequited toil and love. Instead of enjoying his success, Eden retreats into a quiet indifference, only interrupted to mentally rail against the genteelness of bourgeois society or to donate his new wealth to working class friends and family.
Martin Eden
Social class - and Eden's perceptions of it - is a very important theme in the novel. Eden is a sailor from a working class background, who feels uncomfortable but inspired when he first meets the bourgeois Morse family. Spurred on by his love for Ruth Morse, he embarks on a program of self-education, with the aim of becoming a renowned writer and winning Ruth's hand in marriage. As his education progresses, Eden finds himself increasingly distanced from his working class background and surroundings. Eventually, when Eden finds that his education has far surpassed that of the bourgeoisie he looked up to, he finds himself more isolated than ever.
Jack London
Jack London
His stories involve the primitive struggle
of strong and weak individuals in the context
of irresistible natural forces such as the wild
The Call of the Wild
Theme : Civilization vs. the Wild The main conflict in The Call of the Wild is the struggle between civilization and the wild. The novel traces Buck's gradual transformation from a domesticated dog to a wild one.Buck has to learn to adapt to an entirely new way of life and code of conduct in order to survive. He must give up his life of leisure and his trusting nature. He learns "the law of the club and fang," meaning that those who have the greatest physical strength are the rulers. The chain of command is comprised of men with clubs.
Martin Eden
The Literature of Realism
Jack London
Jack London
(杰克· 伦敦)(1876 –1916)
Born 1876 San Francisco, California United States
Died
1916 (aged 40) Glen Ellen, California United States Novelist, journalist, short story writer and essayist Realism and Naturalism
sea or the arctic wastes.
Jack London
Notable Novels
The Call of the Wild (1903) 《野性的呼唤》 The Sea-Wolf (1904) 《海狼》 Martin Eden (1909) 《马丁· 伊登》 White Fang (1906) 《白牙》 The Iron Heel (1908) 《铁蹄》
Occupation
Literary movement
Jack London was an American author, journalist, and social activist. Jack London believed in Herbert Spencer's theory of "survival of the fittest," which means basically that an organism or group that is better suited to an environment will have a better chance for survival than an animal or group that is less suited. He embraces the hopeful socialism of Marx on the one hand anf the rather dark view of Nietzsche and Darwinism on the other.He believes the inevitable triumph of the stronget individuals .
Martin Eden
Plot summary Living in Oakland at the dawn of the 20th century, Martin Eden struggles to rise far above his destitute circumstances through an intense and passionate pursuit of self-education in order to achieve a coveted place among the literary elite. The main driving force behind Martin Eden's efforts is his love for Ruth Morse. Because Eden is a rough, uneducated sailor from a working class background,and the Morses are a bourgeois family, a union between them would be impossible until he reaches their level of wealth and perceived cultural, intellectual refinement.